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Gerber TS, Ridder DA, Goeppert B, Brobeil A, Stenzel P, Zimmer S, Jäkel J, Metzig MO, Schwab R, Martin SZ, Kiss A, Bergmann F, Schirmacher P, Galle PR, Lang H, Roth W, Straub BK. N-cadherin: A diagnostic marker to help discriminate primary liver carcinomas from extrahepatic carcinomas. Int J Cancer 2024; 154:1857-1868. [PMID: 38212892 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Distinguishing primary liver cancer (PLC), namely hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), from liver metastases is of crucial clinical importance. Histopathology remains the gold standard, but differential diagnosis may be challenging. While absent in most epithelial, the expression of the adherens junction glycoprotein N-cadherin is commonly restricted to neural and mesenchymal cells, or carcinoma cells that undergo the phenomenon of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, we recently established N- and E-cadherin expression as hallmarks of normal hepatocytes and cholangiocytes, which are also preserved in HCC and iCCA. Therefore, we hypothesized that E- and/or N-cadherin may distinguish between carcinoma derived from the liver vs carcinoma of other origins. We comprehensively evaluated E- and N-cadherin in 3359 different tumors in a multicenter study using immunohistochemistry and compared our results with previously published 882 cases of PLC, including 570 HCC and 312 iCCA. Most carcinomas showed strong positivity for E-cadherin. Strong N-cadherin positivity was present in HCC and iCCA. However, except for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (23.6% of cases) and thyroid cancer (29.2%), N-cadherin was only in some instances faintly expressed in adenocarcinomas of the gastrointestinal tract (0%-0.5%), lung (7.1%), pancreas (3.9%), gynecological organs (0%-7.4%), breast (2.2%) as well as in urothelial (9.4%) and squamous cell carcinoma (0%-5.6%). As expected, N-cadherin was detected in neuroendocrine tumors (25%-75%), malignant melanoma (46.2%) and malignant mesothelioma (41%). In conclusion, N-cadherin is a useful marker for the distinction of PLC vs liver metastases of extrahepatic carcinomas (P < .01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiemo S Gerber
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dirk A Ridder
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Benjamin Goeppert
- Institute of Pathology and Neuropathology, RKH Klinikum Ludwigsburg, Ludwigsburg, Germany
- Institute of Tissue Medicine and Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Brobeil
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Stenzel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefanie Zimmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jörg Jäkel
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Marie Oliver Metzig
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Roxana Schwab
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Steve Z Martin
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - András Kiss
- 2nd Institute of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Frank Bergmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Schirmacher
- Institute of Pathology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hauke Lang
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Wilfried Roth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Beate K Straub
- Institute of Pathology, University Medicine, Johannes Gutenberg-University, Mainz, Germany
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2
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Mollaoğlu MC, Karabacak U, Bostancı ME, Seven TE, Karadayı K. Is extereme cytoreductive surgery beneficial to survival ın malignant peritoneal mesothelioma? Acta Chir Belg 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38294331 DOI: 10.1080/00015458.2024.2301806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Malign peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is an uncommon disease that is difficult to treat. Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (CRS-HIPEC) are the gold standards for treating MPM. Sometimes extreme cytoreductive surgery (eCRS) is required to achieve complete cytoreduction, which is one of the most important prognostic factors. There is limited information in the literature about the contribution of eCRS in patients with MPM. In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of eCRS on survival and perioperative outcomes. METHODS The Department of Surgical Oncology at Cumhuriyet University database was retrospectively reviewed for MPM patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC between January 2004 and December 2018. Patients who underwent CRS-HIPEC were divided into eCRS and less extensive CRS (leCRS) groups. A resection of ≥5 organs or ≥3 small bowel anastomoses were defined as eCRS. Both groups were compared regarding survival, demographic information, and perioperative outcomes. RESULTS A total of 31 patients were included. eCRS-HIPEC was used in 15 patients. Complete cytoreduction (CC score 0/1) was achieved in all 31 patients. Compared to leCRS, the eCRS group had a longer median length of stay, longer intensive care unit stay, a higher median peritoneal cancer index (PCI), higher intraoperative blood loss, more frequent occurrence of any complication, and a longer operative time (all p values < 0.001). Clavien Dindo 3-4 complications, ASA, and gender were similar in both groups of patients (p > 0.05). It was found that there was no significant difference between the OS of the eCRS and leCRS groups (37.5 vs. 42.8 months, p = 0.895). CONCLUSIONS Rates of serious complications and morbidity are similar in patients undergoing eCRS compared to leCRS. In patients with high PCI and multiorgan involvement, complete cytoreduction can be achieved by performing eCRS, and survival results equivalent to those with low PCI can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murat Can Mollaoğlu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Maltepe Medical Park Hospital, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Karabacak
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sivas Numune Hospital, Sivas, Turkey
| | | | - Turan Eray Seven
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Kürşat Karadayı
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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3
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Pagliuca F, Lucà S, De Sio M, Arcaniolo D, Facchini G, De Martino M, Esposito F, DE Vita F, Chieffi P, Franco R. Testicular/paratesticular mesothelial tumours: Uncommon histopathologic entities in a very complex anatomical site. Pathol Res Pract 2024; 253:155069. [PMID: 38181581 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.155069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Mesothelial tumours of the testicular/paratesticular region are uncommon, poorly characterised and difficult-to-diagnose lesions. They encompass entirely benign proliferations (adenomatoid tumour) and malignant, very aggressive tumours (mesothelioma) whose morphological features can be overlapping, highly variable and confounding. Moreover, testicular/paratesticular mesothelial tumours comprise relatively new entities with indolent behaviour (well-differentiated papillary mesothelial tumour) as well as tumours which cannot be correctly included in any of the aforementioned categories and whose classification is still controversial. The molecular profile of such tumours represents an open issue. In fact, despite the recent discoveries about the genomic landscape of mesothelial proliferations at other sites (pleura, peritoneum), testicular/paratesticular mesothelial tumours, and namely mesotheliomas, are too rare to be extensively studied on large case series and they could arguably hide relevant differences in their molecular background when compared to the more common pleural/peritoneal counterparts.The aim of this review is to provide a guide for the pathological assessment of testicular/paratesticular mesothelial tumours. Herein, we describe the most recent updates on this topic according to the latest (year 2022) World Health Organisation Classification of Urinary and Male Genital Tumours (5th edition) and current literature. The diagnostic criteria, the main differentials and the role of ancillary techniques in the diagnosis of mesothelial testicular/paratesticular tumours are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Lucà
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Marco De Sio
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy; Urology Unit, Azienda Policlinico Unversità 'L. Vanvitelli', 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Davide Arcaniolo
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80131 Naples, Italy; Urology Unit, Azienda Policlinico Unversità 'L. Vanvitelli', 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Facchini
- Oncology Unit, "S. Maria delle Grazie" Hospital, ASL NA2 NORD, 80078 Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco De Martino
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy; Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology of the CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Esposito
- Institute of Endocrinology and Experimental Oncology of the CNR, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando DE Vita
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Chieffi
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Renato Franco
- Pathology Unit, Azienda Policlinico Unversità 'L. Vanvitelli, Italy; Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
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4
