[Preliminary report on the use of total lumpectomyconical remnant gastric - esophagus side overlap anastomosis in radical resection of Siewert type II proximal gastric cancer]

Objective: There is no standard method for esophageal remnant gastric reconstruction for proximal gastrectomy. Reflux esophagitis caused by esophagogastrostomy remains a difficult surgical problem. To report the preliminary surgical results of novel esophagus-conical remnant gastric side overlap anastomosis (CGEO) , with particular emphasis on postoperative esophageal reflux. Methods: In June 2022, we developed a novel CGEO for laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy on two patients with Siewert type II esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma. Surgical procedures for CGEO: (1) Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and preparation of conically shaped gastric remnant; (2) Determining anastomotic site of residual stomach and esophagus; (3) Side-to-side anastomosis of right esophageal wall to anterior of conical gastric remnant; (4) Valvuloplasty of esophageal stump. Results: Case 1 was a 71-year-old man with an operation time of 305 minutes and was successfully discharged from the hospital on the 9th day after surgery, and the postoperative pathology was T3N0M0. Case 2 was an 82-year-old man with an operation time of 325 minutes. He was discharged on the 10th day after surgery. In both cases, only mild esophageal mucosal changes were seen in gastroscopy, there were no obvious symptoms of esophageal reflux. There was also no significant weight change at half a year after operation. Conclusion: CGEO is moderately safe in radical surgery for proximal gastric cancer, and may have a preventive effect on the occurrence of postoperative esophageal reflux, but long-term results need to be confirmed by further studies with follow-up.

[The role and mechanism of lncRNA C9ORF139 targeting miR-24-3P/TAOK1 in regulating the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia cells]

Objective: To investigate the role and mechanism of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) C9ORF139 targeting micro RNA(miR)-24-3P/TAOK1 in regulating the proliferation of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Methods: AML cells HL-60 and THP-1 were purchased from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and divided into 4 groups:group A was negative control group (siNC group), group B was interference C9ORF139 group (siC9ORF139 group), group C was siC9ORF139+miR-24-3p inhibitor group, and group D was miR-24-3P+TAOK1 overexpression group (oe-TAOK1 group). Real-time fluorescence quantitative reverse transcription PCR was used to detect the expression levels of AML cell lines of HL-60 and THP-1 in four groups. Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was performed to measure cell proliferation. Flow cytometry was applied to analyze cell apoptosis. Transwell test was applied to detect cell migration and invasion ability. Western blot was used to detect p-serine/threonine kinase (p-raf) and p-mitogen activation proteinkinase (p-MEK), p-extracellular regulatory protein kinase (p-ERK) expression. The luciferase reporter gene plasmid was constructed to verify the binding ability of C9ORF139,miR-24-3P and TAOK1.Nude mice were inoculated with subcutaneous tumor cells of HL-60 (group A) and HL-60 (group B). Results: After the C9ORF139 gene was knocked down and cultured for 120 h, The cell proliferation ability (0.62±0.02, 0.82±0.02), migration ability (0.22±0.03, 0.05±0.01), invasion ability (0.20±0.02, 0.13±0.03) of group B were all lower than that of group A (1.30±0.02, 1.83±0.07; 0.99±0.02, 0.99±0.02; 1.00±0.01, 1.00±0.01) (all P<0.05). When co-transfected with miR-24-3 inhibitor, cell proliferation ability, migration ability and invasion ability were all higher in group B (all P<0.05). When co-transfected with miR-24-3P and oe-TAOK1 plasmid, cell proliferation ability, migration ability and invasion ability were all higher than group B (all P<0.05).When the C9ORF139 gene in the cells was knocked down, the apoptosis level of group B (28.56±8.07, 17.74±1.91) were higher than those of group A (0.31±0.27, 2.49±0.33)(all P<0.05); when co-transfected with miR-24-3P inhibitor, the apoptosis level (2.34±0.09, 3.06±0.06) were lower than those in group B (all P<0.05); when co-transfected with miR-24-3P and oe-TAOK1 in the plasmid group, the apoptosis level (2.16±1.29, 4.80±0.37) were also lower than those of group B (all P<0.05). In HL-60 and THP-1 cells, when C9ORF139 was not mutated, the luciferase activity of miR-24-3P group was lower than that of the miR-NC group (P<0.05). When the binding site with miR-24-3p in C9ORF139 sequence was mutated, the luciferase activity in miR-24-3p group was equivalent to that in miR-NC group (P>0.05).When TAOK1 was not mutated; the luciferase activity of miR-24-3P group was lower than that of group A (P<0.05). When the binding site with miR-24-3p in TAOK1 sequence was mutated, the luciferase activity in miR-24-3p group was equivalent to that in miR-NC group (P>0.05).When the C9ORF139 gene in HL-60 cells was knocked down and cultured for 72 h, the phosphorylation expression levels of Raf, MEK and ERK molecules in group B were significantly lower than those in group A (all P<0.05). By day 14, the tumor volume in the group A was greater than the tumor cell volume in the group B [(284.49±57.61) vs (125.70±18.64) mm³, P=0.017]. The tumor weight of HL-60 in group A was heavier than that of group B [(847.80±159.36) vs (408.40±113.16) mg, P=0.001]. Conclusions: LncRNA C9ORF139 regulates TAOK1 by sponging miR-24-3P to promote the proliferation, invasion and migration of acute myeloid leukemiacell.In vivo experiments have confirmed that the expression of C9ORF139 can promote the growth of subcutaneous tumors in AML nude mice.

