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Zamparini F, Gandolfi MG, Spinelli A, Ferri M, Iezzi G, Botticelli D, Prati C. Mineralization and morphology of peri-implant bone around loaded and unloaded dental implants retrieved from the human mandible. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2024; 28:623-637. [PMID: 37667130 PMCID: PMC11144681 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-023-01175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited data is reported regarding the bone mineralization around dental implants in the first months from insertion. The study analyzed the peri-implant bone around loaded and unloaded implants retrieved from human mandible after 4 months from placement. METHOD The composition and mineralization of human bone were analyzed through an innovative protocol technique using Environmental-Scanning-Electron-Microscopy connected with Energy-Dispersive-X-Ray-Spectroscopy (ESEM/EDX). Two regions of interest (ROIs, approximately 750×500 μm) for each bone implant sample were analyzed at the cortical (Cortical ROI) and apical (Apical ROI) implant threads. Calcium, phosphorus, and nitrogen (atomic%) were determined using EDX, and the specific ratios (Ca/N, P/N, and Ca/P) were calculated as mineralization indices. RESULTS Eighteen implant biopsies from ten patients were analyzed (unloaded implants, n=10; loaded implants, n=8). For each ROI, four bone areas (defined bones 1-4) were detected. These areas were characterized by different mineralization degree, varied Ca, P and N content, and different ratios, and by specific grayscale intensity detectable by ESEM images. Bony tissue in contact with loaded implants at the cortical ROI showed a higher percentage of low mineralized bone (bone 1) and a lower percentage of remodeling bone (bone 2) when compared to unloaded implants. The percentage of highly mineralized bone (bone 3) was similar in all groups. CONCLUSION Cortical and apical ROIs resulted in a puzzle of different bone "islands" characterized by various rates of mineralization. Only the loaded implants showed a high rate of mineralization in the cortical ROI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Zamparini
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
- Endodontic Clinical Section, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Maria Giovanna Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Spinelli
- Endodontic Clinical Section, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Mauro Ferri
- School of Dentistry, Corporación Universitária Rafael Núñez, 130001, Cartagena, de Indias, Colombia
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti/Pescara, 66013, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Prati
- Endodontic Clinical Section, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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Tseng KF, Shiu ST, Hung CY, Chan YH, Chee TJ, Huang PC, Lai PC, Feng SW. Osseointegration Potential Assessment of Bone Graft Materials Loaded with Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Peri-Implant Bone Defects. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:862. [PMID: 38255941 PMCID: PMC10815485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Many studies have been exploring the use of bone graft materials (BGMs) and mesenchymal stem cells in bone defect reconstruction. However, the regeneration potential of Algipore (highly purified hydroxyapatite) and Biphasic (hydroxyapatite/beta-tricalcium phosphate) BGMs combined with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) remains unclear. Therefore, we evaluated their osseointegration capacities in reconstructing peri-implant bone defects. The cellular characteristics of BMSCs and the material properties of Algipore and Biphasic were assessed in vitro. Four experimental groups-Algipore, Biphasic, Algipore+BMSCs, and Biphasic+BMSCs-were designed in a rabbit tibia peri-implant defect model. Implant stability parameters were measured. After 4 and 8 weeks of healing, all samples were evaluated using micro-CT, histological, and histomorphometric analysis. In the energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy experiment, the Ca/P ratio was higher for Algipore (1.67) than for Biphasic (1.44). The ISQ values continuously increased, and the PTV values gradually decreased for all groups during the healing period. Both Algipore and Biphasic BGM promoted new bone regeneration. Higher implant stability and bone volume density were observed when Algipore and Biphasic BGMs were combined with BMSCs. Biphasic BGM exhibited a faster degradation rate than Algipore BGM. Notably, after eight weeks of healing, Algipore with BSMCs showed more bone-implant contact than Biphasic alone (p < 0.05). Both Algipore and Biphasic are efficient in reconstructing peri-implant bone defects. In addition, Algipore BGM incorporation with BSMCs displayed the best performance in enhancing implant stability and osseointegration potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Fang Tseng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
| | - Shiau-Ting Shiu
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Hung
