1
|
Tanaka C, Tagami T, Nagano M, Nakayama F, Kaneko J, Kuno M. Risk factors for the need for advanced care among prescription and over-the-counter drug overdose patients. Acute Med Surg 2024; 11:e942. [PMID: 38500638 PMCID: PMC10946162 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim Prescription drug and over-the-counter (OTC) drug overdose is a major problem in emergency departments in Japan, and some need advanced care which is more than observation. We aimed to identify the prehospital risk factors for the need of advanced care among overdose patients. Methods This was a single-center retrospective cohort study. We included overdoses patients of prescription drugs or OTC drugs, who admitted to our hospital between 2016 and 2021. We grouped them into advanced care and non-advanced care. The main outcome was the need for advanced care. We performed a multiple logistic regression analysis, calculated the PAV score (Paracetamol use, Alcohol use, abnormal Vital signs on scene) and performed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results There were 229 subjects. The logistic regression analysis revealed that alcohol, paracetamol, and the abnormal vital signs on scene were associated with advanced care (alcohol-odds ratio [OR]: 2.95; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.29-6.75; paracetamol-OR: 5.47; 95% CI: 2.18-13.71; abnormal vital signs-OR: 4.61, 95% CI: 2.07-10.27). The rate of advanced care in the high PAV score (2 and 3) group was statistically higher than that in the low PAV score (0-1) group (p = 0.04). Area under the ROC curve of the PAV score was 0.72 (95% CI, 0.65-0.80). Conclusion Alcohol, paracetamol use and abnormal vital signs on scene might be risk factors for advanced care among prescription drugs or OTC drugs overdose patients, and the PAV score may predict the need for advanced care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chie Tanaka
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care MedicineNippon Medical School Tama Nagayama HospitalTama‐shiJapan
| | - Takashi Tagami
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care MedicineNippon Medical School Musashikosugi HospitalKawasakiJapan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public HealthThe University of TokyoBunkyoJapan
| | | | - Fumihiko Nakayama
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care MedicineNippon Medical School Tama Nagayama HospitalTama‐shiJapan
| | - Junya Kaneko
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care MedicineNippon Medical School Tama Nagayama HospitalTama‐shiJapan
| | - Masamune Kuno
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care MedicineNippon Medical School Tama Nagayama HospitalTama‐shiJapan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gayatri Devi R, Ezhilarasan D. Concurrent administration of farnesol protects acetaminophen-induced acute hepatic necrosis in mice. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23478. [PMID: 37458150 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) is known to cause acute liver injury and acute liver failure in Western countries. This study investigates the protective role of farnesol (FAR) (C15 H26 O), a natural sesquiterpene alcohol in essential oils, against APAP-induced acute liver necrosis in mice. Mice were injected with a single dose of APAP (300 mg/kg) via an intraperitoneal route. Different groups of mice were concurrently treated with a single dose of FAR 25 mg/kg, FAR 50 mg/kg, and N-acetylcysteine. APAP administration caused a significant increase in transaminase activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the serum and liver tissue, respectively, with a concomitant decrease in intracellular antioxidants, including reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver tissue. APAP intoxication upregulated proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), and IκB kinase β in the liver tissue. FAR and N-acetylcysteine (NAC) administrations concurrently with APAP prevented serum transaminase increase in serum and MDA levels in the liver tissue. A high dose of FAR and NAC treatments significantly inhibited GSH and other antioxidant depletion. FAR and NAC treatments also downregulated the expression of proinflammatory markers. FAR treatments protects against APAP-induced acute liver injury and offers antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway involved in the transcription of genes responsible for inflammatory cytokine synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramalingam Gayatri Devi
- Department of Physiology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nouioura G, Kettani T, Tourabi M, Elousrouti LT, Al kamaly O, Alshawwa SZ, Shahat AA, Alhalmi A, Lyoussi B, Derwich E. The Protective Potential of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss. on Paracetamol-Induced Hepatio-Renal Toxicity and Antiproteinuric Effect: A Biochemical, Hematological, and Histopathological Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1814. [PMID: 37893532 PMCID: PMC10608762 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Paracetamol overdose is a significant global issue due to its widespread use, which can lead to a lack of awareness regarding its potential side effects. Paracetamol can harm the liver, possibly resulting in liver failure. Conversely, this study employed extracts from Petroselinum crispum (PC), known for its rich content of bioactive compounds, with demonstrated antioxidant properties shown in previous research as well as protective effects against various diseases. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of Petroselinum crispum on altered hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of rats exposed to paracetamol. Materials and Methods: The study involved twenty Wistar rats divided into four groups. Different groups of male rats were administered PC extract at 200 mg/kg body weight daily for 15 days, along with a standard reference dose of paracetamol at 200 mg/kg. The study assessed hepatoprotection capacity by analyzing liver enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin, albumin, and lipid profiles. Renal safety was evaluated through creatinine, urea, uric acid, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and total protein. Additionally, histopathological examinations of the liver and kidneys were conducted. Results: Following Paracetamol overdose, there were reductions in hemoglobin levels, serum total protein, albumin, and uric acid. Paracetamol overdose also elevated levels of several blood biomarkers, including creatinine, urea, nitrogen, ALT, AST, triglycerides, LDH activity, white blood cell count, and platelet count compared to the control group. However, using an ethanolic extract of Petroselinum crispum significantly mitigated the severity of these alterations and the extent of the effect correlated with the dose administered. Parsley extract helped prevent proteinuria and low hemoglobin, which are common side effects of Paracetamol. Conclusions: Therefore, parsley may hold promise in managing liver and kidney conditions-particularly in addressing proteinuria. Ultimately, these results may have implications for human health by potentially mitigating paracetamol-induced renal, hepatic, and hematological toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghizlane Nouioura
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El-Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (M.T.); (B.L.); (E.D.)