Effects of feeding solid-state fermented wheat bran on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in broiler chickens

Solid-state fermentation has been used to improve the nutritive value of feed ingredients. In the present study, we investigated the effects of solid-state fermented wheat bran (FWB) on growth performance and apparent digestibility in broiler chickens. We measured the growth performance (ADFI, ADG, feed conversion, livability, and European performance efficiency factor) over 38 d in chicks fed a corn-soybean meal control diet (CON) or CON plus wet FWB (25 g/kg [T₁]; 50 g/kg [T₂]); or T₁ plus 3 g/kg (T₃); or T₂ plus 6 g/kg (T₄) soybean oil). The same diets were used to determine nutrient availability in chicks aged 20 d. Regression equations for AME and AME_n were obtained using 20-day-old chicks fed either the corn-soybean meal basal diet only or basal diet partially substituted with 50, 150, or 300 g/kg DM FWB. Diets containing 25 or 50 g/kg wet FBW did not affect the growth performance of broiler chickens, nor the apparent DM, energy, and nitrogen digestibility of the feeds, compared with the control diets (all P > 0.05). Further supplementation with oil did not improve the growth performance of broiler chickens compared with controls or chickens fed FBW. However, chickens fed diets containing soybean oil (T₃ or T₄) had lower (P = 0.005 and P = 0.040, respectively) apparent DM and energy digestibility than the control and FWB groups. The regression equations for AME and AME_n with the substitution of FWB produced values of 1,854.3 and 1,743.9 kcal/kg DM, respectively, and the equations were Y = 1854.3X + 52.7 (R² = 0.971, n = 24, P < 0.001), and Y = 1743.9X + 44.6 (R² = 0.978, n = 24, P < 0.001), respectively. Supplementation with wet FWB did not affect the growth performance of broiler chickens. Therefore, FWB is a suitable feed component for broilers.

[Pre-formulation physicochemical properties of component-based Chinese medicine of Qinqi Fengshi Fang]

Pre-formulation physicochemical properties of the component-based Chinese medicine of Qinqi Fengshi Fang were investigated to provide a research basis for the design of the dosage form for component-based Chinese medicine of Qinqi Fengshi Fang. The macroporous resin adsorption and refining technology was used to prepare the total glycosides extract of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, Panacis Majoris Rhizome and Corni Fructus respectively in the prescription of Qinqi Fengshi Fang. Their physicochemical properties were investigated, including solubility, wettability, hygroscopicity, equilibrium solubility, oil-water partition coefficient, and stability. The results showed that the total glycosides of Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix, Panacis Majoris Rhizome and Corni Fructus all had good solubility and wettability. The solubility index of each total glycoside component was greater than 85%, and the water absorption index was greater than 50%. In the range of pH 2.0-7.4, the equilibrium solubility of three kinds of total glycosides all increased with the increase of pH, showing a consistent change trend of solubility. The hydrophilicity was also suitable and similar. Overall, three kinds of total glycosides showed good stability, but strong hygroscopicity. The degree of hygroscopicity was as follows: total glycosides of Gen-tianae Macrophyllae Radix &gt; total glycosides of Corni Fructus &gt; total glycosides of Panacis Majoris Rhizome. Therefore, the hygroscopi-city needed to be considered in the preparation of the component-based Chinese medicine of Qinqi Fengshi Fang. The excipients and packaging materials can be properly selected to reduce the hygroscopicity of the preparation. This study provides a reference for the dosage form design of the component-based Chinese medicine of Qinqi Fengshi Fang.

