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Mesoporous Spherical Silica Filler Prepared from Coal Gasification Fine Slag for Styrene Butadiene Rubber Reinforcement and Promoting Vulcanization. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204427. [PMID: 36298005 PMCID: PMC9608839 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coal gasification fine slag (CFS) is a solid contaminant produced by an entrained flow gasifier, which pollutes fields and the air in the long term. CFS is a potential polymer reinforcement filler and has been used in polypropylene and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resins. Coal gasification fine slag mesoporous silica (FS-SiO2) was prepared by acid leaching, calcination, and pH adjustment, with a larger specific surface area and less surface hydroxyl compared to the commercial precipitated silica (P-silica). The cure characteristics, crosslink density, mechanical properties, the morphology of the tensile fractures, dynamic mechanics, and rubber processing of the prepared styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) composites filled with P-silica and FS-SiO2 were analyzed, respectively. The results indicated that FS-SiO2 was dispersed more uniformly in the SBR matrix than P-silica owing to its smaller amount of surface hydroxyl and spherical structure, resulting in a better mechanical performance and wet skid resistance. In particular, the SBR composites with a filler pH of 6.3 exhibited the highest crosslink density and tensile strength, being superior to commercial P-silica. Significantly, the curing time decreased with the increase in the pH of FS-SiO2, which caused the rubber processing to be more efficient. This strategy can reduce the cost of rubber composites and the environmental pollution caused by CFS.
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Dong Y, Yin D, Deng L, Cao R, Hu S, Zhao X, Liu L. Fabrication of Millable Polyurethane Elastomer/Eucommia Ulmoides Rubber Composites with Superior Sound Absorption Performance. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:7487. [PMID: 34885642 PMCID: PMC8658837 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sound absorbing materials combining millable polyurethane elastomer (MPU) and eucommia ulmoides rubber (EUG) were successfully fabricated via a physical blending process of EUG and MPU. The microstructure, crystallization performances, damping, mechanical and sound absorption properties of the prepared MPU/EUG composites were investigated systematically. The microstructure surface of various MPU/EUG composites became rough and cracked by the gradual incorporation of EUG, resulting in a deteriorated compatibility between EUG and MPU. With the increase of EUG content, the storage modulus (E') of various MPU/EUG composites increased in a temperature range of -50 °C to 40 °C and their loss factor (tanδ) decreased significantly, including a reduction of the tanδ of MPU/EUG (70/30) composites from 0.79 to 0.64. Specifically, the addition of EUG sharply improved the sound absorption performances of various MPU/EUG composites in a frequency range of 4.5 kHz-8 kHz. Compared with that of pure MPU, the sound absorption coefficient of the MPU/EUG (70/30) composite increased 52.2% at a pressure of 0.1 MPa and 16.8% at a pressure of 4 MPa, indicating its outstanding sound absorption properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.D.); (D.Y.); (L.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Dexian Yin
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.D.); (D.Y.); (L.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Linhui Deng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.D.); (D.Y.); (L.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Renwei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.D.); (D.Y.); (L.D.); (R.C.)
| | - Shikai Hu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.D.); (D.Y.); (L.D.); (R.C.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xiuying Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.D.); (D.Y.); (L.D.); (R.C.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Li Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing City on Preparation and Processing of Novel Polymer Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; (Y.D.); (D.Y.); (L.D.); (R.C.)
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Advanced Elastomers, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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The Use of Copper Oxides as Cross-Linking Substances for Chloroprene Rubber and Study of the Vulcanizates Properties. Part II. The Effect of Filler Type on the Properties of CR Products. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14216528. [PMID: 34772052 PMCID: PMC8585425 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The properties of rubber materials are dependent on the characteristics of the elastomer matrix, the filler type, the cross-linking agent, the number of ingredients, and their interactions. In the previous article, we showed that chloroprene rubber can be efficiently cross-linked with copper(I) oxide or copper(II) oxide. During the processing of rubber compounds, the incorporation of a filler and a curing substance are two substantial parameters, such as the homogeneity of mixing and cross-linking that significantly affect the properties of the vulcanizates. Therefore, this work aimed to evaluate the curing characteristics, mechanical and dynamical properties, morphology, and flammability of the composites containing chloroprene rubber cross-linked with Cu2O or CuO and filled with different fillers (silica, carbon black, montmorillonite, kaolin, chalk). It was found that the type of filler and curing agent had a significant impact on the degree of cross-linking of the chloroprene rubber and the properties of its vulcanizates. The degree and speed of the cross-linking of filled CR were higher when the CR was cured with copper(II) oxide. Among the fillers used, the presence of carbon black or silica ensured the highest degree of CR cross-linking and the most useful properties. The flammability tests indicated that all produced vulcanizates were characterized by a high oxygen index, which allows them to be classified as non-flammable materials.
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