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Guo W, Shao T, Peng Y, Wang H, Chen ZS, Su H. Chemical composition, biological activities, and quality standards of hawthorn leaves used in traditional Chinese medicine: a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1275244. [PMID: 37927599 PMCID: PMC10623334 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1275244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hawthorn leaves also known as crataegi foilum, are a combination of botanical drugs used commonly in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Hawthorn, the plant from which hawthorn leaves are prepared, is distributed in Northeast China, North China, and other regions in China. Hawthorn leaves are known to activate blood circulation and eliminate stasis, invigorating Qi, eliminating turbidity, and reducing the levels of lipids. So far, over a hundred compounds have been isolated from hawthorn leaves, including flavonoids, terpenoids, lignans, organic acids, and nitrogenous compounds. Hawthorn leaves are used for the treatment of hypertension, protecting against ischemic injury, angina, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and certain other conditions. Several of the currently available clinical preparations also use hawthorn leaves as raw materials, such as Yixintong capsules, Xinan capsules, etc. The present report systematically reviews the chemical composition, biological activities, and quality standards of hawthorn leaves, to provide a scientific basis and reference for detailed research on hawthorn leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Guo
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Lanzhou, China
| | - Tingting Shao
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Peng
- The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haitao Wang
- Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Haixiang Su
- Gansu Provincial Cancer Hospital, Gansu Provincial Academic Institute for Medical Research, Lanzhou, China
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Fu TT, Yin XB, Cai MR, Zhu RY, Huang HT, Liao SL, Qu CH, Dong XX, Zhou YH, Ni J. [Varieties systematization and standards status analysis of fermented Chinese medicine]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2023; 48:2699-2712. [PMID: 37282930 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20230308.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fermented Chinese medicine has long been used. Amid the advance for preservation of experience, the connotation of fermented Chinese medicine has been enriched and improved. However, fermented Chinese medicine prescriptions generally contain a lot of medicinals. The fermentation process is complicated and the conventional fermentation conditions fail to be strictly controlled. In addition, the judgment of the fermentation end point is highly subjective. As a result, quality of fermented Chinese medicine is of great difference among regions and unstable. At the moment, the quality standards of fermented Chinese medicine are generally outdated and different among regions, with simple quality control methods and lacking objective safe fermentation-specific evaluation indictors. It is difficult to comprehensively evaluate and control the quality of fermented medicine. These problems have aroused concern in the industry and also affected the clinical application of fermented Chinese medicine. This article summarized and analyzed the application, quality standards, and the modernization of fermentation technology and quality control methods of fermented Chinese medicine and proposed suggestions for improving the quality standards of the medicine, with a view to improving the overall quality of it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Fu
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Xing-Bin Yin
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Meng-Ru Cai
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Rong-Yue Zhu
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Hua-Ting Huang
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Shi-Lang Liao
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Chang-Hai Qu
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Xiao-Xu Dong
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
| | - Yue-Hua Zhou
- Center for Drug Evaluation, National Medical Products Administration Beijing 100022, China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029,China
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Horrillo A, Gaspar P, Muñoz Á, Escribano M, González E. Fattening Iberian Pigs Indoors vs. Outdoors: Production Performance and Market Value. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13. [PMID: 36766395 DOI: 10.3390/ani13030506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The current Quality Standard regulating the Iberian pig provides for various differentiated farming systems subject to the type of management implemented and the breed of the pigs. This study attempts to analyse the differences between two of these production systems, i.e., the outdoor and the indoor rearing systems by comparing the main technical and economic factors of six farms, three operating under each system, in order to ascertain the most profitable production system. This analysis is based on the information provided by the farm owners. It also evaluates the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak had on profitability. The results show that both systems spend the same resources on animal feed, which represents nearly 60% of the expense, with the price of purchase of piglets representing 30-32% of the total; however, there are differences in the cost of labour, which is higher in the outdoor variant. In economic terms, outdoor farms obtained a higher gross margin than indoor farms did. Although their production costs are higher, these are offset with larger incomes due to the higher market price of the pigs at the time of slaughter. Lastly, all the farms under study reveal large financial losses on account of COVID-19, given that there was a general decrease in the revenues due to the decrease in the selling price of the pigs, which seems to be the most determinant factor for the economic profits made by these kinds of farms.
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Binyatova AS, Unasova TN, Iliasova TN, Sarkisyan KА, Fadeikina OV, Movsesyants AA. [Quality analysis of a combined domestic vaccine for the prevention of measles, rubella and mumps]. Vopr Virusol 2022; 67:414-422. [PMID: 36515287 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The need to maintain a high level of vaccination coverage against measles, rubella and mumps in conditions of an increased risk of outbreaks of infections due to violations of vaccination tactics associated with the pandemic of coronavirus infection and due to the unfavorable epidemic situation in neighboring countries determines the advisability of using a combined vaccine for the simultaneous prevention of these three socially significant infections. THE AIM OF THE STUDY to analyze the quality of commercial series of a new domestic combined cultured live vaccine against measles, rubella and mumps (MRM) throughout the entire time of its manufacturing according to all specification indicators in regulatory documentation (RD). MATERIALS AND METHODS The object of the study was the combined cultured live vaccine against measles, rubella and mumps. The analysis of the quality of the drug was carried out according to 86 consolidated production protocols of manufactured series, as well as according to the results of control of these series in the Testing Center for Quality Expertise of the Federal State Budgetary Institution NCESMP of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. RESULTS It is shown that the quality of the combined drug for the prevention of measles, rubella and mumps corresponds to the RD in all studied indicators. The drug does not contain an antibiotic. Bovine serum albumin, which is a technological impurity, is detected in quantities more than 5 times lower than the established norm. A comparison of the specific activity of the viral components of new combined domestic vaccine and the components of the bivalent vaccine against measles and mumps produced by the company in 20192021 showed that the spread of the activity values of the viral components in the new drug and in the series of mumps-measles vaccine was minimal, which allowed us to make a conclusion about the stability of the production technology. CONCLUSION The quality of the new domestic combined vaccine for the prevention of measles, rubella and mumps meets WHO requirements. The results of the conducted studies indicate the stability of production and the standard quality of the drug. The use of a combined vaccine against three significant infections will ensure the necessary level of vaccination coverage in the population. Information about the results of studies can help reduce the number of vaccination refusal.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Binyatova
- Scientific Center for Examination of Medical Devices
| | - T N Unasova
- Scientific Center for Examination of Medical Devices
| | - T N Iliasova
- Scientific Center for Examination of Medical Devices
| | - K А Sarkisyan
- Scientific Center for Examination of Medical Devices
| | - O V Fadeikina
- Scientific Center for Examination of Medical Devices
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Scherer J, Youssef Y, Dittrich F, Albrecht UV, Tsitsilonis S, Jung J, Pförringer D, Landgraeber S, Beck S, Back DA. Proposal of a New Rating Concept for Digital Health Applications in Orthopedics and Traumatology. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022; 19:14952. [PMID: 36429670 PMCID: PMC9690508 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192214952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related mobile applications (apps) are rapidly increasing in number. There is an urgent need for assessment tools and algorithms that allow the usability and content criteria of these applications to be objectively assessed. The aim of this work was to establish and validate a concept for orthopedic societies to rate health apps to set a quality standard for their safe use. METHODS An objective rating concept was created, consisting of nine quality criteria. A self-declaration sheet for app manufacturers was designed. Manufacturers completed the self-declaration, and the app was examined by independent internal reviewers. The pilot validation and analysis were performed on two independent health applications. An algorithm for orthopedic societies was created based on the experiences in this study flow. RESULTS "Sprunggelenks-App" was approved by the reviewers with 45 (98%) fulfilled criteria and one (2%) unfulfilled criterion. "Therapie-App" was approved, with 28 (61%) met criteria, 6 (13%) unfulfilled criteria and 12 (26%) criteria that could not be assessed. The self-declaration completed by the app manufacturer is recommended, followed by a legal and technical rating performed by an external institution. When rated positive, the societies' internal review using independent raters can be performed. In case of a positive rating, a visual certification can be granted to the manufacturer for a certain time frame. CONCLUSION An objective rating algorithm is proposed for the assessment of digital health applications. This can help societies to improve the quality assessment, quality assurance and patient safety of those apps. The proposed concept must be further validated for inter-rater consistency and reliability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Scherer
- Department of Traumatology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistr. 100, 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Yasmin Youssef
- Department of Orthopedic, Trauma and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Leipzig, Liebigstr. 20, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Florian Dittrich
- Joint Centre Bergisch Land, Department for Orthopaedics, Sana Fabricius Clinic Remscheid, Brüderstraße 65, 42853 Remscheid, Germany
- Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, Universität des Saarlandes-Campus Homburg, Kirrberger Straße, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Urs-Vito Albrecht
- Medizinische Fakultät OWL, AG 4-Digitale Medizin, Universität Bielefeld, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Serafeim Tsitsilonis
- Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Augustenburger Pl. 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Jung
- ATOS Klinik Heidelberg, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Bismarckstr. 9-15, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dominik Pförringer
- Trauma Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Clinic and Policlinic for Trauma Surgery, Ismaninger Str. 22, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Landgraeber
- Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Surgery, Universität des Saarlandes-Campus Homburg, Kirrberger Straße, 66421 Homburg, Germany
| | - Sascha Beck
- Clinic for Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery, Sportsclinic Hellersen, Paulmannshöher Str. 17, 58515 Lüdenscheid, Germany
| | - David A. Back
- Bundeswehr Hospital Berlin, Department for Traumatology and Orthopedics, Scharnhorststr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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Li ZY, Hao EW, DU ZC, Cao R, Chen F, Mo LY, Wu DY, Hou XT, Deng JG. [Research progress of Curcuma kwangsiensis root tubers and analysis of liver protection and anti-tumor mechanisms based on Q-markers]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2022; 47:1739-1753. [PMID: 35534245 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20211220.203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Curcuma kwangsiensis root tuber is a widely used genuine medicinal material in Guangxi, with the main active components of terpenoids and curcumins. It has the effects of promoting blood circulation to relieve pain, moving Qi to relieve depression, clearing heart and cooling blood, promoting gallbladder function and anti-icterus. Modern research has proved its functions in liver protection, anti-tumor, anti-oxidation, blood lipid reduction and immunosuppression. Considering the research progress of C. kwangsiensis root tubers and the core concept of quality marker(Q-marker), we predicted the Q-markers of C. kwangsiensis root tubers from plant phylogeny, chemical component specificity, traditional pharmacodynamic properties, new pharmacodynamic uses, chemical component measurability, processing methods, compatibility, and components migrating to blood. Curcumin, curcumol, curcumadiol, curcumenol, curdione, germacrone, and β-elemene may be the possible Q-markers. Based on the predicted Q-markers, the mechanisms of the liver-protecting and anti-tumor activities of C. kwangsiensis root tubers were analyzed. AKT1, IL6, EGFR, and STAT3 were identified as the key targets, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction signaling pathway, nitrogen metabolism pathway, cancer pathway, and hepatitis B pathway were the major involved pathways. This review provides a basis for the quality evaluation and product development of C. kwangsiensis root tubers and gives insights into the research on Chinese medicinal materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Yu Li
- China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rheumatism Prescription Theory and Transformation Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China
| | - Er-Wei Hao
