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Adli Azizman MS, Azhari AW, Ibrahim N, Che Halin DS, Sepeai S, Ludin NA, Md Nor MN, Ho LN. Mixed cations tin-germanium perovskite: A promising approach for enhanced solar cell applications. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29676. [PMID: 38665575 PMCID: PMC11044053 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant progress has been made over the years to improve the stability and efficiency of rapidly evolving tin-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs). One powerful approach to enhance the performance of these PSCs is through compositional engineering techniques, specifically by incorporating a mixed cation system at the A-site and B-site structure of the tin perovskite. These approaches will pave the way for unlocking the full potential of tin-based PSCs. Therefore, in this study, a theoretical investigation of mixed A-cations (FA, MA, EA, Cs) with a tin-germanium-based PSC was presented. The crystal structure distortion and optoelectronic properties were estimated. SCAPS 1-D simulations were employed to predict the photovoltaic performance of the optimized tin-germanium material using different electron transport layers (ETLs), hole transport layers (HTLs), active layer thicknesses, and cell temperatures. Our findings reveal that EA0.5Cs0.5Sn0.5Ge0.5I3 has a nearly cubic structure (t = 0.99) and a theoretical bandgap within the maximum Shockley-Queisser limit (1.34 eV). The overall cell performance is also improved by optimizing the perovskite layer thickness to 1200 nm, and it exhibits remarkable stability as the temperature increases. The short-circuit current density (Jsc) remains consistent around 33.7 mA/cm2, and the open-circuit voltage (Voc) is well-maintained above 1 V by utilizing FTO as the conductive layer, ZnO as the ETL, Cu2O as the HTL, and Au as the metal back contact. This configuration also achieves a high fill factor ranging from 87 % to 88 %, with the highest power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 31.49 % at 293 K. This research contributes to the advancement of tin-germanium perovskite materials for a wide range of optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Saiful Adli Azizman
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Jalan Kangar-Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Jalan Kangar-Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Ayu Wazira Azhari
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Jalan Kangar-Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Jalan Kangar-Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Naimah Ibrahim
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Jalan Kangar-Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Jalan Kangar-Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Dewi Suriyani Che Halin
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Jalan Kangar-Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Center of Excellence for Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, (UniMAP), 02600, Jalan Kangar-Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Suhaila Sepeai
- Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Norasikin Ahmad Ludin
- Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Nuzaihan Md Nor
- Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Li Ngee Ho
- Center of Excellence for Water Research and Environmental Sustainability Growth (WAREG), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Jalan Kangar-Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Jalan Kangar-Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
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Jiang S, Liu M, Zhao D, Guo Y, Fu J, Lei Y, Zhang Y, Zheng Z. Doping strategies for inorganic lead-free halide perovskite solar cells: progress and challenges. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4794-4811. [PMID: 38259226 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp05444f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, remarkable advancements have been achieved in the field of halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the commercialization of PSCs has been impeded by challenges such as Pb leakage and the instability of hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs). Hence, the future lies in the development of environmentally friendly inorganic lead-free halide perovskites (LFHPs) based on elements like Sn, Ge, Bi, Sb, and Cu, which show great promise for photovoltaic applications. However, LFHP photovoltaic cells still face challenges such as low efficiency, poor film quality, and stability in comparison to HOIPs. These limitations significantly hinder their further development. To address these issues, element doping strategies, including cationic and anionic doping, as well as the use of additives, are frequently employed. These strategies aim to improve film quality, passivate defects, reduce the band gap, and enhance device performance and stability. In this paper, we aim to provide a comprehensive review of the recent research progress in doping strategies for LFHPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Jiang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China.
| | - Manying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China.
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China.
| | - Yanru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China.
| | - Junjie Fu
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China.
| | - Yan Lei
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China.
| | - Yange Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China.
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion of Henan Province, Institute of Surface Micro and Nano Materials, College of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Xuchang University, Henan 461000, China.
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Afridi K, Noman M, Jan ST. Evaluating the influence of novel charge transport materials on the photovoltaic properties of MASnI 3 solar cells through SCAPS-1D modelling. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2024; 11:231202. [PMID: 38234435 PMCID: PMC10791529 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.231202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
In recent decades, substantial advancements have been made in photovoltaic technologies, leading to impressive power conversion efficiencies (PCE) exceeding 25% in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Tin-based perovskite materials, characterized by their low band gap (1.3 eV), exceptional optical absorption and high carrier mobility, have emerged as promising absorber layers in PSCs. Achieving high performance and stability in PSCs critically depends on the careful selection of suitable charge transport layers (CTLs). This research investigates the effects of five copper-based hole transport materials and two carbon-based electron transport materials in combination with methyl ammonium tin iodide (MASnI3) through numerical modelling in SCAPS-1D. The carbon-based CTLs exhibit excellent thermal conductivity and mechanical strength, while the copper-based CTLs demonstrate high electrical conductivity. The study comprehensively analyses the influence of these CTLs on PSC performance, including band alignment, quantum efficiency, thickness, doping concentration, defects and thermal stability. Furthermore, a comparative analysis is conducted on PSC structures employing both p-i-n and n-i-p configurations. The highest-performing PSCs are observed in the inverted structures of CuSCN/MASnI3/C60 and CuAlO2/MASnI3/C60, achieving PCE of 23.48% and 25.18%, respectively. Notably, the planar structures of Cu2O/MASnI3/C60 and CuSbS2/MASnI3/C60 also exhibit substantial PCE, reaching 20.67% and 20.70%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Afridi
- U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Noman
- U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Shayan Tariq Jan
- U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
- Department of Energy Engineering Technology, University of Technology, Nowshera, Pakistan
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Moradi P, Taheri-Nassaj E, Yourdkhani A, Mykhailovych V, Diaconu A, Rotaru A. Dielectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric studies in (1 - x)AgNbO 3- xFeNbO 4 lead-free ceramics. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:17894-17910. [PMID: 37975815 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt02864j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of heterovalent Fe3+ ions on the dielectric, pyroelectric, and ferroelectric properties of the (1 - x)AgNbO3-xFeNbO4 (x = 0.005, 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1) system was investigated. The substitution of smaller ionic radius Fe3+ in B-sites and the formation of FeNbO4 as a secondary phase contributed to improved dielectric performance, especially the pyroelectric effect, of (1 - x)AgNbO3-xFeNbO4 ceramics by generating electron-rich ceramics. The (1 - x)AgNbO3-xFeNbO4 ceramics were prepared by conventional solid-state sintering. Pure AgNbO3 had a perovskite crystal structure with an orthorhombic crystal system, but the FeNbO4 in (1 - x)AgNbO3-xFeNbO4 ceramics was formed as a secondary phase with a monoclinic structure. In addition, the XRD and Raman spectroscopy data showed that some Fe3+ was substituted into B-sites of AgNbO3. The introduction of FeNbO4 effectively reduced the average grain size from 1.85 ± 0.09 μm to 1.22 ± 0.03 μm for pure AgNbO3 and 0.9AgNbO3-0.1FeNbO4, respectively. In addition, the relative density of the (1 - x)AgNbO3-xFeNbO4 ceramics decreased from 97.96% ± 0.01 for x = 0 to 96.75% ± 0.03 for x = 0.1. The real part of the permittivity ε', at room temperature, increased from 186.6 for x = 0 to a value of 738.7 for x = 0.1. Additionally, the maximum pyroelectric coefficient increased fivefold, reaching values of 2270 nC cm-2 K-1 for x = 0.1. Furthermore, a harvested pyroelectric energy density (W) of 1140 μJ cm-3 for x = 0.025 was achieved, which is appreciably higher than the 840 μJ cm-3 value for x = 0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parastoo Moradi
- Department of Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-143, Iran.