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Harrington BS, Kamdar R, Ning F, Korrapati S, Caminear MW, Hernandez LF, Butcher D, Edmondson EF, Traficante N, Hendley J, Gough M, Rogers R, Lourie R, Shetty J, Tran B, Elloumi F, Abdelmaksoud A, Nag ML, Mazan-Mamczarz K, House CD, Hooper JD, Annunziata CM. UGDH promotes tumor-initiating cells and a fibroinflammatory tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:270. [PMID: 37858159 PMCID: PMC10585874 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02820-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is a global health burden, with the poorest five-year survival rate of the gynecological malignancies due to diagnosis at advanced stage and high recurrence rate. Recurrence in EOC is driven by the survival of chemoresistant, stem-like tumor-initiating cells (TICs) that are supported by a complex extracellular matrix and immunosuppressive microenvironment. To target TICs to prevent recurrence, we identified genes critical for TIC viability from a whole genome siRNA screen. A top hit was the cancer-associated, proteoglycan subunit synthesis enzyme UDP-glucose dehydrogenase (UGDH). METHODS Immunohistochemistry was used to characterize UGDH expression in histological and molecular subtypes of EOC. EOC cell lines were subtyped according to the molecular subtypes and the functional effects of modulating UGDH expression in vitro and in vivo in C1/Mesenchymal and C4/Differentiated subtype cell lines was examined. RESULTS High UGDH expression was observed in high-grade serous ovarian cancers and a distinctive survival prognostic for UGDH expression was revealed when serous cancers were stratified by molecular subtype. High UGDH was associated with a poor prognosis in the C1/Mesenchymal subtype and low UGDH was associated with poor prognosis in the C4/Differentiated subtype. Knockdown of UGDH in the C1/mesenchymal molecular subtype reduced spheroid formation and viability and reduced the CD133 + /ALDH high TIC population. Conversely, overexpression of UGDH in the C4/Differentiated subtype reduced the TIC population. In co-culture models, UGDH expression in spheroids affected the gene expression of mesothelial cells causing changes to matrix remodeling proteins, and fibroblast collagen production. Inflammatory cytokine expression of spheroids was altered by UGDH expression. The effect of UGDH knockdown or overexpression in the C1/ Mesenchymal and C4/Differentiated subtypes respectively was tested on mouse intrabursal xenografts and showed dynamic changes to the tumor stroma. Knockdown of UGDH improved survival and reduced tumor burden in C1/Mesenchymal compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS These data show that modulation of UGDH expression in ovarian cancer reveals distinct roles for UGDH in the C1/Mesenchymal and C4/Differentiated molecular subtypes of EOC, influencing the tumor microenvironmental composition. UGDH is a strong potential therapeutic target in TICs, for the treatment of EOC, particularly in patients with the mesenchymal molecular subtype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney S Harrington
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Rahul Kamdar
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Franklin Ning
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Soumya Korrapati
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Michael W Caminear
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Lidia F Hernandez
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Donna Butcher
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Elijah F Edmondson
- Molecular Histopathology Laboratory, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, NCI, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Nadia Traficante
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Joy Hendley
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeline Gough
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Rebecca Rogers
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
| | - Rohan Lourie
- Mater Brisbane Hospital, Mater Health Services, South Brisbane, QLD, 4101, Australia
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jyoti Shetty
- CCR Sequencing Facility, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Bao Tran
- CCR Sequencing Facility, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
| | - Fathi Elloumi
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Abdalla Abdelmaksoud
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Madhu Lal Nag
- Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource (CCBR), Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Advanced Biomedical Computational Science, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Krystyna Mazan-Mamczarz
- Functional Genomics Lab, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Carrie D House
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
- Present address: Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - John D Hooper
- Mater Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Christina M Annunziata
- Women's Malignancies Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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5
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Levai E, Marinovic I, Bartosova M, Zhang C, Schaefer B, Jenei H, Du Z, Drozdz D, Klaus G, Arbeiter K, Romero P, Schwenger V, Schwab C, Szabo AJ, Zarogiannis SG, Schmitt CP. Human peritoneal tight junction, transporter and channel expression in health and kidney failure, and associated solute transport. Sci Rep 2023; 13:17429. [PMID: 37833387 PMCID: PMC10575882 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44466-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Next to the skin, the peritoneum is the largest human organ, essentially involved in abdominal health and disease states, but information on peritoneal paracellular tight junctions and transcellular channels and transporters relative to peritoneal transmembrane transport is scant. We studied their peritoneal localization and quantity by immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy in health, in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and on peritoneal dialysis (PD), with the latter allowing for functional characterizations, in a total of 93 individuals (0-75 years). Claudin-1 to -5, and -15, zonula occludens-1, occludin and tricellulin, SGLT1, PiT1/SLC20A1 and ENaC were consistently detected in mesothelial and arteriolar endothelial cells, with age dependent differences for mesothelial claudin-1 and arteriolar claudin-2/3. In CKD mesothelial claudin-1 and arteriolar claudin-2 and -3 were more abundant. Peritonea from PD patients exhibited increased mesothelial and arteriolar claudin-1 and mesothelial claudin-2 abundance and reduced mesothelial and arteriolar claudin-3 and arteriolar ENaC. Transperitoneal creatinine and glucose transport correlated with pore forming arteriolar claudin-2 and mesothelial claudin-4/-15, and creatinine transport with mesothelial sodium/phosphate cotransporter PiT1/SLC20A1. In multivariable analysis, claudin-2 independently predicted the peritoneal transport rates. In conclusion, tight junction, transcellular transporter and channel proteins are consistently expressed in peritoneal mesothelial and endothelial cells with minor variations across age groups, specific modifications by CKD and PD and distinct associations with transperitoneal creatinine and glucose transport rates. The latter deserve experimental studies to demonstrate mechanistic links.Clinical Trial registration: The study was performed according to the Declaration of Helsinki and is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT01893710).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eszter Levai
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUNREN SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Iva Marinovic
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Bartosova
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Conghui Zhang
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Betti Schaefer
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hanna Jenei
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Zhiwei Du
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dorota Drozdz
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Klaus Arbeiter
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp Romero
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Vedat Schwenger
- Department of Nephrology, Klinikum der Landeshauptstadt Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | | | - Attila J Szabo
- Pediatric Center, MTA Center of Excellence, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- HUNREN SE Pediatrics and Nephrology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sotirios G Zarogiannis
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
| | - Claus Peter Schmitt
- Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 430, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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6
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Yang A, Tang B, Liu X, He J, Yan Q, Liang X, Liu W. Development of a prognostic nomogram for patients with malignant mesothelioma with bone metastasis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10789. [PMID: 37402761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37679-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a rare aggressive tumor, and bone metastasis often occurs in later stages of this disease. This study aimed to establish a nomogram to predict the prognosis of bone metastasis of patients with MM. Data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database were screened and retrieved. This study included 311 patients with MM with bone metastases. Prognostic factors were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards model. A nomogram for overall survival (OS) was established and evaluated using statistically significant prognostic factors, and cancer-specific survival (CSS) analysis was performed to investigate its prognostic factors. In addition, the metastasis patterns of patients with MM were investigated, and the effects of different sites of metastasis on survival were compared using the Kaplan-Meier method. Age, sex, histological type, and chemotherapy were identified as the independent risk factors for OS. The 1-, 2-, and 3-year areas under the curve of the nomogram were 0.792, 0.774, and 0.928, and 0.742, 0.733, and 0.733 in the training and validation sets, respectively. Compared to OS, histological type, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy were independent risk factors for CSS. Different metastatic sites in MM have significantly different effects on prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xuan Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Jingxuan He
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Qun Yan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China
| | - Xianghui Liang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
| | - Wenen Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.87 Xiangya Road, Kaifu District, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, China.
