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Feng B, Li P, Chen D, Ding C. Inhibition activity of tomato endophyte Bacillus velezensis FQ-G3 against postharvest Botrytis cinerea. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024; 69:361-371. [PMID: 37436591 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-023-01075-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Grey mold, caused by Botrytis cinerea, is a widespread and harmful disease of tomato. Biocontrol agents derived from endophytic bacteria are known to hold great potential for inhibition of phytopathogen. We conducted this study to explore the tomato endophytic strains with inhibition activity against B. cinerea. Endophytic strain Bacillus velezensis FQ-G3 exhibited excellent inhibition activity against B. cinerea. Inhibitory effects against B. cinerea were investigated both in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro assays displayed that FQ-G3 could significantly inhibit mycelia growth with inhibition rate of 85.93%, and delay conidia germination of B. cinerea. Tomato fruit inoculated with B. velezensis FQ-G3 revealed lower grey mold during treatment. The antifungal activity was attributed to activation of defense-related enzymes, as evidenced by the higher levels of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, and phenylalanine ammonia lyase in tomatoes after inoculation. In addition, scanning electron microscope was applied to elucidate the interaction between endophytes and pathogen, and bacterial colonization and antibiosis appeared to be the underlying mechanisms that FQ-G3 could suppress growth of B. cinerea. Collectively, our present results suggested that FQ-G3 may potentially be useful as a biocontrol agent in postharvest tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baozhen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Pest Control, Department of Life Science, Yuncheng University, 044000, Yuncheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Pest Control, Department of Life Science, Yuncheng University, 044000, Yuncheng, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dandan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Pest Control, Department of Life Science, Yuncheng University, 044000, Yuncheng, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunshuang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Plant Disease and Pest Control, Department of Life Science, Yuncheng University, 044000, Yuncheng, People's Republic of China
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da Silva NMP, Guterres DC, Borges LS, Barreto RW, Furtado GQ. Surveying potentially antagonistic fungi to myrtle rust (Austropuccinia psidii) in Brazil: fungicolous Cladosporium spp. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1899-1914. [PMID: 37389796 PMCID: PMC10484887 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01047-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The myrtle rust (MR), caused by Austropuccinia psidii, is a worldwide threat to the cultivated and wild Myrtaceae. Originally from the neotropics, it has spread to North America, Africa, and Asia and has reached geographically isolated areas in the Pacific and Australasia. It is attacking native species in those new ranges and is still spreading and causing great concern for the damage caused to endemic Myrtaceae, and to the environment. Classical biological control is regarded as the most sustainable management option for mitigating such biological invasions. However, there are no examples of introductions of host-specific co-evolved natural enemies of plant pathogens, from their native range, as a management strategy for plant pathogens. In order to explore this neglected approach, a survey of potential fungal natural enemies of A. psidii was initiated recently in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil). Several purported mycoparasites have been collected from A. Psidii pustules formed on myrtaceous hosts. This included some isolates of dematiaceous fungi recognized as having a Cladosporium-like morphology. Here we present the results of the investigation aimed at elucidating their identity through a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Besides morphological and cultural features, molecular analyses using sequences of translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1) and actin (ACT) were performed. The combination of data generated is presented herein and placed all Cladosporium-like isolates in six species of Cladosporium, namely, Cladosporium angulosum, C. anthropophilum, C. bambusicola, C. benschii, C. guizhouense, and C. macadamiae. None of these have ever been recorded in association with A. psidii. Now, with the identification of these isolates at hand, an evaluation of biocontrol potential of these fungi will be initiated. In contrast with the ready finding of fungicolous (possibly mycoparasitic) fungi on MR in this study, no evidence of those was recorded from Australasia until now.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Luísa Salvador Borges
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Robert Weingart Barreto
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Gleiber Quintão Furtado