[Research on extraction of Zizyphus jujuba planting area in Jia county of Shaanxi]

With digital satellite remote sensing image data of GF-1,in 2018 the object-oriented classification method was used to extract Zizyphus jujuba planting area in Jia county of Shaanxi province. The results showed that the remote sensing classification method based on rule set could extract and reckon Z. jujube planting area in the study area effectively. The planting area of Z. jujube in Jia county was about 5. 34×104 hm2 and the area of consistent accuracy was 97. 92%. The method used in this study could provide a technical reference for the area extraction of the same type of medicinal materials. And it is of great significance to provide decision support for the protection and utilization of Z. jujube resources.

[Coexisting mutations in NPM1-mutated elderly adults with acute myeloid leukemia]

Objective: To explore the coexisting mutations in NPM1 mutated elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML). Methods: The clinical data of 152 elderly adults(aged≥60 years) and 49 young adults(aged 18-45 years) with AML between June 2013 and December 2018 in outpatient and hospitalized patients of Changzhou Second People's Hospital and Wuxi Second People's Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 51 gene mutations were detected using targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) and sanger sequencing. The general clinical characteristics, the occurrence of coexistence gene mutations, the correlation between coexistence gene mutations and some clinical parameters, and the initial induction remission rate between elderly and young adult AML patients with NPM1 mutations were analyzed and compared. Results: NPM1 mutations were detected in 46 of 152 elderly AML patients. Thirty eight patients (82.6%) with NPM1 mutations carried other gene mutations at the same time, among whom 8 patients (17.4%) carried NPM1 mutations alone, while 14(30.4%) carried 2, 16 (34.8%) carried 3, and 8 (17.4%) carried ≥ 4 mutations. NPM1 mutations frequently co-occurred with FLT3-ITD15 cases (32.6%) , DNMT3A10 (21.7%) , TET26 (13.4%) and FLT3-TKD5 (10.9%) . Compared with young adults with NPM1 mutations, elderly patients had higher TP53, FLT3-TKD rates, lower incidence of DNMT3A, RAS mutation (all P<0.05) and lower coexistence rate of 4 gene mutations (P=0.002).The presence of ≥ 4 mutations was found to be significantly associated with higher white blood level than those in patients with single, double and 3 mutations coexisted in elderly adults AML patients(all P<0.05). With the increase of the amount of mutations, the complete remission(CR) rate decreased gradually after the initial induction. Patients who carried 3 or more mutations showed a lower CR rate than those with single gene mutations (all P<0.05) . Patients who carried>4 genes also showed a significantly lower CR rate than those with double gene mutations (P=0.031). Patients with FLT3-ITD mutations exhibited higher white blood level and lower CR rate than that in nonmutant type group (all P<0.05). The CR rate of patients with DNMT3A mutation was also significantly lower than that with nonmutant type (P=0.033). However, patients with FLT3-TKD mutations showed a higher platelet level than that with nonmutant type (P=0.019). There was no significant difference in CR rate and peripheral blood cell level between TET2 mutated and nonmutant type. Conclusion: NPM1 mutated elderly patients with AML commonly show additional mutations, and the amount and type of coexisting mutations have an influence on the clinical features and CR rate of elderly patients with AML.