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7
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Strange CD, Marom EM, Ahuja J, Shroff GS, Gladish GW, Carter BW, Truong MT. Imaging of Malignant Pleural, Pericardial, and Peritoneal Mesothelioma. Adv Anat Pathol 2023; 30:280-291. [PMID: 36395181 DOI: 10.1097/pap.0000000000000386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is a rare tumor arising from the mesothelial cells that line the pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, and tunica vaginalis. Imaging plays a primary role in the diagnosis, staging, and management of malignant mesothelioma. Multimodality imaging, including radiography, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT), is used in a variety of scenarios, including diagnosis, guidance for tissue sampling, staging, and reassessment of disease after therapy. CT is the primary imaging modality used in staging. MRI has superior contrast resolution compared with CT and can add value in terms of determining surgical resectability in equivocal cases. MRI can further assess the degree of local invasion, particularly into the mediastinum, chest wall, and diaphragm, for malignant pleural and pericardial mesotheliomas. FDG PET/CT plays a role in the diagnosis and staging of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) and has been shown to be more accurate than CT, MRI, and PET alone in the staging of malignant pleural mesothelioma. PET/CT can also be used to target lesions for biopsy and to assess prognosis, treatment response, and tumor recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Strange
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Edith M Marom
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Jitesh Ahuja
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Girish S Shroff
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Gregory W Gladish
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Brett W Carter
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Mylene T Truong
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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8
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Sato Y, Elbadawy M, Suzuki K, Tsunedomi R, Nagano H, Ishihara Y, Yamamoto H, Azakami D, Uchide T, Nabeta R, Fukushima R, Abugomaa A, Kaneda M, Yamawaki H, Shinohara Y, Usui T, Sasaki K. Establishment of an experimental model of canine malignant mesothelioma organoid culture using a three-dimensional culture method. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 162:114651. [PMID: 37030135 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine malignant mesothelioma (cMM) is a rare and drug-resistant malignant tumor. Due to few patients and experimental models, there have not been enough studies to demonstrate the pathogenesis of the disease and novel effective treatment for cMM. Since cMM resembles human MM (hMM) in histopathological characteristics, it is also considered a promising research model of hMM. Compared with conventional 2-dimensional (2D) culture methods, 3-dimensional (3D) organoid culture can recapitulate the properties of original tumor tissues. However, cMM organoids have never been developed. In the present study, we for the first time generated cMM organoids using the pleural effusion samples. Organoids from individual MM dogs were successfully generated. They exhibited the characteristics of MM and expressed mesothelial cell markers, such as WT-1 and mesothelin. The sensitivity to anti-cancer drugs was different in each strain of cMM organoids. RNA sequencing analysis showed cell adhesion molecule pathways were specifically upregulated in cMM organoids compared with their corresponding 2D cultured cells. Among these genes, the expression level of E-cadherin was drastically higher in the organoids than that in the 2D cells. In conclusion, our established cMM organoids might become a new experimental tool to provide new insights into canine and human MM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yomogi Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Mohamed Elbadawy
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University, 13736, Moshtohor, Toukh, Elqaliobiya, Egypt.
| | - Kazuhiko Suzuki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Toxicology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryouichi Tsunedomi
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Nagano
- Department of Gastroenterological, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Minami-Kogushi, Ube, Yamaguchi 755-8505, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ishihara
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Haru Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Daigo Azakami
- Laboratory of Veterinary Clinical Oncology, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Uchide
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Rina Nabeta
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Ryuji Fukushima
- Animal Medical Emergency Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakamachi, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Amira Abugomaa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, 35516 Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Kaneda
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, 35-1, Higashi 23 ban-cho, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Yuta Shinohara
- Pet Health & Food Division, Iskara Industry CO., LTD, 1-14-2, Nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0027, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Sasaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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9
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Avramescu ML, Potiszil C, Kunihiro T, Okabe K, Nakamura E. An investigation of the internal morphology of asbestos ferruginous bodies: constraining their role in the onset of malignant mesothelioma. Part Fibre Toxicol 2023; 20:19. [PMID: 37150820 PMCID: PMC10165766 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-023-00522-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asbestos is a fibrous mineral that was widely used in the past. However, asbestos inhalation is associated with an aggressive type of cancer known as malignant mesothelioma (MM). After inhalation, an iron-rich coat forms around the asbestos fibres, together the coat and fibre are termed an "asbestos ferruginous body" (AFB). AFBs are the main features associated with asbestos-induced MM. Whilst several studies have investigated the external morphology of AFBs, none have characterised the internal morphology. Here, cross-sections of multiple AFBs from two smokers and two non-smokers are compared to investigate the effects of smoking on the onset and growth of AFBs. Morphological and chemical observations of AFBs were undertaken by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy and selected area diffraction. RESULTS The AFBs of all patients were composed of concentric layers of 2-line or 6-line ferrihydrite, with small spherical features being observed on the outside of the AFBs and within the cross-sections. The spherical components are of a similar size to Fe-rich inclusions found within macrophages from mice injected with asbestos fibres in a previous study. As such, the spherical components composing the AFBs may result from the deposition of Fe-rich inclusions during frustrated phagocytosis. The AFBs were also variable in terms of their Fe, P and Ca abundances, with some layers recording higher Fe concentrations (dense layers), whilst others lower Fe concentrations (porous layers). Furthermore, smokers were found to have smaller and overall denser AFBs than non-smokers. CONCLUSIONS The AFBs of smokers and non-smokers show differences in their morphology, indicating they grew in lung environments that experienced disparate conditions. Both the asbestos fibres of smokers and non-smokers were likely subjected to frustrated phagocytosis and accreted mucopolysaccharides, resulting in Fe accumulation and AFB formation. However, smokers' AFBs experienced a more uniform Fe-supply within the lung environment compared to non-smokers, likely due to Fe complexation from cigarette smoke, yielding denser, smaller and more Fe-rich AFBs. Moreover, the lack of any non-ferrihydrite Fe phases in the AFBs may indicate that the ferritin shell was intact, and that ROS may not be the main driver for the onset of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya-Liliana Avramescu
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, 682-0193, Japan
| | - Christian Potiszil
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, 682-0193, Japan
| | - Tak Kunihiro
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, 682-0193, Japan
| | - Kazunori Okabe
- Bell Land General Hospital, 500-3 Higashiyama, Sakai, Osaka, 599-8247, Japan
| | - Eizo Nakamura
- The Pheasant Memorial Laboratory for Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry, Institute for Planetary Materials, Okayama University, Misasa, Tottori, 682-0193, Japan.
- Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, Tsushima, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan.
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10
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Comitani F, Nash JO, Cohen-Gogo S, Chang AI, Wen TT, Maheshwari A, Goyal B, Tio ES, Tabatabaei K, Mayoh C, Zhao R, Ho B, Brunga L, Lawrence JEG, Balogh P, Flanagan AM, Teichmann S, Huang A, Ramaswamy V, Hitzler J, Wasserman JD, Gladdy RA, Dickson BC, Tabori U, Cowley MJ, Behjati S, Malkin D, Villani A, Irwin MS, Shlien A. Diagnostic classification of childhood cancer using multiscale transcriptomics. Nat Med 2023; 29:656-666. [PMID: 36932241 PMCID: PMC10033451 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The causes of pediatric cancers' distinctiveness compared to adult-onset tumors of the same type are not completely clear and not fully explained by their genomes. In this study, we used an optimized multilevel RNA clustering approach to derive molecular definitions for most childhood cancers. Applying this method to 13,313 transcriptomes, we constructed a pediatric cancer atlas to explore age-associated changes. Tumor entities were sometimes unexpectedly grouped due to common lineages, drivers or stemness profiles. Some established entities were divided into subgroups that predicted outcome better than current diagnostic approaches. These definitions account for inter-tumoral and intra-tumoral heterogeneity and have the potential of enabling reproducible, quantifiable diagnostics. As a whole, childhood tumors had more transcriptional diversity than adult tumors, maintaining greater expression flexibility. To apply these insights, we designed an ensemble convolutional neural network classifier. We show that this tool was able to match or clarify the diagnosis for 85% of childhood tumors in a prospective cohort. If further validated, this framework could be extended to derive molecular definitions for all cancer types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Comitani
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua O Nash
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Laboratory of Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Cohen-Gogo
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Astra I Chang
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Timmy T Wen
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anant Maheshwari
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bipasha Goyal
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Earvin S Tio
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Tabatabaei
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Regis Zhao
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ben Ho
- Laboratory of Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Ledia Brunga
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Petra Balogh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, UK
| | - Adrienne M Flanagan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, UK
- Research Department of Pathology, University College London Cancer Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Annie Huang
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vijay Ramaswamy
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Johann Hitzler
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Program in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan D Wasserman
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Rebecca A Gladdy
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre/Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brendan C Dickson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Uri Tabori
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- The Arthur and Sonia Labatt Brain Tumour Research Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark J Cowley
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sam Behjati
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David Malkin
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anita Villani
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Meredith S Irwin
- Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Adam Shlien
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Laboratory of Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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11
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Bonde A, Singh R, Prasad SR, Kamireddy D, Aggarwal A, Ramani N, Saboo S, Shanbhogue K, Dasyam AK, Katabathina VS. Mesotheliomas and Benign Mesothelial Tumors: Update on Pathologic and Imaging Findings. Radiographics 2023; 43:e220128. [PMID: 36757881 DOI: 10.1148/rg.220128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
A diverse spectrum of benign entities and malignant neoplasms originate from the monotonous mesothelium that lines the serosal membranes of the pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities. The mesothelium of myriad sites shows a common origin from the lateral plate mesoderm; primary mesothelial tumors thus demonstrate similar pathogenesis, imaging findings, and treatment options. Significant changes have been made in the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) classification schemata of the pleural and pericardial tumors on the basis of recent advances in pathology and genetics. While malignant mesotheliomas are biologically aggressive malignancies that occur primarily in patients exposed to asbestos with attendant poor survival rates, well-differentiated papillary mesothelial tumors and adenomatoid tumors charter a benign clinical course with an excellent prognosis. Mesothelioma in situ is a newly characterized entity represented by recurrent unexplained pleural effusions without any identifiable mass at imaging or thoracoscopy. Immunohistochemical markers based on BAP1, MTAP, CDKN2A, and TRAF7 gene mutations help differentiate diffuse mesotheliomas from benign mesothelial proliferations and localized mesotheliomas. Cross-sectional imaging modalities, including US, CT, MRI, and fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT, permit diagnosis and play a major role in staging and assessing surgical resectability. Imaging studies are invaluable in providing noninvasive and quantitative assessment of tumor response in patients with unresectable disease. Owing to significant overlap in patient characteristics and pathomorphology, accurate diagnosis based on advanced histopathology techniques and genetic abnormalities is imperative for optimal management and prognostication. While patients with nonepithelioid pleural mesotheliomas benefit from immunotherapy, novel targeted therapies for CDKN2A-, NF2-, and BAP1-altered mesotheliomas are under consideration. © RSNA, 2023 Quiz questions for this article are available through the Online Learning Center.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva Bonde
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., D.K., A.A., S.S., V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (R.S.); Departments of Radiology (S.R.P.) and Pathology (N.R.), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex; Department of Radiology, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY (K.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (A.K.D.)
| | - Ramandeep Singh
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., D.K., A.A., S.S., V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (R.S.); Departments of Radiology (S.R.P.) and Pathology (N.R.), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex; Department of Radiology, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY (K.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (A.K.D.)
| | - Srinivasa R Prasad
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., D.K., A.A., S.S., V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (R.S.); Departments of Radiology (S.R.P.) and Pathology (N.R.), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex; Department of Radiology, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY (K.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (A.K.D.)
| | - Dhiraj Kamireddy
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., D.K., A.A., S.S., V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (R.S.); Departments of Radiology (S.R.P.) and Pathology (N.R.), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex; Department of Radiology, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY (K.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (A.K.D.)
| | - Aarushi Aggarwal
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., D.K., A.A., S.S., V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (R.S.); Departments of Radiology (S.R.P.) and Pathology (N.R.), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex; Department of Radiology, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY (K.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (A.K.D.)
| | - Nisha Ramani
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., D.K., A.A., S.S., V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (R.S.); Departments of Radiology (S.R.P.) and Pathology (N.R.), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex; Department of Radiology, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY (K.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (A.K.D.)
| | - Sachin Saboo
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., D.K., A.A., S.S., V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (R.S.); Departments of Radiology (S.R.P.) and Pathology (N.R.), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex; Department of Radiology, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY (K.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (A.K.D.)
| | - Krishna Shanbhogue
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., D.K., A.A., S.S., V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (R.S.); Departments of Radiology (S.R.P.) and Pathology (N.R.), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex; Department of Radiology, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY (K.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (A.K.D.)
| | - Anil K Dasyam
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., D.K., A.A., S.S., V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (R.S.); Departments of Radiology (S.R.P.) and Pathology (N.R.), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex; Department of Radiology, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY (K.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (A.K.D.)
| | - Venkata S Katabathina
- From the Department of Radiology, University of Texas Health at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr, San Antonio, TX 78229 (A.B., D.K., A.A., S.S., V.S.K.); Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Mass (R.S.); Departments of Radiology (S.R.P.) and Pathology (N.R.), University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Tex; Department of Radiology, NYU Medical Center, New York, NY (K.S.); and Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa (A.K.D.)
