1
|
Vikramdeo KS, Sudan SK, Singh AP, Singh S, Dasgupta S. Mitochondrial respiratory complexes: Significance in human mitochondrial disorders and cancers. J Cell Physiol 2022; 237:4049-4078. [PMID: 36074903 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are pivotal organelles that govern cellular energy production through the oxidative phosphorylation system utilizing five respiratory complexes. In addition, mitochondria also contribute to various critical signaling pathways including apoptosis, damage-associated molecular patterns, calcium homeostasis, lipid, and amino acid biosynthesis. Among these diverse functions, the energy generation program oversee by mitochondria represents an immaculate orchestration and functional coordination between the mitochondria and nuclear encoded molecules. Perturbation in this program through respiratory complexes' alteration results in the manifestation of various mitochondrial disorders and malignancy, which is alarmingly becoming evident in the recent literature. Considering the clinical relevance and importance of this emerging medical problem, this review sheds light on the timing and nature of molecular alterations in various respiratory complexes and their functional consequences observed in various mitochondrial disorders and human cancers. Finally, we discussed how this wealth of information could be exploited and tailored to develop respiratory complex targeted personalized therapeutics and biomarkers for better management of various incurable human mitochondrial disorders and cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kunwar Somesh Vikramdeo
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Sarabjeet Kour Sudan
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Ajay P Singh
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Pathology, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barbosa-Gouveia S, Vázquez-Mosquera ME, González-Vioque E, Álvarez JV, Chans R, Laranjeira F, Martins E, Ferreira AC, Avila-Alvarez A, Couce ML. Utility of Gene Panels for the Diagnosis of Inborn Errors of Metabolism in a Metabolic Reference Center. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1262. [PMID: 34440436 PMCID: PMC8391361 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have been proposed as a first-line test for the diagnosis of inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), a group of genetically heterogeneous disorders with overlapping or nonspecific phenotypes. Over a 3-year period, we prospectively analyzed 311 pediatric patients with a suspected IEM using four targeted gene panels. The rate of positive diagnosis was 61.86% for intermediary metabolism defects, 32.84% for complex molecular defects, 19% for hypoglycemic/hyperglycemic events, and 17% for mitochondrial diseases, and a conclusive molecular diagnosis was established in 2-4 weeks. Forty-one patients for whom negative results were obtained with the mitochondrial diseases panel underwent subsequent analyses using the NeuroSeq panel, which groups all genes from the individual panels together with genes associated with neurological disorders (1870 genes in total). This achieved a diagnostic rate of 32%. We next evaluated the utility of a tool, Phenomizer, for differential diagnosis, and established a correlation between phenotype and molecular findings in 39.3% of patients. Finally, we evaluated the mutational architecture of the genes analyzed by determining z-scores, loss-of-function observed/expected upper bound fraction (LOEUF), and haploinsufficiency (HI) scores. In summary, targeted gene panels for specific groups of IEMs enabled rapid and effective diagnosis, which is critical for the therapeutic management of IEM patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Barbosa-Gouveia
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, IDIS-Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Disorders (MetabERN), Santiago de Compostela University Clinical Hospital, 15704 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.B.-G.); (M.E.V.-M.); (J.V.Á.); (R.C.)
| | - María E. Vázquez-Mosquera
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, IDIS-Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Disorders (MetabERN), Santiago de Compostela University Clinical Hospital, 15704 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.B.-G.); (M.E.V.-M.); (J.V.Á.); (R.C.)
| | - Emiliano González-Vioque
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University Hospital, 28222 Majadahonda, Spain;
| | - José V. Álvarez
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, IDIS-Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Disorders (MetabERN), Santiago de Compostela University Clinical Hospital, 15704 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.B.-G.); (M.E.V.-M.); (J.V.Á.); (R.C.)
| | - Roi Chans
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, IDIS-Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Disorders (MetabERN), Santiago de Compostela University Clinical Hospital, 15704 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.B.-G.); (M.E.V.-M.); (J.V.Á.); (R.C.)
