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Liu X, Wang H, Wang X, Jiang X, Jin Y, Han Y, Zhang Z. Identification and verification of inflammatory biomarkers for primary Sjögren's syndrome. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:1335-1352. [PMID: 38376769 PMCID: PMC10944815 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-024-06901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory infiltration, and dysfunction of the salivary and lacrimal glands. This research aimed to explore the disease pathogenesis and improve the diagnosis and treatment of pSS by mining inflammation-associated biomarkers. METHODS Five pSS-related datasets were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Inflammation-associated biomarkers were determined by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and support vector machines recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE). Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was implemented to profile the infiltration levels of immune cells. Real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) verified the expression of biomarkers in clinical samples. RESULTS Four genes (LY6E, EIF2AK2, IL15, and CXCL10) were screened as inflammation-associated biomarkers in pSS, the predictive performance of which were determined among three pSS-related datasets (AUC > 0.7). Functional enrichment results suggested that the biomarkers were involved in immune and inflammation-related pathways. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that biomarkers were notably connected with type 2 T helper cells, regulatory T cells which were significantly expressed between pSS and control. TESTOSTERONE and CYCLOSPORINE were predicted to take effect by targeting CXCL10 and IL15 in pSS, respectively. CONCLUSION Four inflammation-associated biomarkers (LY6E, EIF2AK2, IL15, and CXCL10) were explored, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms and targeted drugs associated with these biomarkers were preliminarily investigated according to a series of bioinformatics methods based on the online datasets of pSS, which provided a reference for understanding the pathogenesis of pSS. Key Points • Inflammation-associated biomarkers (LY6E, EIF2AK2, IL15, and CXCL10) were firstly identified in Sjögren's syndrome based on LASSO and SVM-RFE analyses. • CXCL10, EIF2AK2 and LY6E were prominently positively correlated with immature B cells, while IL15 were significantly negatively correlated with memory B cells in Sjögren's syndrome. • LY6E, EIF2AK2, IL15, and CXCL10 were significantly more highly expressed in clinical Sjögren's syndrome samples compared to healthy control samples, which was consistent with the analysis results of the GEO database. •LY6E, EIF2AK2, IL15, and CXCL10 might be used as the biomarkers for the treatment and diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Haojie Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Restoration of Damaged Ocular Nerve, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Yinji Jin
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Oral Medicine, Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering, Haidian District, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Haidian District, 49 North Garden Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Osteopontin: A Bone-Derived Protein Involved in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Osteoarthritis Immunopathology. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030502. [PMID: 36979437 PMCID: PMC10046882 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a bone-derived phosphoglycoprotein related to physiological and pathological mechanisms that nowadays has gained relevance due to its role in the immune system response to chronic degenerative diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). OPN is an extracellular matrix (ECM) glycoprotein that plays a critical role in bone remodeling. Therefore, it is an effector molecule that promotes joint and cartilage destruction observed in clinical studies, in vitro assays, and animal models of RA and OA. Since OPN undergoes multiple modifications, including posttranslational changes, proteolytic cleavage, and binding to a wide range of receptors, the mechanisms by which it produces its effects, in some cases, remain unclear. Although there is strong evidence that OPN contributes significantly to the immunopathology of RA and OA when considering it as a common denominator molecule, some experimental trial results argue for its protective role in rheumatic diseases. Elucidating in detail OPN involvement in bone and cartilage degeneration is of interest to the field of rheumatology. This review aims to provide evidence of the OPN’s multifaceted role in promoting joint and cartilage destruction and propose it as a common denominator of AR and OA immunopathology.
