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Liu X, Zhang C, Yu H, Qian G, Zheng X, Zhou H, Huang L, Zhang F, Zhong Y. Research on the Properties of Steel Slag with Different Preparation Processes. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:1555. [PMID: 38612071 PMCID: PMC11012747 DOI: 10.3390/ma17071555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
To promote the resource utilization of steel slag and improve the production process of steel slag in steelmaking plants, this research studied the characteristics of three different processed steel slags from four steelmaking plants. The physical and mechanical characteristics and volume stability of steel slags were analyzed through density, water absorption, and expansion tests. The main mineral phases, morphological characteristics, and thermal stability of the original steel slag and the steel slag after the expansion test are analyzed with X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TG) tests. The results show that the composition of steel slag produced by different processes is similar. The main active substances of other processed steel slags are dicalcium silicate (C2S), tricalcium silicate (C3S), CaO, and MgO. After the expansion test, the main chemical products of steel slag are CaCO3, MgCO3, and calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H). Noticeable mineral crystals appeared on the surface of the steel slag after the expansion test, presenting tetrahedral or cigar-like protrusions. The drum slag had the highest density and water stability. The drum slag had the lowest porosity and the densest microstructure surface, compared with steel slags that other methods produce. The thermal stability of steel slag treated by the hot splashing method was relatively higher than that of steel slag treated by the other two methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingbei Liu
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (G.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Chao Zhang
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (G.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Huanan Yu
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (G.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Guoping Qian
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (G.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Xiaoguang Zheng
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design & Research Institute (Group) Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200092, China;
| | - Hongyu Zhou
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (G.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Lizhang Huang
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (G.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Feng Zhang
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (G.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.H.); (F.Z.)
| | - Yixiong Zhong
- School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering, National Engineering Research Center of Highway Maintenance Technology, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha 410114, China; (X.L.); (C.Z.); (G.Q.); (H.Z.); (L.H.); (F.Z.)
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Xue AL, Tian WX, Li WJ, Zheng MY, Wu F, Hong YL. [ Preparation process selection of presonalized traditional Chinese medicine concentrated watered pills containing heat-unstable components]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2024; 49:618-624. [PMID: 38621865 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20231127.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In the process of preparing presonalized concentrated watered pills, the decoction needs to be concentrated by heat and mixed with medicinal slices or powder to prepare a wet mass. However, some of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) components are easily decomposed or transformed by heat. In order to optimize the preparation process of presonalized TCM concentrated watered pills and reduce the loss of heat-unstable components in prescriptions, this study uses five compound TCM prescriptions containing heat-unstable components as model prescriptions, namely the Linggui Zhugan Formula, Xiaochengqi Formula, Sanpian Formula, Xiaoer Qixing Formula, and Xiaoyao Formula. Based on the two kinds of preparation process of presonalized concentrated watered pills previously established by our research group, whole extract concentrated watered pills and concentrated watered pills without excipients are prepared, respectively. Characteristic maps are measured and compared with those of the corresponding decoction. The results show that the characteristic maps of the concentrated watered pills without excipients of the five model prescriptions are very close to those of the decoction, and the number of characteristic peaks and peak areas are higher than those of whole extract concentrated watered pills. In addition, the peak area of some peaks is higher than that of the corresponding decoction. Thus, it is recommended to select the preparation process of prescription-based concentrated watered pills without excipients based on the "unification of medicines and excipients" to preserve those heat-unstable components more effectively when the prescription contains a heat-unstable component of TCM. This study provides a basis for the subsequent reasonable development and application of presonalized TCM pills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-le Xue
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen-Xiu Tian
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wen-Jie Li
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Min-Yue Zheng
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Innovative Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203, China Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yan-Long Hong
- Shanghai Innovation Center of TCM Health Service, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 201203, China Engineering Research Center of Modern Preparation Technology of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education Shanghai 201203, China
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Tang RH, Huang SL, Zhang ZF, Li CY, Tang SW, Zheng YF, Peng GP. [Preparation and effectiveness evaluation of placebo of Jiawei Ermiao Granules]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2024; 49:123-129. [PMID: 38403345 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20231101.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the preparation process of the placebo of Jiawei Ermiao Granules and evaluated the placebo effect, aiming to provide qualified placebo samples for clinical trials of Jiawei Ermiao Granules and a reference for the preparation and quality evaluation of placebos of traditional Chinese medicine granules. On the basis of the comprehensive analysis results of Jiawei Ermiao Granules, the orthogonal experiment was conducted to optimize the flavoring agents and colorants. After manual evaluation, the placebo formula was determined as dextrin 10 g, Codonopsis Radix extract 5.0 g, bitter melon extract 1.6 g, Mume Fructus extract 0.3 g, stevioside 0.1 g, sucrose octaacetate 0.004 g, indigo 0.004 g, lemon yellow 0.003 1 g, sunset yellow 0.001 8 g, bitter tea powder 0.001 8 g, caramel 0.001 3 g. Pilot trials were conducted on the placebo formula. The simulation effect of placebo was evaluated independently and comparatively, and the objectively evaluated by electronic nose and electronic tongue. The results showed that the independent manual evaluation of the placebo formula had higher error rate, and the placebo and Jiawei Ermiao Granules showed the similarity of 99.61% in the comparative manual evaluation. The smell similarity between the placebo and Jiawei Ermiao Granules was 99.19%, and the electronic tongue test showed little difference in the taste. In conclusion, the placebo prepared in this study shows a high similarity to Jiawei Ermiao Granules, which is not easy to break the blindness when being applied to clinical trials. This study provides a reference for the preparation and quality evaluation and promotes the large-scale production of placebos of traditional Chinese medicine granules, playing a role in improving the persuasiveness and acceptance of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruo-Han Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Sheng-Liang Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China Jiangsu Rongyu Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Huai'an 223000, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Cun-Yu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Shu-Wan Tang