- China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rheumatism Prescription Theory and Transformation Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China
| | - Zheng-Cai DU
- China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rheumatism Prescription Theory and Transformation Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China
| | - Rui Cao
- China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rheumatism Prescription Theory and Transformation Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China
| | - Feng Chen
- China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rheumatism Prescription Theory and Transformation Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China
| | - Liu-Ying Mo
- China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rheumatism Prescription Theory and Transformation Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China
| | - Dong-Yang Wu
- China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rheumatism Prescription Theory and Transformation Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China
| | - Xiao-Tao Hou
- China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rheumatism Prescription Theory and Transformation Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China College of Pharmacy, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China
| | - Jia-Gang Deng
- China-ASEAN Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Traditional Medicine Research, Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Efficacy Study on Chinese Materia Medica Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Rheumatism Prescription Theory and Transformation Nanning 530200, China Guangxi Scientific Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanning 530200, China
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Zhang Q, Huo HX, Yao HN, Zhao YF, Tu PF, Li J, Zhang QY. [ Quality standard of Lobeliae Chinensis Herba]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2022; 47:127-133. [PMID: 35178919 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210906.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In light of related methods in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition), this study established the quality standard for Lobeliae Chinensis Herba. The TLC identification method was established with silica gel GF_(254) thin layer plate, diosmin standard, linarin standard, and the reference material of Lobeliae Chinensis Herba. The loss on drying, total ash, acid-insoluble ash, and ethanol-soluble extracts of 18 batches of Lobeliae Chinensis Herba samples were determined according to the general principles in Chinese Pharmacopoeia. Then, HPLC was adopted in the establishment of characteristic chromatogram and content determination. The results showed that the established method can achieve good separation for diosmin, linarin, and lobetyolin. Based on the results of detection for 18 batches of Lobeliae Chinensis Herba samples, the draft quality standard was established, which was expected to provide reference for the revision of this medicinal herb in Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui-Xia Huo
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hui-Na Yao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yun-Fang Zhao
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng-Fei Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jun Li
- Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing 100029, China
| | - Qing-Ying Zhang
- Department of Natural Medicines,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center Beijing 100191, China
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Wang JM, Chi J, Jiang X, Liu Y, Li ZG, Xu EP, Dai LP, Wang ZM. [ Quality standards of Gleditsiae Spina and its decoction pieces]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 46:4417-4423. [PMID: 34581045 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210525.305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In view of the current inadequate standards for Gleditsiae Spina in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, this study put forward some new items of the quality standards of Gleditsiae Spina. Thin-layer chromatography(TLC) was performed for identification with the reference substance of taxifolin and the reference material of Gleditsiae Spina as the control. According to the general principles of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2020 edition, Vol. 4), the moisture, total ash content, and alcohol-soluble extract of medicinal materials and decoction pieces of Gleditsiae Spina were determined. The content determination method for medicinal materials and decoction pieces of Gleditsiae Spina was established using high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), with taxifolin as the quality control index. Based on the determination results of 30 batches of samples of Gleditsiae Spina from different habitats, the draft quality standards of Gleditsiae Spina were developed, which provided suggestions for the revision of the quality standards of Gleditsiae Spina in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Miao Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Jun Chi
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Xue Jiang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhen-Guo Li
- Henan Institute for Food and Drug Control Zhengzhou 450012, China
| | - Er-Ping Xu
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province Zhengzhou 450046, China Henan Key Laboratory for Modern Research on Zhongjing's Herbal Formulae Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Li-Ping Dai
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province Zhengzhou 450046, China Henan Key Laboratory for Modern Research on Zhongjing's Herbal Formulae Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450046, China Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Authentic Medicinal Materials in Henan Province Zhengzhou 450046, China Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
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Xu YY, Luo JY, Sun TT, Zhao ZG, Yang SH, Yang MH. [Overview of quality standards of Eucommiae Cortex in China and overseas]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 46:3577-3582. [PMID: 34402280 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20210329.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Eucommiae Cortex is an authentic medicinal material with broad growing areas( such as Hunan and Sichuan provinces in China. It is well-known for its efficacy in tonifying liver and kidney,strengthening muscles and bones,and stabilizing fetus. It has also been proven in pharmacology to possess the functions such as lowering blood pressure and lipids. Hence,Eucommiae Cortex has attracted increasing attention. The current quality standards of Eucommiae Cortex vary in different countries or regions. The quality of Eucommiae Cortex products on the market is affected by mix-ups of non-medicinal parts and insufficient growth years. In view of these problems,this paper summarizes the current quality standards and research progress of Eucommiae Cortex in China and overseas,aiming to provide a reference for the establishment of the quality standards of Eucommiae Cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Yuan Xu
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118,China Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Jiao-Yang Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Ting-Ting Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118,China Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Zhi-Gao Zhao
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118,China Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Shi-Hai Yang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Jilin Agricultural University Changchun 130118,China
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences &Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
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10
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Shi Y, Li HY, Li GS, Wei F, Ma SC. [Current quality standards of cattle bile and sheep bile quality standards and discussion on related problems]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2021; 46:1580-1584. [PMID: 33787157 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20201214.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To analyze quality standards of cattle bile and sheep bile, and to discuss the related problems in the standards. The results showed that physical forms of the related medicinal materials of cattle bile and sheep bile were chaotic, and the technical methods adopted in the quality standards were generally backward. In addition, there were still problems that some medicinal material standards lacked necessary test items, which were especially obvious in the relevant medicinal material standards of sheep bile and brought difficulties to quality evaluation and control. We suggest that physical forms of cattle bile and sheep bile in quality standards should be determined, and inspection items should be completed. Based on mainstream analytical technology, some technical methods of these standards should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629,China
| | - Hui-Yong Li
- Heilongjiang Institute for Drug Control Harbin 150088,China
| | - Guang-Sheng Li
- Heilongjiang Institute for Drug Control Harbin 150088,China
| | - Feng Wei
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629,China
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 102629,China
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Kehrloesser S, Oberst S, Westerhuis W, Wendler A, Wind A, Blaauwgeers H, Burrion JB, Nagy P, Saeter G, Gustafsson E, De Paoli P, Lovey J, Lombardo C, Philip T, de Valeriola D, Docter M, Boomsma F, Saghatchian M, Svoboda M, Philip I, Monetti F, Hummel H, McVie G, Otter R, van Harten W. Analysing the attributes of Comprehensive Cancer Centres and Cancer Centres across Europe to identify key hallmarks. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:1277-1288. [PMID: 33734563 PMCID: PMC8096787 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a persistent variation in cancer outcomes among and within European countries suggesting (among other causes) inequalities in access to or delivery of high‐quality cancer care. European policy (EU Cancer Mission and Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan) is currently moving towards a mission‐oriented approach addressing these inequalities. In this study, we used the quantitative and qualitative data of the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes’ Accreditation and Designation Programme, relating to 40 large European cancer centres, to describe their current compliance with quality standards, to identify the hallmarks common to all centres and to show the distinctive features of Comprehensive Cancer Centres. All Comprehensive Cancer Centres and Cancer Centres accredited by the Organisation of European Cancer Institutes show good compliance with quality standards related to care, multidisciplinarity and patient centredness. However, Comprehensive Cancer Centres on average showed significantly better scores on indicators related to the volume, quality and integration of translational research, such as high‐impact publications, clinical trial activity (especially in phase I and phase IIa trials) and filing more patents as early indicators of innovation. However, irrespective of their size, centres show significant variability regarding effective governance when functioning as entities within larger hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kehrloesser
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, UK
| | - Simon Oberst
- Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, Brussels, Belgium.,Cancer Research UK Cambridge Centre, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Willien Westerhuis
- the Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid Wendler
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, UK
| | - Anke Wind
- Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Harriët Blaauwgeers
- the Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Péter Nagy
- National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gunnar Saeter
- Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, Brussels, Belgium.,Division of Cancer Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Gustafsson
- Theme Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - József Lovey
- Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, Brussels, Belgium.,National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Thierry Philip
- Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, Brussels, Belgium.,Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05, France
| | - Dominique de Valeriola
- Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, Brussels, Belgium.,Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Femke Boomsma
- Radiotherapeutisch Instituut Friesland, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands
| | - Mahasti Saghatchian
- Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.,American Hospital of Paris, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
| | - Marek Svoboda
- Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Henk Hummel
- the Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation (IKNL), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Wim van Harten
- Organisation of European Cancer Institutes, Brussels, Belgium.,Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands.,The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Health Technology and Services Research, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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12
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Monteiro Bastos da Silva J, Chaker J, Martail A, Costa Moreira J, David A, Le Bot B. Improving Exposure Assessment Using Non-Targeted and Suspect Screening: The ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 Quality Standard as a Guideline. J Xenobiot 2021; 11:1-15. [PMID: 33530331 DOI: 10.3390/jox11010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent advances of novel methodologies such as non-targeted and suspect screening based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) have paved the way to a new paradigm for exposure assessment. These methodologies allow to profile simultaneously thousands of small unknown molecules present in environmental and biological samples, and therefore hold great promises in order to identify more efficiently hazardous contaminants potentially associated with increased risks of developing adverse health outcomes. In order to further explore the potential of these methodologies and push the transition from research applications towards regulatory purposes, robust harmonized quality standards have to be implemented. Here, we discuss the feasibility of using ISO/IEC 17025: 2017 as a guideline to implement non-targeted and suspect screening methodologies in laboratories, whether it is for accreditation purposes or not. More specifically, we identified and then discussed how specificities of non-targeted HRMS methodology can be accounted for in order to comply with the specific items of ISO/IEC 17025: 2017. We also discussed other specificities of HRMS methodologies (e.g., need for digital storage capacity) that are so far not included in the ISO/IEC 17025 requirements but should be considered. This works aims to fuel and expand the discussion in order to subsidize new opportunities of harmonization for non-targeted and suspect screening.