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12
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The first historical description of malignant mesotheliomas. Lung Cancer 2022; 174:57-59. [PMID: 36334357 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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13
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Zhang B, Ding Y, Ren X, Song C, Zhang X, Wang F, Yang X. Congenital diaphragmatic eventration with pulmonary dysplasia in frasier due to a WT1 mutation of c.1432+5(IVS9)G>A. Eur J Med Genet 2022; 65:104655. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2022.104655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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14
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Germano DPJ, Johnston ST, Crampin EJ, Osborne JM. Modelling realistic 3D deformations of simple epithelia in dynamic homeostasis. Math Biosci 2022; 352:108895. [PMID: 36037860 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2022.108895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of tissue and organ structures during dynamic homeostasis is often not well understood. In order for a system to be stable, cell renewal, cell migration and cell death must be finely balanced. Moreover, a tissue's shape must remain relatively unchanged. Simple epithelial tissues occur in various structures throughout the body, such as the endothelium, mesothelium, linings of the lungs, saliva and thyroid glands, and gastrointestinal tract. Despite the prevalence of simple epithelial tissues, there are few models which accurately describe how these tissues maintain a stable structure. Here, we present a novel, 3D, deformable, multilayer, cell-centre model of a simple epithelium. Cell movement is governed by the minimisation of a bending potential across the epithelium, cell-cell adhesion, and viscous effects. We show that the model is capable of maintaining a consistent tissue structure while undergoing self renewal. We also demonstrate the model's robustness under tissue renewal, cell migration and cell removal. The model presented here is a valuable advancement towards the modelling of tissues and organs with complex and generalised structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenic P J Germano
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Stuart T Johnston
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Edmund J Crampin
- Systems Biology Laboratory, School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia; School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - James M Osborne
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
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15
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Substance GP-2250 as a New Therapeutic Agent for Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma—A 3-D In Vitro Study. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137293. [PMID: 35806313 PMCID: PMC9267014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma is a rare tumor entity. Although cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy have increased overall survival, its prognosis remains poor. Established chemotherapeutics include mitomycin C (MMC) and cisplatin (CP), both characterized by severe side effects. GP-2250 is a novel antineoplastic agent, currently under clinical investigation. This in vitro study aims to investigate effects of GP-2250 including combinations with CP and MMC on malignant mesothelioma. JL-1 and MSTO-211H mesothelioma cell lines were treated with increasing doses of GP-2250, CP, MMC and combination therapies of GP-2250 + CP/MMC. Microscopic effects were documented, and a flow-cytometric apoptosis/necrosis assay was performed. Synergistic and antagonistic effects were analyzed by computing the combination index by Chou-Talalay. GP-2250 showed an antiadhesive effect on JL-1 and MSTO-211H spheroids. It had a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on both monolayer and spheroid cultured cells, inducing apoptosis and necrosis. Combination treatments of GP-2250 with MMC and CP led to significant reductions of the effective doses of CP/MMC. Synergistic and additive effects were observed. GP-2250 showed promising antineoplastic effects on malignant mesothelioma cells in vitro especially in combination with CP/MMC. This forms the basis for further in vivo and clinical investigations in order to broaden treatment options.
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16
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ŞİMŞEK M, IŞIK U, GÜRBÜZ O. Malign mezotelyomada kemoterapi uygulamaları. EGE TIP DERGISI 2022. [DOI: 10.19161/etd.1085601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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17
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Perveen S, Frigeni M, Benveniste H, Kurepa D. Cellular, molecular, and metabolic aspects of developing lungs in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:932463. [PMID: 36458148 PMCID: PMC9706094 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.932463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shahana Perveen
- Department Pediatrics, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, New York, NY, United States.,Department of pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States.,Department Pediatrics/Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
| | - Marta Frigeni
- Department of pediatrics, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra-Northwell, Hempstead, NY, United States
| | | | - Dalibor Kurepa
- Department Pediatrics/Neonatal Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, United States
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18
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Strange CD, Shroff GS, Ahuja J, Vlahos I, Benveniste MFK, Truong MT. Imaging of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma: Pearls and Pitfalls. Semin Ultrasound CT MR 2021; 42:542-551. [PMID: 34895610 DOI: 10.1053/j.sult.2021.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma is a rare tumor arising from the pleural mesothelial cells. Imaging plays a crucial role in the diagnosis, staging, and management of patients with mesothelioma. Accurate staging to stratify patients into homogeneous groups is required to evaluate the effectiveness of multimodality therapeutic regimens. CT and PET/CT are recommended for the initial staging of MPM. MRI adds value to further assess invasion of the tumor into the diaphragm, chest wall, and mediastinum. This review will discuss pearls and pitfalls in the imaging of mesothelioma with emphasis on the roles of CT, MRI, and PET/CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Strange
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Girish S Shroff
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Jitesh Ahuja
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ioannis Vlahos
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Mylene T Truong
- Department of Thoracic Imaging, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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19
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Tokarz DA, Gruebbel MM, Willson GA, Hardisty JF, Pearse G, Cesta MF. Spontaneous Primary Pleural Mesothelioma in Fischer 344 (F344) and Other Rat Strains: A Retrospective Review. Toxicol Pathol 2021; 50:167-175. [PMID: 34727809 DOI: 10.1177/01926233211053631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Spontaneous primary pleural mesotheliomas in Fischer 344 (F344) or other rat strains have rarely been reported. The objectives of this retrospective study were to develop historical incidence data and better characterize the light-microscopic morphology of these naturally occurring neoplasms in a large cohort of rats of several strains. A retrospective review was performed of National Toxicology Program (NTP) studies in rats conducted between 1980 and 2019 and comprising a total of 104,029 rats (51,326 males, 52,703 females), predominantly (90%) of the F344 strain. Of the 94,062 F344 rats surveyed, there were 30 cases of primary pleural mesotheliomas (22 males, 8 females). Of the 2998 Wistar Han rats surveyed, primary pleural mesotheliomas were present in 2 male rats. No primary pleural mesotheliomas were noted in male and female rats of other strains (6669 Sprague Dawley; 300 Osborne-Mendel). All primary pleural mesotheliomas in control and treated F344 and Wistar Han rats were considered spontaneous and unrelated to treatment. Based on light-microscopic evaluation of paraffin-embedded hematoxylin and eosin stained sections, only epithelioid and biphasic histologic subtypes were observed: 18 and 12 in F344 rats, respectively, and one each in Wistar Han rats. No sarcomatoid subtype cases were noted in any strain of rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debra A Tokarz