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Yun-Feng Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Guo-Ping Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210023, China
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Cai J, Shen C, Ye M, Huang S, He J, Cui D. Influencing Factors of Porosity and Strength of Plant-Growing Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:31. [PMID: 38203885 PMCID: PMC10779908 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
A standardized preparation process is proposed in this study for achieving optimal strength and vegetative properties in vegetated concrete, using Yunnan red soil as a growth substrate for plants. The porosity of vegetated concrete is a crucial factor influencing plant growth, while compressive strength is a significant mechanical property. To assess the strength and porosity of vegetated concrete, different design porosities (22%, 24%, 26%, 28%) and cement-to-aggregate ratios (4, 5, 6, 7) were utilized in the preparation of vegetated concrete samples. The shell-making and static-pressure-molding methods were optimized for specimen preparation. Analyzing the stress-strain full curve characteristics of vegetation-type concrete under different influencing factors, an in-depth investigation into its failure mechanism was conducted. It was determined that the design porosity and cement content significantly impact the concrete's performance, particularly in terms of 30-day compressive strength and effective porosity. Furthermore, an increase in the fly ash ratio led to an increase in porosity and a decrease in compressive strength, providing a certain guidance for optimizing concrete performance. Comparative analysis through vegetation experiments revealed that black rye grass exhibited favorable growth adaptability compared to other grass species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiashi Cai
- Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (J.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Chunying Shen
- Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (J.C.); (D.C.)
| | - Ming Ye
- Sinohydro Bureau 6 Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110169, China; (M.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Siyang Huang
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jinxing He
- Sinohydro Bureau 6 Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110169, China; (M.Y.); (J.H.)
| | - Ding Cui
- Faculty of Electric Power Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China; (J.C.); (D.C.)
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Yi J, Hao R, Tang X, Guan S, Wang Z, Yin J. Study on the Effect of PTFE/Cu Composite Material Preparation Process on Penetration Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3504. [PMID: 37688130 PMCID: PMC10490509 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The jet formed by the traditional metal liner has a slender shape. The diameter of the jet head is consistent with that of the tail, and the ductility is good. When it is used to penetrate the target, it has a good damage effect. The low-density jet formed by the PTFE/Cu liner, according to the different preparation processes and densities, has different degrees of radial expansion. This phenomenon may lead to the expansion of the jet head during the penetration process, resulting in a damage effect, which is different from the previous jet on the target. In this paper, the numerical simulation of PTFE/Cu liners with different preparation processes penetrating steel targets is carried out, and the effects of different preparation processes and liner density on the penetration characteristics of jets penetrating steel targets are compared and analyzed. The PTFE/Cu shaped charge liner was processed according to different preparation processes, and the jet penetration steel target experiment was carried out, so as to verify and analyze the numerical simulation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianya Yi
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (R.H.); (S.G.); (Z.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Ruijie Hao
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (R.H.); (S.G.); (Z.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Xuezhi Tang
- Chongqing Hongyu Precision Industrial Co., Ltd., Chongqing 402760, China;
| | - Siman Guan
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (R.H.); (S.G.); (Z.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Zhijun Wang
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (R.H.); (S.G.); (Z.W.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jianping Yin
- School of Mechatronic Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China; (R.H.); (S.G.); (Z.W.); (J.Y.)
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Zhang D, Yu W, Zhang L, Hao X. Progress in the Synthesis and Application of Transparent Conducting Film of AZO (ZnO:Al). Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5537. [PMID: 37629828 PMCID: PMC10456026 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Due to the excellent performance and low cost of the new aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) film, it is expected to replace the mature indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) film. The research status and progress of AZO transparent conductive films are summarized in this review. Moreover, the structure, optoelectronic properties, and conductive mechanism of AZO thin films are also detailed. The thin films' main preparation processes and the advantages and disadvantages of each process method are mainly discussed, and their application fields are expounded. AZO thin films with multicomponent composite structures are one of the promising development directions in transparent conductive oxide (TCO) thin films. The development of various preparation processes has promoted the production and application of thin films on a broad scale. Finally, some improvement schemes have been proposed to improve the comprehensive performance of the film. The industrialization prospects of the AZO film, as well as its great development potential in the digital world, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (D.Z.); (W.Y.)
| | - Wenhe Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (D.Z.); (W.Y.)
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China;
| | - Xiangyang Hao
- Engineering Research Center of Ministry of Education for Geological Carbon Storage and Low Carbon Utilization of Resources, Beijing Key Laboratory of Materials Utilization of Nonmetallic Minerals and Solid Wastes, National Laboratory of Mineral Materials, School of Materials Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; (D.Z.); (W.Y.)