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13
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Huang Q, Shao ZY, Wu DL, Peng DY, Jin CS, Zhang QL, Ma K. [Improvement researches on quality standard of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and its raw processed products]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:5701-5711. [PMID: 33496110 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200629.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study is to improve the quality standard and supply the scientific basis for Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and its raw processed products. Steroidal saponin including timosaponin BⅡ, timosaponin AⅢ and flavonoids including neomangiferin and mangiferin were selected as the indicative components. Silica gel G thin layer chromatography(TLC) and polyamide TLC were used to detect the two types of compounds, respectively. The contents of timosaponin BⅡ and timosaponin AⅢ were determined by HPLC-ELSD and the content of neomangiferin, mangiferin and isomangiferin were determined by HPLC-UV. Moisture, total ash and acid insoluble ash were determined according to Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition). And 80% ethanol was selected as the solvent and the content determination of total extract were determined. The fingerprints of Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and its raw processed products were established by HPLC-UV and HPLC-ELSD. The results showed that the methods of TLC and HPLC have been successfully stablished. There are 2 and 3 peaks which have been identified by HPLC-ELSD and HPLC-UV, respectively. The HPLC fingerprint methods are specific and can be used to identify and quality control for Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and its raw processed products in the mass. Comparing to Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition), the TLC identification and content determination were revised and the total extract determination and HPLC fingerprints were added in the present study. Our results can be used as the scientific basis of quqlity control for Anemarrhenae Rhizoma and its raw processed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012, China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology Heifei 230012, China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012, China
| | - De-Ling Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012, China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology Heifei 230012, China
| | - Dai-Yin Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012, China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology Heifei 230012, China
| | - Chuan-Shan Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230012, China Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Decoction Pieces of New Manufacturing Technology Heifei 230012, China
| | - Qi-Ling Zhang
- Anhui Guangyintang Traditional Chinese Medicine Company Bozhou 236800, China
| | - Kai Ma
- Bozhou Yonggang Traditional Chinese Medicine Company Bozhou 236800, China
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14
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Lai CJS, Wei XY, Qiu ZD, Tan T. [Design and application of quality standard of Dao-di herbs]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:6072-6080. [PMID: 33496149 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.202027.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dao-di herbs, which are widely recognized as medicinal materials with a high quality and good efficacy in clinic, are now facing the dilemma of absence of standard. This study focused on a pivotal scientific problem of design and application of quality standard of Dao-di herbs, and systematically illustrated the general rules for the quality standard of Dao-di herbs involving "four rules, six core contents, and three key methods". The quality standard of Dao-di herbs shall be fully based on literatures as well as habitat, planting/breeding, processing, characters, chemical-pharmacological/toxic data. The common requirements for the quality standard of Dao-di herbs contain "clear source, explicit origin, rational indicator, gradable quality, and multiple detection methods". Notably, traditional experiences and modern techniques, quality tracing management system, "quality determination by distinguishing characters" method, rapid detection technology, effective/toxic substances control method, were comprehensively applied in this standard to purse the objectification, automation, and intellectualization of detection technology. Appearance characters, chemical components, and bioactive parameters, unified effective/toxic indicators, quality markers, and pharmacopeial control indicators and reasonable ranges were included in rigorous quality standards for Dao-di herbs. Besides, simple grading method shall be developed to guide the implementation of "high quality-high price" policy. Eventually, the new quality standards for Dao-di herbs will lead international standards and promote the high-quality development of Dao-di herbs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jiang-Sheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xu-Ya Wei
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zi-Dong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ting Tan
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Center (NPEC) for Solid Preparation in Chinese Herbal Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330006, China
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15
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Shi DH, Dai YP, Su BZ, Sun LL, Zhang XL, Zhang J. [Study on internal and external quality control methods of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata based on QAMS and color recognition]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:5996-6002. [PMID: 33496140 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200904.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In order to effectively solve the over-processing problem of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata, which was commonly used as a hemostatic drug in clinical application, we used the quantitative analysis method of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) in this study, with quercetin as internal reference to simultaneously determine the content of six flavonoids which can be used to control the internal quality of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata. Based on the comparison of QAMS and external standard method(ESM) results, the limit standards of contents were established as follows: isoquercitroside ≥0.002 0%, quercitroside ≥0.050%, quercetin ≥0.030%, kaempferol and amentoflavone both ≥0.010%, hinokiflavone ≥0.050%. Based on the color detection of Platycladi Cacumen and Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata with different processing degrees, the law of influence of different processing degrees on the color of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata was found. A new external quality standard of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata was established by fitting curve of color recognition for the external quality control, based on which the standard ranges of ΔL~*, Δb~* and ΔE were-50.00--44.00, 6.00-11.00 and 45.00-50.00 respectively. Effective combination of established internal and external quality control standards by this study can be used to evaluate the processing degree and quality of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata more comprehensively and objectively, which can guarantee its clinical efficacy. At the same time, this study also provides reference and basis for further improving the quality control standard of Platycladi Cacumen Carbonisata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian-Hua Shi
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine Ji'nan 250014, China Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ji'nan 250355, China
| | - Yan-Peng Dai
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine Ji'nan 250014, China
| | - Ben-Zheng Su
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine Ji'nan 250014, China
| | - Li-Li Sun
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine Ji'nan 250014, China
| | - Xue-Lan Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Ji'nan 250355, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Shandong Academy of Chinese Medicine Ji'nan 250014, China
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16
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Ruan LJ, Yao CY, Wu YQ, Liu XH, Yan BX, Song ZJ, Qu P, Zhu YX, Huang Y, Miao JH. [Current quality standards of Andrographis Herba of different countries and regions]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:5890-5897. [PMID: 33496129 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200901.601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Andrographis Herba is a commonly used plant medicine, and has been recorded in pharmacopeias of different countries. However, there are some differences in the quality standards. Based on this, this paper compare the quality standards of Andrographis Herba between Chinese Pharmacopoeia, Hong Kong Chinese Materia Medica Standards, United States Pharmacopoeia, European Pharmacopoeia and Indian Pharmacopoeia, including origin, botanical characteristics, identification(microscopic identification and chromatographic identification), content determination, specific test(such as impurities, loss on drying, extractives, pesticides, heavy metals, mycotoxins, and other items) and storage requirements, so as to provide a reference for studying international quality standards of Andrographis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Ruan
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Nanning 530023, China
| | - Cai-Yun Yao
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Nanning 530023, China
| | - Yun-Qiu Wu
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Nanning 530023, China
| | - Xi-Hui Liu
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Nanning 530023, China
| | - Bing-Xiong Yan
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Nanning 530023, China
| | - Zhi-Jun Song
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Nanning 530023, China
| | - Peng Qu
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Nanning 530023, China
| | - Yan-Xia Zhu
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Nanning 530023, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Nanning 530023, China
| | - Jian-Hua Miao
- Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants Nanning 530023, China
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17
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Liang-Mian C, Hui-Min G, Xiao-Qian L, Wei-Hong F, Zhi-Min W, Yong-Xin Z, Chen-Xiao-Ning M, Yan-Hui K, De-Qin W, Xin-Tong FU, Jing N. [Recommendations on quality standards of Andrographis Herba and its processed slices in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition)]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:4221-4229. [PMID: 33164407 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200603.301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To improve and perfect the quality standards and propose recommendations for the revision of quality standards for Andrographis Herba and its processed slices in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(ChP)(2020 edition) based on the problems and limitations in ChP(2015 edition). TLC identification method with andrographolide and control herbs as references was established using silica gel G thin layer plate, with chloroform-methylbenzene-methanol(8∶1∶1) as developing solvent, and 10% sulfuric acid ethanol solution as colour-developing agent. This method has good reproducibility, strong specificity and high sensitivity. As compared with the original method in ChP 2015, this method has better development effect and clearer spots. Based on the previous research, a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker(QAMS) method with andrographolide as the internal reference substance was developed to simultaneously determine the contents of 4 diterpene lactones: andrographolide(S), neoandrographolide(A), 14-deoxyandrographolide(B), and dehydroandrographolide(C). The relative correction factors of f_(A/S), f_(B/S), and f_(C/S) were determined as 1.12, 0.79, and 0.63, respectively. The relative retention time of t_(A/S), t_(B/S), and t_(C/S) was 1.95, 2.18, and 2.25, respectively. According to the content determination results in 46 batches of crude drugs and 38 batches of processed slices, it was stipulated that the total contents of 4 diterpene lactones should not be less than 1.5% and 1.2% in crude drugs and processed slices, respectively. As compared with the original method in ChP 2015, the present QAMS method could not only reduce the detection cost and improve the efficiency, but also can be used to evaluate the quality of Andrographis Herba and its processed slices more comprehensively and objectively. Diterpene lactones are generally recognized as the effective components in Andrographis Herba, and their contents in leaves were much higher than those in stems. However, almost all of the current commercial processed slices are processed from stems, so their quality is gene-rally poor and the efficacy is hard to be guaranteed. Therefore, the weight percentage of leaves should be added into the inspection items of the processed slices and it should not be less than 25%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Liang-Mian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Key Laboratory of SATCM for Process Analysis Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Gao Hui-Min
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Key Laboratory of SATCM for Process Analysis Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Liu Xiao-Qian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Key Laboratory of SATCM for Process Analysis Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Feng Wei-Hong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Key Laboratory of SATCM for Process Analysis Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wang Zhi-Min
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Key Laboratory of SATCM for Process Analysis Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhang Yong-Xin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Key Laboratory of SATCM for Process Analysis Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Meng Chen-Xiao-Ning