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Jerry F Hardisty
- Experimental Pathology Laboratories, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Gail Pearse
- Non-Clinical Safety, In Vitro In Vivo Translation, GSK, Hertfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - Mark F Cesta
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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20
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Cioce M, Canino C, Pass H, Blandino G, Strano S, Fazio VM. Arachidonic acid drives adaptive responses to chemotherapy-induced stress in malignant mesothelioma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:344. [PMID: 34727953 PMCID: PMC8561918 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background High resistance to therapy and poor prognosis characterizes malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). In fact, the current lines of treatment, based on platinum and pemetrexed, have limited impact on the survival of MPM patients. Adaptive response to therapy-induced stress involves complex rearrangements of the MPM secretome, mediated by the acquisition of a senescence-associated-secretory-phenotype (SASP). This fuels the emergence of chemoresistant cell subpopulations, with specific gene expression traits and protumorigenic features. The SASP-driven rearrangement of MPM secretome takes days to weeks to occur. Thus, we have searched for early mediators of such adaptive process and focused on metabolites differentially released in mesothelioma vs mesothelial cell culture media, after treatment with pemetrexed. METHODS Mass spectrometry-based (LC/MS and GC/MS) identification of extracellular metabolites and unbiased statistical analysis were performed on the spent media of mesothelial and mesothelioma cell lines, at steady state and after a pulse with pharmacologically relevant doses of the drug. ELISA based evaluation of arachidonic acid (AA) levels and enzyme inhibition assays were used to explore the role of cPLA2 in AA release and that of LOX/COX-mediated processing of AA. QRT-PCR, flow cytometry analysis of ALDH expressing cells and 3D spheroid growth assays were employed to assess the role of AA at mediating chemoresistance features of MPM. ELISA based detection of p65 and IkBalpha were used to interrogate the NFkB pathway activation in AA-treated cells. RESULTS We first validated what is known or expected from the mechanism of action of the antifolate. Further, we found increased levels of PUFAs and, more specifically, arachidonic acid (AA), in the transformed cell lines treated with pemetrexed. We showed that pharmacologically relevant doses of AA tightly recapitulated the rearrangement of cell subpopulations and the gene expression changes happening in pemetrexed -treated cultures and related to chemoresistance. Further, we showed that release of AA following pemetrexed treatment was due to cPLA2 and that AA signaling impinged on NFkB activation and largely affected anchorage-independent, 3D growth and the resistance of the MPM 3D cultures to the drug. CONCLUSIONS AA is an early mediator of the adaptive response to pem in chemoresistant MPM and, possibly, other malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Cioce
- Department of Medicine, R.U. in Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128, Rome, Italy.
| | - Claudia Canino
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.,Radiation Oncology Unit, UPMC Hillmann Cancer Center, San Pietro Hospital FBF, Rome, Italy
| | - Harvey Pass
- Division of General Thoracic Surgery, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, NYU Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Giovanni Blandino
- Oncogenomic and Epigenetic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Strano
- SAFU Unit, Department of Research, Diagnosis and Innovative Technologies, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, 00144, Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Michele Fazio
- Department of Medicine, R.U. in Molecular Medicine and Biotechnology, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128, Rome, Italy. .,Institute of Translational Pharmacology, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 00133, Rome, Italy. .,Laboratory of Oncology, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.
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21
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Gilbert RM, Schappell LE, Gleghorn JP. Defective mesothelium and limited physical space are drivers of dysregulated lung development in a genetic model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Development 2021; 148:dev199460. [PMID: 34015093 PMCID: PMC8180258 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is a developmental disorder associated with diaphragm defects and lung hypoplasia. The etiology of CDH is complex and its clinical presentation is variable. We investigated the role of the pulmonary mesothelium in dysregulated lung growth noted in the Wt1 knockout mouse model of CDH. Loss of WT1 leads to intrafetal effusions, altered lung growth, and branching defects prior to normal closure of the diaphragm. We found significant differences in key genes; however, when Wt1 null lungs were cultured ex vivo, growth and branching were indistinguishable from wild-type littermates. Micro-CT imaging of embryos in situ within the uterus revealed a near absence of space in the dorsal chest cavity, but no difference in total chest cavity volume in Wt1 null embryos, indicating a redistribution of pleural space. The altered space and normal ex vivo growth suggest that physical constraints are contributing to the CDH lung phenotype observed in this mouse model. These studies emphasize the importance of examining the mesothelium and chest cavity as a whole, rather than focusing on single organs in isolation to understand early CDH etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel M. Gilbert
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716,USA
| | - Laurel E. Schappell
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716,USA
| | - Jason P. Gleghorn
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716,USA
- Departments of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716,USA
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22
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Role of the Epicardium in the Development of the Atrioventricular Valves and Its Relevance to the Pathogenesis of Myxomatous Valve Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2021; 8:jcdd8050054. [PMID: 34066253 PMCID: PMC8152025 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd8050054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Adriana "Adri" Gittenberger-de Groot and in appreciation of her work in the field of developmental cardiovascular biology and the legacy that she has left behind. During her impressive career, Dr. Gittenberger-de Groot studied many aspects of heart development, including aspects of cardiac valve formation and disease and the role of the epicardium in the formation of the heart. In this contribution, we review some of the work on the role of epicardially-derived cells (EPDCs) in the development of the atrioventricular valves and their potential involvement in the pathogenesis of myxomatous valve disease (MVD). We provide an overview of critical events in the development of the atrioventricular junction, discuss the role of the epicardium in these events, and illustrate how interfering with molecular mechanisms that are involved in the epicardial-dependent formation of the atrioventricular junction leads to a number of abnormalities. These abnormalities include defects of the AV valves that resemble those observed in humans that suffer from MVD. The studies demonstrate the importance of the epicardium for the proper formation and maturation of the AV valves and show that the possibility of epicardial-associated developmental defects should be taken into consideration when determining the genetic origin and pathogenesis of MVD.
