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Luo C, Shuai Q, Zhao G, Zhang M, Wu B, Fu X, Sun Y, Wang Y, Hua Q. Insights into the Effects of Co-Regulated Factors on Li 1.3Al 0.3Ti 1.7(PO 4) 3 Solid Electrolyte Preparation: Sources, Calcination Temperatures, and Sintering Temperatures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:48110-48121. [PMID: 37796023 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
The ionic conductivity, phase components, and microstructures of LATP depend on its synthesis process. However, their relative importance and their interactions with synthesis process parameters (such as source materials, calcination temperature, and sintering temperature) remain unclear. In this work, different source materials were used to prepare LATP via the solid-state reaction method under different calcination and sintering temperatures, and an analysis via orthogonal experiments and machine learning was used to systematically study the effects of the process parameters. Sintering temperatures had the greatest effect on the total ionic conductivity of LATP pellets, followed by the sources and calcination temperatures. Sources, as the foundational factors, directly determine the composition of a major secondary phase of LATP pellets, which influences the whole process. The calcination temperature had limited impact on the ion conductivity of LATP pellets if pellets were sintered under the optimal temperature. The sintering temperature is the most important factor that influences the ion conductivity by eliminating most secondary phases and altering the microstructure of LATP, including the intergranular contact, grain size, relative densities, etc. This work offers a novel perspective to comprehend the synthesis of solid-state electrolytes beyond LATP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, Center of Ion Beam Technology & Energy Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Yueqing Solid-State Battery Research Institute, Wenzhou 325600, China
| | - Qilin Shuai
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, Center of Ion Beam Technology & Energy Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Guoqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, Center of Ion Beam Technology & Energy Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Yueqing Solid-State Battery Research Institute, Wenzhou 325600, China
| | - Mengyang Zhang
- Yueqing Solid-State Battery Research Institute, Wenzhou 325600, China
| | - Bin Wu
- Yueqing Solid-State Battery Research Institute, Wenzhou 325600, China
| | - Xiaolan Fu
- Yueqing Solid-State Battery Research Institute, Wenzhou 325600, China
| | - Yujian Sun
- Yueqing Solid-State Battery Research Institute, Wenzhou 325600, China
| | - Yian Wang
- School of Life Science, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an 343009, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qingsong Hua
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
- Key Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, Center of Ion Beam Technology & Energy Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Kim S, Gim Y, Lee W. Thermally Stable Ceramic-Salt Electrolytes for Li Metal Batteries Produced from Cold Sintering Using DMF/Water Mixture Solvents. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2436. [PMID: 37686944 PMCID: PMC10490499 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
The cold sintering process (CSP) for synthesizing oxide-based electrolytes, which uses water transient solvents and uniaxial pressure, is a promising alternative to the conventional high temperature sintering process due to its low temperature (<200 °C) and short processing time (<2 h). However, the formation of amorphous secondary phases in the intergranular regions, which results in poor ionic conductivity (σ), remains a challenge. In this study, we introduced high-boiling solvents of dimethylformamide (DMF, b.p.: 153 °C) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, b.p.: 189 °C) as transient solvents to develop composite electrolytes of Li1.5Al0.5Ge1.5(PO4)3 (LAGP) with bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTFSI). Our results show that composite electrolytes processed with the DMF/water mixture (CSP LAGP-LiTFSI DMF/H2O) yield a high σ of 10-4 S cm-1 at room temperature and high relative densities of >87%. Furthermore, the composite electrolytes exhibit good thermal stability; the σ maintains its initial value after heat treatment. In contrast, the composite electrolytes processed with the DMSO/water mixture and water alone show thermal degradation. The CSP LAGP-LiTFSI DMF/H2O composite electrolytes exhibit long-term stability, showing no signs of short circuiting after 350 h at 0.1 mAh cm-2 in Li symmetric cells. Our work highlights the importance of selecting appropriate transient solvents for producing efficient and stable composite electrolytes using CSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunwoo Kim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Gim
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonho Lee
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
- Department of Energy Engineering Convergence, Kumoh National Institute of Technology, Gumi 39177, Republic of Korea
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Liu J, Wang T, Yu J, Li S, Ma H, Liu X. Review of the Developments and Difficulties in Inorganic Solid-State Electrolytes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:2510. [PMID: 36984390 PMCID: PMC10055896 DOI: 10.3390/ma16062510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
All-solid-state lithium-ion batteries (ASSLIBs), with their exceptional attributes, have captured the attention of researchers. They offer a viable solution to the inherent flaws of traditional lithium-ion batteries. The crux of an ASSLB lies in its solid-state electrolyte (SSE) which shows higher stability and safety compared to liquid electrolyte. Additionally, it holds the promise of being compatible with Li metal anode, thereby realizing higher capacity. Inorganic SSEs have undergone tremendous developments in the last few decades; however, their practical applications still face difficulties such as the electrode-electrolyte interface, air stability, and so on. The structural composition of inorganic electrolytes is inherently linked to the advantages and difficulties they present. This article provides a comprehensive explanation of the development, structure, and Li-ion transport mechanism of representative inorganic SSEs. Moreover, corresponding difficulties such as interface issues and air stability as well as possible solutions are also discussed.
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Vinnichenko M, Waetzig K, Aurich A, Baumgaertner C, Herrmann M, Ho CW, Kusnezoff M, Lee CW. Li-Ion Conductive Li 1.3Al 0.3Ti 1.7(PO 4) 3 (LATP) Solid Electrolyte Prepared by Cold Sintering Process with Various Sintering Additives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:3178. [PMID: 36144965 PMCID: PMC9503772 DOI: 10.3390/nano12183178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The density, microstructure, and ionic conductivity of solid electrolyte Li1.3Al0.3Ti1.7(PO4)3 (LATP) ceramics prepared by cold sintering using liquid and solid sintering additives are studied. The effects of both liquid (water and water solutions of acetic acid and lithium hydroxide) and solid (lithium acetate) additives on densification are investigated. The properties of cold-sintered LATP are compared to those of conventionally sintered LATP. The materials cold-sintered at temperatures 140-280 °C and pressures 510-600 MPa show relative density in the range of 90-98% of LATP's theoretical value, comparable or higher than the density of conventionally sintered ceramics. With the relative density of 94%, a total ionic conductivity of 1.26 × 10-5 S/cm (room temperature) is achieved by cold sintering at the temperature of 200 °C and uniaxial pressure of 510 MPa using water as additive. The lower ionic conductivities of the cold-sintered ceramics compared to those prepared by conventional sintering are attributed to the formation of amorphous secondary phases in the intergranular regions depending on the type of additives used and on the processing conditions selected.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katja Waetzig
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01227 Dresden, Germany
| | - Alf Aurich
- Fraunhofer IKTS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01227 Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Chang Won Ho
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | | | - Chang Woo Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering (Integrated Engineering), College of Engineering, Kyung Hee University, 1732, Deogyeong-daero, Giheung, Yongin 17104, Gyeonggi, Korea
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