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Key Laboratory of SATCM for Process Analysis Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Kuang Yan-Hui
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd. Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wang De-Qin
- Hutchison Whampoa Guangzhou Baiyunshan Chinese Medicine Co., Ltd. Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - F U Xin-Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Analysis and Evaluation on Chinese Medicine, Beijing Institute for Drug Control Beijing 102206, China
| | - Nie Jing
- Hubei Provincial Institute for Drug Control Wuhan 430075, China
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Ortiz A, Carrillo N, Elghannam A, Escribano M, Gaspar P. Views of Farmers and Industrial Entrepreneurs on The Iberian Pig Quality Standard: An In-Depth Interview Research Study. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1772. [PMID: 33008114 DOI: 10.3390/ani10101772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This paper aims to assess the main opinions of farmers and industrial entrepreneurs on the implementation of the current Spanish Iberian Pig Quality Standards regulation as well as on the processing technologies of Iberian cured products. The study is based on a qualitative research process through in-depth interviews, and has allowed the identification of aspects that can be improved both at the level of the Iberian meat industry and in the administrative processes in the view of the main actors of the Iberian pork sector in Spain. The aspects of the Quality Standard related to the protection of the base of the Iberian breed, the conditions of production in the traditional system (the montanera), as well as the ripening time of the products were mostly supported by the farmers and industrial entrepreneurs. However, they showed certain inconformity with the requirements established by the Quality Standard for other production systems such as the non-free-range fodder-fed and free-range fodder-fed, therefore they demanded changes in these aspects. Abstract Since 2014, the Quality Standard for Iberian meat, leg ham, shoulder ham and dry-cured loin has regulated production factors and processes involved in the raw material and manufactured products from Iberian pigs, the most important pig breed in both population size and economic importance of the southwest Iberian Peninsula. Regarding the changes to the Quality Standard that industrial entrepreneurs and farmers are currently demanding, a qualitative research study has been developed through 14 in-depth interviews with the purpose of understanding the perception of Iberian pig farmers and industrial entrepreneurs of the requirements of the currently-effective Quality Standard, as well as the conditions under which this is being applied. The results showed a consensus amongst the majority of the participants in aspects such as the maintenance of the breed base as 100% Iberian for reproductive females, weight and age requirements at the time of slaughter for the montanera category and the manufacturing lengths for dry-cured products. On the other hand, there were discrepancies between the requirements defined by the Quality Standard and those requested by the respondents for the non-free-range fodder-fed and free-range fodder-fed categories, with the industrial entrepreneurs and farmers being inclined towards the reduction in the age of slaughter of the former and the distinction in the production conditions of the latter.
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Bucekova M, Bugarova V, Godocikova J, Majtan J. Demanding New Honey Qualitative Standard Based on Antibacterial Activity. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091263. [PMID: 32916880 PMCID: PMC7554693 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Honey is a functional food with health-beneficial properties and it is already used as a medical device in wound care management. Whether ingested orally or applied topically, honey must fulfill the requirements of international standards based on physicochemical characteristics. However, there is an urgent need for some additional standards reflecting biological properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of 36 commercial honey samples purchased from supermarkets and local food shops and compare their efficacy to that of three honey samples from local beekeepers and three types of medical-grade honey. Furthermore, the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and protein profile were assessed in all honey samples. Analysis of the antibacterial activity of commercial honeys revealed that 44% of tested samples exhibited low antibacterial activity, identical to the activity of artificial honey (sugars only). There was a significant correlation between the overall antibacterial activity and H2O2 content of honey samples. However, in some cases, honey samples exhibited high antibacterial activity while generating low levels of H2O2 and vice versa. Honey samples from local beekeepers showed superior antibacterial activity compared to medical-grade honeys. The antibacterial activity of honey can be easily altered by adulteration, thermal treatment or prolonged storage, and therefore it fulfils strict criteria to be suitable new additional quality standard.
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Fang YG, Wang PF, Zhu HD, Chen LM, Wang ZM, Gao HM, Fu XT, Nie J. [Study on quality standard of Bufonis Venenum and its processed slice, toad venom powder]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:1726-1733. [PMID: 32489055 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200107.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bufonis Venenum(toad venom) is prepared from the dried secretion of Bufo bufo gargarizans or B. melanostictus. Toad venom powder is one of the processed slices of crude material toad venom. In the present study, the global quality control method and standard of toad venom and its processed slice, toad venom powder were established, including TLC identification, characteristic chromatogram and QAMS by HPLC. The relative correction factor(RCF) was re-calculated and validated. The average RCFs of cinobufagin to gamabufotalin, bufotalin, bufalin and resibufogenin were considered for the determination of five bufadienolides in the samples. The total amount in the different batches of the dried samples varied from 4.06% to 17.0%. Referring to the revised methods for crude materials, the quality standard of toad venom powder was drafted including appearance description, TLC examination, characteristic chromatogram, water content and the total amount of five bufadienolides. The present investigation provided scientific evidences for the quality standard improvement of toad venom to be described in the next edition of Chinese pharmacopoeia(2020 edition).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ge Fang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Peng-Fei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Hou-da Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Liang-Mian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hui-Min Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Xin-Tong Fu
- Beijing Institute for Drug Control Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jing Nie
- Hubei Institute for Drug Control Wuhan 430075, China
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Fang YG, Zhu HD, Liu XQ, Chen LM, Meng CXN, Zhang D, Gao HM, Wang ZM. [Study on revision of quality standard of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix and its processed slices]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:1756-1763. [PMID: 32489058 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200314.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Sophorae Flavescentis Radix is prepared from the root of Sophora flavescens. The comprehensive knowledge of the effective components in S. flavescens makes its quality standard improvement more possible. TLC identification method for main flavonoids and alkaloids in one test was established using GF_(254) thin layer plate and the lower solution of chloroform-methanol-water-formic acid(4∶2∶1∶0.6) as developing solvent. The quantitative method of marker alkaloids was revised including the simplified sample preparation procedure and the chromatographic conditions. The determination of four alkaloids in the samples indicated that 32 batches of tested samples were qualified ones. The total oxymatrine and matrine, total oxysophocarpine and sophocarpine, as well as total amount of four tested components in the different samples were 1.08%-2.55%, 0.369%-0.860%, 1.67%-3.40%, respectively. There was a significantly positive correlation between oxymatrine and oxysophocarpine. Total oxymatrine and matrine had same correlation with total oxysophocarpine and sophocarpine. The moisture content and extractive in 32 batches of samples fulfilled the require of not more than 11.0% and not less than 20.0%, respectively. Thirteen tested pesticides were not detected in 12 batches of samples. The present study provided the evidence for the revision of quality standard of Sophora Flavescentis Radix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Ge Fang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 300193, China National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hou-da Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Xiao-Qian Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Liang-Mian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chen-Xiao-Ning Meng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hui-Min Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
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Ju BY, Zhu HD, Li YM, Wang R, Chen LM, Gao HM, Wang ZM. [Determination of five steroidal saponins in Paridis Rhizoma and its adulterants as well as consideration on its quantitative method described in Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 edition)]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2020; 45:1745-1755. [PMID: 32489057 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20200330.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Paridis Rhizoma is prepared from the dried rhizoma of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis or P. polyphylla var. chinensis. For the improvement of the quality standard of Paridis Rhizoma described in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition), it is proposed that the quality marker no longer contains polyphyllin Ⅵ, and instead, polyphyllin H is an alternative for the quantitative analysis. To determine polyphyllin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, H and Ⅶ in the Paridis Rhizoma samples collected from the different growing area in China, HPLC method was established using the same chromatographic conditions as those for simultaneous determination of polyphyllin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, Ⅵ and Ⅶ described in Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2015 edition). The methodology validation indicated that there was a good linearity among the ranges of 0.006 48-0.828, 0.006 52-0.834, 0.006 17-0.790, 0.006 31-0.808 g·L~(-1) for polyphyllin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, H and Ⅶ, respectively. The average recoveries of four components were 100.2%-101.4%, with RSD less than 3.5%. The total amount of polyphyllin Ⅰ, Ⅱ, H and Ⅶ in the analyzed samples of P. polyphylla var. chinensis and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis ranged from 0.050 9% to 3.99% and from 0.115% to 3.23%, respectively. In the tested samples collected from other Paris plants, there are high content of steroidal saponins in the samples of P. fargesii and P. forrestii, low content in the samples of P. polyphylla var. stenophylla, P. delavayi and P. thibetica, and almost not occurrence in the sample of P. mairei. As a representative adulterant of Paridis Rhizoma processed slices, 7 batches of Trillium samples contained high amount of polyphyllin Ⅵ and did not have polyphyllin H. Based on the present investigation, it is recommended that polyphyllin H together with polyphyllin Ⅰ, Ⅱ and Ⅶ are suitable for the improvement of quality standard of Paridis Rhizoma and the total amount of four components are not less than 0.80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Ya Ju
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hou-da Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China School of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Yan-Min Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine Taiyuan 030619, China
| | - Liang-Mian Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Hui-Min Gao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhi-Min Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Quality Control Technology of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
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de Sainz I, Redondo-Solano M, Solano G, Ramírez L. Short communication: Effect of different kefir grains on the attributes of kefir produced with milk from Costa Rica. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:215-219. [PMID: 31733842 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Kefir is an artisanal product that is gaining scientific attention due to its increase in consumption attributed to its potential health benefits. The effect on the quality attributes of kefir grains of different origin (household and commercial) and preserved with different methods (drying and freezing) was evaluated to standardize a domestic and semi-industrial process. Chemical (protein, lactose. lactic acid, ethanol, and acetic acid) as well as microbial properties (total plate count and total yeast count) were monitored during the experiment. Results show a statistical difference between the kefir grains in terms of acetic acid and ethanol percentages, which leads to the conclusion that there is a difference in the microbial populations that produce these products. Lactic acid, protein, and lactose parameters are statistically the same as well as the growth in biomass and the total population of yeast. Our results suggest that both types of kefir grains maintain a similar performance and that their metabolic capabilities are stable throughout time (taking into account that the household grains have been productive for years), meaning that domestic or semi-industrial processes could be easily standardized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela de Sainz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica 11501; Institute of Engineering Investigation, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica 11501.