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23
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Mohamed IZB, Idle M, Bates T, Yahya S. Tongue: the unusual site in malignant pleural mesothelioma. BMJ Case Rep 2021; 14:e241166. [PMID: 33846190 PMCID: PMC8048009 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-241166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesotheliomas (MMs) are malignancies of the mesothelium, with primary deposits originating in the pleura, peritoneum, pericardium and the tunica vaginalis (ie, testicular). Metastatic spread is commonly reported to affect the liver, adrenal glands, kidney and contralateral lung (in cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma). Metastases to distant sites are uncommon. Spread to the oral cavity in particular is very rare. A total of 23 cases of metastatic spread to the oral cavity have been reported in the literature to date; of those, 9 cases have been to the tongue. Given the rarity of the site of metastasis, the management remains challenging. This case highlights a rare site of metastasis in MM, discusses treatment options available and briefly talks about technical limitations in treating a mobile structure such as the tongue. Good palliative and supportive care is crucial in managing cases where no curative treatment is possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iskandar Zulqarnain Bin Mohamed
- Department of Healthcare for Older People, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Matthew Idle
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Timothy Bates
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sundus Yahya
- The Cancer Centre, Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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24
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OCAK B, ŞAHİN AB. The benefit of surgery on survival for patients with stage 1 and 2 malignant pleural mesothelioma. DICLE MEDICAL JOURNAL 2020. [DOI: 10.5798/dicletip.850203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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25
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MacMillan M, Roy B, McLaren S, Nowak AK, Thomas R, Lee YCG. Widespread pulmonary invasion by malignant pleural mesothelioma: an important diagnostic consideration. Respirol Case Rep 2020; 8:e00675. [PMID: 33133607 PMCID: PMC7586108 DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a rare case of early and extensive pulmonary invasion of malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) in a 70-year-old woman. She first presented with a hydropneumothorax and subsequent workup, including video-assisted thoracoscopy (VAT), confirmed MPM. After VAT, she developed dyspnoea, cough, and widespread pulmonary infiltrates of uncertain aetiology. These infiltrates progressed over the following months, failed to respond to antibiotics, and were strongly fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-avid on positron emission tomography (PET). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) yielded extremely viscous fluid containing mesothelioma cells. These cells were also found in the sputum when nebulized deoxyribonuclease (DNase) was trialled to enhance clearance of the pulmonary fluid. The patient deteriorated rapidly with progressive mediastinal and contralateral MPM involvement and died one month later. This case highlights the importance of including tumour invasion as a differential diagnosis of non-resolving pulmonary infiltrates in patients with MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia MacMillan
- Department of Respiratory MedicineSir Charles Gairdner HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Bapti Roy
- Department of Respiratory MedicineSir Charles Gairdner HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | | | - Anna K. Nowak
- Department of Medical OncologySir Charles Gairdner HospitalPerthWAAustralia
- National Centre for Asbestos Related DiseasesUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
| | - Rajesh Thomas
- Department of Respiratory MedicineSir Charles Gairdner HospitalPerthWAAustralia
| | - Y. C. Gary Lee
- Department of Respiratory MedicineSir Charles Gairdner HospitalPerthWAAustralia
- Centre for Respiratory Health, School of MedicineUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWAAustralia
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Hong KongHong Kong
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26
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Deepe R, Fitzgerald E, Wolters R, Drummond J, Guzman KD, van den Hoff MJ, Wessels A. The Mesenchymal Cap of the Atrial Septum and Atrial and Atrioventricular Septation. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2020; 7:jcdd7040050. [PMID: 33158164 PMCID: PMC7712865 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd7040050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this publication, dedicated to Professor Robert H. Anderson and his contributions to the field of cardiac development, anatomy, and congenital heart disease, we will review some of our earlier collaborative studies. The focus of this paper is on our work on the development of the atrioventricular mesenchymal complex, studies in which Professor Anderson has played a significant role. We will revisit a number of events relevant to atrial and atrioventricular septation and present new data on the development of the mesenchymal cap of the atrial septum, a component of the atrioventricular mesenchymal complex which, thus far, has received only moderate attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ray Deepe
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.D.); (E.F.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (K.D.G.)
| | - Emily Fitzgerald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.D.); (E.F.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (K.D.G.)
| | - Renélyn Wolters
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.D.); (E.F.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (K.D.G.)
| | - Jenna Drummond
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.D.); (E.F.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (K.D.G.)
| | - Karen De Guzman
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.D.); (E.F.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (K.D.G.)
| | - Maurice J.B. van den Hoff
- Amsterdam UMC, Academic Medical Center, Department of Medical Biology, Meibergdreef 15, 1105AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Andy Wessels
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; (R.D.); (E.F.); (R.W.); (J.D.); (K.D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-843-792-8183
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27
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Proteasomal degradation of polycomb-group protein CBX6 confers MMP-2 expression essential for mesothelioma invasion. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16678. [PMID: 33028834 PMCID: PMC7541533 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aggressive invasiveness of malignant mesothelioma limits cancer therapy, however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the invasiveness remain largely unknown. Here we found that the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) was required for the invasion of mesothelioma cells in the collagen matrix and the gene expression of MMP-2 was correlated with the invasive phenotype. The MMP-2 gene expression was regulated by DNA and histone methylation around the transcription start site, implicating the involvement of the polycomb repressive complex (PRC). Knockdown of PRC component chromobox 6 (CBX6) promoted MMP-2 expression and invasion of mesothelioma cells. Transcriptome analysis suggested that CBX6 regulates sets of genes involved in cancer cell migration and metastasis. In invasive but not non-invasive cells, CBX6 was constantly unstable owing to ubiquitination and protein degradation. In human tissues, CBX6 localized in the nuclei of normal mesothelium and benign mesothelioma, but the nuclear staining of CBX6 was lost in malignant mesothelioma. These results suggest involvement of proteasomal degradation of CBX6 in mesothelioma progression.
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28
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Indovina P, Forte IM, Pentimalli F, Giordano A. Targeting SRC Family Kinases in Mesothelioma: Time to Upgrade. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12071866. [PMID: 32664483 PMCID: PMC7408838 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12071866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a deadly tumor mainly caused by exposure to asbestos. Unfortunately, no current treatment is able to change significantly the natural history of the disease, which has a poor prognosis in the majority of patients. The non-receptor tyrosine kinase SRC and other SRC family kinase (SFK) members are frequently hyperactivated in many cancer types, including MM. Several works have indeed suggested that SFKs underlie MM cell proliferation, survival, motility, and invasion, overall affecting multiple oncogenic pathways. Consistently, SFK inhibitors effectively counteracted MM cancerous features at the preclinical level. Dasatinib, a multi-kinase inhibitor targeting SFKs, was also assessed in clinical trials either as second-line treatment for patients with unresectable MM or, more recently, as a neoadjuvant agent in patients with resectable MM. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms implicating SFKs in MM progression and discuss possible strategies for a more successful clinical application of SFK inhibitors. Our aim is to stimulate discussion and further consideration of these agents in better designed preclinical and clinical studies to make the most of another class of powerful antitumoral drugs, which too often are lost in translation when applied to MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Indovina
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking, National Research Council of Italy (ICAR-CNR), I-80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (P.I.); (F.P.)
| | - Iris Maria Forte
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, I-80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Francesca Pentimalli
- Cell Biology and Biotherapy Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori-IRCCS-Fondazione G. Pascale, I-80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (P.I.); (F.P.)