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Tang S, Chen Z, Chen F, Lai X, Wei Q, Chen X, Jiang C. Extraction and Surface Functionalization of Cellulose Nanocrystals from Sugarcane Bagasse. Molecules 2023; 28:5444. [PMID: 37513316 PMCID: PMC10386425 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to optimize the process for extracting cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) from sugarcane bagasse through ultrasonic-assisted sulfuric acid hydrolysis and its subsequent modification with L-malic acid and silane coupling agent KH-550. The effects of the different modification methods and the order of modification on the structures and properties of bagasse CNCs were explored. The results indicated that the optimal process conditions were achieved at an acid-digestion temperature of 50 °C, a reaction time of 70 min, an ultrasonic power of 250 W, and a volume fraction of 55%. The modified CNCs were analyzed using infrared spectral, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric techniques, which revealed that L-malic acid was attached to the hydroxyl group on the CNCs via ester bond formations, and the silane coupling agent KH-550 was adsorbed effectively on the CNCs' surfaces. Moreover, it was observed that the modification of the CNCs by L-malic acid and the KH-550 silane coupling agent occurred only on the surface, and the esterification-crosslinking modification method provided the best thermal stability. The performance of self-made CNC was found to be superior to that of purchased CNC based on the transmission electron microscopy analysis. Furthermore, the modified esterified-crosslinked CNCs exhibited the best structure and performance, thereby offering a potential avenue for the high-value utilization of sugarcane bagasse, a byproduct of sugarcane sugar production, and the expansion of the comprehensive utilization of sugarcane bagasse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Tang
- School of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin 546199, China
- Guangxi Sugar Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin 546199, China
- Institute of Modern Cane Sugar Industry Development, Guangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Laibin 546199, China
| | - Zhipeng Chen
- School of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin 546199, China
| | - Feifan Chen
- School of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin 546199, China
| | - Xuanren Lai
- School of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin 546199, China
| | - Qiaoyan Wei
- School of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin 546199, China
- Guangxi Sugar Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin 546199, China
- Institute of Modern Cane Sugar Industry Development, Guangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Laibin 546199, China
| | - Xianling Chen
- School of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin 546199, China
- Guangxi Sugar Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin 546199, China
- Institute of Modern Cane Sugar Industry Development, Guangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Laibin 546199, China
| | - Caiyun Jiang
- School of Food and Biochemical Engineering, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin 546199, China
- Guangxi Sugar Resources Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangxi Science & Technology Normal University, Laibin 546199, China
- Institute of Modern Cane Sugar Industry Development, Guangxi Science &Technology Normal University, Laibin 546199, China
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Yu L, Gao Y, Ye Z, Duan H, Zhao J, Zhang H, Narbad A, Tian F, Zhai Q, Chen W. Interaction of beta-glucans with gut microbiota: Dietary origins, structures, degradation, metabolism, and beneficial function. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-26. [PMID: 37272431 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2217727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Beta-glucan (BG), a polysaccharide comprised of interfacing glucose monomers joined via beta-glycosidic linkages, can be defined as a type of dietary fiber with high specificity based on its interaction with the gut microbiota. It can induce similar interindividual microbiota responses, thereby having beneficial effects on the human body. In this paper, we review the four main sources of BG (cereals, fungi, algae, and bacteria) and their differences in structure and content. The interaction of BG with gut microbiota and the resulting health effects have been highlighted, including immune enhancement, regulation of serum cholesterol and insulin levels, alleviation of obesity and improvement of cognitive disorders. Finally, the application of BG in food products and its beneficial effects on the gut microbiota of consumers were discussed. Although some of the mechanisms of action remain unclear, revealing the beneficial functions of BG from the perspective of gut microbiota can help provide theoretical support for the development of diets that target the regulation of microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zi Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Arjan Narbad
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- Gut Health and Microbiome Institute Strategic Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK
| | - Fengwei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Probiotics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Zhang S, Yang Y, Guo R, Yan Y, Huan H, Wan B. Study on the Low-Temperature Pre-Desulfurization of Crumb Rubber-Modified Asphalt. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102273. [PMID: 37242847 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Waste tires can be ground as crumb rubber (CR) and incorporated into asphalt pavement for efficient resource utilization. However, due to its thermodynamic incompatibility with asphalt, CR cannot be uniformly dispersed in the asphalt mix. In order to address this issue, pretreating the CR with desulfurization is a common way to restore some of the properties of natural rubber. The main technique of desulfurization and degradation is dynamic desulfurization, requiring a high temperature that may lead to asphalt fires, aging, and the volatilization of light substances, generating toxic gases and resulting in environmental pollution. Therefore, a green and low-temperature controlled desulfurization technology is proposed in this study to exploit the maximum potential of CR desulfurization and obtain high-solubility "liquid waste rubber" (LWR) close to the ultimate regeneration level. In this work, LWR-modified asphalt (LRMA) with superior low-temperature performance and processability, stable storage, and less susceptibility to segregation was developed. Nevertheless, its rutting and deformation resistance deteriorated at high temperatures. The results showed that the proposed CR-desulfurization technology could produce LWR with 76.9% solubility at a low temperature of 160 °C, which is close to or even better than the finished products produced at the preparation temperature of TB technology, i.e., 220-280 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibo Zhang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Kunming 650500, China
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Kunming 650500, China
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Rongxin Guo
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Kunming 650500, China
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yong Yan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Kunming 650500, China
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Haiyang Huan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Kunming 650500, China
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Bangwei Wan
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Disaster Reduction in Civil Engineering, Kunming 650500, China
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
