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Yan Z, Fu W, Zhao L, Gao Z, Chen S, Wang Q, Long W. Effect of Compaction Degree on the Carbonation Properties of Steel Slag. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2025; 18:1629. [PMID: 40271844 PMCID: PMC11990159 DOI: 10.3390/ma18071629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2025] [Revised: 03/29/2025] [Accepted: 03/31/2025] [Indexed: 04/25/2025]
Abstract
Carbonation technology offers a novel approach to enhance steel slag performance, where the compaction degree plays a pivotal role in optimizing the carbonation process. This study reveals that as the compaction degree increases, the peak temperature in the carbonation environment gradually decreases, and the intensity of the carbonation reaction weakens. Post-carbonating, the compressive strength initially increases before declining, peaking at a compaction degree of 60%. At this optimal compaction degree, the material achieves a compressive strength of 124.4 MPa and a CO2 uptake of 14.5%. The analysis of pore size distribution and carbonation products reveals that steel slag compacts with lower compaction degrees exhibit larger internal pores, leading to dispersed and isolated carbonation products, which restrict performance improvement. Conversely, excessively high compaction degrees cause the premature blockage of gas diffusion pathways by calcium carbonate particles, which impede the carbonation process and degrade the mechanical performance. The moderate compaction of steel slag effectively prevents the early blockage of gas channels, and significantly facilitates the accumulation and bonding of carbonation products, thereby achieving the superior performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Yan
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (Z.Y.); (W.F.); (Z.G.); (S.C.); (Q.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry of Hubei Provincial, Wuhan 430068, China
- Hubei Engineering Laboratory of Automotive Lightweight Materials and Processing, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Wenxiao Fu
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (Z.Y.); (W.F.); (Z.G.); (S.C.); (Q.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry of Hubei Provincial, Wuhan 430068, China
- Hubei Engineering Laboratory of Automotive Lightweight Materials and Processing, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Longbin Zhao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (Z.Y.); (W.F.); (Z.G.); (S.C.); (Q.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry of Hubei Provincial, Wuhan 430068, China
- Hubei Engineering Laboratory of Automotive Lightweight Materials and Processing, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Ziyan Gao
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (Z.Y.); (W.F.); (Z.G.); (S.C.); (Q.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry of Hubei Provincial, Wuhan 430068, China
- Hubei Engineering Laboratory of Automotive Lightweight Materials and Processing, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (Z.Y.); (W.F.); (Z.G.); (S.C.); (Q.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry of Hubei Provincial, Wuhan 430068, China
- Hubei Engineering Laboratory of Automotive Lightweight Materials and Processing, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Qianruo Wang
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (Z.Y.); (W.F.); (Z.G.); (S.C.); (Q.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry of Hubei Provincial, Wuhan 430068, China
- Hubei Engineering Laboratory of Automotive Lightweight Materials and Processing, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Wei Long
- School of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; (Z.Y.); (W.F.); (Z.G.); (S.C.); (Q.W.)
- Key Laboratory of Green Materials for Light Industry of Hubei Provincial, Wuhan 430068, China
- Hubei Engineering Laboratory of Automotive Lightweight Materials and Processing, Wuhan 430068, China
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Quang HHP, Dinh NT, Truong QM, Nguyen PKT, Nguyen VH. Unlocking the potential of environmentally friendly adsorbent derived from industrial wastes: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 367:143662. [PMID: 39489305 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.143662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Revised: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/31/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
With increasing urbanization and industrialization, growing amounts of industrial waste, such as red mud (RM), fly ash (FA), blast furnace slag (BFS), steel slag (SS), and sludge, are being produced, exposing substantial threats to the environment and human health. Given that numerous researchers associate with conventional adsorbents, developing and utilizing industrial wastes derived from adsorption technology still has received limited attention. Utilizing this waste contributes to developing alternative materials with superior performance and significantly reduces the volume of solid waste. The excellent physical and chemical characteristics of these wastes are also investigated in this paper. This review attempts to demonstrate a comprehensive overview of the application of industrial waste-based adsorbent in the adsorption process for removing organic pollutants, dyes, metallic ions, non-metallic ions, and radioactive substances. In addition, industrial waste-based adsorbents are among the most promising and applicable techniques for pollutant removal, offering remarkable adsorption efficiency, rich surface chemistries, reasonable cost, simple operation, and low energy consumption. This review summarizes state-of-the-art advancements in engineered adsorbents (including physical and chemical modifications). It provides a holistic view regarding a comprehensive understanding of the mechanism involved in adsorption for water remediation. The challenges and the prospects for future research in applying these adsorbents are also elucidated, contributing to sustainable waste management and environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huy Hoang Phan Quang
- Faculty of Biology and Environment, Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry and Trade, 140 Le Trong Tan Street, Tay Thanh Ward, Tan Phu District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Nga Thi Dinh
- Institute of Environmental Science, Engineering and Management, Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, 12 Nguyen Van Bao Street, Ward 4, Go Vap District, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Quoc-Minh Truong
- Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, School of Law and Development Management, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong 75000, Viet Nam
| | - Phan Khanh Thinh Nguyen
- School of Chemical, Biological, and Battery Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, 13120, Republic of Korea.