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Lee W, Kim JS, Seo CW, Lee JW, Kim SH, Cho Y, Lim YW. Diversity of Cladosporium (Cladosporiales, Cladosporiaceae) species in marine environments and report on five new species. MycoKeys 2023; 98:87-111. [PMID: 37305062 PMCID: PMC10257140 DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.98.101918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cladosporium species are cosmopolitan fungi, characterized by olivaceous or dark colonies with coronate conidiogenous loci and conidial hila with a central convex dome surrounded by a raised periclinal rim. Cladosporium species have also been discovered in marine environments. Although many studies have been performed on the application of marine originated Cladosporium species, taxonomic studies on these species are scarce. We isolated Cladosporium species from three under-studied habitats (sediment, seawater, and seaweed) in two districts including an intertidal zone in the Republic of Korea and the open sea in the Western Pacific Ocean. Based on multigenetic marker analyses (for the internal transcribed spacer, actin, and translation elongation factor 1), we identified fourteen species, of which five were found to represent new species. These five species were C.lagenariiformesp. nov., C.maltirimosumsp. nov., C.marinumsp. nov. in the C.cladosporioides species complex, C.snafimbriatumsp. nov. in the C.herbarum species complex, and C.marinisedimentumsp. nov. in the C.sphaerospermum species complex. Morphological characteristics of the new species and aspects of differences with the already known species are described herein together with molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonjun Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Ji Seon Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Chang Wan Seo
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Jun Won Lee
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Yoonhee Cho
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Young Woon Lim
- School of Biological Sciences and Institute of Microbiology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of KoreaSeoul National UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
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Yang Y, Luo W, Zhang W, Mridha MAU, Wijesinghe SN, McKenzie EHC, Wang Y. Cladosporium Species Associated with Fruit Trees in Guizhou Province, China. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9020250. [PMID: 36836364 PMCID: PMC9962058 DOI: 10.3390/jof9020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
During an investigation of fungal diversity on fruit trees in Guizhou Province, 23 Cladosporium strains were isolated from various locations in Guizhou Province. Culture characteristics, morphology and molecular phylogenetic analysis of three genetic markers, namely, the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS) of the rDNA, partial fragments of actin (act), and the translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-ɑ) loci were used to characterize these isolates. Seven new Cladosporium species and new host records for five other species were introduced, with detailed descriptions and illustrations. This study showed that there is a rich diversity of Cladosporium spp. in fruit trees in Guizhou Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanqiao Yang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wenmei Luo
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Wensong Zhang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | | | | | | | - Yong Wang
- Department of Plant Pathology, Agriculture College, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: or
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O’Connor JB, Wagner BD, Harris JK, Frank DN, Clabots DE, Laguna TA. Detection and identification of fungi in the lower airway of children with and without cystic fibrosis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1119703. [PMID: 36846802 PMCID: PMC9948248 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1119703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Airway infection and inflammation lead to the progression of obstructive lung disease in persons with cystic fibrosis (PWCF). However, cystic fibrosis (CF) fungal communities, known drivers of CF pathophysiology, remain poorly understood due to the shortcomings of traditional fungal culture. Our objective was to apply a novel small subunit rRNA gene (SSU-rRNA) sequencing approach to characterize the lower airway mycobiome in children with and without CF. Methods Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples and relevant clinical data were collected from pediatric PWCF and disease control (DC) subjects. Total fungal load (TFL) was measured using quantitative PCR, and SSU-rRNA sequencing was used for mycobiome characterization. Results were compared across groups, and Morisita-Horn clustering was performed. Results 161 (84%) of the BALF samples collected had sufficient load for SSU-rRNA sequencing, with amplification being more common in PWCF. BALF from PWCF had increased TFL and increased neutrophilic inflammation compared to DC subjects. PWCF exhibited increased abundance of Aspergillus and Candida, while Malassezia, Cladosporium, and Pleosporales were prevalent in both groups. CF and DC samples showed no clear differences in clustering when compared to each other or to negative controls. SSU-rRNA sequencing was used to profile the mycobiome in pediatric PWCF and DC subjects. Notable differences were observed between the groups, including the abundance of Aspergillus and Candida. Discussion Fungal DNA detected in the airway could represent a combination of pathogenic fungi and environmental exposure (e.g., dust) to fungus indicative of a common background signature. Next steps will require comparisons to airway bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B. O’Connor
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,*Correspondence: John B. O’Connor, ✉
| | - Brandie D. Wagner