| | - Ehsan Taheri-Nassaj
- Department of Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-143, Iran.
| | - Amin Yourdkhani
- Department of Materials Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115-143, Iran.
| | - Vasyl Mykhailovych
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science & MANSiD Research Center, Stefan cel Mare University, 13 Universitatii St, 720229, Suceava, Romania
- Department of General Chemistry and Chemistry of Materials, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, 2, Kotsiubynskyi St, 58002 Chernivtsi, Ukraine
- Physical, Technical and Computer Science Institute, Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, 2, Kotsiubynskyi St, 58002, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
| | - Andrei Diaconu
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science & MANSiD Research Center, Stefan cel Mare University, 13 Universitatii St, 720229, Suceava, Romania
| | - Aurelian Rotaru
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science & MANSiD Research Center, Stefan cel Mare University, 13 Universitatii St, 720229, Suceava, Romania
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Jan ST, Noman M. Comprehensive analysis of heterojunction compatibility of various perovskite solar cells with promising charge transport materials. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19015. [PMID: 37923910 PMCID: PMC10624924 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The allure of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which has captivated the interest of researchers, lies in their versatility to incorporate a wide range of materials within the cell's structure. The compatibility of these materials plays a vital role in the performance enhancement of the PSC. In this study, multiple perovskite materials including FAPbI3, MAGeI3 and MASnI3 are numerically modelled along with the recently emerged kesterite (CBTS, CMTS, and CZTS) and zinc-based (ZnO and CdZnS) charge transport materials. To fully explore the potential of PSCs and comprehend the interplay among these materials, a total of 18 PSC structures are modeled from different material combinations. The impact of band gap, electron affinity, absorption, band alignment, band offset, electric field, recombination rate, thickness, defects, and work function were analyzed in detail through a systematic approach. The reasons for varying performance of different PSCs are also identified. Based on the simulated results, the most suitable charge transport materials are CdZnS/CMTS for FAPbI3 producing a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 22.05%, ZnO/CZTS for MAGeI3 with PCE of 17.28% and ZnO/CBTS for MASnI3 with a PCE of 24.17%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayan Tariq Jan
- U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
- Department of Energy Engineering Technology, University of Technology, Nowshera, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Noman
- U.S.-Pakistan Center for Advanced Studies in Energy, University of Engineering and Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.
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Mehra S, Mamta, Singh V, Gupta G, Srivastava A, Sharma SN. Experimental analysis of methylammonium and Formamidinium-based halide perovskite properties for optoelectronic applications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21701. [PMID: 38027742 PMCID: PMC10651522 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the toxicity of lead in metal-halide perovskites is the most precarious obstruction in the commercialization of perovskite-based optoelectronic devices. However, Pb-free metal halide perovskites as environment-friendly materials because of their exceptional properties, such as band-gap tunability, narrow emission spectra, low toxicity and easy solution-processability, are potential candidates for optoelectronic applications. Recently, literature reported the poor structural stability and low-emission intensity of Bi-based perovskite NCs. Still, this paper focuses on the fabrication of Formamidinium (FA)-based Bi mixed halide and Methylammonium(MA)-based Bi-pure halide perovskites using Ligand-Assisted Reprecipitation Technique (LARP) technique. XRD diffraction patterns of FA-based perovskites were slightly broad, signifying the nanocrystalline form and limited size of perovskite nanocrystals. While the XRD diffraction patterns of MA3Bi2X9 (X = Cl/Br/I) perovskites were narrow, signifying the amorphous nature and larger size of perovskite nanocrystals. The peak positions were varied in MA-based bismuth halide perovskites with respect to the halide variation from Br to Cl to I ions. The optical study shows the variation in band gap and average lifetime with respect to halide variation leading to enhanced optical properties for device applications. The band-gap of FA3Bi2BrxCl1-x & FA3Bi2IxCl1-x perovskites was calculated to be around 3.7 & 3.8 eV, respectively, while in MA-halide perovskites the band-gap was calculated to be 2.8 eV, 3.1 eV & 3.4 eV with respect to halide variation from I to Cl to Br in perovskite samples using Tauc's plot respectively. Moreover, simulation is carried out using the SCAPS-1D software to study the various parameters in MA & FA-based Bi-pure or mixed halide perovskites. Here, we discussed the variation in efficiency with respect to the thickness variation from 100 to 500 nm for MA3Bi2I9 halide perovskites. These MA3Bi2I9 halide perovskites show minimum efficiency of 4.65 % at 100 nm thickness, while the perovskite sample exhibits maximum efficiency of 10.32 % at 500 nm thickness. Thus, the results stated that the thickness of absorber layers directly affects the device characteristics for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali Mehra
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. KS Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Mamta
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. KS Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - V.N. Singh
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. KS Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Govind Gupta
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. KS Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - A.K. Srivastava
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. KS Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
- CSIR- Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Shailesh Narain Sharma
- CSIR- National Physical Laboratory, Dr. KS Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
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Topić E, Rubčić M. Structural Insights into Layered Tetrahalocuprates(II) Based on Small Unsaturated and Cyclic Primary Ammonium Cations. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2236. [PMID: 36984117 PMCID: PMC10055728 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Layered hybrid halometallates represent a promising class of multifunctional materials, yet with many open challenges regarding the interaction between building blocks. In this work, we present a synthetic and analytical methodology for the efficient synthesis and structural analysis of a series of novel tetrahalocuprate(II) hybrids based on small alkylammonium cations. Observed robustness in geometrical motifs provided a platform for crystal structure determination, even from the complex laboratory powder diffraction data. The slight differences in inorganic layer geometry and severe differences in organic bilayer packing are quantified using well-established descriptors for these materials, and dependences of geometric parameters on anion and cation choice are accounted for. Temperature dependence of structural parameters for one of the tetrachlorocuprate hybrids that was chosen as a model unveils a possible geometrical origin of thermochromism in these materials.