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry and Graduate Institute of Dental Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114201, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Hui Chan
- School of Oral Hygiene, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Jian Chee
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Chun Huang
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
| | - Pin-Chuang Lai
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
| | - Sheng-Wei Feng
- School of Dentistry, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
- School of Dentistry and Graduate Institute of Dental Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 114201, Taiwan
- Division of Prosthodontics, Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
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Ha JY, Eo MY, Sodnom-Ish B, Mustakim KR, Myoung H, Kim SM. Electron microscopic analysis of necrotic bone and failed implant surface in a patient with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 45:34. [PMID: 37789223 PMCID: PMC10547673 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-023-00402-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bisphosphonates (BP), a commonly used medication for various bone diseases, have been known to have severe complications such as bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ). Failure of dental implants has also been found in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). In this study, we analyzed the necrotic bone tissues and the surface of the failed implants removed from the jaw in patients treated with BPs and antiresorptive agents. RESULTS Chronic inflammatory cells with collagen and fibrous tissues and bone sequestrum were shown at 5.0 × , 10.0 × , 20.0 × , and 40.0 × magnified histologic sections in the bone and fibrotic scar tissues removed from patients with MRONJ due to osteonecrosis. Hardened bone tissues with microcracked bony resorbed lacunae were observed in SEM. Unlike the previously published comparative data where immune cells, such as dendritic cells, were found in the failed implant surface, these immune cells were not identified in the BRONJ-related peri-implantitis tissues through the TEM investigations. Furthermore, EDS revealed that in addition to the main titanium element, gold, carbon, oxygen, calcium, phosphorus, silicon, and sulfur elements were found. CONCLUSION Hardened bone tissues with microcracked bony resorbed lacunae were observed in the SEM findings, which were considered as the main characteristic of the osteonecrosis of the jaw. Immune cells, such as dendritic cells were not identified in the TEM. EDS showed that in addition to the main titanium element, gold, carbon, oxygen, calcium, phosphorus, and silicon elements were found. Furthermore, it was revealed that sulfur was found, which was considered to be one of the complicated causes of implant failure in patients with BRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Young Ha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Mi Young Eo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Buyanbileg Sodnom-Ish
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Kezia Rachellea Mustakim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hoon Myoung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Soung Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
- Oral and Maxillofacial Microvascular Reconstruction Lab, Brong Ahafo Regional Hospital, Ghana Health Service, P.O. Box 27, Sunyani, Brong Ahafo, Ghana.
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Imai H, Prati C, Zamparini F, Iezzi G, Botticelli D, Gandolfi MG, Baba S. ESEM-EDX Mineralization and Morphological Analysis of Human Retrieved Maxillary Sinus Bone Graft Biopsies before Loading. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:391. [PMID: 37504886 PMCID: PMC10382039 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to analyze the morphology of bone graft granules, the presence of granule demineralization, and bone morphology in retrieved human maxillary sinus bone graft biopsies. Healthy patients underwent sinus bone augmentation using lateral access. Two different dimensions of the antrostomy were performed, a 4 mm or 8 mm height. After 6 months, all sites received one implant using a flap technique, crestal positioning, and submerged healing. Implant biopsies were retrieved after 3 months and were histologically processed. The ESEM analysis was performed on the entire portion of the peri-implant bone (up to 750 µm from the implant thread). Three different regions of interest (ROIs) were selected: the coronal, middle, and apical portions of the implant. In these areas, EDX was performed, and calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), nitrogen (N), and their atomic ratios (Ca/P, Ca/N, and P/N) were calculated. Different bone tissue electron-dense areas were detected through grayscale intensity quantification of ESEM images with different organic (N) or inorganic (Ca,P) compositions. A total of 16 biopsies from 16 healthy patients were analyzed. Bone graft granules were mostly detected in the apical ROI. New bone tissue bridges were detected in the apical and middle ROI. These structures, with lower Ca/N and P/N ratios, were connected and enveloped the bone graft granules. Cortical ROI revealed the most mineralized bone tissue. Conclusions: After 9 months, bone graft resorption was only partially completed and new bone tissue appeared less mineralized in the middle and apical ROI than in the coronal ROI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideki Imai
- Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan
| | - Carlo Prati
- School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Fausto Zamparini
- School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Daniele Botticelli
- Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan
- ARDEC Academy, 47923 Rimini, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Gandolfi
- School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, 40125 Bologna, Italy
| | - Shunsuke Baba
- Department of Oral Implantology, Osaka Dental University, 8-1 Kuzuhahanazonocho, Hirakata 573-1121, Osaka, Japan
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99mTc-HDP Labeling-A Non-Destructive Method for Real-Time Surveillance of the Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of hMSC during Ongoing Cell Cultures. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415874. [PMID: 36555513 PMCID: PMC9785440 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
99-Metastabil Technetium (99mTc) is a radiopharmaceutical widely used in skeletal scintigraphy. Recent publications show it can also be used to determine the osteogenic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) by binding to hydroxyapatite formed during bone tissue engineering. This field lacks non-destructive methods to track live osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs. However, no data about the uptake kinetics of 99mTc and its effect on osteogenesis of hMSCs have been published yet. We therefore evaluated the saturation time of 99mTc by incubating hMSC cultures for different periods, and the saturation concentration by using different amounts of 99mTc activity for incubation. The influence of 99mTc on osteogenic potential of hMSCs was then evaluated by labeling a continuous hMSC culture three times over the course of 3 weeks, and comparing the findings to cultures labeled once. Our findings show that 99mTc saturation time is less than 0.25 h, and saturation concentration is between 750 and 1000 MBq. Repeated exposure to γ-radiation emitted by 99mTc had no negative effects on hMSC cultures. These new insights can be used to make this highly promising method broadly available to support researchers in the field of bone tissue engineering using this method to track and evaluate, in real-time, the osteogenic differentiation of hMSC, without any negative influence on the cell viability, or their osteogenic differentiation potential.
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Analysis of the Chemical Composition and Morphological Characterization of Tissue Osseointegrated to a Dental Implant after 5 Years of Function. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23168882. [PMID: 36012148 PMCID: PMC9408532 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23168882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Osseointegration implies the coexistence of a biocompatible implant subjected to masticatory loads and living bone tissue adhered to its surface; this interaction is a critical process for the success of implants. The objective of this work is to analyze the osseoformation and osseointegration of a dental implant in operation for 5 years microscopically through morphological analysis of the surface and chemical composition through a variable pressure scanning electron microscope (VP-SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX). The chemical composition and general characteristics of the structural morphology of random areas of the surfaces of an osseointegrated dental implant from an ex vivo sample were analyzed. On the surface of the implant free of bone tissue, titanium (TI) was mainly identified in the area of the implant threads and carbon (C) in the depth of the implant threads. Phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), oxygen (O), carbon (C), with dense and homogeneous distribution, and, to a lesser extent, sodium (Na) were detected on the bone surface around the contour of the implant. Regarding the morphological characteristics of the implant surface, a rough structure with some irregularities and detachments of the implant lodged in the bone tissue was observed. Microscopic analysis showed calcified bone tissue distributed in an orderly manner on the coronal and medial surface and sinuous and irregular in the apical area, with the presence of red blood cells. The composition of the implant allows a dynamic process of bone remodeling and regeneration subject to the biological and mechanical needs of the operation. Dental implants are shown to have exceptional and long-lasting biocompatibility that enables the formation of mature peri-implant bone tissue.