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3
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Massalska M, Ciechomska M, Kuca-Warnawin E, Burakowski T, Kornatka A, Radzikowska A, Pawlak D, Muz B, Loniewska-Lwowska A, Palucha A, Maldyk P, Maslinski W. Effectiveness of Soluble CTLA-4-Fc in the Inhibition of Bone Marrow T-Cell Activation in Context of Indoleamine 2.3-Dioxygenase (IDO) and CD4 +Foxp3 + Treg Induction. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:6813-6829. [PMID: 36578517 PMCID: PMC9792113 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s359775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with systemic inflammation finally resulting in damaged joints. One of the RA development models suggests bone marrow (BM) as a place of inflammation development further leading to disease progression. We aimed to investigate the potential of CTLA-4-Fc molecule in inducing tolerogenic milieu in BM measured as indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression, CD4+Foxp3+ Treg induction, and T cell activation control. The expression of IDO-pathway genes was also examined in monocytes to estimate the tolerogenic potential in the periphery. Methods Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC) were stimulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and CTLA-4-Fc. Next IDO expression, CD4+CD69+ and CD4+Foxp3+ percentage were estimated by PCR and FACS staining, respectively. Enzymatic activity of IDO was confirmed by HPLC in BM plasma and blood plasma. Genes expressed in IDO-pathway were analyzed by NGS in peripheral monocytes isolated from RA patients and healthy controls. Results We found that CTLA-4-Fc and IFN-γ stimulation results in IDO production by BMMC. CTLA-4-Fc induced tryptophan catabolism can inhibit mitogen-induced CD4+ T cells activation without influencing CD8+ cells, but did not control CD25 nor Foxp3 expression in BM cells. Significantly higher expression of selected IDO-pathway genes was detected on peripheral monocytes isolated from RA as compared to healthy controls. Conclusion This study sheds light on some immunosuppression aspects present or induced in BM. The potential of IDO-mediated pathways were confirmed in the periphery, what may represent the promising candidates for therapeutic strategies in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Massalska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland,Correspondence: Magdalena Massalska, Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation, Spartanska 1, Warsaw, 02-637, Poland, Tel/Fax +48 22 670 94 94, Email
| | - Marzena Ciechomska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
| | - Ewa Kuca-Warnawin
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
| | - Tomasz Burakowski
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
| | - Anna Kornatka
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
| | - Anna Radzikowska
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
| | - Dariusz Pawlak
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, 15-222, Poland
| | - Barbara Muz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Biology Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | | | | | - Pawel Maldyk
- Department of Rheumoorthopaedic Surgery, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland,Clinical Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology of Locomotor System, Enfant-Jesus Clinical Hospital, Warsaw, 02-005, Poland
| | - Wlodzimierz Maslinski
- Department of Pathophysiology and Immunology, National Institute of Geriatrics, Rheumatology, and Rehabilitation (NIGRiR), Warsaw, 02-637, Poland
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Fonseca Peixoto R, Ewerton Maia Rodrigues C, Henrique de Sousa Palmeira P, Cézar Comberlang Queiroz Davis Dos Santos F, Keesen de Souza Lima T, de Sousa Braz A. Immune hallmarks of rheumatoid arthritis management: A brief review. Cytokine 2022; 158:156007. [PMID: 35985174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.156007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review was to examine current evidence on immunomodulation mediated by conventional drugs and the use of novel biological agents for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Currently, treatment is focused on maximizing quality of life through sustained clinical remission and/or attenuating disease activity. To do so, disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs, especially methotrexate, are used alone or in combination with other drugs, including leflunomide, biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and targeted synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (tsDMARDs). The most recent strategies modulate the immune response of the individual RA patient using tsDMARDs such as JAK inhibitors and bDMARDs such as ig-CTLA-4, anti- IL6R, anti-TNF-α and anti-CD20. To better understand current immunopharmacological interventions, we also looked at documented mechanisms of RA-mediated immunomodulation, highlighting perspectives potentially boosting RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rephany Fonseca Peixoto
- Laboratory of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Ewerton Maia Rodrigues
- Post‑Graduate Program in Medical Sciences, Medical School, University of Fortaleza (Unifor), Fortaleza, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Henrique de Sousa Palmeira
- Laboratory of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900, Brazil
| | | | - Tatjana Keesen de Souza Lima
- Laboratory of Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa, Paraíba 58051-900, Brazil
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Cordero OJ, Viéitez I, Altabás I, Nuño-Nuño L, Villalba A, Novella-Navarro M, Peiteado D, Miranda-Carús ME, Balsa A, Varela-Calviño R, Gomez-Tourino I, Pego-Reigosa JM. Study of Plasma Anti-CD26 Autoantibody Levels in a Cohort of Treatment-Naïve Early Arthritis Patients. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2022; 70:12. [PMID: 35304639 PMCID: PMC8933303 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-022-00649-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
In rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the identification of biomarkers to adjust treatment intensity and to correctly diagnose the disease in early stages still constitutes a challenge and, as such, novel biomarkers are needed. We proposed that autoantibodies (aAbs) against CD26 (DPP4) might have both etiological importance and clinical value. Here, we perform a prospective study of the potential diagnostic power of Anti-CD26 aAbs through their quantification in plasmas from 106 treatment-naïve early and undifferentiated AR. Clinical antibodies, Anti-CD26 aAbs, and other disease-related biomarkers were measured in plasmas obtained in the first visit from patients, which were later classified as RA and non-RA according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria. Two different isotype signatures were found among ten groups of patients, one for Anti-CD26 IgA and other for Anti-CD26 IgG and IgM isotypes, both converging in patients with arthritis (RA and Unresolved Undifferentiated Arthritis: UUA), who present elevated levels of all three isotypes. The four UUA patients, unresolved after two years, were ACPA and rheumatic factor (RF) negatives. In the whole cohort, 51.3% of ACPA/RF seronegatives were Anti-CD26 positives, and a similar frequency was observed in the seropositive RA patients. Only weak associations of the three isotypes with ESR, CRP and disease activity parameters were observed. Anti-CD26 aAbs are present in treatment-naïve early arthritis patients, including ACPA and RF seronegative individuals, suggestive of a potential pathogenic and/or biomarker role of Anti-CD26 aAbs in the development of rheumatic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar J Cordero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edificio CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain. .,Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Group, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain. .,Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago, Spain.
| | - Irene Viéitez
- Rare Diseases and Pediatric Medicine Research Group, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Irene Altabás
- Rheumatology and Immune-Mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
| | - Laura Nuño-Nuño
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz Research Institute (IDIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Villalba
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz Research Institute (IDIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Novella-Navarro
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz Research Institute (IDIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Peiteado
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz Research Institute (IDIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Alejandro Balsa
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital Universitario La Paz Research Institute (IDIPAZ), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Varela-Calviño
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edificio CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,Gene Regulatory Control in Disease Group, Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago, Spain
| | - Iria Gomez-Tourino
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Edificio CIBUS, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Vida, 15782, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.,Centre for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago, Spain
| | - José M Pego-Reigosa
- Rheumatology and Immune-Mediated Diseases Research Group (IRIDIS), Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IISGS), SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain.,Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Complex of Vigo-SERGAS, Vigo, Spain
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Koper-Lenkiewicz OM, Sutkowska K, Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek N, Kowalewska E, Matowicka-Karna J. Proinflammatory Cytokines (IL-1, -6, -8, -15, -17, -18, -23, TNF-α) Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Rheumatoid Arthritis-A Literature Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23042106. [PMID: 35216226 PMCID: PMC8878005 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23042106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Conducted studies highlight that a mixture of genetic and environmental factors is responsible for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) development. This study aimed to analyze the available literature for the relationship between, on the one hand, single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the proinflammatory cytokines genes interleukin-1 (IL-1), -6, -8, -15, -17, -18, and -23, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and on the other hand, RA susceptibility, severity, and patients' response to applied treatment. The PubMed database was searched for sources. Preference was given to articles which were published within the past 20 years. Data indicate that the relationship between selected SNPs in proinflammatory cytokines genes and susceptibility to developing RA is inconclusive, and it depends on the ethnicity of the population. Although the allelic and genotypic frequencies of many SNPs in proinflammatory cytokines genes analyzed did not differ between RA patients and healthy controls, deeper analysis showed that these polymorphisms have a relationship with clinicopathological features of RA. SNPs in proinflammatory cytokines genes also "modify patients' response" to applied treatment. Further studies, on larger cohorts of subjects and in different populations, should be conducted to elucidate the role of SNPs in IL-1, -6, -8, -15, -17, -18, and -23, and TNF-α genes in RA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga M. Koper-Lenkiewicz
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (K.S.); (E.K.); (J.M.-K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Kinga Sutkowska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (K.S.); (E.K.); (J.M.-K.)
| | - Natalia Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 13, 15-269 Białystok, Poland;
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Bialystok, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 24A, 15-276 Białystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Kowalewska
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (K.S.); (E.K.); (J.M.-K.)
| | - Joanna Matowicka-Karna
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, Waszyngtona 15A, 15-269 Białystok, Poland; (K.S.); (E.K.); (J.M.-K.)
