|
1
|
Nan L, Wang C, Dai Y, Wang J, Bo X, Zhang S, Zhang D, Liu H, Wang Y. Cystic Duct Carcinoma: A New Classification System and the Clinicopathological Features of 62 Patients. Front Oncol 2021; 11:696714. [PMID: 34178696 PMCID: PMC8225998 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.696714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cystic duct carcinoma (CDC) is a rare biliary malignancy with a low incidence and poor prognosis. However, the clinical landscape of the disease has not been clarified and no widely applicable classification system has been developed. Methods Sixty-two patients with CDC were included in this retrospective study, and a new classification system was established using imaging data. Blood indices, radiological characteristics, pathological features, surgical procedures, and overall survival data were collected. The efficacy of the new classification in predicting resectability was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and K-means clustering and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding were applied to verify the conclusion. Results The pT stage of patients with type II CDC was significantly worse than that of type I. Patients with type II CDC were more likely to experience distant metastasis and invasion of the nervous system, vascular system, and liver. The resectability of patients with type II CDC was significantly worse than that of patients with type I CDC. Patients with type II CDC had worse prognoses. ROC curve analysis and K-means clustering revealed that the new classification could better categorize patients with CDC than currently available systems. Conclusion Patients with type II CDC have significantly worse clinicopathological outcomes. The new classification system has better accuracy in grouping patients with CDC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Nan
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary Tract Diseases Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changcheng Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary Tract Diseases Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yajie Dai
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Shanghai, China.,Department of Medical Imaging, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary Tract Diseases Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaobo Bo
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary Tract Diseases Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shulong Zhang
- Biliary Tract Diseases Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Dexiang Zhang
- Biliary Tract Diseases Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Houbao Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary Tract Diseases Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of General Surgery, Xuhui District Central Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai, China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Biliary Tract Diseases Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Center, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Imaging Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Rizzo A. Targeted Therapies in Advanced Cholangiocarcinoma: A Focus on FGFR Inhibitors. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:458. [PMID: 34066684 PMCID: PMC8151905 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57050458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite advanced diseases continuing to be associated with grim prognoses, the past decade has witnessed the advent of several novel treatment options for cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) patients. In fact, CCA has emerged as a heterogeneous group of malignancies harboring potentially druggable mutations in approximately 50% of cases, and thus, molecularly targeted therapies have been actively explored in this setting. Among these, fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) inhibitors have reported important results, as witnessed by the FDA approval of pemigatinib in previously treated metastatic CCA patients harboring FGFR2 fusion or other rearrangements. Herein, we provide an overview of available evidence on FGFR inhibitors in CCA, especially focusing on the development, pitfalls and challenges of emerging treatments in this setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rizzo
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|