| | - Tayeb Kettani
- Saâda Laboratory of Medical Analysis, Fez 30000, Morocco;
| | - Meryem Tourabi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El-Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (M.T.); (B.L.); (E.D.)
| | | | - Omkulthom Al kamaly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.k.); (S.Z.A.)
| | - Samar Zuhair Alshawwa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia; (O.A.k.); (S.Z.A.)
| | - Abdelaaty A. Shahat
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy King Saud University, P.O. Box 2457, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Badiaa Lyoussi
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El-Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (M.T.); (B.L.); (E.D.)
| | - Elhoussine Derwich
- Laboratory of Natural Substances, Pharmacology, Environment, Modeling, Health and Quality of Life (SNAMOPEQ), Faculty of Sciences Dhar El-Mehraz, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco; (M.T.); (B.L.); (E.D.)
- Unity of GC/MS and GC, City of Innovation, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chilvery S, Yelne A, Khurana A, Saifi MA, Bansod S, Anchi P, Godugu C. Acetaminophen induced hepatotoxicity: An overview of the promising protective effects of natural products and herbal formulations. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 108:154510. [PMID: 36332383 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The liver plays an important role in regulating the metabolic processes and is the most frequently targeted organ by toxic chemicals. Acetaminophen (APAP) is a well-known anti-allergic, anti-pyretic, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), which upon overdose leads to hepatotoxicity, the major adverse event of this over-the-counter drug. PURPOSE APAP overdose induced acute liver injury is the second most common cause that often requires liver transplantation worldwide, for which N-acetyl cysteine is the only synthetic drug clinically approved as an antidote. So, it was felt that there is a need for the novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of liver diseases with less adverse effects. This review provides detailed analysis of the different plant extracts; phytochemicals and herbal formulations for the amelioration of APAP-induced liver injury. METHOD The data was collected using different online resources including PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Springer, and Web of Science using keywords given below. RESULTS Over the past decades various reports have revealed that plant-based approaches may be a better treatment choice for the APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in pre-clinical experimental conditions. Moreover, herbal compounds provide several advantages over the synthetic drugs with fewer side effects, easy availability and less cost for the treatment of life-threatening diseases. CONCLUSION The current review summarizes the hepatoprotective effects and therapeutic mechanisms of various plant extracts, active phytoconstituents and herbal formulations with potential application against APAP induced hepatotoxicity as the numbers of hepatoprotective natural products are more without clinical relativity. Further, pre-clinical pharmacological research will contribute to the designing of natural products as medicines with encouraging prospects for clinical application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shrilekha Chilvery
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amit Yelne
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Amit Khurana
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Mohd Aslam Saifi
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sapana Bansod
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Pratibha Anchi
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Chandraiah Godugu
- Department of Regulatory Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Balanagar, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chidiac AS, Buckley NA, Noghrehchi F, Cairns R. Paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose and hepatotoxicity: mechanism, treatment, prevention measures, and estimates of burden of disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:297-317. [PMID: 37436926 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2223959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Paracetamol is one of the most used medicines worldwide and is the most common important poisoning in high-income countries. In overdose, paracetamol causes dose-dependent hepatotoxicity. Acetylcysteine is an effective antidote, however despite its use hepatotoxicity and many deaths still occur. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes paracetamol overdose and toxicity (including mechanisms, risk factors, risk assessment, and treatment). In addition, we summarize the epidemiology of paracetamol overdose worldwide. A literature search on PubMed for poisoning epidemiology and mortality from 1 January 2017 to 26 October 2022 was performed to estimate rates of paracetamol overdose, liver injury, and deaths worldwide. EXPERT OPINION Paracetamol is widely available and yet is substantially more toxic than other analgesics available without prescription. Where data were available, we estimate that paracetamol is involved in 6% of poisonings, 56% of severe acute liver injury and acute liver failure, and 7% of drug-induced liver injury. These estimates are limited by lack of available data from many countries, particularly in Asia, South America, and Africa. Harm reduction from paracetamol is possible through better identification of high-risk overdoses, and better treatment regimens. Large overdoses and those involving modified-release paracetamol are high-risk and can be targeted through legislative change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle S Chidiac
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Nicholas A Buckley
- New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Firouzeh Noghrehchi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Discipline of Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rose Cairns