| | - Mauricio Redondo-Solano
- Tropical Disease Investigation Center and Section of Food Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Microbiology, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica 11501
| | - Godofredo Solano
- Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Unit, Natural Product Investigation Center, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica 11501
| | - Lautaro Ramírez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica 11501
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Wang YD, Wang Q, Zhang JB, Dai Z, Lin N, Wu XF, Ma SC. [Research progress on chemical constituents and quality control of Tripterygium wilfordii preparations]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:3368-3373. [PMID: 31602897 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190606.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii preparations,with various biological activities such as immunosuppressive,anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects,are widely used in the treatment of autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis,lupus erythematosus,and nephrotic syndrome. They have definite therapeutic effect,but often cause serious adverse reactions and result in damages to liver,kidney,blood,reproduction,and other systems due to their complex compositions,great toxicity,and narrow margin between the toxic and therapeutic dosages. At present,T. wilfordii preparations produced by different manufacturers exhibit large variations in clinical efficacy and side effects in account of their different chemical compositions and quality fluctuation due to differences in raw materials and production process. However,the existing quality standards are controversial in terms of index components and content limit,which cannot be effectively used for the overall quality control of the preparations. In this paper,the research progress on chemical constituents,quality standard and quality control methods of four T. wilfordii preparations including Tripterygium Tablets,Tripterygium Zongtie Tablets,Tripterygium Shuangceng Tablets and Tripterygium Glycosides Tablets was reviewed,in order to provide ideas and reference for the quality improvement of this type of preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dan Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 100050,China
| | - Qi Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 100050,China
| | - Jian-Bao Zhang
- China Association of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing 100061,China
| | - Zhong Dai
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 100050,China
| | - Na Lin
- Institute of Chinese Materia Madica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700,China
| | - Xian-Fu Wu
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 100050,China
| | - Shuang-Cheng Ma
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control Beijing 100050,China
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25
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Gu SY, Luo JY, Liu H, Wu JJ, Qi W, Fan ZW, Yang MH. [Determination of arsenic speciation in 17 commonly used traditional Chinese herbal medicines by HPLC-ICP-MS]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:3078-3086. [PMID: 31602856 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190412.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The element speciation analysis for heavy metals in herbal medicines is still in the beginning stage. In this study,the total amount of arsenic( As) in 103 batches of 17 commonly used Chinese medicines( including 16 plant medicines and 1 medicinal fungus) was detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry( ICP-MS). Furthermore,based on HPLC-ICP-MS,the simultaneous detection methods of six As speciation kinds in traditional Chinese medicines were established. An AS7 anion exchange column was selected and the As forms in 17 traditional Chinese medicines was systematically analyzed. The results showed that the method of pretreatment of medicinal materials by microwave digestion and the detection of total amount of As by ICP-MS was stable and reliable. As for the speciation analysis of As,the high-speed ultrasonic extraction method was adopted,and it showed that the linear relationship of the six As speciation was satisfied with the correlation coefficient R2>0. 999 9. The LOQ of six kinds of As speciation were 0. 20,0. 10,0. 15,0. 10,0. 25,0. 10 μg·L~(-1) for arsenic betaine( As B),arsenious acid [As( Ⅲ) ],dimethyl arsenic( DMA),arsenic choline( As C),monomethyl arsenic( MMA),arsenic acid[As( Ⅴ) ],respectively. The recoveries were between 84. 24% and 121. 5%,and the relative standard deviations were 2. 7% to 11%. Among the 103 batches of medicinal materials,only one batch of sample As exceeded the Chinese Pharmacopoeia limit standard; As( Ⅲ) and As( Ⅴ) had high detection rate in 103 batches of Chinese herbal medicines,within which As( Ⅴ) was the main detected form,and inorganic As accounted for the ratio reached 80. 90%-98. 73%; some samples detected DMA,MMA and As B,As C was not detected in any batch. This study established an analytical method suitable for the speciation of As in Chinese herbal medicines,and provided basic data for As residual residue in Chinese herbal medicines,which can provide important reference for the risk assessment and quality standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Yong Gu
- College of Pharmacy,Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin 150040,China Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Jiao-Yang Luo
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Hao Liu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Jian-Jie Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
| | - Wei Qi
- College of Pharmacy,Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin 150040,China
| | - Zhuo-Wen Fan
- College of Pharmacy,Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Harbin 150040,China
| | - Mei-Hua Yang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100193,China
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26
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Yan WH, Cao HH, Guo S, Gu LY, Hu W, Cheng M, Bai DT, Chen J, Mao CQ, Li L, Lu TL. [UPLC fingerprint and multi-components content determination of different processed products of Angelica sinensis]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:2499-2510. [PMID: 31359717 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190321.311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Ten batches of Angelica sinensis from three producing areas( Tuoxiang,Minxian and Weiyuan of Gansu province) were selected as the research objects,and processed into raw A. sinensis,A. sinensis with alcohol,and A. sinensis with soil respectively through the standard processing methods. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography( UPLC) was used to establish fingerprint for three processed products of A. sinensis,and determine the contents of 9 phenolic acids and phthalide compounds. The similarity was analyzed with Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine,which showed that the chromatographic peaks of the same processed samples of A. sinensis were basically similar,with all similarities greater than 0. 950. The difference between different processed products and their control spectra was not obvious,with all similarities also higher than 0. 950.On the basis of using principal component analysis( PCA) and OPLS-DA to seek the difference components between groups,the improved distance coefficient method can be used to effectively distinguish the three processed products of A. sinensis by fingerprint similarity. At the same time,the determination method of nine phenolic acids and phthalide in A. sinensis was established by UPLC,and the comparison between different processed products was carried out. The results showed that the content of various components was changed as compared with the raw A. sinensis. The contents of coniferyl ferulate and ligustilide in the A. sinensis with alcohol were increased significantly,and the content of coniferyl ferulate was obviously increased in A. sinensis with soil. The method established in this paper can effectively distinguish different processed products of A. sinensis and determine the content of the main components in them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Hua Yan
- College of Pharmacy,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210046,China
| | - Hong-Hong Cao
- College of Pharmacy,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210046,China
| | - Shuang Guo
- College of Pharmacy,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210046,China
| | - Li-Ya Gu
- College of Pharmacy,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210046,China
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Pharmacy,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210046,China
| | - Ming Cheng
- College of Pharmacy,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210046,China
| | - De-Tao Bai
- Gansu Tasly Zhongtian Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. Dingxi 743000,China
| | - Jie Chen
- Gansu Tasly Zhongtian Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. Dingxi 743000,China
| | - Chun-Qin Mao
- College of Pharmacy,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210046,China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Pharmacy,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210046,China
| | - Tu-Lin Lu
- College of Pharmacy,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine Nanjing 210046,China
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Budarin SS, Melik-Guseinov DV, Boychenko YY, Nikonov EL. [The methodological approaches to formation of rating evaluation of activities of medical organizations and health care systems in Russia and abroad]. Probl Sotsialnoi Gig Zdravookhranenniiai Istor Med 2019; 27:459-463. [PMID: 31465666 DOI: 10.32687/0869-866x-2019-27-4-459-463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The article presents information on methodological approaches to creation of the ratings in the health sector and the study on the use of the various demographic indicators and indicators of population health used by the world health organization to evaluate the effectiveness of health systems in different countries. The opinions of experts on the purpose of ratings and scientific and methodological approaches to their creation are given. The article describes the results of rating formation of medical organizations of the state health system of the city of Moscow on the basis of the results of the implementation of the quality standard of resource management.