[Preparation and quality standard of standard decoction of Scrophulariae Radix pieces]

The standard decoction of Chinese herbal decoction pieces is a standard reference substance to measure whether different dosage forms of Chinese medicine are basically consistent with those of clinical decoction,and provides new ideas and methods for effectively solving the problems of uneven quality in Chinese medicine dispensing granules. In this study,a systematic method for evaluating the quality of Scrophulariae Radix decoction was established from the perspective of " standard decoction",providing reference for the quality control of the Scrophulariae Radix dispensing granules. 15 batches of Scrophulariae Radix decoction pieces from different origins were collected,and 15 batches of standard decoctions were prepared according to the standardized process with water as solvent.Harpagide and harpagoside were used as quantitative detection indicators to determine the content,calculate the transfer rates and determine the extraction rate. The high performance liquid chromatography( HPLC) was used to establish a standard decoction fingerprint analysis method. The results showed that the transfer rates of harpagide and harpagoside in 15 batches of Scrophulariae Radix pieces standard decoction were( 70. 84±13. 39) % and( 48. 56±6. 40) % respectively; the extraction rate was( 57. 47±5. 89) %. Nine peaks were identified in the HPLC fingerprint,and the similarity was higher than 0. 97 between the fingerprints of 15 batches of standard decoction and the control fingerprint. In this study,the preparation process of standard decoction of Scrophulariae Radix pieces conformed to the traditional decoction preparation method. The sources of the samples were representative,and the established fingerprint method was stable and feasible,which can provide reference for the preparation and quality control of Scrophulariae Radix dispensing granules.

[Effects of shading on key enzyme genesexpression and accumulation of saponins in Panax japonicus var. major]

To explore the effects of shading and the expression of key enzyme genes on the synthesis and accumulation of Panax japonicus var. major saponins, different shading treatments (0%, 30%,50%) of potted P. japonicus var. major were used as test materials, the expression of three key enzyme genes(CAS,DS,β-AS) of leaves and rhizomes in different growth periods of P. japonicus var. major was determined by real-time quantitative PCR, the content of total saponins was determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry. The results indicated that, in flowering stage, CAS,DS,β-AS were highly expressed in the aerial parts of P. japonicus var. major, 30% shading treatment significantly inhibited the expression of CAS in leaves and promoted the expression of DS and β-AS in stems, leaves and flowers, it was speculated that the main part of saponin synthesis was leaf in this stage. Both the expression levels of DS and β-AS and changes in the content of total saponins in leaves showed a tendency of low-high-low throughout the growth cycle, correlation coefficient analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between them. Compared with control, the expression levels of DS and β-AS and the content of total saponins were greatly enhanced under shading treatment, 30% shading treatment significantly promoted the accumulation of total saponins. Therefore, it is suggested that 30% shading treatment should be applied to the artificial cultivation of P. japonicus var. major, which is beneficial to the accumulation and quality improvement of saponins.

[Efficacy of semicircular canal occlusion in the treatment of stage 3 or 4 Ménière's disease]

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of semicircular canal occlusion in the treatment of intractable Ménière's disease in stage 3 or 4.Method:Retrospective analysis of clincal date of twenty-nine patients who were referred to our institute and diagonsed with Ménière's disease. According to the preoperative staging of hearing, there were 12 cases in stage 3 and 17 cases in stage 4, and all patients underwent semicircular canal occlusion. The preoperative and postoperative frequency of vertigo, hearing, caloric test, functional level and tinnitus level were compared. Postoperative following-up period was 6-23 months, with an average of 13 months.Result:Postoperatively, vertigo was controlled effectively in all 29 cases, of which 26 cases(89.7%) were completely controlled and 3 cases(10.3%) were basic controlled. The hearing stabilized in 25 cases(86.2%), worse in 2 cases(6.9%) and improved in 2 cases(6.9%). The semicircular canal function of all patients were in low status by caloric test. The rate of tinnitus relief and functional improvement was 41.4%(12/29) and 96.6%(28/29).Conclusion:Semicircular canal occlusion is an effective measure for treatment of Ménière's disease in stage 3 or stage 4, especially in controlling vertigo and improving functional level, but the long-term follow-up is necessary.