| | - Van-Huy Nguyen
- Centre for Herbal Pharmacology and Environmental Sustainability, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam, 603103, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Wu H, Xu F, Li B, Gao Q. Study on Expansion Rate of Steel Slag Cement-Stabilized Macadam Based on BP Neural Network. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3558. [PMID: 39063850 PMCID: PMC11279239 DOI: 10.3390/ma17143558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
The physicochemical properties of steel slag were investigated using SEM and IR, and it was found that free calcium oxide and free magnesium oxide in steel slag produce calcium hydroxide when in contact with water, leading to volume expansion. Thus, the expansion rate of steel slag itself was first investigated, and it was found that the volume expansion of steel slag was more obvious in seven days after water immersion. Then, the cement dosages of 5% and 6% of the steel slag expansion rate and cement-stabilized gravel volume changes between the intrinsic link were further explored after the study found that the cement bonding effect can be partially inhibited due to the volume of expansion caused by the steel slag, so it can be seen that increasing the dosage of cement can reduce the volume expansion of steel slag cement-stabilized gravel with the same dosage of steel slag. Finally, a prediction model of the expansion rate of steel slag cement-stabilized gravel based on the BP (back propagation) neural network was established, which was verified to be a reliable basis for predicting the expansion rate of steel slag cement-stabilized aggregates and improving the accuracy of the proportioning design.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Qiju Gao
- School of Civil Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China; (H.W.)
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Zhao F, Hu J, Yang Y, Liu T. Experimental Study on Macro and Meso Characteristics of Steel-Slag-Based Cemented Backfill Due to Microbial Mineralization Action. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:3165. [PMID: 38998246 PMCID: PMC11242670 DOI: 10.3390/ma17133165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Steel slag is an industrial solid waste, which can provide a new calcium source for microbial mineralization as it contains abundant calcium elements. This study treated cemented backfill material with microorganisms and steel slag to enhance its performance. The influence of microbial treatment on the strength, microstructure, and pore characteristics of the backfill was assessed using a strength test, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that (1) the microbial mineralization and the hydration reaction take place at the same time; (2) when the proportion of bacterial solution exceeded 50%, microorganisms excessively consumed Ca2+, which hindered the following hydration reaction; (3) the additional amount of bacterial solution added into the steel-slag-based cemented backfill material should be less than 50%, which increases the strength by up to 22.10%; (4) the excessive bacterial solution sharply reduces the strength of the backfill even by 21.41%; and (5) the addition of bacterial solution affects the pore characteristics. A 50% bacterial solution can make backfill reach its lowest porosity. The strength has an inversely proportional relationship with porosity, diameter, and roundness (σ = ax + b, a < 0).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengwen Zhao
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (F.Z.); (Y.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Jianhua Hu
- Zijin School of Geology and Mining, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Yinan Yang
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (F.Z.); (Y.Y.); (T.L.)
| | - Taoying Liu
- School of Resources and Safety Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China; (F.Z.); (Y.Y.); (T.L.)
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Liu X, Zhang C, Yu H, Qian G, Zheng X, Zhou H, Huang L, Zhang F, Zhong Y. Research on the Properties of Steel Slag with Different Preparation Processes. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:1555. [PMID: 38612071 PMCID: PMC11012747 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
To promote the resource utilization of steel slag and improve the production process of steel slag in steelmaking plants, this research studied the characteristics of three different processed steel slags from four steelmaking plants. The physical and mechanical characteristics and volume stability of steel slags were analyzed through density, water absorption, and expansion tests. The main mineral phases, morphological characteristics, and thermal stability of the original steel slag and the steel slag after the expansion test are analyzed with X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) tests. The results show that the composition of steel slag produced by different processes is similar. The main active substances of other processed steel slags are dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium silicate (C3S), CaO, and MgO. After the expansion test, the main chemical products of steel slag are CaCO3, MgCO3, and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). Noticeable mineral crystals appeared on the surface of the steel slag after the expansion test, presenting tetrahedral or cigar-like protrusions. The drum slag had the highest density and water stability. The drum slag had the lowest porosity and the densest microstructure surface, compared with steel slags that other methods produce. The thermal stability of steel slag treated by the hot splashing method was relatively higher than that of steel slag treated by the other two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbei Liu
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (G.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (G.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Huanan Yu
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (G.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Guoping Qian
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (G.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Xiaoguang Zheng
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (G.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Lizhang Huang
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (G.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (G.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yixiong Zhong
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (G.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.H.); (F.Z.)
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