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Affiliation(s)
- S S Budarin
- The State Budget Institution «The Research Institute of Health Care Organization and Medical Management of the Moscow Health Care Department», 115184, Moscow, Russia,
| | - D V Melik-Guseinov
- The State Budget Institution «The Research Institute of Health Care Organization and Medical Management of the Moscow Health Care Department», 115184, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - E L Nikonov
- The Moscow Health Care Department, 127006, Moscow, Russia
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28
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Guo JL, Shao Q, Liu LM, Qu HB, DU XG, Gong XC. [Research on quality standards of standard decoction of Fructus Corni piece]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:2260-2265. [PMID: 31359651 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20181221.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to develop the quality standards of Fructus Corni piece standard decoction. Morroniside and loganin were considered as index components. The content determination method of morroniside and loganin were developed. The fingerprint analysis method was also established. The standard decoctions of 15 batches of Fructus Corni pieces from Henan, Zhejiang, and Shaanxi were analyzed. The similarity values of fingerprint were all above 0.99. The transfer rates of morroniside were all higher than 100%. The quality evaluation indices of standard decoction were discussed. The transfer rate of an index component was not easy to be measured accurately and its concept was not rigorous. Therefore, index component yield was suggested as an evaluation index of standard decoction. Two methods for setting quality standards of standard decoctions, which were the ■ method and the ■ method, were compared. It was found that the standard range of ■ method was wider and more suitable for smaller sample size of standard decoction. The quality standards of Fructus Corni standard decoction were as follows, dry matter extraction ratio 37.48%-69.60%; morroniside yield 8.719-16.19 mg·g~(-1) piece; loganin yield 4.342-8.064 mg·g~(-1) piece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Lin Guo
- Graduate College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Qing Shao
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lu-Ming Liu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hai-Bin Qu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xin-Gang DU
- Anhui JiuzhouFangyuan Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Bozhou, 236800, China
| | - Xing-Chu Gong
- Graduate College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Tianjin 300193, China Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058, China Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Nanchang 330004, China
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Wang QH, Wang Y, Zhang X, Wang GY, Liu DP, Ma YL, Lei ZH, Wang YL, Zhang C. [Study on quality standard of rice as excipients during rice stir-frying method]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:1814-1821. [PMID: 31342707 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190326.306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Commercially available japonica rice and indica rice with different trade names were collected,and then based on the method of rice stir-frying,their many indexes were evaluated,for example the physical and chemical properties such as appearance color,grain type,broken kernel ratio,length-width ratio,1 000-grain weight,specific heat capacity,moisture content,amylose content,and protein content. The discriminant function analysis was used to determine the effective factors affecting the quality of rice as excipients. The results showed that two types of rice could be distinguished by rice color parameter a*,grain parameter circularity,1 000-grain weight and amylose content. These four effective factors can be used as the quality evaluation indexes for fried rice as excipients.Protein is one of the main components of rice,and its content affects the quality of rice. There is a significant difference in the protein content between japonica rice and indica rice. Therefore,protein content should be used as one of the evaluation indexes for rice quality. After comprehensive consideration,it is suggested that the red-green value a*shall not be less than 0. 50; the circularity not less than 53. 0,the 1 000-grain weight not less than 16. 0 g,the amylose content not less than 12. 0% and the protein content not less than4. 0% in the japonica rice; the red-green value a*shall not be lower than-1. 0,the circularity not less than 41. 0,the 1 000-grain weight not less than 13. 0 g,the amylose content not less than 9. 0% and the protein content not less than 3. 5% in the indica rice. In this study,the quality evaluation standards for rice as excipients( japonica rice,indica rice) were supplemented and improved,laying foundation for the development of quality standards for rice as excipients with the rice stir-frying method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hao Wang
- College of Pharmacy,Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450008,China Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700,China
| | - Yun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700,China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700,China
| | - Guo-You Wang
- College of Pharmacy,Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450008,China Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700,China
| | - De-Peng Liu
- College of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230000,China
| | - Yin-Lian Ma
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700,China
| | - Zhen-Hong Lei
- Shanxi Zhendong Genuine Medicinal Materials Development Co.,Ltd. Changzhi 047100,China
| | - Yu-Long Wang
- Shanxi Zhendong Genuine Medicinal Materials Development Co.,Ltd. Changzhi 047100,China
| | - Cun Zhang
- College of Pharmacy,Henan University of Chinese Medicine Zhengzhou 450008,China Institute of Chinese Materia Medica,China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700,China College of Pharmacy,Anhui University of Chinese Medicine Hefei 230000,China
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30
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Jiao MJ, Deng Z, Zhang J, Wang SH, Cui WJ, Zhang GY, Liu A. [Preparation and quality standard of standard decoction of Chinese herbal medicine containing volatile components-case study of Moutan Cortex]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 43:891-896. [PMID: 29676084 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180105.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To prepare the standard decoction of Moutan Cortex, and research its quality standard. According to the preparation principle of standard decoction of Chinese herbal medicines, the extraction conditions were optimized, and the 14 batches of standard decoction of Moutan Cortex were prepared. The content of paeonol was determined by HPLC; the transfer rate was calculated; and the extraction rate, pH value and the fingerprint of the decoction were determined. The results showed that the transfer rate of paeonol in the standard decoction of 14 batches of samples was at the range of 43.9%-67.3%; the range of extraction rate was 22.0%-38.7%, and the pH value range was 3.98-4.77. At the same time, the fingerprints of 14 batches of Moutan Cortex standard decoction were established; 9 common peaks were determined, and the similarities were more than 0.9. The preparation method in this study was standardized with good reproducibility, and can be used for the preparation and quality standard of standard decoction of Moutan Cortex, providing reference for the quality evaluation of Moutan Cortex dispensing granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jiao Jiao
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Zhe Deng
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.,Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shu-Hui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wen-Jin Cui
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.,Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - An Liu
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Xu HB, Gao CH, Cai XH, Yang K, Zhang Y, Wang JJ, Xu HL, Zhang L, Chen SY, Tang ZS. [Preparation and quality standard of standard decoction of Scrophulariae Radix pieces]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:2493-2498. [PMID: 31359716 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190221.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The standard decoction of Chinese herbal decoction pieces is a standard reference substance to measure whether different dosage forms of Chinese medicine are basically consistent with those of clinical decoction,and provides new ideas and methods for effectively solving the problems of uneven quality in Chinese medicine dispensing granules. In this study,a systematic method for evaluating the quality of Scrophulariae Radix decoction was established from the perspective of " standard decoction",providing reference for the quality control of the Scrophulariae Radix dispensing granules. 15 batches of Scrophulariae Radix decoction pieces from different origins were collected,and 15 batches of standard decoctions were prepared according to the standardized process with water as solvent.Harpagide and harpagoside were used as quantitative detection indicators to determine the content,calculate the transfer rates and determine the extraction rate. The high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) was used to establish a standard decoction fingerprint analysis method. The results showed that the transfer rates of harpagide and harpagoside in 15 batches of Scrophulariae Radix pieces standard decoction were( 70. 84±13. 39) % and( 48. 56±6. 40) % respectively; the extraction rate was( 57. 47±5. 89) %. Nine peaks were identified in the HPLC fingerprint,and the similarity was higher than 0. 97 between the fingerprints of 15 batches of standard decoction and the control fingerprint. In this study,the preparation process of standard decoction of Scrophulariae Radix pieces conformed to the traditional decoction preparation method. The sources of the samples were representative,and the established fingerprint method was stable and feasible,which can provide reference for the preparation and quality control of Scrophulariae Radix dispensing granules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Bo Xu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712083,China
| | - Chun-Hui Gao
- Ankang Beijing Medical University Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd. Ankang 725000,China
| | - Xing-Hang Cai
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712083,China
| | - Kang Yang
- Xi'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital Xi'an 710021,China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712083,China
| | - Juan-Juan Wang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712083,China
| | - Huai-Li Xu
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712083,China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712083,China
| | - Su-Yun Chen
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712083,China
| | - Zhi-Shu Tang
- Shaanxi Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization,Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine Xianyang 712083,China
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32
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Luo L, Dong LL, Li MZ, Liang YC, Wei GF, Zhang YY, Qian ZZ, Chen SL. [RAM study on general standard of maximum residue limits for pollution-free traditional Chinese medicine based on Chinese Pharmacopoeia formula]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2019; 44:2197-2207. [PMID: 31359642 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20190514.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The excessive pesticide residues and heavy metals in traditional Chinese medicine seriously endanger human health and the sustainable development of Chinese medicine industry. In order to improve the quality of traditional Chinese medicine and establish a general standard for maximum residue limits(MRL) of pesticides in pollution-free traditional Chinese medicine and decoction pieces, and to ensure the safety of clinical medication from its origin, MRLs were calculated based on the formula(MRL=A×W/100M) from Chinese Pharmacopeia, comparing it with the current Chinese and international standards as well as literature review, the RAND/UCLA appropriateness method(RAM) was applied to determine the categories and MRLs of pesticides in pollution-free traditional Chinese medicine and decoction pieces. Two questionnaires were drafted for expert panel and appropriateness analysis was carried out with the 9-point Likert scale to determine the general standard for MRLs of pollution-free traditional Chinese medicine and decoction pieces. The results showed that a total of nine experts from different fields scored the necessity of standard-setting and 206 pesticide residue limits respectively. The appropriateness scores of 206 pesticides were greater than 7, and appropriateness rate was 100%, which signifies that the expert panel has reached consensus. In summary, based on the RAM, the general standard for maximum residue limits of pesticides in pollution-free Chinese medicines and decoction pieces has reached an expert consensus. Comparing with the MRLs of medicinal plants and plant-sourced food from CAC, Europe Union, the United States, South Korea, Japan, Australia, New Zealand and Canada, 206 MRLs from this general standard share 88.8% in common, 4.4% of which is higher and 6.8% lower than those international standards. This has provided a basis for standardizing the use of pesticides in pollution-free traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Luo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Lin-Lin Dong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Meng-Zhi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yi-Chuan Liang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guang-Fei Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yun-Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