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Luchman NA, Megat Abdul Wahab R, Zainal Ariffin SH, Nasruddin NS, Lau SF, Yazid F. Comparison between hydroxyapatite and polycaprolactone in inducing osteogenic differentiation and augmenting maxillary bone regeneration in rats. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13356. [PMID: 35529494 PMCID: PMC9070322 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The selection of appropriate scaffold plays an important role in ensuring the success of bone regeneration. The use of scaffolds with different materials and their effect on the osteogenic performance of cells is not well studied and this can affect the selection of suitable scaffolds for transplantation. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the comparative ability of two different synthetic scaffolds, mainly hydroxyapatite (HA) and polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds in promoting in vitro and in vivo bone regeneration. Method In vitro cell viability, morphology, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of MC3T3-E1 cells on HA and PCL scaffolds were determined in comparison to the accepted model outlined for two-dimensional systems. An in vivo study involving the transplantation of MC3T3-E1 cells with scaffolds into an artificial bone defect of 4 mm length and 1.5 mm depth in the rat's left maxilla was conducted. Three-dimensional analysis using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and immunohistochemistry analyses evaluation were performed after six weeks of transplantation. Results MC3T3-E1 cells on the HA scaffold showed the highest cell viability. The cell viability on both scaffolds decreased after 14 days of culture, which reflects the dominant occurrence of osteoblast differentiation. An early sign of osteoblast differentiation can be detected on the PCL scaffold. However, cells on the HA scaffold showed more prominent results with intense mineralized nodules and significantly (p < 0.05) high levels of ALP activity with prolonged osteoblast induction. Micro-CT and H&E analyses confirmed the in vitro results with bone formation were significantly (p < 0.05) greater in HA scaffold and was supported by IHC analysis which confirmed stronger expression of osteogenic markers ALP and osteocalcin. Conclusion Different scaffold materials of HA and PCL might have influenced the bone regeneration ability of MC3T3-E1. Regardless, in vitro and in vivo bone regeneration was better in the HA scaffold which indicates its great potential for application in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Atmaliya Luchman
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rohaya Megat Abdul Wahab
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurrul Shaqinah Nasruddin
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostic and Bioscience, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Seng Fong Lau
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Farinawati Yazid
- Department of Family Oral Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Jaikumar RA, Karthigeyan S, Bhat R, Naidu M, Natarajan S, Angamuthu V. Analysis of Surface Morphology and Elemental Composition on Zirconia Implants Before and After Photofunctionalization by Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X ray Spectroscopy - An In vitro Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2021; 13:S761-S765. [PMID: 34447197 PMCID: PMC8375790 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_716_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of this study is to analyze the surface morphology and elemental composition of zirconia implants before and after photofunctionalization. Materials and Methods: Ten zirconia implants (white sky implant system– Bredent Company) five each in the study group and control group was taken. Study group samples were treated with ultraviolet light for 48 h. Microstructured surface of the study and control group blanks at abutment and thread regions were documented by Scanning Electron Microscope The semi-quantitative element composition was analyzed using Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrum. Results: SEM images of the study and control group divulged a varied array of topographical configuration of the abutment area and thread region at different magnifications. At low magnification, both study and control group revealed plain compact surface and wavy porous area, whereas higher magnification showed dense grainy regions of various sizes and intensities disrupted by pores. EDX spectrum analysis for elemental composition showed increased oxygen concentration in the study group (42.8%) than the control group (29.09%), whereas carbon concentration was lower in photofunctionalized group (34.34%) than in the control group (45.41%). Conclusion: In zirconia implants, photofunctionalization is a viable method to effectively enhance the surface topography and hydrophilicity of bone-implant interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Arun Jaikumar
- Department of Prosthodontics, Best Dental Science College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suma Karthigeyan
- Department of Prosthodontics, Rajah Muthiah Dental College, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramesh Bhat
- Department of Prosthodontics, Best Dental Science College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Madhulika Naidu
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Best Dental Science College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Senthilnathan Natarajan
- Department of Conservative entistry and Endodontics, Tagore Dental College, Rathinamangalam, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vignesswary Angamuthu
- Oral Medicine and Radiology, Best Dental Science College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kim SY, Lee YJ, Cho WT, Hwang SH, Heo SC, Kim HJ, Huh JB. Preliminary Animal Study on Bone Formation Ability of Commercialized Particle-Type Bone Graft with Increased Operability by Hydrogel. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164464. [PMID: 34442986 PMCID: PMC8399214 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the bone-generating ability of a new bovine-derived xenograft (S1-XB) containing hydrogel. For control purposes, we used Bio-Oss and Bone-XB bovine-derived xenografts. S1-XB was produced by mixing Bone-XB and hydrogel. Cell proliferation and differentiation studies were performed to assess cytotoxicities and cell responses. For in vivo study, 8 mm-sized cranial defects were formed in 16 rats, and then the bone substitutes were transplanted into defect sites in the four study groups, that is, a Bio-Oss group, a Bone-XB group, an S1-XB group, and a control (all n = 4); in the control group defects were left empty. Eight weeks after surgery, new bone formation areas were measured histomorphometrically. In the cell study, extracts of Bio-Oss, Bone-XB, and S1-XB showed good results in terms of the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) and no cytotoxic reaction was evident. No significant difference was observed between mean new bone areas in the Bio-Oss (36.93 ± 4.27%), Bone-XB (35.07 ± 3.23%), and S1-XB (30.80 ± 6.41%) groups, but new bone area was significantly smaller in the control group (18.73 ± 5.59%) (p < 0.05). Bovine-derived bone graft material containing hydrogel (S1-XB) had a better cellular response and an osteogenic effect similar to Bio-Oss.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Yeun Kim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Kyungpook National University Dental Hospital, Daegu 41940, Korea;
| | - You-Jin Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (W.-T.C.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Won-Tak Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (W.-T.C.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Su-Hyun Hwang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (W.-T.C.); (S.-H.H.)