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Zhao J, Guo S, Schrodi SJ, He D. Molecular and Cellular Heterogeneity in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Mechanisms and Clinical Implications. Front Immunol 2021; 12:790122. [PMID: 34899757 PMCID: PMC8660630 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that exhibits significant clinical heterogeneity. There are various treatments for rheumatoid arthritis, including disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs), glucocorticoids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and inflammatory cytokine inhibitors (ICI), typically associated with differentiated clinical effects and characteristics. Personalized responsiveness is observed to the standard treatment due to the pathophysiological heterogeneity in rheumatoid arthritis, resulting in an overall poor prognosis. Understanding the role of individual variation in cellular and molecular mechanisms related to rheumatoid arthritis will considerably improve clinical care and patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss the source of pathophysiological heterogeneity derived from genetic, molecular, and cellular heterogeneity and their possible impact on precision medicine and personalized treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. We provide emphasized description of the heterogeneity derived from mast cells, monocyte cell, macrophage fibroblast-like synoviocytes and, interactions within immune cells and with inflammatory cytokines, as well as the potential as a new therapeutic target to develop a novel treatment approach. Finally, we summarize the latest clinical trials of treatment options for rheumatoid arthritis and provide a suggestive framework for implementing preclinical and clinical experimental results into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhao
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Steven J. Schrodi
- Computation and Informatics in Biology and Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Dongyi He
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Arthritis Institute of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, Shanghai Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Shanghai, China
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Huang J, Fu X, Chen X, Li Z, Huang Y, Liang C. Promising Therapeutic Targets for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686155. [PMID: 34305919 PMCID: PMC8299711 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic poly-articular chronic autoimmune joint disease that mainly damages the hands and feet, which affects 0.5% to 1.0% of the population worldwide. With the sustained development of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), significant success has been achieved for preventing and relieving disease activity in RA patients. Unfortunately, some patients still show limited response to DMARDs, which puts forward new requirements for special targets and novel therapies. Understanding the pathogenetic roles of the various molecules in RA could facilitate discovery of potential therapeutic targets and approaches. In this review, both existing and emerging targets, including the proteins, small molecular metabolites, and epigenetic regulators related to RA, are discussed, with a focus on the mechanisms that result in inflammation and the development of new drugs for blocking the various modulators in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xuekun Fu
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuhong Huang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.,Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, China
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Rioseras B, Moro-García MA, García-Torre A, Bueno-García E, López-Martínez R, Iglesias-Escudero M, Diaz-Peña R, Castro-Santos P, Arias-Guillén M, Alonso-Arias R. Acquisition of New Migratory Properties by Highly Differentiated CD4+CD28 null T Lymphocytes in Rheumatoid Arthritis Disease. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11070594. [PMID: 34202487 PMCID: PMC8306508 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11070594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Expanded CD4+CD28null T lymphocytes are found in the tissues and peripheral blood of patients with many autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). These highly differentiated cells present potent inflammatory activity and capability to induce tissue destruction, which has been suggested to predispose to the development of more aggressive disease. In fact, preferential migration to inflammatory sites has been proposed to be a contributing factor in the progression of autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases frequently found in these patients. The functional activity of CD4+CD28null T lymphocytes is largely dependent on interleukin 15 (IL-15), and this cytokine may also act as a selective attractor of these cells to local inflammatory infiltrates in damaged tissues. We have analysed, in RA patients, the migratory properties and transcriptional motility profile of CD4+CD28null T lymphocytes compared to their counterparts CD28+ T lymphocytes and the enhancing role of IL-15. Identification of the pathways involved in this process will allow us to design strategies directed to block effector functions that CD4+CD28null T lymphocytes have in the target tissue, which may represent therapeutic approaches in this immune disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rioseras
- Immunology Department, Medicine Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.R.); (A.G.-T.); (E.B.-G.); rociolopez-@hotmail.com (R.L.-M.)