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Hui YJ, Yu JG, Tang ZS, Wang M, Song ZX, Liu HN, Zhou JP, Cao ZJ. [Comparison of therapeutic efficacy of Wuling Capsules prepared with different methods for rats with syndrome of liver Qi stagnation, spleen deficiency, and blood stasis]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2022; 47:6380-6390. [PMID: 36604883 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220128.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Wuling Capsules is one of the commonly used drugs for the clinical treatment of chronic hepatitis B with the syndrome of liver Qi stagnation, spleen deficiency, and blood stasis. However, the present preparation method of Wuling Capsules ignores some macromolecules like polysaccharides. In this study, the influences of different ethanol concentrations in the preparation process on the extraction rates of macro-and micro-molecules were investigated. Further, the therapeutic efficacy of Wuling Capsules was evaluated with the reserpine-induced rat model of liver Qi stagnation, spleen deficiency, and blood stasis. When 50% ethanol was used for the last time of extraction, the concentrations of polysaccharides, salvianolic acid B, and schisandrin in the extract, as well as the dry extract yield, increased significantly compared with those of the original preparation method. However, the fingerprints of micro-molecules showed little difference between the two methods, with a similarity of 0.862. The study then set the 50% ethanol extraction as the new preparation method. The pharmacodynamics evaluation showed that the Wuling Capsules prepared with the original and new methods both significantly alleviated the emotional depression and metabolic disturbance in model rats, demonstrating good performance in protecting the rats against gastric mucosal injuries, modulating intestinal function, and activating blood circulation. The mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of gastrointestinal hormone secretion, reduction of inflammation, and promotion of dopamine synthesis in cortex and hippocampus. At the same dose, the Wuling Capsules prepared with the original and new methods showed roughly the same overall therapeutic efficacy. However, the Wuling Capsules prepared with the new method had stronger effect in activating blood circulation and modulating inflammation, but weaker effects in regulating gastrin and dopamine. The present study provides basis data for optimizing the preparation process of Wuling Capsules and deciphering the mechanism of its therapeutic effect on liver Qi stagnation, spleen deficiency, and blood stasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jing Hui
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization/State Key Laboratory of Research& Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation)/Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Jin-Gao Yu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization/State Key Laboratory of Research& Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation)/Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Zhi-Shu Tang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization/State Key Laboratory of Research& Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation)/Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712046, China China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization/State Key Laboratory of Research& Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation)/Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Zhong-Xing Song
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicine Resources Industrialization/State Key Laboratory of Research& Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation)/Shaanxi Innovative Drug Research Center, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712046, China
| | - Hong-Na Liu
- Tsing Hua De Ren Xi'an Happiness Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Xi'an 710043, China
| | - Jian-Ping Zhou
- Tsing Hua De Ren Xi'an Happiness Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Xi'an 710043, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Cao
- Tsing Hua De Ren Xi'an Happiness Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Xi'an 710043, China
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11
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Yin XB, Qu CH, Dong XX, Shen MR, Ni J. [Preparation regularity of Chinese patent medicine in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition, Vol.Ⅰ)]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2022; 47:4529-4535. [PMID: 36046882 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20220419.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Chinese Pharmacopoeia is an important part of drug standards in China, and it is also a legal basis that must be strictly followed in drug development, production, operation, application, and management. The information on prescriptions, preparation methods, properties, identification, inspection, content determination, functions and indications, usage and dosage, precautions, specifications, and storage of Chinese patent medicine preparations included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(Vol.Ⅰ) was clarified. The "Preparation Method" section describes the preparation process of Chinese patent medicine from decoction pieces to finished preparations in detail and specifies the preparation production methods and parameters, which has a good guiding and standardizing effect on the production of Chinese patent medicine in China. The present study summarized the preparation methods of Chinese patent medicine preparations and single drug preparations contained in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition, Vol.Ⅰ) in stages and analyzed the common preparation methods and technical parameters of Chinese patent medicine preparations, which is helpful to understand the current situation of Chinese patent medicine production technology in China and can provide references for the development of new Chinese medicine, the transformation of large varieties of Chinese patent medicine, and the optimization of preparation process of Chinese patent medicine in the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Bin Yin
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Chang-Hai Qu
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Dong
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
| | - Ming-Rui Shen
- Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission Beijing 100061, China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488, China
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12
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Wang J, Zhong C, Hao S, Lv N, Wang L. Design of Planar Array Transducers Based on Connected 1-3 Piezoelectric Composites. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:mi12111417. [PMID: 34832830 PMCID: PMC8623597 DOI: 10.3390/mi12111417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
To improve the transmission performance and preparation of a transducer array, two planar array transducers based on connected 1–3 piezoelectric composites as a matrix were designed. Each transducer contained 25 array elements with a gap of 1 mm between them. The length, width and height of each array element were 1 mm, 26 mm and 5 mm, respectively. Two kinds of array transducers were tested through finite element simulation and experiments. The array transducer prototype was fabricated based on two kinds of composite materials, and the fabrication cycle was short. Our results show that the maximum transmission voltage response of the two-phase 1–3 full array driver is up to 179 dB at 200–400 kHz and the acoustic radiation intensity can be increased by up to 22% compared with the traditional splicing transducer array. It is suitable for short-range target positioning and measurement. Moreover, in the single element mode, the beam of the three-phase 1–3 transducer has no sidelobe and a single element −3 dB beam width of up to 91°. Furthermore, the beam width of the two-phase 1–3 type is 54°, and the acoustic radiation breadth is improved by 40.6%. The three-phase 1–3 type array transducer has the characteristics of concentrated acoustic transmission energy of the whole array, and its −3 dB beam width is 3.5°. The beam width decreased by 12.5%, indicating that the three-phase 1–3 type transducer is suitable for short-range target detection and perception. The two array transducers have their own advantages in transmitting the voltage response and beam width, which must be selected on the basis of the requirements of practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100101, China; (J.W.); (C.Z.); (N.L.)