Osteoblast differentiation of rabbit adipose-derived stem cells by polyethylenimine-mediated BMP-2 gene transfection in vitro

The aim of this study was to examine the efficiency of polyethylenimine-mediated transfection of the human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene into rabbit adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), and its effect on osteoblast differentiation. Adipose tissue was isolated from the necks of adult Japanese white rabbits and cultured in vitro to obtain ADSCs. Gene delivery of BMP-2 was mediated by polyethylenimine and stable transformants were selected by G-418. The expression of BMP-2 mRNA was confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and of the BMP-2 protein by ELISA. Osteocalcin and collagen type I were detected by western blot and by an alkaline phosphatase kit. Alizarin red S stain was also utilized to examine osteogenesis. The non-transfected group was considered as a control. In this study, we successfully derived ADSCs from rabbit adipose tissue. Through passages 3-6, the expression of CD29 and CD44 gradually increased, whereas the expression of CD34 and CD45 gradually decreased. Both mRNA and protein expression of BMP-2 were confirmed following polyethylenimine-mediated BMP-2 gene delivery. In addition, the expression of alkaline phosphatase, osteocalcin, and collagen type I was found to be upregulated and alizarin red S staining was positive in transfected ADSCs, indicating BMP-2-induced osteogenesis. Therefore, this study determined that polyethylenimine was able to mediate BMP-2 gene delivery and induce osteogenic differentiation of ADSCs.

[To study the effect of intratympanic injection with mouse nerve growth factor and methylprednisolone on sudden deafness]

Objective:To observe the efficacy of intratympanic injection with mouse nerve growth factor and methylprednisolone on the treatment of sudden deafness.Method:One hundred and forty-nine patients diagnosed as sudden deafness were randomly divided into the control group and the observation group. The control group was treated with the conventional medication and methylprednisolone(0.5 ml)+0.9%NaCl(0.5 ml), once every three days for two weeks. The observation group was added with mouse nerve growth factor(0.5 ml) once every three days for two weeks.Result:The total effective rate in the observation group of hearing, tinnitus and vertigo were respective 93.4%, 77.8%,85.2%, which were higher than 80.8%, 63.0%, 67.2%.in the control group.And the differences between them had statistical significance(P< 0.05).Conclusion:Effect of the intratympanic injection with mouse nerve growth factor and methylprednisolone on the treatment of sudden deafness is obvious, which can effectively improve hearing level, and relieve tinnitus and vertigo.

Characterization and identification of streptococci from golden pompano in China

Streptococcal infections cause significant mortality and high economic losses in the fish farm industry worldwide, including in the culture of golden pompano Trachinotus ovatus L., a species gaining popularity in China. A total of 9 streptococcal strains were isolated from cage-cultured diseased golden pompano in Beihai, Zhanjing, and Shenzhen, China, between 2012 and 2014. Conventional and rapid identification systems were used to determine that the isolates were Streptococcus agalactiae, S. iniae, and S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae. All isolates were gram-positive cocci cells in pairs or short-chain, non-motile, catalase negative, α or β hemolytic cocci. The results of multiplex PCR assays and 16S rRNA BLAST analysis also showed that the β hemolytic strains were S. agalactiae and S. iniae and the α hemolytic strain was S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae, respectively. Pathogenicity assays revealed that S. agalactiae (lethal dose [LD50]: 6.38 × 10(4) CFU ml(-1)) was more virulent for golden pompano than S. iniae (LD50: 1.47 × 10(7) CFU ml(-1)) and S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (LD50: 2.57 × 10(6) CFU ml(-1)) when they were challenged by intraperiotoneal (i.p.) injection. The results of antibiotic susceptibility showed that all strains were extremely susceptible to cefradine, erythromycin, and cefotaxime but resistant to gentamicin, penicillin G, novobiocin, neomycin, ciprofloxacin, roxithromycin, furazolidone, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, kanamycin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and vancomycin This is the first report of a phenomenon of golden pompano coinfection with S. agalactiae and S. iniae, which will contribute to the diagnosis and prevention of streptococcicosis.

An integrated simulation and optimization approach for managing human health risks of atmospheric pollutants by coal-fired power plants

This research developed a simulation-aided nonlinear programming model (SNPM). This model incorporated the consideration of pollutant dispersion modeling, and the management of coal blending and the related human health risks within a general modeling framework In SNPM, the simulation effort (i.e., California puff [CALPUFF]) was used to forecast the fate of air pollutants for quantifying the health risk under various conditions, while the optimization studies were to identify the optimal coal blending strategies from a number of alternatives. To solve the model, a surrogate-based indirect search approach was proposed, where the support vector regression (SVR) was used to create a set of easy-to-use and rapid-response surrogates for identifying the function relationships between coal-blending operating conditions and health risks. Through replacing the CALPUFF and the corresponding hazard quotient equation with the surrogates, the computation efficiency could be improved. The developed SNPM was applied to minimize the human health risk associated with air pollutants discharged from Gaojing and Shijingshan power plants in the west of Beijing. Solution results indicated that it could be used for reducing the health risk of the public in the vicinity of the two power plants, identifying desired coal blending strategies for decision makers, and considering a proper balance between coal purchase cost and human health risk.