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19122, USA;
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, I-53100 Siena, Italy
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29
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Finlay CM, Allen JE. The immune response of inbred laboratory mice to Litomosoides sigmodontis: A route to discovery in myeloid cell biology. Parasite Immunol 2020; 42:e12708. [PMID: 32145033 PMCID: PMC7317388 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Litomosoides sigmodontis is the only filarial nematode where the full life cycle, from larval delivery to the skin through to circulating microfilaria, can be completed in immunocompetent laboratory mice. It is thus an invaluable tool for the study of filariasis. It has been used for the study of novel anti‐helminthic therapeutics, the development of vaccines against filariasis, the development of immunomodulatory drugs for the treatment of inflammatory disease and the study of basic immune responses to filarial nematodes. This review will focus on the latter and aims to summarize how the L sigmodontis model has advanced our basic understanding of immune responses to helminths, led to major discoveries in macrophage biology and provided new insights into the immunological functions of the pleural cavity. Finally, and most importantly L sigmodontis represents a suitable platform to study how host genotype affects immune responses, with the potential for further discovery in myeloid cell biology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conor M Finlay
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Judith E Allen
- Lydia Becker Institute for Immunology & Infection, Faculty of Biology, Medicine & Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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30
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Kim K, Ko Y, Oh H, Ha M, Kang J, Kwon EJ, Kang JW, Kim Y, Heo HJ, Kim G, Kim JW, Kim YH. MicroRNA-98 is a prognostic factor for asbestos-induced mesothelioma. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2020; 83:126-134. [PMID: 32114955 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2020.1734891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a type of cancer characterized by a short survival time and poor prognosis. Malignant pleural mesothelioma is most frequently associated with exposure to asbestos and other elongated mineral fibers. The aim of this study was to examine molecular differences between asbestos-exposed and non-exposed MPM patients and assess prognostic significances of molecular factors. Clinical and genetic data were downloaded from Cancer Genome Atlas. To identify the molecular differences, Significant Analysis of Microarray method was used. Prognostic significances of differentially expressed genes were confirmed by using Kaplan-Meier curve with the Log-Rank test. Although mRNAs did not exhibit any significant differences between the two patient groups, nine miRNAs were found to be down-regulated in the asbestos-exposed group. The top five pathways most relevant to the selected miRNAs were extracted through pathway enrichment analysis. Survival analysis revealed that high expression of only hsa-miR-98 was significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with asbestos-exposed MPM. Evidence suggests that management of the aggressiveness and progression of asbestos-induced MPM may require high levels of hsa-miR-98 due to its tumor-suppressive role. This study might be helpful in enhancing our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying asbestos-induced MPM and for acquiring greater insights into targeted therapy.Abbreviations: FDR: false discovery rate; MM: malignant mesothelioma; MPM: malignant pleural mesothelioma; mRNA: messenger RNA; miRNA: microRNA; SAM: significance analysis of microarrays; TCGA: the cancer genome atlas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kihun Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeji Ko
- Department of Statistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hyeoncheol Oh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Mihyang Ha
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Junho Kang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Wan Kang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjoo Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Heo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Guanghwi Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Gwanghwamun Center, Korea Medical Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Kim
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kosin University Gospel Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kosin University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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31
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Hinkamp CA, Dalal SN, Butt Y, Cabo Chan AV. Diffuse epithelioid malignant mesothelioma of the pleura presenting as a hydropneumothorax and vertebral body invasion. BMJ Case Rep 2020; 13:13/1/e231987. [PMID: 31900296 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2019-231987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma is an uncommon form of neoplastic transformation of the mesothelial cells that line the serosal surfaces of the body. It most commonly affects the pleura and is often associated with pleural effusions and pleural-based masses. The annual incidence in the United States is only 3300 cases, representing less than 0.3% of all cancers worldwide, although this is likely underestimated. We present a case of diffuse epithelioid malignant pleural mesothelioma in a patient with remote, short-term asbestos exposure complicated by recurrent left-sided hydropneumothoraces and pleural-based invasion of the T12 vertebral body, which represent two rare coexisting complications. This case illustrates the importance of maintaining a broad differential for hydropneumothorax, particularly as the risk factors may be decades removed and the degree of asbestos exposure to induce a malignant mesothelioma may be smaller than has been traditionally thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Andrew Hinkamp
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Shanup N Dalal
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yasmeen Butt
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
| | - Alberto V Cabo Chan
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, USA
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Pippa R, Boffo S, Odero MD, Giordano A. Data mining analysis of the PP2A cell cycle axis in mesothelioma patients. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:5284-5292. [PMID: 31858592 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesothelioma is an aggressive tumor that affects thousands of people every year. The therapeutic options for patients are limited; hence, a better understanding of mesothelioma biology is crucial to improve patient survival. To find new molecular targets and therapeutic strategies related to the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) network, we analyzed the gene expression of known PP2A inhibitors in mesothelioma patient samples. Our analysis disclosed a general overexpression of all PP2A-negative regulators in mesothelioma patients. Moreover, the expression of ANP32E and CIP2A genes, increased in 16% and 11% of cases, positively correlates with the ones of all the other PP2A regulators and the ones of the main cyclins and CDKs, suggesting the existence of a feed-forward loop that might contribute to the mesothelioma progression via PP2A inactivation. Overall, our study indicates the existence of a strategic and targetable axis between PP2A inhibitors (ANP32E and CIP2A) and cell cycle regulators (cyclin B2/CDK1) and provides a valuable rationale for using a personalized combinational therapy approach to improve mesothelioma patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Pippa
- Hematology/Oncology Program, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Silvia Boffo
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Maria D Odero
- University of Navarra, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), Pamplona, Spain.,CIBERONC Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Biochemistry and Genetics Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,IdiSNA, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Medical Biotechnology University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Hinz TK, Heasley LE. Translating mesothelioma molecular genomics and dependencies into precision oncology-based therapies. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 61:11-22. [PMID: 31546009 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare, yet lethal asbestos-induced cancer and despite marked efforts to reduce occupational exposure, the incidence has not yet significantly declined. Since 2003, combined treatment with a platinum-based agent and pemetrexed has been the first-line therapy and no effective or approved second-line treatments have emerged. The seemingly slow advance in developing new MPM treatments does not appear to be related to a low level of clinical and pre-clinical research activity. Rather, we suggest that a key hurdle in successfully translating basic discovery into novel MPM therapeutics is the underlying assumption that as a rare cancer, it will also be molecularly and genetically homogeneous. In fact, lung adenocarcinoma and melanoma only benefitted from precision oncology upon full appreciation of the high degree of molecular heterogeneity inherent in these cancers, especially regarding the diversity of oncogenic drivers. Herein, we consider the recent explosion of molecular and genetic information that has become available regarding MPM and suggest ways in which the unfolding landscape may guide identification of novel therapeutic vulnerabilities within subsets of MPM that can be targeted in a manner consistent with the tenets of precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trista K Hinz
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - Lynn E Heasley
- Department of Craniofacial Biology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States.
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