| | - Chao Zhong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100101, China; (J.W.); (C.Z.); (N.L.)
| | - Shaohua Hao
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China;
| | - Ning Lv
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100101, China; (J.W.); (C.Z.); (N.L.)
| | - Likun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Sensor, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing 100101, China; (J.W.); (C.Z.); (N.L.)
- School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-136-7105-5786
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Li S, Zhao C, Wang F, Hu M, Ji Z, Sugiyama S. Preparation Process and Phase Transformation of Al-5Ti-0.25C Master Alloy Adopting Ti Machining Chips. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:5783. [PMID: 34640180 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The refining performance of Al-Ti-C master alloys is substantially compromised by the inferior wettability between graphite and molten aluminum. In this paper, the Al-5Ti-0.25C master alloy was successfully prepared by reacting Ti machining chips, graphite, and molten aluminum. In order to determine a simple method of improving the wettability, the optimal preparation process and phase transformation of the Al-5Ti-0.25C master alloy were investigated using an optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer, and scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer. The results show that the feeding method using a prefabricated block made from Ti chips, Al chips, and graphite effectively improves the wettability between graphite and molten aluminum and increases the recovery rate of graphite. When the reaction temperature is low (1223 K), the agglomeration of TiAl3 is caused. When the reaction temperature is high (1373 K), the morphology of TiAl3 changes from block-like to needle-like and increases its size. Further, a short reaction time (30 min) results in the incomplete dissolution of the Ti chips, while a long reaction time (90 min) causes the TiAl3 to transform into needle-like morphologies. The microstructural observation of undissolved Ti chips shows that TiAl3 and TiC are formed around it, which proves the transformation of Ti chips to TiAl3 and TiC. In addition, the enrichment of TiC and Al4C3 was observed in the vicinity of TiAl3, and a reaction model for the formation of TiC from the reaction of Al4C3 and TiAl3 was presented.
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Lu Z, He B, Chen J, Wu LJ, Chen XB, Ye SQ, Yang WH, Shao ZY, Jin EG, Wang SJ, Zhou HB, Cao JY. Optimisation of the Conversion and Extraction of Arctigenin From Fructus arctii Into Arctiin Using Fungi. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:663116. [PMID: 34135874 PMCID: PMC8200475 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.663116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fructus arctii is commonly used in Chinese medicine, and arctiin and arctigenin are its main active ingredients. Arctiin has low bioavailability in the human body and needs to be converted into arctigenin by intestinal microbes before it can be absorbed into the blood. Arctigenin has antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumour effects and its development has important value. In this study, we used external microbial fermentation with Aspergillus awamori and Trichoderma reesei to process and convert arctiin from F. arctii powder into arctigenin, hence increasing its bioavailability. We developed a fermentation process by optimising the carbon and nitrogen source/ratio, fermentation time, pH, liquid volume, inoculation volume, and substrate solid-liquid ratio. This allowed for an arctiin conversion rate of 99.84%, and the dissolution rate of the final product was 95.74%, with a loss rate as low as 4.26%. After the fermentation of F. arctii powder, the average yield of arctigenin is 19.51 mg/g. Crude fermented F. arctii extract was purified by silica gel column chromatography, and we observed an arctigenin purity of 99.33%. Our technique effectively converts arctiin and extracts arctigenin from F. arctii and provides a solid basis for further development and industrialisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, China
| | - Bin He
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Li-Jun Wu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xia-Bing Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Sheng-Qiang Ye
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen-Hai Yang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Shao
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Er-Guang Jin
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Si-Jiu Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong-Bo Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ji-Yue Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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15
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Zhang Q, Qin Y, Duan G, Ou W, Wang Y, Zhang W. A Microstructural Study of the O/W Primary Emulsion on the Formation of Oil-in-Water-in-Oil Multiple Emulsion. Curr Drug Deliv 2021; 18:994-1002. [PMID: 33388020 DOI: 10.2174/1567201818666210101114517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the influence of the preparation process and composition on the microstructure of the O/W primary emulsions and the corresponding impact on the formation of oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) multiple emulsions. OBJECTIVES Multiple emulsions were prepared by a two-step emulsification method and the microstructure was characterized by the microscope. METHODS The primary emulsion was prepared by four kinds of preparation methods, which include both high-energy and low-energy emulsification, and then the primary emulsion was re-emulsified by stirring in the outer phase. RESULT Through the theoretical investigation and the corresponding verification experiments of the interfacial film, the geometric reason for O/W/O multiple emulsion which was relatively difficult to prepare has been found. The microstructure of O/W particles was more obvious, and the particle size became smaller with the increase of the hydrophilic emulsifier amount beneficial to the formation and stability of O/W/O structures. However, the excess emulsifier that existed in the water phase could interfere the stability of the W/O interface. Moreover, the viscosity of inner oil phase had a large influence on the formation of O/W/O emulsion by affecting the particle size of the primary emulsion and the dynamic equilibrium between the inner and outer oil phase. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that fine multiple emulsions were formed when the particle size of the primary emulsion was moderate since the large particles would break through the outer interface membrane and small particles would combine with the outer oil phase due to the Ostwald ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianjie Zhang
- Division of Perfume and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yubo Qin
- Division of Perfume and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Guolan Duan
