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Marimuthu S, Pandiaraj S, Muthuramamoorthy M, Alzahrani KE, Alodhayb AN, Pitchaimuthu S, Grace AN. Experimental and computational DFT, drift-diffusion studies of cobalt-based hybrid perovskite crystals as absorbers in perovskite solar cells. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:4262-4277. [PMID: 38230683 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp04663j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The optimised designs of dimethyl ammonium cobalt formate-based perovskite crystals [(CH3)2NH2]Co(HCOO)3 were experimentally synthesized and computationally utilized as absorbers for perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Crystals were grown using solvothermal synthesis. Additive materials (Fe, Ni) are responsible for the growth and suppression of crystals in the micrometre range. Temperature and pressure were altered to obtain optimum growth conditions. Grown crystals were characterized by spectroscopy (XRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis) and optical microscopy. Combined density functional theory (DFT) and drift-diffusion modelling frameworks were simulated. These simulators were used to examine various perovskite absorbers for solar-cell configurations. Field calculations were used to examine the structural stability, band structure, and electronic contribution of the constituent elements in [(CH3)2NH2]Co1-nMn(HCOO)3 (M = Fe, Ni and n = 0, 0.1) as absorber material. Conventional TiO2 and spiro-OMeTAD were used as the electron-transport layer and hole-transport layer, respectively, and Pt was used as a back contact. Comprehensive analysis of the effects of several parameters (layer thickness, series and shunt resistances, temperature, generation-recombination rates, current-voltage density, quantum efficiency) was carried out using simulation. Our proposed strategy may pave the way for further design of new absorber materials for PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathish Marimuthu
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Saravanan Pandiaraj
- Department of Self-Development Skills, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muthumareeswaran Muthuramamoorthy
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid E Alzahrani
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N Alodhayb
- Biological and Environmental Sensing Research Unit, King Abdullah Institute for Nanotechnology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sudhagar Pitchaimuthu
- Research Centre for Carbon Solutions, Institute of Mechanical, Processing and Energy Engineering, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Andrews Nirmala Grace
- Centre for Nanotechnology Research (CNR), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Laidouci A, Mamta, Singh V, Dakua PK, Panda DK. Performance evaluation of ZnSnN 2 solar cells with Si back surface field using SCAPS-1D: A theoretical study. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20601. [PMID: 37842560 PMCID: PMC10568353 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The earth-abundant semiconductor zinc tin nitride (ZnSnN2) has garnered significant attention as a prospective material in photovoltaic and lighting applications, primarily due to its tunable narrow bandgap and high absorption coefficient. This study focuses on a numerical investigation of ZnSnN2 solar cell structures using the SCAPS 1-D software. The objective is to analyze the influence of various physical and geometrical parameters on solar cell performance. These parameters include the thicknesses of the ZnO window layer, CdS buffer layer, ZnSnN2 absorber layer, and Si back surface field layer (BSF), as well as operating temperature, series and shunt resistances (RS and Rsh), absorber layer defect density, interface defects, and the generation-recombination profile of the n-ZnO:Al/n-CdS/p-ZnSnN2/p-Si/Mo structure. We have evaluated the capabilities of this novel material absorber by investigating its performance across a range of thicknesses. We have started with ultrathin absorber thicknesses and gradually increased them to thicker levels to determine the optimal thickness for achieving high efficiency. Under optimal conditions, a thin solar cell with a thickness (wp) of 1 μm achieved an efficiency (η) of 23.9%. In a practical solar cell operating at room temperature, optimal parameters were observed with a thicker absorber layer (wp = 8 μm) and a BSF width of 0.3 μm. The cell exhibited resistances of Rsh = 106 Ω cm2 and Rs = 1 Ω cm2, along with a low defect density (Nt = 1010 cm-3) in the ZnSnN2 semiconductor. These factors combined to yield an impressive efficiency of 29.5%. Numerous studies on emerging ternary nitride semiconductors (Zn-IV-N2) have highlighted ZnSnN2 as a promising material for thin-film photovoltaics. This compound is appealing due to its abundance, non-toxicity, and cost-effectiveness. Unlike conventional solar cells that depend on rare, toxic, and costly elements, these components are still essential for today's solar cell technology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mamta
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