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias—ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Marco Antonio Moro-García
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias—ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Medicine Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alejandra García-Torre
- Immunology Department, Medicine Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.R.); (A.G.-T.); (E.B.-G.); rociolopez-@hotmail.com (R.L.-M.)
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias—ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Eva Bueno-García
- Immunology Department, Medicine Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.R.); (A.G.-T.); (E.B.-G.); rociolopez-@hotmail.com (R.L.-M.)
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias—ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | - Rocio López-Martínez
- Immunology Department, Medicine Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.R.); (A.G.-T.); (E.B.-G.); rociolopez-@hotmail.com (R.L.-M.)
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias—ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
| | | | - Roberto Diaz-Peña
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 3460000, Chile;
| | - Patricia Castro-Santos
- Inmunologia, Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas (CINBIO), Universidad de Vigo, 36310 Vigo, Spain;
| | - Miguel Arias-Guillén
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias—ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Universitario Central Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- CIBER—Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rebeca Alonso-Arias
- Immunology Department, Medicine Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain; (B.R.); (A.G.-T.); (E.B.-G.); rociolopez-@hotmail.com (R.L.-M.)
- Health Research Institute of the Principality of Asturias—ISPA, 33011 Oviedo, Spain;
- Correspondence:
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Discovery of new inhibitor for the protein arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4) by rational design of α-enolase-derived peptides. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 92:107487. [PMID: 33957477 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease affecting about 0.24 % of the world population. Protein arginine deiminase type 4 (PAD4) is believed to be responsible for the occurrence of RA by catalyzing citrullination of proteins. The citrullinated proteins act as autoantigens by stimulating an immune response. Citrullinated α-enolase has been identified as one of the autoantigens for RA. Hence, α-enolase serves as a suitable template for design of potential peptide inhibitors against PAD4. The binding affinity of α-enolase-derived peptides and PAD4 was virtually determined using PatchDock and HADDOCK docking programs. Synthesis of the designed peptides was performed using a solid phase peptide synthesis method. The inhibitory potential of each peptide was determined experimentally by PAD4 inhibition assay and IC50 measurement. PAD4 assay data show that the N-P2 peptide is the most favourable substrate among all peptides. Further modification of N-P2 by changing the Arg residue to canavanine [P2 (Cav)] rendered it an inhibitor against PAD4 by reducing the PAD4 activity to 35 % with IC50 1.39 mM. We conclude that P2 (Cav) is a potential inhibitor against PAD4 and can serve as a starting point for the development of even more potent inhibitors.
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Makuch S, Więcek K, Woźniak M. The Immunomodulatory and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Curcumin on Immune Cell Populations, Cytokines, and In Vivo Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14040309. [PMID: 33915757 PMCID: PMC8065689 DOI: 10.3390/ph14040309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a widespread chronic autoimmune disorder affecting the joints, causing irreversible cartilage, synovium, and bone degradation. During the course of the disease, many immune and joint cells are activated, causing inflammation. Immune cells including macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, mast cells, natural killer cells, innate lymphoid cells, as well as synovial tissue cells, like fibroblast-like synoviocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts secrete different proinflammatory factors, including many cytokines, angiogenesis-stimulating molecules and others. Recent studies reveal that curcumin, a natural dietary anti-inflammatory compound, can modulate the response of the cells engaging in RA course. This review comprises detailed data about the pathogenesis and inflammation process in rheumatoid arthritis and demonstrates scientific investigations about the molecular interactions between curcumin and immune cells responsible for rheumatoid arthritis development to discuss this herbal drug’s immunoregulatory role in RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Makuch
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Kamil Więcek
- Department of Biotechnology, Wroclaw University, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland;
| | - Marta Woźniak
- Department of Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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