- Division of Perfume and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhua Ou
- Division of Perfume and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Shanghai Maikunte Medical Technology Co., LTD, Shanghai 201415, China
| | - Wanping Zhang
- Division of Perfume and Cosmetics, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, China
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16
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Yi T, Zhao H, Mo Q, Pan D, Liu Y, Huang L, Xu H, Hu B, Song H. From Cellulose to Cellulose Nanofibrils-A Comprehensive Review of the Preparation and Modification of Cellulose Nanofibrils. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E5062. [PMID: 33182719 PMCID: PMC7697919 DOI: 10.3390/ma13225062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This review summarizes the preparation methods of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and the progress in the research pertaining to their surface modification. Moreover, the preparation and surface modification of nanocellulose were comprehensively introduced based on the existing literature. The review focuses on the mechanical treatment of cellulose, the surface modification of fibrillated fibers during pretreatment, the surface modification of nanocellulose and the modification of CNFs and their functional application. In the past five years, research on cellulose nanofibrils has progressed with developments in nanomaterials research technology. The number of papers on nanocellulose alone has increased by six times. However, owing to its high energy consumption, high cost and challenging industrial production, the applications of nanocellulose remain limited. In addition, although nanofibrils exhibit strong biocompatibility and barrier and mechanical properties, their high hydrophilicity limits their practical application. Current research on cellulose nanofibrils has mainly focused on the industrial production of CNFs, their pretreatment and functional modification and their compatibility with other biomass materials. In the future, with the rapid development of modern science and technology, the demand for biodegradable biomass materials will continue to increase. Furthermore, research on bio-based nanomaterials is expected to advance in the direction of functionalization and popularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tan Yi
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China; (T.Y.); (H.Z.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (L.H.); (H.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Hanyu Zhao
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China; (T.Y.); (H.Z.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (L.H.); (H.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Qi Mo
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China; (T.Y.); (H.Z.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (L.H.); (H.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Donglei Pan
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China; (T.Y.); (H.Z.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (L.H.); (H.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China; (T.Y.); (H.Z.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (L.H.); (H.X.); (B.H.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Lijie Huang
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China; (T.Y.); (H.Z.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (L.H.); (H.X.); (B.H.)
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Clean Pulp & Papermaking and Pollution Control, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Hao Xu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China; (T.Y.); (H.Z.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (L.H.); (H.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Bao Hu
- College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Guangxi University, Junwu Rd, Xixiangtang District, Nanning 530004, China; (T.Y.); (H.Z.); (Q.M.); (D.P.); (L.H.); (H.X.); (B.H.)
| | - Hainong Song
- Guangxi Bossco Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., 12 Kexing Road, High-tech Zone, Nanning 530012, China;
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Wu ZS, Shi HF, Zeng JQ, Zhang J, Liao Y, Huang XG, Zheng YF, Wang J, Wang Q. [Study on famous prescription of prestigious traditional Chinese medicine based on QbD concept: optimization of extraction process and granule forming process of Tuomin Dingchuan Prescription]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:4322-4328. [PMID: 31872616 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190629.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The quality of compound traditional Chinese medicine is the prerequisite and foundation for its stable efficacy. Based on the quality by design( QbD) concept,the controllable extraction times,extraction time and the ratio of water were the critical process parameters( CPPs) in the Tuomin Dingchuan Prescription extraction process. The CQAs corresponding to CPPs were screened from the four potential critical quality attributes( p CQAs),namely the extraction amount of solid matter,the content of amygdalin,the content of cimicifugoside and the content of 5-O-methylvisammioside by orthogonal experiment. The extraction amount of solid matter and the content of amygdalin were determined as CQAs in the extraction process by the variance analysis of Box-Behnken experimental. The optimal extraction process based on the linear model between CQAs and CPPs of the extraction process was immersion in water for 30 minutes,extraction for three times,extraction for 100 minutes each time and 10 times of water volume. The control space was established for the extraction amount of solid matter and the content of amygdalin,and both of them could be controlled simultaneously to achieve the optimization objective. The molding ratio of Tuomin Dingchuan granules was regarded as CQA in forming process. On the basis of the single factor investigation,the ratio of dry extract powder to excipient and the ratio of ethanol were determined as CPPs. The central composite design( CCD) was used to optimize the forming process of Tuomin Dingchuan granules. The results showed that the dextrin was used as the filler; the ratio of dry paste to dextrin was 1 ∶1; and 0. 3 m L·g-1 of 70% ethanol was added as binder. The soft material and granules conformed to the actual production requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Sheng Wu
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488,China
| | - Han-Fen Shi
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488,China
| | - Jing-Qi Zeng
- College of Pharmacy,Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzhou 350122,China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Pharmacy,Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Fuzhou 350122,China
| | - Yuan Liao
- College of Pharmacy,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xi'an 712046,China
| | - Xing-Guo Huang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488,China
| | - Yan-Fei Zheng