- Indian Reference Materials (BND) Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - V.N. Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, 201002, India
- Indian Reference Materials (BND) Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K. S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Pratap Kumar Dakua
- Department of ECE, Vignan's Institute of Information Technology (A), Duvada, Vishakapatnam, AP, 530049, India
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Xue T, Chen D, Li T, Chou X, Wang X, Tang Z, Zhang F, Huang J, Guo K, Takaloo AV. Boosting the Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells through Systematic Investigation of the Annealing Effect of E-Beam Evaporated TiO 2. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1095. [PMID: 37374680 DOI: 10.3390/mi14061095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Electron transport layer (ETL) plays an undeniable role in improving the performance of n-i-p planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is known as a promising ETL material for perovskite solar cell. In this work, the effect of annealing temperature on optical, electrical, and surface morphology of the electron-beam (EB)-evaporated TiO2 ETL, and consequently on the performance of perovskite solar cell, was investigated. It was found that annealing treatment at an optimized temperature of 480 °C considerably improved the surface smoothness, density of grain boundaries, and carrier mobility of TiO2 film, which resulted in nearly 10-fold improvement in power conversion efficiency (11.16%) in comparison with the unannealed device (1.08%). The improvement in performance of the optimized PSC is attributed to the acceleration of charge carrier extraction, as well as suppression of the recombination at the ETL/Perovskite interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xue
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Dandan Chen
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ting Li
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xingxing Chou
- School of Electrical and Control Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Zhenyu Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, Department of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fanghui Zhang
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jin Huang
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Kunping Guo
- School of Electronic Information and Artificial Intelligence, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Ashkan Vakilipour Takaloo
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand
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Chakraborty K, Medikondu NR, Duraisamy K, Soliman NF, El-Shafai W, Lavadiya S, Paul S, Das S. Studies of Performance of Cs 2TiI 6-XBr X (Where x = 0 to 6)-Based Mixed Halide Perovskite Solar Cell with CdS Electron Transport Layer. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:447. [PMID: 36838147 PMCID: PMC9965436 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The present research work represents the numerical study of the device performance of a lead-free Cs2TiI6-XBrX-based mixed halide perovskite solar cell (PSC), where x = 1 to 5. The open circuit voltage (VOC) and short circuit current (JSC) in a generic TCO/electron transport layer (ETL)/absorbing layer/hole transfer layer (HTL) structure are the key parameters for analyzing the device performance. The entire simulation was conducted by a SCAPS-1D (solar cell capacitance simulator- one dimensional) simulator. An alternative FTO/CdS/Cs2TiI6-XBrX/CuSCN/Ag solar cell architecture has been used and resulted in an optimized absorbing layer thickness at 0.5 µm thickness for the Cs2TiBr6, Cs2TiI1Br5, Cs2TiI2Br4, Cs2TiI3Br3 and Cs2TiI4Br2 absorbing materials and at 1.0 µm and 0.4 µm thickness for the Cs2TiI5Br1 and Cs2TiI6 absorbing materials. The device temperature was optimized at 40 °C for the Cs2TiBr6, Cs2TiI1Br5 and Cs2TiI2Br4 absorbing layers and at 20 °C for the Cs2TiI3Br3, Cs2TiI4Br2, Cs2TiI5Br1 and Cs2TiI6 absorbing layers. The defect density was optimized at 1010 (cm-3) for all the active layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Chakraborty
- Advanced Materials Research and Energy Application Laboratory, Department of Energy Engineering, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Nageswara Rao Medikondu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram 522302, India
| | - Kumutha Duraisamy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, KarpagaVinayaga College of Engineering and Technology, Chengalpattu 603308, India
| | - Naglaa F. Soliman
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walid El-Shafai
- Security Engineering Lab, Computer Science Department, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering, Faculty of Electronic Engineering, Menoufia University, Menouf 32952, Egypt
| | - Sunil Lavadiya
- Department of Information and Communication Technology, Marwadi University, Rajkot 360003, India
| | - Samrat Paul
- Advanced Materials Research and Energy Application Laboratory, Department of Energy Engineering, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Sudipta Das
- Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, IMPS College of Engineering and Technology, Malda 732103, India
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