IMPLICATIONS

A simulation-aided nonlinear programming model (SNPM) is developed. It integrates the advantages of CALPUFF and nonlinear programming model. To solve the model, a surrogate-based indirect search approach based on the combination of support vector regression and genetic algorithm is proposed. SNPM is applied to reduce the health risk caused by air pollutants discharged from Gaojing and Shijingshan power plants in the west of Beijing. Solution results indicate that it is useful for generating coal blending schemes, reducing the health risk of the public, reflecting the trade-offbetween coal purchase cost and health risk.

Pathogenicity and distribution of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs

The pathogenesis of highly pathogenic porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) strain (HuN4) is poorly understood. Therefore, highly pathogenic PRRSV strain (HuN4) and its derivative strain (HuN4-F112) (obtained by propagation in MARC145 cells for 112 passages) were inoculated into a total of 48 PRRSV-sero-negative pigs (age: 4-5 weeks) by the intranasal route. Virological, pathological and in situ hybridization analyses were performed. The results exhibited that pigs infected with HuN4 showed a loss of appetite, decrease in body weight, raised body temperature and respiratory symptoms, along with interstitial pneumonia lesions. In the HuN4 group, multifocal interstitial pneumonia with macrophage infiltration was found in the lung. The lesions in the lymph node were characterized by collapsed follicles, depletion of germinal centres and reduction in lymphocytes. Perivascular cuffing and glial nodules were observed in the brains of some pigs. By comparison, the HuN4-F112 group had milder lesions. PRRSV was detected in macrophages, alveolar epithelial cells and vascular endothelial cells in the tonsil and lymph nodes. The PRRSV amounts in the pigs infected with HuN4 were 10(5) -10(9) copies/ml in the blood and 10(10) -10(11) copies/g in the lung tissues, whereas the virus amounts with HuN4-F112 were 10(2.15) -10(3.13) copies/ml in the blood and 10(3.0) -10(3.6) copies/g in the lung. Our results demonstrate that the PRRS HuN4 virus infects alveolar epithelial cells, macrophages and vascular endothelial cells causing diffuse alveolar damage and lymph node necrosis. Its higher pathogenicity compared with HuN4-F112 virus may be explained in part by higher replication rate in the previously mentioned organs.

Involvement of cyclin-dependent kinase 5/p35(nck5a) in the synaptic reorganization of rat hippocampus during kindling progression

To test the hypothesis that a complex of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) and p35(nck5a) plays an important role in sprouting in the kindling rat hippocampus, we studied the changes in kinase activity, expression level and subcellular localization during kindling progression. The kinase activity in kindling rats was significantly higher than that in normal rats. The changes in kinase activity coincided with those of the p35(nck5a) expression in kindling rats. In contrast, the expression of Cdk5 was constant at all stages of kindling. Subcellular localization of Cdk5, however, changed markedly in the hippocampal neurons during kindling progression. Cdk5 translocated from axon to soma when the kinase activity was high. The phosphorylation level of tau protein was in good agreement with the Cdk5 kinase activity. In contrast, MAP kinase activity was not correlated with tau phosphorylation during kindling progression. These findings suggest that Cdk5/p35(nck5a) plays an important role in synaptic reorganization, and the translocation of Cdk5 to soma from axons is a crucial regulatory mechanism of kinase activity.