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Photocatalytic Properties of ZnO:Al/MAPbI3/Fe2O3 Heterostructure: First-Principles Calculations. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054856. [PMID: 36902284 PMCID: PMC10002523 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We report on theoretical investigations of a methylammonium lead halide perovskite system loaded with iron oxide and aluminum zinc oxide (ZnO:Al/MAPbI3/Fe2O3) as a potential photocatalyst. When excited with visible light, this heterostructure is demonstrated to achieve a high hydrogen production yield via a z-scheme photocatalysis mechanism. The Fe2O3: MAPbI3 heterojunction plays the role of an electron donor, favoring the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), and the ZnO:Al compound acts as a shield against ions, preventing the surface degradation of MAPbI3 during the reaction, hence improving the charge transfer in the electrolyte. Moreover, our findings indicate that the ZnO:Al/MAPbI3 heterostructure effectively enhances electrons/holes separation and reduces their recombination, which drastically improves the photocatalytic activity. Based on our calculations, our heterostructure yields a high hydrogen production rate, estimated to be 265.05 μmol/g and 362.99 μmol/g, respectively, for a neutral pH and an acidic pH of 5. These theoretical yield values are very promising and provide interesting inputs for the development of stable halide perovskites known for their superlative photocatalytic properties.
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Kim DB, Jo KS, Park KS, Cho YS. Anion-Dependent Polarization and Piezoelectric Power Generation in Hybrid Halide MAPbX 3 (X = I, Br, and Cl) Thin Films with Out-of-Plane Structural Adjustments. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2204462. [PMID: 36453567 PMCID: PMC9896056 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202204462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Anion-dependent differences in the electromechanical energy harvesting capability of perovskite halides have not been experimentally demonstrated thus far. Herein, anion-dependent piezoelectricity and bending-driven power generation in high-quality methylammonium lead halide MAPbX3 (X = I, Br, and Cl) thin films are explored; additionally, anisotropic in situ strain is imposed to improve energy harvesting under tensile bending. After applying the maximum in situ strain of -0.73% for all the halide thin films, the MAPbI3 thin-film harvester exhibited a peak voltage/current of ≈23.1 V/≈1703 nA as the best values, whereas MAPbBr3 and MAPbCl3 demonstrated ≈5.6 V/≈176 nA and ≈3.3 V/≈141 nA, respectively, under identical bending conditions. Apart from apparent ferroelectricity of tetragonal MAPbI3 , origin of the piezoelectricity in both cubic MAPbBr3 and MAPbCl3 is explored as being related to organic-inorganic hydrogen bonding, lattice distortion, and ionic migration, with experimental supports of effective piezoelectric coefficient and grain boundary potential. Conclusively, piezoelectricity of the cubic halides is assumed to be due to their soft polarity modes and relatively low elastic modulus with vacancies contributing to space-charge polarization. In the case of ferroelectric MAPbI3 , the distortion of PbI6 octahedra and atomic displacement within each octahedron are quantitatively estimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Bin Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
- Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of TorontoTorontoOntarioM5S 3G4Canada
| | - Kyeong Su Jo
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Kwan Sik Park
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Soo Cho
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringYonsei UniversitySeoul03722Republic of Korea
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de Souza Carvalho TA, Magalhaes LF, do Livramento Santos CI, de Freitas TAZ, Carvalho Vale BR, Vale da Fonseca AF, Schiavon MA. Lead-Free Metal Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: From Fundamentals to Applications. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202202518. [PMID: 36206198 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) halide perovskite nanocrystals, with the general formula APbX3 , where A=CH3 NH3+ , CH(NH2 )2+ , or Cs+ and X=Cl- , Br- , or I- , have emerged as a class of materials with promising properties due to their remarkable optical properties and solar cell performance. However, important issues still need to be addressed to enable practical applications of these materials, such as instability, mass production, and Pb toxicity. Recent studies have carried out the replacement of Pb by various less-toxic cations as Sn, Ge, Sb, and Bi. This variety of chemical compositions provide Pb-free perovskite and metal halide nanostructures with a wide spectral range, in addition to being considered less toxic, therefore having greater practical applicability. Highlighting the necessity to address and solve the toxicity problems related to Pb-containing perovskite, this review considers the prospects of the Pb-free perovskite, involving synthesis methods, and properties of them, including advantages, disadvantages, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaís Adriany de Souza Carvalho
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais (DCNat), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brasil
| | - Leticia Ferreira Magalhaes
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais (DCNat), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brasil
| | | | - Thiago Alvares Zamaro de Freitas
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais (DCNat), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brasil
| | - Brener Rodrigo Carvalho Vale
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais (DCNat), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brasil.,Instituto de Física "Gleb Wataghin", Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Unicamp, Campinas, São Paulo, 13083-859, Brasil
| | - André Felipe Vale da Fonseca
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais (DCNat), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brasil
| | - Marco Antônio Schiavon
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais (DCNat), Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei (UFSJ), São João del-Rei, MG, 36301-160, Brasil
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Masawa SM, Bakari R, Xu J, Yao J. Progress and challenges in the fabrication of lead-free all-inorganic perovskites solar cells using solvent and compositional engineering Techniques-A review. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Prabhu S, Bharadwaj DY, Bubbly S, Gudennavar S. Lead-free inorganic metal perovskites beyond photovoltaics: Photon, charged particles and neutron shielding applications. NUCLEAR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.net.2022.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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Improved Power Conversion Efficiency with Tunable Electronic Structures of the Cation-Engineered [Ai]PbI3 Perovskites for Solar Cells: First-Principles Calculations. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113556. [DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher power conversion efficiencies for photovoltaic devices can be achieved through simple and low production cost processing of APbI3(A=CH3NH3,CHN2H4,…) perovskites. Due to their limited long-term stability, however, there is an urgent need to find alternative structural combinations for this family of materials. In this study, we propose to investigate the prospects of cation-substitution within the A-site of the APbI3 perovskite by selecting nine substituting organic and inorganic cations to enhance the stability of the material. The tolerance and the octahedral factors are calculated and reported as two of the most critical geometrical features, in order to assess which perovskite compounds can be experimentally designed. Our results showed an improvement in the thermal stability of the organic cation substitutions in contrast to the inorganic cations, with an increase in the power conversion efficiency of the Hydroxyl-ammonium (NH3OH) substitute to η = 25.84%.