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488,China
| | - Ji Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488,China
| | - Qi Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 102488,China
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18
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Sun Q, Li XF, Luo KP, Zhao TT, Ma ZB, Zheng Y, Xie L. [Optimization of preparation procedures for nano-sponges of flavonoids fromGlycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma by Box-Behnken response surface methodology based on CRITIC weighted evaluation]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 43:4855-4861. [PMID: 30717531 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20181105.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, nano-sponges of flavonoids from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma (LF-NSP) were prepared by agitation-freeze drying method. Box-benhnken design and response surface method based on the single factor experiment was used to optimize the preparation process, with the stirring temperature as well as stirring time and speed as the independent variables, while with drug loading, particle size and the generalized "normalized value" as the response values. In addition, the nano-sponges were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), infraredspectroscopy (FT-IR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and its release in vitro was also investigated. The results showed that the optimum preparation conditions for glycyrrhizin nano-sponges were as follows:The proportion of main drug and auxiliary drug was 1:2; the proportion of crosslinking agent DPC and β-CD was 4:1; stirring temperature 45 °C for 4.8 h at 245 r·min⁻¹. The comprehensive score of LF-NSP prepared under these conditions was 94.78. FT-IR and DSC results indicated the formation of Glycyrrhiza flavonoids nano-sponges, and SEM showed that they were spherical particles in shape. In release experiment in vitro, the cumulative release of glycyrrhizin flavonoids nano-sponges for 240 min was 81.8%, while that of crude drug was only 31.5%. Nano-sponges can significantly improve the dissolution of flavonoids from Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources in Sichuan Province-Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Co-founded by Sichuan Province and MOST, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Li
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources in Sichuan Province-Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Co-founded by Sichuan Province and MOST, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Kai-Pei Luo
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources in Sichuan Province-Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Co-founded by Sichuan Province and MOST, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Tian-Tian Zhao
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources in Sichuan Province-Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Co-founded by Sichuan Province and MOST, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Zu-Bing Ma
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources in Sichuan Province-Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Co-founded by Sichuan Province and MOST, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources in Sichuan Province-Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Co-founded by Sichuan Province and MOST, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Long Xie
- Pharmacy College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Systematic Research, Development and Utilization of Chinese Medicine Resources in Sichuan Province-Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Co-founded by Sichuan Province and MOST, Chengdu 611137, China
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Hao YD, Li DH, Wang JN. [Research and application of quality standard for standard decoction of Chrysanthemi Flos]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2018; 43:2720-2725. [PMID: 30111022 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.2018.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Standard decoction of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is prepared by standardized process, and can be used as references to evaluate the quality of dosage forms such as decoction and dispensing granules. In order to determine the quality evaluation method for standard decoction of Chrysanthemi Flos and investigate its application, 10 batches of white chrysanthemum of Hangzhou were collected to prepare the standard decoction of white chrysanthemum of Hangzhou with standardized process parameters. Parameters such as traits, relative density, pH value, extraction ratio, transfer rate and fingerprint were selected as the indexes for quality evaluation. The established quality evaluation method for standard decoction of Chrysanthemi Flos was applied in the detection of two types of commercial Chrysanthemum dispensing granules. The results showed that the standard decoction of Chrysanthemi Flos was a clear yellow-brown aqueous solution; the relative density was 1.007-1.011; the pH value was between 5.37-5.56; the average extraction ratio was 23.6%, ranging from 19.93% to 29.69%; the average transfer ratewas 56.2% in terms of chlorogenic acid, 57.4% in terms of luteoloside and 30.6% in terms of 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid. Fingerprint similarity was between 0.864-0.989.The method showed good precision, stability and repeatability in fingerprint analysis, indicating reliable and representative results for standard decoction of Chrysanthemi Flos, and it can be used to evaluate and standardize other dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Hao
- Beijing Haidian District Food and Drug Safety Monitoring Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Dong-Hui Li
- Beijing Haidian District Food and Drug Safety Monitoring Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jian-Nong Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
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Iminjan M, Cheng XM, Abudu N, Nurulla A, Ji ZH, Upur H. [Process of gallnut suppository preparation]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2017; 42:3136-3142. [PMID: 29171232 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20170705.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The main objective was to research the process of gallnut suppository preparation with its water extract as the main drug, and evaluate its irritation to rectal mucosa. gallnut extract was obtained by decocting method, and its suppository preparation was obtained by fusion method with semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil as the matrix. Weight difference and in vitro melting time limit of the suppository were assayed and UV-Vis was used to determine the contents of polyphenols, tannin and saccharide. The irritation to colon mucosa was evaluated after successive administration of 14 days to New Zealand white rabbits. Finally, the prescription compositions were determined: semi-synthetic aliphatic esters and rose flower oil with the ratio of 2:1 as the proper matrix, with the drug loading of 54%. The prepared suppository was brown, conical and smooth. The weight difference was (1.43±0.03) g, with an average melting time limit of (17±2) min. The Contents of Polyphenols, tannic and polysaccharide were 332.4, 245.0, 3.3 mg•g-1 respectively in each suppository. The results also showed that the continuous administration had no irritation to rectal mucosa. It can be concluded that the suppository was an acceptable administrate form, whose preparation process was easily controlled, and with no irritation to rectum mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubarak Iminjan