| | - Francisco Laranjeira
- Biochemical Genetics Unit, Centro de Genética Médica Doutor Jacinto Magalhães, 4050-466 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Esmeralda Martins
- Centro Materno-Infantil do Norte, Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP), Coordinator of the Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo do CHUP, 4050-466 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Ana Cristina Ferreira
- Hospital D. Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central (CHLC), Coordinator of the Centro de Referência de Doenças Hereditárias do Metabolismo do CHLC, 1169-050 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Alejandro Avila-Alvarez
- Neonatology Unit, Pediatrics Department, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña, SERGAS, 15006 A Coruña, Spain;
| | - María L. Couce
- Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Metabolic Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, IDIS-Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Disorders (MetabERN), Santiago de Compostela University Clinical Hospital, 15704 Santiago de Compostela, Spain; (S.B.-G.); (M.E.V.-M.); (J.V.Á.); (R.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hu C, Xu Q, Shen J, Wang Y. Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Mitochondrial Encephalopathy Due to FOXRED1 Mutations: Two Chinese Case Reports and a Review of the Literature. Front Neurol 2021; 12:633397. [PMID: 33613441 PMCID: PMC7887287 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.633397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As one of the assembly factors of complex I in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, FOXRED1 plays an important role in mitochondrial function. However, only a few patients with mitochondrial encephalopathy due to FOXRED1 defects have been reported. Methods: Two Chinese patients with mitochondrial encephalopathy due to mutations in FOXRED1 were identified through trio whole-exome sequencing. The clinical presentation, laboratory data, brain imaging findings, and genetic results were collected and reviewed. All previously reported cases with FOXRED1-related mitochondrial encephalopathy were collected using a PubMed search, and their data were reviewed. Results: Two patients presented with severe neurodevelopmental delay, epilepsy, high lactic acid levels, and remarkable diffuse brain atrophy and polycystic encephalomalacia during early infancy. Trio whole-exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous variants in both patients: one case harbored a c.606_607delAG frameshift variant and a c.1054C>T (p.R352W) variant. At the same time, the other carried a novel c.352C>T (p.Q118X) variant and a reported c.1054C>T (p.R352W) variant. To date, nine patients have been reported with FOXRED1 defects, including our two cases. The most common presentations were neurodevelopment delay (100%), epilepsy (80%), poor feeding (30%), and vision loss (20%). Multisystem involvement comprised cardiovascular dysfunction (30%), abnormal liver function (20%), and hypoglycemia (10%). The neuroimaging results ranged from normal to severe cerebral atrophy and polycystic encephalomalacia in early infancy. Eleven pathogenic variants in FOXRED1 have been reported, comprising six missense variants, two non-sense variants, two frameshift variants, and one splice variant; among these the c.1054C>T (p.R352W) and c.612_615dupAGTG (p.A206SfsX15) variants are more common. Conclusion:FOXRED1-related mitochondrial disorders have high clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Our study expanded the clinical and genetic spectrum of FOXRED1 defects. Early infantile onset and progressive encephalopathy are the most common clinical presentations, while the variants c.1054C>T (p.R352W) and c.612_615dupAGTG (p.A206SfsX15) may be critical founder mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaoping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Xu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Shen
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fernandez-Vizarra E, Zeviani M. Mitochondrial disorders of the OXPHOS system. FEBS Lett 2020; 595:1062-1106. [PMID: 33159691 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial disorders are among the most frequent inborn errors of metabolism, their primary cause being the dysfunction of the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). OXPHOS is composed of the electron transport chain (ETC), formed by four multimeric enzymes and two mobile electron carriers, plus an ATP synthase [also called complex V (cV)]. The ETC performs the redox reactions involved in cellular respiration while generating the proton motive force used by cV to synthesize ATP. OXPHOS biogenesis involves multiple steps, starting from the expression of genes encoded in physically separated genomes, namely the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, to the coordinated assembly of components and cofactors building each individual complex and eventually the supercomplexes. The genetic cause underlying around half of the diagnosed mitochondrial disease cases is currently known. Many of these cases result from pathogenic variants in genes encoding structural subunits or additional factors directly involved in the assembly of the ETC complexes. Here, we review the historical and most recent findings concerning the clinical phenotypes and the molecular pathological mechanisms underlying this particular group of disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Fernandez-Vizarra
- Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Massimo Zeviani
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine, Padova, Italy.,Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|