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14
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Powell D, Whittaker-Brooks L. Concepts and principles of self-n-doping in perylene diimide chromophores for applications in biochemistry, energy harvesting, energy storage, and catalysis. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:2026-2052. [PMID: 35670455 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00279e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Self-doping is an essential method of increasing carrier concentrations in organic electronics that eliminates the need to tailor host-dopant miscibility, a necessary step when employing molecular dopants. Self-n-doping can be accomplished using amines or ammonium counterions as an electron source, which are being incorporated into an ever-increasingly diverse range of organic materials spanning many applications. Self-n-doped materials have demonstrated exemplary and, in many cases, benchmark performances in a variety of applications. However, an in-depth review of the method is lacking. Perylene diimide (PDI) chromophores are an important mainstay in the semiconductor literature with well-known structure-function characteristics and are also one of the most widely utilized scaffolds for self-n-doping. In this review, we describe the unique properties of self-n-doped PDIs, delineate structure-function relationships, and discuss self-n-doped PDI performance in a range of applications. In particular, the impact of amine/ammonium incorporation into the PDI scaffold on doping efficiency is reviewed with regard to attachment mode, tether distance, counterion selection, and steric encumbrance. Self-n-doped PDIs are a unique set of PDI structural derivatives whose properties are amenable to a broad range of applications such as biochemistry, solar energy conversion, thermoelectric modules, batteries, and photocatalysis. Finally, we discuss challenges and the future outlook of self-n-doping principles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Powell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, 84112, USA.
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15
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Cai X, Liu F, Yu A, Qin J, Hatamvand M, Ahmed I, Luo J, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Zhan Y. Data-driven design of high-performance MASn xPb 1-xI 3 perovskite materials by machine learning and experimental realization. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2022; 11:234. [PMID: 35882845 PMCID: PMC9325779 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-022-00924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The photovoltaic performance of perovskite solar cell is determined by multiple interrelated factors, such as perovskite compositions, electronic properties of each transport layer and fabrication parameters, which makes it rather challenging for optimization of device performances and discovery of underlying mechanisms. Here, we propose and realize a novel machine learning approach based on forward-reverse framework to establish the relationship between key parameters and photovoltaic performance in high-profile MASnxPb1-xI3 perovskite materials. The proposed method establishes the asymmetrically bowing relationship between band gap and Sn composition, which is precisely verified by our experiments. Based on the analysis of structural evolution and SHAP library, the rapid-change region and low-bandgap plateau region for small and large Sn composition are explained, respectively. By establishing the models for photovoltaic parameters of working photovoltaic devices, the deviation of short-circuit current and open-circuit voltage with band gap in defective-zone and low-bandgap-plateau regions from Shockley-Queisser theory is captured by our models, and the former is due to the deep-level traps formed by crystallographic distortion and the latter is due to the enhanced susceptibility by increased Sn4+ content. The more difficulty for hole extraction than electron is also concluded in the models and the prediction curve of power conversion efficiency is in a good agreement with Shockley-Queisser limit. With the help of search and optimization algorithms, an optimized Sn:Pb composition ratio near 0.6 is finally obtained for high-performance perovskite solar cells, then verified by our experiments. Our constructive method could also be applicable to other material optimization and efficient device development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Cai
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- College of Information, Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai, 200234, China
- Center of Micro-Nano System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Fengcai Liu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Center of Micro-Nano System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Anran Yu
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Center of Micro-Nano System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiajun Qin
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping, SE-58183, Sweden
| | - Mohammad Hatamvand
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Center of Micro-Nano System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Irfan Ahmed
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Center of Micro-Nano System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jiayan Luo
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Center of Micro-Nano System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yiming Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures and Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Photonic Structures and Department of Optical Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Yiwu Research Institute of Fudan University, Chengbei Road, Yiwu City, Zhejiang, 322000, China.