Constitutive overexpression of the major inducible 70 kDa heat shock protein mediates large plaque formation by measles virus

Induction of the cellular stress response elevates cytoplasmic levels of heat shock proteins (HSPs) belonging to multiple families. When infected with canine distemper virus or measles virus (MV), cells containing elevated HSPs support increased viral gene expression and cytopathic effect. The present work tests the hypothesis that increases in the major inducible 70 kDa HSP (hsp72) are sufficient to mediate the effect of stress response induction on infection phenotype. Human astrocytoma cells (U373) were stably transfected with the human hsp72 gene under control of the beta-actin promoter. Constitutive overexpression of hsp72 was demonstrated in multiple clones by Western blot analysis of cytoplasmic total protein. Southern blot analysis of cell DNA confirmed the recovery of genetically distinct clones. Infection of these clonal populations with MV resulted in increased viral transcript production relative to infected control cell lines. Increased transcript production was associated with increased viral membrane glycoprotein expression and cytopathic effect (i.e., mean plaque area). Increases in cytopathic effect were due to the emergence of a large plaque phenotype from a small plaque-purified inoculum, mimicking the effect of cellular stress response induction upon viral infection phenotype. Large plaque phenotypic variants reported in the literature are associated with enhanced neurovirulence, a fact that highlights the potential significance of physiologic elevations in hsp72 (e.g., fever-induced) that accompany in vivo viral infection.

Effects of vasopressin and involvement of receptor subtypes in the rat central amygdaloid nucleus in vitro

Effects of arginine-vasopressin (AVP) on neurons in the central amygdaloid nucleus (ACe) were investigated with rat brain slice preparations using extracellular recording methods. Of 160 ACe neurons tested, 70 cells (44%) were excited and 9 cells (6%) were inhibited by bath application of AVP at 3 x 10(-7) M. The excitatory effects of AVP were dose-dependent and the threshold concentration was approximately 10(-10) to 10(-9) M. The excitatory effects of AVP persisted under blockade of synaptic transmission by perfusing with Ca2+-free and high-Mg2+ medium, whereas the inhibitory effects were abolished by synaptic blockade. AVP-induced effects were mimicked by a V1-receptor agonist and completely blocked by a selective V1-antagonist. V2-agonist produced no effects on ACe neurons and V2-antagonist had no effect on AVP-induced excitation. These results showed that the excitatory effect of AVP on ACe neurons was produced by a direct action through the V1-receptors, whereas the inhibitory response of ACe neurons to AVP seemed to be produced by an indirect action. The results of this study suggest that AVP is involved in the amygdala-relevant functions as a neurotransmitter or a neuromodulator.

Changes in the expression of novel Cdk5 activator messenger RNA (p39nck5ai mRNA) during rat brain development

We previously reported that a neuron-specific Cdk5 activator, p35nck5ai, was most prominent in the newborn rat brain. In the adult brain, the expression decreased in most regions except hippocampus and primary olfactory cortex. A novel neuron-specific Cdk5 activator, p39nck5ai, has been recently cloned. To clarify whether two activators were differentially distributed throughout brain development, in this study, we examined the spatial and temporal expression of p39nck5ai in the development rat brain. Northern blot analysis showed that p39nck5ai expression was low in 15-day old fetuses and newborn, and was most prominent in the 1-3 week-old rat brains. In the adult rat brain, expression declined to the same level as in newborn rat brain. In situ hybridization showed that p39nck5ai mRNA was weakly expressed in all neurons of all regions in the newborn rat brain and the transcriptional level was highest in all regions in the 3 week-old rat brain. In the adult, expression was decreased in most neurons except Purkinje and granule cells in the cerebellum which retained high levels. These results suggest that p35nck5a and p39nck5ai may have different functional roles in distinct brain regions during different states of the rat brain development.

[Molecular screening and prenatal diagnosis of the deletional alpha-thalassemia by polymerase chain reaction amplification]

For the genetic counselling, 8,432 blood samples from Chinese couples were screened for detecting alpha-thalassemia in Guangzhou city. The positive diagnosis of 646 (7.66%) alpha-thalassemia patients was made. One hundred DNA random samples from the above positive cases were collected and were analysed by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the genotype of alpha-thalassemia of Southeast Asian deletion(--SEA/). Of 100 alpha-thalassemia individuals screened for the (--SEA/) mutation, 99 (96 with alpha-thalassemia trait and 3 with hemoglobin H disease) were detected by the present method. This mutation was not found in the remaining one with alpha-thalassemia compound Hb Q. We also used this assay to analyse DNA samples from cord blood in 6 pregnancies at risk of Bart's hydrops fetalis, in 1 at risk of Hb H disease for prenatal diagnosis.