| | | | - Shi-Lin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences Beijing 100700, China
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Abstract
Herein, we aimed to develop a strategy to assess quality consistency of a drug product, with a focus on two typical cases of injection. Multi-variable analysis using a sequencing combination of factor analysis, one-way analysis of variance and cluster analysis identified all potential Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) for each manufacturing process, which were identified from the attributes of quality standard (QAs) using supervised (cefazolin sodium pentahydrate, α-CEZ-Na) or unsupervised (cephathiamidine, CETD) analysis. All CQAs from QAs were applied to set up an integrated index, quality consistency attribute (QCA), to evaluate product quality consistency in a specific aspect. Meanwhile, real-time analysis by chemometrics-assisted near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) was used to obtain useful information corresponding to the CQAs from the process attributes (PAs) of some of the critical processes. The quantitative results of characteristic signals of NIR by multiple linear regression was defined as the process consistency attribute (PrCA), and was used to assess the product quality consistency in another aspect. Therefore, either values of QCA or PrCA displayed sensitivity to changes in product quality, allowing us to establish a strategy with strong practicality, comprehensiveness and visualization to demonstrate the quality consistency of a specific product. Such strategy is not only conducive to the improvement of quality standards, but to the retrospective investigation of manufacturing processes which ultimately allowed maintenance of product consistency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Y Qi
- Division of Antibiotics, Institute for Chemical Drug Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shang C Yao
- Division of Antibiotics, Institute for Chemical Drug Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Li H Yin
- Division of Antibiotics, Institute for Chemical Drug Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Q Hu
- Division of Antibiotics, Institute for Chemical Drug Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
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34
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Dong LL, Su LL, Wei GF, Li MZ, Xu YR, Wang HH, Chen SL. [Research in technical regulations for production of pollution-free Chinese herbal medicines]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2018; 43:3070-3079. [PMID: 30200701 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20180702.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aimed to solve the issues of pesticide residue, heavy metal contents and harmful elements in the productive process of Chinese herbal medicines, the research team built the technical regulations for production of pollution-free Chinese herbal medicines. This regulation included the environment of production area, the process of production, quality of products etc., which were the key steps controlled the quality of Chinese herbal medicines. The environment of production area was selected according to the ecological factors which were stipulated by Ecological Suitability Regionalization of Chinese herbal medicines (second edition). The quality of air should be attain the one or two levels of GB/T3095-2012 standard values. The cultivation soils should reach to the one or two levels of GB15618 and NY/T391 standard values. The quality of irrigation water should accord with the stipulation of GB5084-2005. Aimed to the production of Chinese herbal medicines, disease-resistant and superior varieties which were suitable to the local stations should be selected, and the breeding of superior seeds and seedlings should be strengthened. Additionally, rational fertilizer application of pollution-free Chinese herbal medicines should be conformed to the principles, requirements, and the kinds of fertilizers allowed or limited for use, which were stipulated by the standard of DB13/T454. Furthermore, the plant protection policy of priority to prevention and synthetical prevention should be followed; improving ecological environment and strengthening cultivation management should be served as the basics. Agricultural measures, and biological and physical control strategies should be preferred to use; and high toxicity, residue pesticide and its mixture should be inhibited; the use of chemical pesticides should be minimized and then to decrease contamination and residue. Additionally, the quality of products should be reached to the standard of pollution-free Chinese herbal medicines; high toxicity and detection rate of pesticide residues and the contents of heavy metal and harmful elements (e.g. plumbum, cadmium, mercury, arsenic and cuprum) should accord with the common criteria of pollution-free Chinese herbal medicines. Application of technical regulations for production of pollution-free Chinese herbal medicines guarantees significantly social, economic and ecological benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Dong
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Li-Li Su
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guang-Fei Wei
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Meng-Zhi Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Ya-Ru Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Huan-Huan Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shi-Lin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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35
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Hao YD, Li DH, Wang JN. [Research and application of quality standard for standard decoction of Chrysanthemi Flos]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2018; 43:2720-2725. [PMID: 30111022 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.2018.0086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Standard decoction of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is prepared by standardized process, and can be used as references to evaluate the quality of dosage forms such as decoction and dispensing granules. In order to determine the quality evaluation method for standard decoction of Chrysanthemi Flos and investigate its application, 10 batches of white chrysanthemum of Hangzhou were collected to prepare the standard decoction of white chrysanthemum of Hangzhou with standardized process parameters. Parameters such as traits, relative density, pH value, extraction ratio, transfer rate and fingerprint were selected as the indexes for quality evaluation. The established quality evaluation method for standard decoction of Chrysanthemi Flos was applied in the detection of two types of commercial Chrysanthemum dispensing granules. The results showed that the standard decoction of Chrysanthemi Flos was a clear yellow-brown aqueous solution; the relative density was 1.007-1.011; the pH value was between 5.37-5.56; the average extraction ratio was 23.6%, ranging from 19.93% to 29.69%; the average transfer ratewas 56.2% in terms of chlorogenic acid, 57.4% in terms of luteoloside and 30.6% in terms of 3,5-O-dicaffeoylquinic acid. Fingerprint similarity was between 0.864-0.989.The method showed good precision, stability and repeatability in fingerprint analysis, indicating reliable and representative results for standard decoction of Chrysanthemi Flos, and it can be used to evaluate and standardize other dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Dong Hao
- Beijing Haidian District Food and Drug Safety Monitoring Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Dong-Hui Li
- Beijing Haidian District Food and Drug Safety Monitoring Center, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Jian-Nong Wang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100091, China
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Li HH, Ren G, Chen LM, Zhong GY. [Research progress on identification and quality evaluation of glues medicines]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2018; 43:15-20. [PMID: 29552806 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.2018.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Glues medicines is a special kind of traditional Chinese medicine.As the market demand is large, the raw materials are in short supply and lacks proper quality evaluation technology, which causes inconsistent quality of products on the market. Its authentic identification and evaluation stay a problem to be solved. In this paper, the research progress of the methods and techniques of the evaluation of the identification and quality of glues medicines were reviewed. The researches of medicinal glue type identification and quality evaluation mainly concentrated in four aspects of medicinal materials of physical and chemical properties, trace elements, organic chemicals and biological genetic methods and techniques. The methods of physicochemical properties include thermal analysis, gel electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing electrophoresis, infrared spectroscopy, gel exclusion chromatography, and circular dichroism. The methods including atomic absorption spectrometry, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, plasma emission spectrometry and visible spectrophotometry were used for the study of the trace elements of glues medicines. The organic chemical composition was studied by methods of composition of amino acids, content detection, odor detection, lipid soluble component, organic acid detection. Methods based on the characteristics of biogenetics include DNA, polypeptide and amino acid sequence difference analysis. Overall, because of relative components similarity of the glues medicines (such as amino acids, proteins and peptides), its authenticity and quality evaluation index is difficult to judge objectively, all sorts of identification evaluation methods have different characteristics, but also their limitations. It indicates that further study should focus on identification of evaluation index and various technology integrated application combining with the characteristics of the production process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Hu Li
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330004 China
| | - Gang Ren
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330004 China
| | | | - Guo-Yue Zhong
- Research Center of Chinese Herbal Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330004 China
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37
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Wang L, Yan CY, Le ZY, Dong JJ, Bai ZL. [History evolution of salt production and processing with brine]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2017; 42:3880-3885. [PMID: 29243421 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20170928.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Salt is an important excipient for Chinese medicine salt. The standardization of its quality is conducive to ensuring the quality of Chinese medicine pieces. In this paper, the processing with brine and the processing auxiliary salt were studied from three aspects: the history evolution of salt, the history evolution of processing with brine, and the modern research of processing with brine. It has been found that salt plays an important role in the history of China. It has a long history and a wide variety. The salt used in the processing of traditional Chinese medicine mainly includes three categories: common salt, halitum and white salt. The quality of salt is closely related to its origin and processing, mainly based on the color and the place of origin. In ancient times, the varieties of salt used in the production of different Chinese herbal medicines were different, which might be related to the nature of drugs. The primary purpose of processing with brine is to increase the efficacy of drugs. At present, there are many reports on optimizing the preparation technology of processing with brine, but the evaluation indexes are quite different, and its scientific nature is to be discussed. The processing method with brine and its processing auxiliary materials are lacking of relevant evaluation standards and quality standards, which is not conducive to the healthy development of Chinese herbal pieces. In this paper, the relevant literature was studied in order to provide reference for the establishment of standards for salt processing excipient in traditional Chinese medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- Kangmei (Beijing) Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102629, China