| | - Yiqiang Zhan
- School of Information Science and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
- Center of Micro-Nano System, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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16
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0D/2D Mixed Dimensional Lead-Free Caesium Bismuth Iodide Perovskite for Solar Cell Application. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062180. [PMID: 35329631 PMCID: PMC8951690 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Bismuth-based perovskites are potentially a promising alternative for lead-free perovskites. During bond formation, however, trivalent ions on Cs3Bi2I9 with CsI/BiI3 ratio of 1.5/1 form 0D-neutral charged compounds with higher bandgap (>2.0 eV) and poor absorption capacity. Mixed 0/2-dimensional structures are potentially suitable substitutes due to their low bandgap. So far, the reported CsI/BiI3 ratios for 0D/2D structures are 1:1, 1:2 and 1:3. Herein, a new ratio of 1/1.5 is reported. Caesium bismuth iodide at a ratio of CsI/BiI3 of 1/1.5 was synthesised using a one-step processing method with/without solvent vapour annealing. During solvent annealing, a 1/4 (v/v) mixture of DMF/methanol was used as a solvent. The crystal structure formed at a ratio of 1/1.5 is more similar to 1.5/1 than to 1/3. The XRD pattern revealed additional characteristics peaks at 009, 012, 209 and 300, indicating the growth of another phase. The formed heterogeneous mixed 0D/2D structure has an extended light absorption capacity greater than 720 nm. Solvent vapour annealing improved film morphology by enhancing grain size and packing density. When cells with and without solvent vapour annealing are compared, the power conversion efficiency of caesium bismuth iodide increases from 0.26% without solvent annealing to 0.98% with solvent vapour annealing. This study establishes a new route for future research on crystal configuration, nomenclature, film and morphology, quality tailoring and applications toward the goal of lead-free perovskite solar cells.
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17
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Kumar D, Kaur J, Mohanty PP, Ahuja R, Chakraborty S. Recent Advancements in Nontoxic Halide Perovskites: Beyond Divalent Composition Space. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:33240-33252. [PMID: 34926876 PMCID: PMC8674920 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Since the inception of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites of ABX3 stoichiometry in 2009, there has been enormous progress in envisaging efficient solar cell materials throughout the world, from both the theoretical and experimental perspectives. Despite achieving 25.5% efficiency, hybrid halide perovskites are still facing two main challenges: toxicity due to the presence of lead and device stability. Two particular families with A3B2X9 and A2MM'X6 stoichiometries have emerged to address these two prime concerns, which have restrained the advancement of solar energy harvesting. Several investigations, both experimental and theoretical, are being conducted to explore the holy-grail materials, which could be optimum for not only efficient but also stable and nontoxic photovoltaics technology. However, the trade-off among stability, efficiency, and toxicity in such solar energy materials is yet to be completely resolved, which requires a systematic overview of A3B2X9- and A2MM'X6-based solar cell materials. Therefore, in this timely and relevant perspective, we have focused on these two particular promising families of perovskite materials. We have portrayed a roadmap projecting the recent advancements from both theoretical and experimental perspectives for these two exciting and promising solar energy material families while amalgamating our critical viewpoint with a future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhirendra Kumar
- Materials
Theory for Energy Scavenging (MATES) Lab, Harish-Chandra Research
Institute (HRI) Allahabad, HBNI, Chhatnag Road,
Jhunsi, Prayagraj (Allahabad) 211 019, India
| | - Jagjit Kaur
- Materials
Theory for Energy Scavenging (MATES) Lab, Harish-Chandra Research
Institute (HRI) Allahabad, HBNI, Chhatnag Road,
Jhunsi, Prayagraj (Allahabad) 211 019, India
| | | | - Rajeev Ahuja
- Department
of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology
Ropar, Rupnagar, Punjab 140001, India
- Condensed
Matter Theory Group, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Uppsala 75120, Sweden
| | - Sudip Chakraborty
- Materials
Theory for Energy Scavenging (MATES) Lab, Harish-Chandra Research
Institute (HRI) Allahabad, HBNI, Chhatnag Road,
Jhunsi, Prayagraj (Allahabad) 211 019, India
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18
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Şakar E, Alim B, Fırat Özpolat Ö, Ceviz Şakar B, Baltakesmez A, Akbaba U. A surveying of photon and particle radiation interaction characteristics of some perovskite materials. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2021.109719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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19
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Lu Y, Wang Q, He R, Zhou F, Yang X, Wang D, Cao H, He W, Pan F, Yang Z, Song C. Highly Efficient Spin‐Filtering Transport in Chiral Hybrid Copper Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202109595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE) School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Ruilin He
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Foxin Zhou
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Wanli He
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE) School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Cheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE) School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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20
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Lu Y, Wang Q, He R, Zhou F, Yang X, Wang D, Cao H, He W, Pan F, Yang Z, Song C. Highly Efficient Spin-Filtering Transport in Chiral Hybrid Copper Halides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:23578-23583. [PMID: 34423529 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202109595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Chiral Pb(Sn)-I hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites exhibit outstanding chiral-induced spin selectivity (CISS) performance, but the nontoxic lead-free hybrid materials with high stability are still greatly desired for spin filtering in spintronic applications. We synthesize chiral hybrid copper halides (R/S-MBA)2 CuX4 (MBA=methylbenzylammonium; X=Cl, Br) with characteristic 0D CuX4 tetrahedral structural motifs, combining the low toxicity of Cu2+ and air stability of halide ions (Cl- and Br- ). Despite similar structural and electronic features, (R/S-MBA)2 CuBr4 shows much smaller chiroptical activity than the chloride counterpart. Magnetically conductive atomic force microscopy measurements display a typical spin-polarized charge-transport property with high efficiency up to 90 % for both copper halides. Our work expands the CISS effect into eco-friendly and stable metal-organic halides, which is promising for applications in spintronics based on transition-metal hybrid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Lu
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Ruilin He
- Department of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Organic Optoelectronics and Molecular Engineering of the Ministry of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Foxin Zhou
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Wanli He
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Feng Pan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Zhou Yang
- Department of Materials Physics and Chemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Cheng Song
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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21
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Exploring the impact of HgI2 doping on optical, structural and morphological properties of pure CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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22
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Influence of Solvent on Stability and Electrophysical Properties of Organic–Inorganic Perovskites Films CH3NH3PbI3. THEOR EXP CHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11237-021-09679-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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23