| | - Soon-Chul Heo
- Department of Oral Physiology, Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Hyung-Joon Kim
- Department of Oral Physiology, Periodontal Diseases Signaling Network Research Center, Dental and Life Science Institute, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
- Correspondence: (H.-J.K.); (J.-B.H.); Tel.: +82-10-6326-4189 (H.-J.K.); +82-10-8007-9099 (J.-B.H.); Fax: +82-55-510-8208 (H.-J.K.); +82-55-360-5134 (J.-B.H.)
| | - Jung-Bo Huh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dental and Life Sciences Institute, Education and Research Team for Life Science on Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea; (Y.-J.L.); (W.-T.C.); (S.-H.H.)
- Correspondence: (H.-J.K.); (J.-B.H.); Tel.: +82-10-6326-4189 (H.-J.K.); +82-10-8007-9099 (J.-B.H.); Fax: +82-55-510-8208 (H.-J.K.); +82-55-360-5134 (J.-B.H.)
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Secondary Root Canal Treatment with Reciproc Blue and K-File: Radiographic and ESEM-EDX Analysis of Dentin and Root Canal Filling Remnants. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061902. [PMID: 32570806 PMCID: PMC7355850 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Secondary root canal treatment requires the complete removal of filling materials with different chemical-physical properties. A newly developed single-use NiTi instrument (Reciproc Blue, RB) may be more effective in root canal retreatment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate morphology and composition of remnants after retreatment with RB compared to traditional K-File technique, in canals obturated with Thermafil/AH Plus. Twenty-four single-rooted human teeth were shaped with NiTi obturated with AH-Plus/Thermafil and retreated using RB NiTi instruments or manual K-Files. Radiographs were taken to evaluate endodontic space and radiopacity of residual filling-material before/after procedures. After retreatment, samples were longitudinally split and observed by environmental scanning electron microscopy connected to energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (ESEM-EDX) to analyze the debris/remnant position, microchemistry, and dentinal surface morphology. Time for retreatments was recorded and compared using one-way ANOVA (p-value = 0.05). Radiopaque filling residuals were found in both groups. RB system resulted statistically faster than manual K-File in retreatment procedure (p < 0.001). Root canal space radiographic appearance obtained after retreatment with RB was wider than K-File (p < 0.05). ESEM-EDX revealed 4 different morphological dentin area. Area-1: debris-free with typical Ca, P, and N composition of dentin and detected in 70% of the surface. Area-2: presence of deproteinized smear layer free from N and debris in 15% of the surface. Area-3: a thick packed smear layer N-free and with fine debris consisting of trace elements from sealer in 10% of the surface. Area-4: packed with debris and trace elements. No difference was observed between both instruments regarding root canal space appearance and ESEM-EDX analysis. Both systems were able to remove filling material but created a dentine morphology composed of packed debris and filling materials embedded into the smear layer. Dentin surface composition resulted in collagen depleted by irrigation procedures. The reciprocating system required less time to complete retreatment.
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