[Detection of a gene mutation in familial adenomatous polyposis families by PCR-RFLP method]

A simple and rapid PCR-RFLP method was used to detect a mutation hotspot of adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) gene. Among seven familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) families, we found individuals in family FD carrying a mutated APC gene or a mutated APC allele with AAAGA deletion in codon 1,309 region. Two young affected persons in twenties were detected by screening the family FD kindred with this PCR-RFLP method. The results are in good accordance with those of colonoscopic examination. The PCR-RFLP method we established proves to be a reliable and simple technique for early detection of some FAP patients. The results indicated the existence of same kind of APC gene mutations in Chinese FAP families as those in western countries.

[Adult onset Still's disease: review of 50 cases and evaluation of diagnostic criteria]

On the basis of clinical and laboratory data of 50 patients with adult onset Still's disease (AOSD), we strictly examined 4 diagnostic criteria adopted by different authors: criteria of Calabro, ARA, Medsger and Liu Gui-xin. Our result shows that Calabro's criteria has the best specificity (100%) and a higher diagnosis index (0.90) among the 4 criteria. Liu's criteria provides the best sensitivity (98%), but a lower specificity (86.9%) with a misdiagnosis rate of 14%. The rate of missed diagnosis with the ARA criteria is 35.7%. According to the present study, we recommend Liu's criteria for preliminary screen diagnosis, while Calabro's criteria for confirmation and differential diagnosis. Of special interest is that serum ferritin (SF) determination showed significantly higher level in 20 patients with AOSD (average 1194.5mg/L) than that in 19 patients with other rheumatic diseases (average 94mg/L, P < 0.001). AOSD patients with active disease have higher SF levels than patients with inactive disease (average 2742.9mg/L & 291.25mg/L, P < 0.001). So this test might be useful in diagnosis in AOSD and assessment of disease activity.

[Role of enteric Klebsiella pneumonia infection and HLA-B27 in ankylosing spondylitis]

Klebsiella pneumonia (KP) infection and HLA-B 27 have been shown to be strongly associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In the present study, faecal cultures were performed and showed faecal carriage rate of KP was much higher in patients with AS (10/30) and hospital volunteers (2/10) than in the non-hospital volunteers (0/20). An octadecapeptide encompassing the shared hexamer between HLA-B 27 and KP nitrogenase residue was synthesized and autoantibodies against this short peptide were detected in sera of patients with AS and Reiter's syndrome (RS) and other related disease and normal controls. The results showed that such autoantibodies were detected in 42.2% of AS and 30% of RS patients yielding positive rate much higher than those found in other control groups. It is concluded that enteric KP infection were strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of AS probably by the mechanism of molecular mimicry with HLA-B 27.

Hearing impairment in diabetics

Bekesy audiometry, impedance audiometry with stapedius reflex test, speech discrimination and the recording of electrocochleography (ECochG) and brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) were performed in 43 diabetics and 43 strictly sex- and age-matched nondiabetic controls. The results revealed that the average pure-tone thresholds, subjective click threshold and AP reactive threshold were significantly elevated in the diabetics. The average speech discrimination maximum score was significantly decreased in the diabetics. The diabetic hearing impairment was characterized by high frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Both the cochlear and retrocochlear pathology existed in the diabetics with hearing impairment.

[Detection of serum anti-salivary duct antibody and its clinical significance]

The authors developed an indirect immunofluorescence technique for the detection of Anti-salivary duct antibody (ASDA) and screened 34 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 15 patients with Sjögren's syndrome-rheumatoid arthritis and 15 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome, 63 cases with other connective tissue diseases, 9 cases with other diseases and 40 normal controls. The incidence of ASDA in patients with Sjögren's syndrome rheumatoid arthritis (66.67%) or rheumatoid arthritis (32.35%) was significantly higher than that in normal controls (P less than 0.001). In patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome and other CTDs, non-CTDs, no ASDA was found. However, in patients with Sjögren's syndrome-rheumatoid arthritis or rheumatoid arthritis alone, ASDA was not correlated with age, sex, disease duration or serological findings. The result suggests that the detection of serum ASDA might be useful in the differentiation of Sjögren's syndrome with rheumatoid arthritis from primary Sjögren's syndrome with arthralgia and/or arthritis.