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Jaffri SB, Ahmad KS. Newfangled progressions in the charge transport layers impacting the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells. REV INORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/revic-2021-0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells have rapidly emerged as a newfangled material for solar energy harnessing. Perovskite solar cells have succeeded in gaining a power conversion efficiency of 25% in the last year, further enhancement in the efficiency is anticipated due to advanced engineering of the different components making up the complete cell architecture with enhanced performance, stability and efficiency. Significant components of perovskite solar cell configurational architecture are the electron transport layer, active perovskite absorber layer, hole transport layer and counter electrode. Considering the profound role of transport layers in charge mobility, current review has particularly elucidated the advancements in the charge transport layers. The time duration of the review is from 2010 to 2021. However, the special focus has been laid on the recent articles. The influence of different organic and inorganic materials used for development of transport layers influencing the cell performance have been summarized. Materials used for transport layers have been modified by utilization of myriad of engineered substances through doping and surface functionalization strategies but every method have been marked by posing serious challenges towards the stability and efficiency of the cell and thus, hindering its commercialization. The review also provides an elucidation of the mechanical challenges and abatement strategies. These strategies are associated with the charge transport layers for enhancement of cell functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaan Bibi Jaffri
- Department of Environmental Sciences , Fatima Jinnah Women University , The Mall, 46000 , Rawalpindi , Pakistan
| | - Khuram Shahzad Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences , Fatima Jinnah Women University , The Mall, 46000 , Rawalpindi , Pakistan
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24
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Tailor NK, Maity P, Saidaminov MI, Pradhan N, Satapathi S. Dark Self-Healing-Mediated Negative Photoconductivity of a Lead-Free Cs 3Bi 2Cl 9 Perovskite Single Crystal. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:2286-2292. [PMID: 33646788 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recently, halide perovskites have emerged as a promising material for device applications. Lead-based perovskites have been widely explored, while investigation of the optical properties of lead-free perovskites remains limited. Lead-halide perovskite single crystals have shown light-induced positive photoconductivity, and as lead-free perovskites are optically active, they are expected to demonstrate similar properties. However, we report here light-induced negative photoconductivity with slow recovery in lead-free Cs3Bi2Cl9 perovskite. Femtosecond transient reflectance (fs-TR) spectroscopy studies further reveal that these electronic transport properties are due to the formation of light-activated metastable trap states within the perovskite crystal. The figure of merits were calculated for Cs3Bi2Cl9 single-crystal detectors, including responsivity (17 mA/W), detectivity (6.23 × 1011 Jones), and the ratio of current in dark to light (∼7160). These observations for Cs3Bi2Cl9 single crystals, which were optically active but showed retroactive photocurrent on irradiation, remain unique for such materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Kumar Tailor
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 247667, India
| | - Partha Maity
- Division of Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST),Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Narayan Pradhan
- Department of Materials Science, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Kolkata 700032, India
| | - Soumitra Satapathi
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, Haridwar, Uttarakhand 247667, India
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25
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Kheralla A, Chetty N. A review of experimental and computational attempts to remedy stability issues of perovskite solar cells. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06211. [PMID: 33644476 PMCID: PMC7895729 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Photovoltaic technology using perovskite solar cells has emerged as a potential solution in the photovoltaic makings for cost-effective manufacturing solutions deposition/coating solar cells. The hybrid perovskite-based materials possess a unique blend from low bulk snare concentrations, ambipolar, broad optical absorption properties, extended charge carrier diffusion, and charge transport/collection properties, making them favourable for solar cell applications. However, perovskite solar cells devices suffer from the effects of natural instability, leading to their rapid degradation while bared to water, oxygen, as well as ultraviolet rays, are irradiated and in case of high temperatures. It is essential to shield the perovskite film from damage, extend lifetime, and make it suitable for device fabrications. This paper focuses on various device strategies and computational attempts to address perovskite-based solar cells' environmental stability issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kheralla
- School of Physics and Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Naven Chetty
- School of Physics and Chemistry, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
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26
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Umedov ST, Grigorieva AV, Lepnev LS, Knotko AV, Nakabayashi K, Ohkoshi SI, Shevelkov AV. Indium Doping of Lead-Free Perovskite Cs 2SnI 6. Front Chem 2020; 8:564. [PMID: 32850618 PMCID: PMC7417766 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure and properties of an inorganic perovskite Cs2SnI6 demonstrated its potential as a light-harvester or electron-hole transport material; however, its optoelectronic properties are poorer than those of lead-based perovskites. Here, we report the way of light tuning of absorption and transport properties of cesium iodostannate(IV) Cs2SnI6 via partial heterovalent substitution of tin for indium. Light absorption and optical bandgaps of materials have been investigated by UV-vis absorption and photoluminescent spectroscopies. Low-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to study the kind of paramagnetic centers in materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shodruz T Umedov
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia V Grigorieva
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid S Lepnev
- Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander V Knotko
- Department of Materials Science, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Koji Nakabayashi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Ohkoshi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Andrei V Shevelkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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27
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He F, You H, Li X, Chen D, Pang S, Zhu W, Xi H, Zhang J, Zhang C. Transparent Ultrathin Metal Electrode with Microcavity Configuration for Highly Efficient TCO-Free Perovskite Solar Cells. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13102328. [PMID: 32438627 PMCID: PMC7287901 DOI: 10.3390/ma13102328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Optical microcavity configuration is one optical strategy to enhance light trapping in devices using planar electrodes. In this work, the potential application of optical microcavity configuration with ultrathin metal electrodes in highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs) was investigated. By comparing with the device with conventional indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrodes, it is shown that by carefully designing the Ag/dielectric planar electrode, a device with an optical microcavity structure can achieve comparable-or even higher-power conversion efficiency than a conventional device. Moreover, there is a relative high tolerance for the Ag film thickness in the optical microcavity structure. When the thickness of the Ag film is increased from 8 to 12 nm, the device still can attain the performance level of a conventional device. This gives a process tolerance to fabricate devices with an optical microcavity structure and reduces process difficulty. This work indicates the great application potential of optical microcavities with ultrathin metal electrodes in PSCs; more research attention should be paid in this field.
