Experimental Investigation of the Magnetoelectric Effect in NdFeB-Driven A-Line Shape Terfenol-D/PZT-5A Structures

Static, Dynamic, and Signal-To-Noise Analysis of a Solid-State Magnetoelectric (Me) Sensor with a Spice-Based Circuit Simulator

Modeling the non-electrical processes by equivalent electrical circuits is a widely known and successfully used technique in research and development. Although finite element methods software development has supplanted electrical analogy techniques due to greater accuracy and intuitiveness in recent decades, the modeling of physical processes based on analogies has several advantages in some cases. Representation of physical processes in the form of lumped circuits and graphs allows researchers to estimate the system with an alternative view, use standardized methods for solving electrical circuits for non-electrical systems, and, most importantly, allows us to use electrical circuit simulators with their unique capabilities. Of particular interest for using the analogy technique are systems that include electronic components along with components belonging to other physical domains, such as mechanical, thermal, magnetic, and others. A solid-state magnetoelectric (МЕ) sensor equipped with a charge amplifier is proposed in this study as an example of analysis using the equivalent electrical circuit and simulating these circuits using SPICE-based circuit simulators. Sensor analysis is conducted with an emphasis on noise budgeting and optimizing the sensor's signal-to-noise ratio and resolution. In addition, the steady state, the phasor, and transient types of analyses were employed to study the static and dynamic behavior of the system. Validation of the model using analytical calculations and comparison with experimental data demonstrated superior results.

The Study of Magnetoimpedance Effect for Magnetoelectric Laminate Composites with Different Magnetostrictive Layers

The rectangular magnetoelectric (ME) composites of Metglas/PZT and Terfenol-D/PZT are prepared, and the effects of a magnetostrictive layer’s material characteristics on the magnetoimpedance of ME composite are discussed and experimentally investigated. The theoretical analyses show that the impedance is not only dependent on Young’s modulus and the magnetostrictive strain of magnetostrictive material but is also influenced by its relative permeability. Compared with Terfenol-D, Metglas possesses significantly higher magnetic permeability and larger magnetostrictive strain at quite low H_dc due to the small saturation field, resulting in the larger magnetoimpedance ratio. The experimental results demonstrate that the maximum magnetoimpedance ratios (i.e., ΔZ/Z) of Metglas/PZT composite are about 605.24% and 239.98% at the antiresonance and resonance, respectively. Specifically, the maximum ΔZ/Z of Metglas/PZT is 8.6 times as high as that of Terfenol-D/PZT at the antiresonance. Such results provide the fundamental guidance in the design and fabrication of novel multifunction devices based on the magnetoimpedance effect of ME composites.

Dependence of Modified Butterworth Van-Dyke Model Parameters and Magnetoimpedance on DC Magnetic Field for Magnetoelectric Composites

This study investigates the impedance curve of magnetoelectric (ME) composites (i.e., Fe₈₀Si₉B₁₁/Pb(Zr_0.3Ti_0.7)O₃ laminate) and extracts the modified Butterworth-Van Dyke (MBVD) model's parameters at various direct current (DC) bias magnetic fields H_dc. It is interesting to find that both the magnetoimpedance and MBVD model's parameters of ME composite depend on H_dc, which is primarily attributed to the dependence of FeSiB's and neighboring PZT's material properties on H_dc. On one hand, the delta E effect and magnetostriction of FeSiB result in the change in PZT's dielectric permittivity, leading to the variation in impedance with H_dc. On the other hand, the magnetostriction and mechanical energy dissipation of FeSiB as a function of H_dc result in the field dependences of the MBVD model's parameters and mechanical quality factor. Furthermore, the influences of piezoelectric and electrode materials properties on the MBVD model's parameters are analyzed. This study plays a guiding role for ME sensor design and its application.

Nonlinear Magnetoelectric Response of Fe73.5Cu1Nb3Si13.5B9/Piezofiber Composite for a Pulsed Magnetic Field Sensor

In this paper, we report the nonlinear magnetoelectric response in a homogenous magnetostrictive/piezoelectric laminate material. The proposed magnetoelectric stack Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_13.5B₉/piezofiber is made up of high-permeability magnetostrictive Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_13.5B₉ foils and a piezoelectric Pb(Zr, Ti)O₃ fiber composite. The time dependence of magnetoelectric interactions in the Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_13.5B₉/piezofiber structure driven by pulsed magnetic field was investigated in detail. The experimental results show that the magnetoelectric effect is strongly dependent on the external bias magnetic and pulsed magnetic field parameters. To detect the amplitude of a pulsed magnetic field, the output sensitivity reaches 17 mV/Oe, which is excited by a 100 μs width field. In addition, to measure the pulsed width, the output sensitivity reaches 5.4 mV/μs in the range of 0–300 μs. The results show that the proposed Fe_73.5Cu₁Nb₃Si_13.5B₉/piezofiber sensor is ideally suited for pulsed magnetic field measurement.