| | - Cai-Yun Yan
- Kangmei (Beijing) Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102629, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Le
- Kangmei (Beijing) Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102629, China.,Kangmei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Puning 515300, China
| | - Jing-Jing Dong
- Guangdong Kangmei Pharmaceutical Institute Limited, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Zong-Li Bai
- Kangmei (Beijing) Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 102629, China
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38
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Deng Z, Feng WH, Zhang J, Jiao MJ, Zhang GY, Wang SH, Cheng JT, Liu A. [Establishment of quality standard and discussion on standard decoction containing volatile oil pieces-Cinnamomi Ramulus pieces]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2017; 42:2691-2696. [PMID: 29098823 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20170609.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To prepare Cinnamomi Ramulus pieces standard decoction and establish its quality standard, provide quality reference for formula granules and other clinic non-traditional forms of medicines, and lay a foundation for standard decoction research for the pieces containing essential oil. 14 batches of Cinnamomi Ramulus pieces with different quality were collected from market and their extraction process was further improved based on the preparation principle of standard decoction to prepare the standard decoction of Cinnamomi Ramulus pieces. Then its transfer rate of Cinnamaldehyde, dry extract rate and pH value were calculated to evaluate its process stability; and a method for chromatographic fingerprint and content determination was also established. Results revealed that the dry extract rate for standard decoction of Cinnamomi Ramulus pieces was from 6.06%-8.95%, with an average value of 7.18%; the transfer rate of cinnamaldehyde was at the range of 29.6%-54.3%, with an average of 43.2%; and the pH value was at the range of 4.33-4.82. The fingerprint similarities between 14 batches of standard decoction of Cinnmomi Rammulus pieces and reference fingerprint were all>0.9. The established method for standard decoction was stable and its quality standard was perfect, suitable for evaluating the quality of standard decoction of Cinnanomi Ramulus pieces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Deng
- Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.,Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Wei-Hong Feng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Meng-Jiao Jiao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Guo-Yuan Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Shu-Hui Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jin-Tang Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - An Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
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Li JC, Liao ML, Liu YL, Duan JP, Ha J, Feng L. [Research on quality standards of Aleuritopteris Herba]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2016; 41:3055-9. [PMID: 28920348 DOI: 10.4268/cjcmm20161619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to establish quality standards of Aleuritopteris Herba (AH), which could supply scientific evidence for the quality control of AH. The morphological and microscopic identification characters were reformulated. The tests of water content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and ethanol-soluble extractives of AH were carried out according to the methods recorded in appendix of Chinese Pharmacopeia (2010 edition, volume 1). The TLC method was established by using aleuritopesis A [2,19-diol(2β,4α)-16-enekaureniod] and reference herb as references. With preparation of aleuritopesis A[2,19-diol(2β,4α)-16-enekaureniod] reference substance, the content of aleuritopesis A in AH was determined by HPLC. As a result, the macroscopic identification, microscopic features and TLC methods were specific and simple. The water content, total ash, acid-insoluble ash and ethanol-soluble extractive and the content of aleuritopesis A of all samples varied in the ranges of 8.8%-10.9%, 7.6%-11.4%, 2.5%-4.2%, 9.3%-10.2% and 0.56%-0.71%, respectively. The improved quality standard can be used to evaluate and guarantee the quality of AH comprehensively.
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Zhao YX, Ma GL, Yu JY. [Suggestions on improving administration of local crude drug quality standards]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2017; 42:2619-2622. [PMID: 28840708 DOI: 10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20170426.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To improve the administration of local crude drug quality standard, the administration history, and current administration situation of local crude drugs were reviewed, the legal orientation and positive effect of local crude drugs were analyzed, and the existing problems were summarized. It was found that many problems existed in the administration of local crude drug quality standards, especially the phenomenon of homonym and synonym on their names. The suggestions on improving the administration of local crude drug quality standards were proposed. First of all, the construction of legal system should be strengthened to improve the administration methods. Secondly, the coordination mechanism should be developed to solve the outstanding problems. Thirdly, the basic research should be enhanced to resolve the general technical problems. Lastly, the channels to transfer the local crude drugs into pharmacopeia standards should be developed to achieve dynamic administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xin Zhao
- Chinese Pharmacopeia Commission, Beijing 100061, China
| | - Guang-Lin Ma
- Chinese Pharmacopeia Commission, Beijing 100061, China
| | - Jiang-Yong Yu
- Chinese Pharmacopeia Commission, Beijing 100061, China
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41
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Ye Z, Lu Y, Xue YF, Xu H, Wang ZT. [Separation and identification of specific components and quality standard of stem of Dendrobium officinale]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2016; 41:2481-6. [PMID: 28905572 DOI: 10.4268/cjcmm20161318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The violanthin, a specific component, was separated and identified from the stems of Dendrobium officinale by chromatographic technique and spectroscopic method for the first time. The microscopic characteristics of D. officinale powder were examined under a microscopy and described. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) method was used for qualitative analysis of the violanthin from D. officinale stems with a mixture of ethyl acetate, butanone, formic acid and water (4∶3∶1∶1) as the developing solvent on high performance silica gel precoated plate (SGF254) and using aluminium trichloride as a chromagenic agent. The results showed significant characteristics of violanthin from D. officinale stems on TLC, with certain specificity, and could be used to distinguish it from other easily confusing processed medicinal stems of D. devonianum, D. gratiosissimum and D. aphyllum. The content of naringenin, an active ingredient in D. officinale stems was determined by HPLC analysis on a Bischoff Chromatography HIPAK NC-04 ODS AB column (4.4 mm×250 mm, 5 mm) with acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid solution as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The wavelength was set at 226 nm and column temperature was 25 ℃. The HPLC method showed good linearity within the range of 3.90-250.00 g•mL⁻¹ (r = 0.999 9) for naringenin. The average recovery of naringenin was 99.20% with 0.17% of RSD. The mass fraction of 20 batches of D. officinale stems was between 0.190 and 0.498 mg•g⁻¹. The established qualitative and quantitative method was simple and rapid with good repeatability and accuracy, providing experimental basis for improving the quality standard of D. officinale, with a very important significance to ensure its quality and clinical effect.
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Krüger CM. Processing single-use medical devices for use in surgery - importance, status quo and potential. GMS Krankenhhyg Interdiszip 2008; 3:Doc21. [PMID: 20204093 PMCID: PMC2831249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In summary, it is possible with the technology and scientific knowledge currently available to allow products intended for single use to be reprocessed using validated and certified processing procedures, while maintaining the full function and without any loss in quality. How many times a product can be re-processed must be determined separately for each individual medical technology device; it is not possible to make any kind of blanket statement as to the permissible number of cycles. This is due to the differing construction, the various combinations of materials and the diverse demands made of each device during clinical use. The exigency of the reprocessing issue is evident both to the user and the primary manufacturer. For the user, where there is a correspondingly high-quality primary product with suitably costed, technically-sound and certified reprocessing procedures, repeat usage can mean real savings while maintaining full functionality in each use. For the primary manufacturers of highly specialised instruments, only part of which can be represented by the medical facility in terms of a corresponding DRG (Diagnosis-Related Group), it is reprocessing that opens the door to widespread routine clinical use. The patient, in turn, benefits greatly from this, since his demand for medical treatment using the most up-to-date technology is taken into account. If processing complies in full with medical technology and hygiene directives, from the medical point of view (without being able to definitively evaluate each individual case using this criterion) the specific advantages of the reprocessing procedure are obvious. In order to establish broad acceptance for the purposes of good marketing, corresponding controlling and quality instruments have to be developed to allow the decision-making process regarding the permissibility of the reprocessing of a certain device and the number of times it can be reprocessed using this procedure to be made transparent.Taking this a step further, possibilities arise for the establishment of corresponding quality-assurance instruments on the part of the clinical establishments involved, within which reprocessed products, in the interest of quality assurance, can be referred back to the processor in the event of defective function and can also be removed from clinical use prior to completing the intended number of processing cycles. Furthermore, it can be assumed that the widespread use of reprocessing procedures in today's high-cost single-use medical device sector will have a long-term cost/price-regulating effect for the primary products, to the benefit of the users. Thus, the heated debate regarding the safety of processing procedures that have already been certified and validated in accordance with current industry standards should be evaluated in particular from the point of view of the justified fears of the leading manufacturers with regard to their currently established market share. From a purely surgical point of view, the reprocessing of disposable products should be welcomed as a revolution. The main criteria for surgeons and medics should always be the benefit for the patient. If the quality is ensured through corresponding processing and validation procedures based on recognised certificates, then economic arguments take precedence. Cases in which a DRG (and thus a payment calculation) does not fully cover the use of medical devices are conceivable. Withholding medically necessary services on grounds of the costs, or making these services available to a limited extent only, is not acceptable from the medical point of view and furthermore goes beyond what is ethically acceptable. Each procedure, even the systematic use of reprocessing of suitable medical technology disposable items, should, where the quality is guaranteed, be supported unequivocally. Taken a step further, this branch of the economy will have a long-lasting price-regulating effect on the primary producers market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin M. Krüger
- Hospital of Neukoelln, Dept. of Surgery - Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Berlin, Germany,*To whom correspondence should be addressed: Colin M. Krüger, Hospital of Neukoelln, Dept. of Surgery - Visceral, Thoracic and Vascular Surgery, Rudower Str. 48, 12351 Berlin, Germany, E-mail:
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