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - J. Kirk Harris
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Daniel N. Frank
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Diana E. Clabots
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, United States,Department of Internal Medicine, Palmetto General Hospital, Hialeah, FL, United States
| | - Theresa A. Laguna
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States,Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States
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Prasannath K, Galea VJ, Akinsanmi OA. Sources, Detection, and Inoculum Quantification of Flower Blight Pathogens in Macadamia. PHYTOPATHOLOGY 2022; 112:2151-2158. [PMID: 35585722 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-08-21-0365-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dry flower disease caused by Pestalotiopsis/Neopestalotiopsis spp., green mold caused by Cladosporium spp., and gray mold caused by Botrytis spp., collectively known as flower blight cause significant yield losses in macadamia. Potential sources of inoculum of the various pathogens in macadamia tree canopy were examined using pathogenicity tests and a multiplex quantitative PCR (qPCR) assay developed in this study. The qPCR assay detected and quantified the relative abundance of the inoculum of flower blight pathogens. The assay revealed that remnant racemes contributed a high amount of inoculum of all the three groups of flower blight pathogens, while the yellow halo leaf spot contributed only Pestalotiopsis/Neopestalotiopsis species. The amount of conidia per gram of remnant racemes ranged from 7 × 103 to 2 × 104 for dry flower disease, 3 × 103 to 1 × 104 for green mold, and 5 to 8 × 103 for gray mold pathogens. Conidia of Pestalotiopsis/Neopestalotiopsis species quantified from leaf spots varied from 1 × 102 to 1 × 103 per cm2. Pathogenicity tests performed on developing racemes under field conditions, using conidial suspensions from both sources of inoculum (remnant racemes and yellow halo leaf spot), resulted in severe flower bight symptoms. Disease severity was not significantly different (P > 0.05) when remnant racemes were incubated directly with the developing racemes compared with inoculation with conidial suspension from the material. This suggests that racemes from preceding seasons that remain in the tree canopy carryover inoculum between seasons and should be removed as a control option for flower blights in macadamia orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandeeparoopan Prasannath
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Horticultural Science, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Victor J Galea
- The University of Queensland, School of Agriculture & Food Sciences, Gatton, QLD 4343, Australia
| | - Olufemi A Akinsanmi
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture & Food Innovation, Centre for Horticultural Science, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
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Li X, Leng J, Yu L, Bai H, Li X, Wisniewski M, Liu J, Sui Y. Efficacy of the biocontrol agent Trichoderma hamatum against Lasiodiplodia theobromae on macadamia. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:994422. [PMID: 36118222 PMCID: PMC9470996 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.994422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Macadamia (Macadamia integrifolia) trees are an important source of revenue in rainforest ecosystems. Their nuts are rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, antioxidants, and monounsaturated oils. The fungus Lasiodiplodia theobromae, however, is a major disease problem, causing kernel rot and other disease symptoms. In the present study, a dual confrontation assay was used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of an endophytic strain of Trichoderma hamatum C9 from macadamia root against L. theobromae. Volatiles and cell-free culture filtrate of T. hamatum were also used to assess their antifungal activity against L. theobromae. Results suggested that T. hamatum exhibited a significant inhibitory effect against L. theobromae in vitro. Further results of a biocontrol assay indicated that a spray treatment of T. hamatum conidial suspension significantly decreased the size of lesions caused by artificially inoculated L. theobromae on macadamia leaves, as well as the disease index in young trees inoculated with L. theobromae, relative to sterile water controls. Collectively, our findings indicate that T. hamatum C9 represents a potential biocontrol agent that can be used to manage L. theobromae on macadamia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiao Li
- School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, West Yunnan University, Lincang, China
| | - Jinsong Leng
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, China
| | - Longfeng Yu
- School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, West Yunnan University, Lincang, China
- *Correspondence: Longfeng Yu,
| | | | - Xiaojun Li
- School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, West Yunnan University, Lincang, China
| | - Michael Wisniewski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Jia Liu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, China
- Jia Liu,
| | - Yuan Sui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Biotechnology, College of Landscape Architecture and Life Science/Institute of Special Plants, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, Yongchuan, China
- Yuan Sui,
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