- Xinjiang Qikang Habo Uyghur Medicine Company Limited by Shares, Urumqi 830026, China.,College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | - Xue-Mei Cheng
- Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Nazuk Abudu
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China
| | | | - Zhi-Hong Ji
- Xinjiang Qikang Habo Uyghur Medicine Company Limited by Shares, Urumqi 830026, China
| | - Halmurat Upur
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Food and Drug Administration, Urumqi 830001, China
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21
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Liu Y, Wang G, Zhong QX, Wu H, Song J, Feng L, Jia XB. [Influence factors of hepatotoxicity of traditional Chinese medicine preparation products based on multidimensional structure dynamic process]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2017; 42:3031-3035. [PMID: 29171217 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20170714.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) products are the finished products by adopting certain preparation processes according to the profile of the herbs, with Chinese herbs or decoction pieces as the raw materials.Among their adverse reactions to the organs, hepatotoxicity can not be ignored. As a new stage of quality control in TCM, dynamic quality control system of the multidemensional structure process emphasized on the research of the effectiveness and safety, focused on the pretreatment, preparation process,dosage forms and drug delivery methods to control the quality of TCM preparation products and reduce the generation of hepatotoxicity.In this paper, we will start from these factors to discuss the causes of hepatotoxicity underlying drug products and hope to provide the reference for developing low toxicity and high quality modern Chinese medicine products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Gang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Qing-Xiang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.,College of Third Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng 210028, China
| | - Hao Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.,Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Jie Song
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.,College of Third Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng 210028, China
| | - Liang Feng
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Xiao-Bin Jia
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Delivery Systems of Chinese Materia Medica, Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China.,College of Third Clinical Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjng 210028, China
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Lan JP, Hu YJ, Wang YQ, Wang XC, Xiong Y, Yang M. [Correlation between Andrographis Herba preparation's fingerprint, pharmacological activity and preparation process]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2016; 41:2802-8. [PMID: 28914019 DOI: 10.4268/cjcmm20161509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Process design grants the quality connotation to products. This paper was to investigate the correlation between changes of chemical fingerprints of Andrographis Herba preparation and its pharmacological activity, and set up the bridge between key process and quality attributes. By referring to the preparation process of Andrographis Herba. preparation (extracting-concentrating-drying-granulation), HPLC fingerprints were employed to determine the difference of the effective materials of the intermediate micro components. Cluster analysis results indicated that the extraction link had great influence on quality connotation variation of Andrographis Herba preparation. The pharmacological activity of various intermediates was continuously decreased in the models of DPPH antioxidant activity and LPS-induced anti-inflammatory activity in mice peritoneal macrophages. Traditional high temperature treatment process was detrimental to its clinical effect from the curve equation between the key process parameters and pharmacodynamic activity. Partial least square (PLS) was used to construct spectrum-efficiency model equation, and it was verified that this equation could accurately predict the relationship between fingerprints and pharmacological activity, which would facilitate the subsequent evaluation of quality attributes and provide scientific basis for further quality control of the whole process.
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Jiang Z, Xu Y, Su Y. Preparation process of active enzymolysis polypeptides from seahorse bone meal. Food Sci Nutr 2014; 2:490-9. [PMID: 25473507 PMCID: PMC4237479 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The preparation process of protein enzymolysis technology for the three-spot seahorse (Hippocampus trimaculatus Leach) degreased bone meal was developed. Two enzymes with better enzymolysis effect were selected from the five proteases, and the optimization condition of the Alkaline Protease is temperature - 54.7°C, pH - 9, duration of 6 h, the acquired rate of polypeptides was 11.77%; and that of Trypsin is temperature - 45°C, pH - 8.8, and duration of 4 h, and the rate was 11.49% by Response Surface Methodology. The strategy of compound enzymes was "Trypsin + Alkaline Protease". The selected preparation process of active polypeptides by the compound enzymolysis technology acquired rate of polypeptides was 14.41 ± 0.16%, increased about 3% of acquired rate of polypeptides and 2.6-4.5% of the free radical scavenging rate than those of the single enzyme. The increased antioxidant capacity mainly came from the increased concentration of polypeptide in II(#) peak, which increased about 10% of the free radical scavenging rate. The strategy of selected compound enzymes can effectively improve the utilization rate of seahorse protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanzhi Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University/Key Laboratory for Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yongjian Xu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University/Key Laboratory for Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yuting Su
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University/Key Laboratory for Applied Marine Biotechnology of Ministry of Education Ningbo, 315211, China
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