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28
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Rajbhandari PP, Dhakal TP. Limit of incorporating cesium cations into formamidinium-methylammonium based mixed halide perovskite solar cells. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 31:135406. [PMID: 31842000 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab6230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating formamidinium (FA) into methylammonium (MA) based perovskite has brought significant thermal and environmental stability including best device performance. It has been shown that addition of Cesium (Cs) makes perovskite robust in terms of thermodynamic stability as well. We explore the means of incorporating Cs into a base perovskite of mixed cation (FA/MA) and mixed halide (I/Br) that has a proven track record of high performance through an inter-diffusion approach. With this approach, it has been shown that perovskites form a smooth film without any residual PbI2 and exhibit higher absorbance. Though the residual PbI2 disappeared with the increase in added Cs, the film morphology became rough for Cs concentration higher than 15%. Addition of small amounts of PbCl2 allowed inclusion of more Cs content, which resulted in smooth film surface and further improved device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravakar P Rajbhandari
- Center for Autonomous Solar Power (CASP), and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, United States of America
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Kim B, Kim M, Lee JH, Seok SI. Enhanced Moisture Stability by Butyldimethylsulfonium Cation in Perovskite Solar Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:1901840. [PMID: 32042556 PMCID: PMC7001633 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201901840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Many organic cations in halide perovskites have been studied for their application in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Most organic cations in PSCs are based on the protic nitrogen cores, which are susceptible to deprotonation. Here, a new candidate of fully alkylated sulfonium cation (butyldimethylsulfonium; BDMS) is designed and successfully assembled into PSCs with the aim of increasing humidity stability. The BDMS-based perovskites retain the structural and optical features of pristine perovskite, which results in the comparable photovoltaic performance. However, the fully alkylated aprotic nature of BDMS shows a much more pronounced effect on the increase in humidity stability, which emphasizes a generic electronic difference between protic ammonium and aprotic sulfonium cation. The current results would pave a new way to explore cations for the development of promising PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohyung Kim
- Perovtronics Research CenterDepartment of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)50 UNIST‐gil, Eonyang‐eup, Ulju‐gunUlsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Maengsuk Kim
- Perovtronics Research CenterDepartment of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)50 UNIST‐gil, Eonyang‐eup, Ulju‐gunUlsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hee Lee
- Perovtronics Research CenterDepartment of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)50 UNIST‐gil, Eonyang‐eup, Ulju‐gunUlsan44919Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Il Seok
- Perovtronics Research CenterDepartment of Energy EngineeringSchool of Energy and Chemical EngineeringUlsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST)50 UNIST‐gil, Eonyang‐eup, Ulju‐gunUlsan44919Republic of Korea
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Lu CH, Biesold-McGee GV, Liu Y, Kang Z, Lin Z. Doping and ion substitution in colloidal metal halide perovskite nanocrystals. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:4953-5007. [PMID: 32538382 DOI: 10.1039/c9cs00790c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The past decade has witnessed tremendous advances in synthesis of metal halide perovskites and their use for a rich variety of optoelectronics applications. Metal halide perovskite has the general formula ABX3, where A is a monovalent cation (which can be either organic (e.g., CH3NH3+ (MA), CH(NH2)2+ (FA)) or inorganic (e.g., Cs+)), B is a divalent metal cation (usually Pb2+), and X is a halogen anion (Cl-, Br-, I-). Particularly, the photoluminescence (PL) properties of metal halide perovskites have garnered much attention due to the recent rapid development of perovskite nanocrystals. The introduction of capping ligands enables the synthesis of colloidal perovskite nanocrystals which offer new insight into dimension-dependent physical properties compared to their bulk counterparts. It is notable that doping and ion substitution represent effective strategies for tailoring the optoelectronic properties (e.g., absorption band gap, PL emission, and quantum yield (QY)) and stabilities of perovskite nanocrystals. The doping and ion substitution processes can be performed during or after the synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals by incorporating new A', B', or X' site ions into the A, B, or X sites of ABX3 perovskites. Interestingly, both isovalent and heterovalent doping and ion substitution can be conducted on colloidal perovskite nanocrystals. In this review, the general background of perovskite nanocrystals synthesis is first introduced. The effects of A-site, B-site, and X-site ionic doping and substitution on the optoelectronic properties and stabilities of colloidal metal halide perovskite nanocrystals are then detailed. Finally, possible applications and future research directions of doped and ion-substituted colloidal perovskite nanocrystals are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsin Lu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Gill V Biesold-McGee
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
| | - Yijiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, Hunan Province 411105, P. R. China.
| | - Zhitao Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA. and Georgia Tech Research Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Zhiqun Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Molecular Doping for Hole Transporting Materials in Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells. METALS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/met10010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid lead halide perovskites have been revolutionary in the photovoltaic research field, reaching efficiencies comparable with the most established photovoltaic technologies, although they have not yet reached their competitors’ stability. The search for a stable configuration requires the engineering of the charge extraction layers; in this work, molecular doping is used as an efficient method for small molecules and polymers employed as hole transport materials in a planar heterojunction configuration on compact-TiO2. We proved the viability of this approach, obtaining significantly increased performances and reduced hysteresis on compact titania-based devices. We investigated the photovoltaic performance correlated to the hole transport material structure. We have demonstrated that the molecular doping mechanism is more reliable than oxidative doping and have verified that molecular doping in polymeric hole transport materials leads to highly efficient perovskite solar cells, with long-term stability.
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Ushakova EV, Cherevkov SA, Kuznetsova VA, Baranov AV. Lead-Free Perovskites for Lighting and Lasing Applications: A Minireview. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E3845. [PMID: 31766585 PMCID: PMC6926615 DOI: 10.3390/ma12233845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research on materials with perovskite crystal symmetry for photonics applications represent a rapidly growing area of the photonics development due to their unique optical and electrical properties. Among them are high charge carrier mobility, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and high extinction coefficients, which can be tuned through all visible range by a controllable change in chemical composition. To date, most of such materials contain lead atoms, which is one of the obstacles for their large-scale implementation. This disadvantage can be overcome via the substitution of lead with less toxic chemical elements, such as Sn, Bi, Yb, etc., and their mixtures. Herein, we summarized the scientific works from 2016 related to the lead-free perovskite materials with stress on the lasing and lighting applications. The synthetic approaches, chemical composition, and morphology of materials, together with the optimal device configurations depending on the material parameters are summarized with a focus on future challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Ushakova
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr., Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia; (S.A.C.); (V.A.K.); (A.V.B.)
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Center for Functional Photonics (CFP), City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sergei A. Cherevkov
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr., Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia; (S.A.C.); (V.A.K.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Vera A. Kuznetsova
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr., Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia; (S.A.C.); (V.A.K.); (A.V.B.)
| | - Alexander V. Baranov
- Center of Information Optical Technologies, ITMO University, 49 Kronverksky pr., Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia; (S.A.C.); (V.A.K.); (A.V.B.)
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Shalan AE, Kazim S, Ahmad S. Lead-Free Perovskites: Metals Substitution towards Environmentally Benign Solar Cell Fabrication. CHEMSUSCHEM 2019; 12:4116-4139. [PMID: 31231941 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201901296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells have attracted significant attention during the current decade owing to their efficacy and photovoltaics performance, which has reached a new milestone in the thin-film category. Perovskite solar cells have witnessed a remarkable 25.2 % light-to-electricity conversion efficiency; however, the toxicity of the commonly employed Pb counterpart towards humans as well as the environment, in addition to material instability, are current bottlenecks towards commercial application. The scientific community has explored other metal ions as substitutions for Pb, while preserving the unique properties of the material, to produce environment-friendly perovskites. In this Review, we highlight the recent developments and challenges of Pb-free halide perovskite-based light harvesters for solar cell applications. This summary is intended to aid in the further development of a materials library for this sustainable technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Esmail Shalan
- BCMaterials-Basque Center for Materials, Applications, and Nanostructures, Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
| | - Samrana Kazim
- BCMaterials-Basque Center for Materials, Applications, and Nanostructures, Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
| | - Shahzada Ahmad
- BCMaterials-Basque Center for Materials, Applications, and Nanostructures, Martina Casiano, UPV/EHU Science Park, Barrio Sarriena s/n, Leioa, 48940, Spain
- IKERBASQUE-Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, 48013, Spain
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Wang J, Shen H, Li W, Wang S, Li J, Li D. The Role of Chloride Incorporation in Lead-Free 2D Perovskite (BA) 2SnI 4: Morphology, Photoluminescence, Phase Transition, and Charge Transport. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2019; 6:1802019. [PMID: 30886809 PMCID: PMC6402407 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201802019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of chloride (Cl) into methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskites has attracted much attention because of the significantly improved performance of the MAPbI3-based optoelectronic devices with a negligible small amount of Cl incorporation. It is expected that the Cl incorporation in 2D perovskites with layered nature would be much more efficient and thus can greatly alter the morphology, optical properties, phase transition, and charge transport; however, studies on those aspects in 2D perovskites remain elusive up to date. Here, a one-pot solution method to synthesize the Cl-doped lead-free 2D perovskite (BA)2SnI4 with various Cl incorporation concentrations is reported and how the Cl incorporation affects the morphology change, photoluminescence, phase transition, and charge transport is investigated. The Cl element is successfully incorporated into the crystal lattice in the solution-processed perovskite materials, confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements. The temperature-dependent photoluminescence studies indicate that the emission properties and phase transition behavior in (BA)2SnI4- x Cl x can be tuned by varying the Cl incorporation concentration. Electrical measurement suggests that the charge transport behavior can also be greatly altered by the Cl doping concentration and the electrical conductivity can be significantly improved under a higher Cl incorporation concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Hongzhi Shen
- School of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Wancai Li
- School of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Shuai Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Junze Li
- School of Optical and Electronic InformationHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
| | - Dehui Li
- School of Optical and Electronic Information and Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan430074China
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Low-Cost CuIn1−xGaxSe2 Ultra-Thin Hole-Transporting Material Layer for Perovskite/CIGSe Heterojunction Solar Cells. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/app9040719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a new type of solar cellwith enhanced optical-current characteristics using an ultra-thin CuIn1−xGaxSe2 hole-transporting material (HTM) layer (<400 nm). The HTM layer was between a bi-layer Mo metal-electrode and a CH3NH3PbI3 (MAPbI3) perovskite active absorbing material. It promoted carrier transportand led to an improved device with good ohmic-contacts. The solar cell was prepared as a bi-layer Mo/CuIn1−xGaxSe2/perovskite/C60/Ag multilayer of nano-structures on an FTO (fluorine-doped tin oxide) glass substrate. The ultra-thin CuIn1−xGaxSe2 HTM layers were annealed at various temperatures of 400, 500, and 600 °C. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that the nano-crystal grain size of CuIn1−xGaxSe2 increased with the annealing temperature. The solar cell results show an improved optical power conversion efficiency at ~14.2%. The application of the CuIn1−xGaxSe2 layer with the perovskite absorbing material could be used for designing solar cells with a reduced HTM thickness. The CuIn1−xGaxSe2 HTM has been evidenced to maintain a properopen circuit voltage, short-circuit current density and photovoltaic stability.
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36
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Babu R, Vardhaman AK, Dhavale VM, Giribabu L, Singh SP. MA2CoBr4: lead-free cobalt-based perovskite for electrochemical conversion of water to oxygen. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:6779-6782. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00878k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized a lead-free stable organic–inorganic perovskite (MA2CoBr4) by using non-hazardous solvents such as methanol and ethanol, which are eco-friendly and safe to handle in comparison to DMF, toluene, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramavath Babu
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT)
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - Anil Kumar Vardhaman
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT)
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
| | - Vishal M. Dhavale
- CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute
- CSIR Madras Complex
- Chennai-600 113
- India
| | - Lingamallu Giribabu
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT)
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
| | - Surya Prakash Singh
- Polymers and Functional Materials Division
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology (IICT)
- Hyderabad-500 007
- India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR)
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