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- New South Wales Poisons Information Centre, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Stanton MT. Part
II
: Interactive case: Toxicology and poison control. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CLINICAL PHARMACY 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jac5.1725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
7
|
Peshkova M, Kosheleva N, Shpichka A, Radenska-Lopovok S, Telyshev D, Lychagin A, Li F, Timashev P, Liang XJ. Targeting Inflammation and Regeneration: Scaffolds, Extracellular Vesicles, and Nanotechnologies as Cell-Free Dual-Target Therapeutic Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213796. [PMID: 36430272 PMCID: PMC9694395 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects over 250 million people worldwide and despite various existing treatment strategies still has no cure. It is a multifactorial disease characterized by cartilage loss and low-grade synovial inflammation. Focusing on these two targets together could be the key to developing currently missing disease-modifying OA drugs (DMOADs). This review aims to discuss the latest cell-free techniques applied in cartilage tissue regeneration, since they can provide a more controllable approach to inflammation management than the cell-based ones. Scaffolds, extracellular vesicles, and nanocarriers can be used to suppress inflammation, but they can also act as immunomodulatory agents. This is consistent with the latest tissue engineering paradigm, postulating a moderate, controllable inflammatory reaction to be beneficial for tissue remodeling and successful regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Peshkova
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nastasia Kosheleva
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- FSBSI Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Stefka Radenska-Lopovok
- Institute for Clinical Morphology and Digital Pathology, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Telyshev
- Institute of Biomedical Systems, National Research University of Electronic Technology, 124498 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Bionic Technologies and Engineering, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Lychagin
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Disaster Surgery, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Fangzhou Li
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
| | - Xing-Jie Liang
- Laboratory of Clinical Smart Nanotechnologies, Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, National Center for Nanoscience and Technology of China, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Woo SM, Alhaqqan DM, Gildea DT, Patel PA, Cundra LB, Lewis JH. Highlights of the drug-induced liver injury literature for 2021. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 16:767-785. [PMID: 35839342 DOI: 10.1080/17474124.2022.2101996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2021, over 3,000 articles on Drug-Induced Liver Injury (DILI) were published, nearly doubling the annual number compared to 2011. This review selected DILI articles from 2021 we felt held the greatest interest and clinical relevance. AREAS COVERED A literature search was conducted using PubMed between 1 March 2021 and 28 February 2022. 86 articles were included. This review discusses new and established cases of hepatotoxins, including new FDA approvals and COVID-19 therapeutics. Developments in biomarkers and causality assessment methods are discussed. Updates from registries are also explored. EXPERT OPINION DILI diagnosis and prognostication remain challenging. Roussel Uclaf Causality Assessment Method (RUCAM) is the best option for determining causality and has been increasingly accepted by clinicians. Revised Electronic Causality Assessment Method (RECAM) may be more user-friendly and accurate but requires further validation. Quantitative systems pharmacology methods, such as DILIsym, are increasingly used to predict hepatotoxicity. Oncotherapeutic agents represent many newly approved and described causes of DILI. Such hepatotoxicity is deemed acceptable relative to the benefit these drugs offer. Drugs developed for non-life-threatening disorders may not show a favorable benefit-to-risk ratio and will be more difficult to approve. As the COVID-19 landscape evolves, its effect on DILI deserves further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Woo
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Dalal M Alhaqqan
- Department of Gastroenterology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Daniel T Gildea
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Palak A Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Lindsey B Cundra
- Department of Internal Medicine, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| | - James H Lewis
- Department of Gastroenterology, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Jasat H, Thompson J, Sonneborn O, Dayment J, Miller C. Prolonged use of paracetamol and the prescribing patterns on rehabilitation facilities. J Clin Nurs 2021; 31:3605-3616. [PMID: 34957612 DOI: 10.1111/jocn.16188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES The study investigated: (a) the usage patterns of paracetamol, and (b) the association between paracetamol use and patient outcomes such as liver and kidney functions among older people. BACKGROUND Paracetamol is a well-known analgesic and antipyretic drug, with an excellent safety profile when used within its recommended dose. It is a commonly used drug by people aged over 65 years to treat chronic pain. Prolonged use of paracetamol in the elderly is poorly understood. As such, there is a genuine risk among older people of unintentional overdose. METHODS A retrospective analysis of medical records in rehabilitation wards was undertaken from 1 July 2016 to 30 June 2017. Patients' paracetamol use, prescribing patterns and biochemical results were analysed to assess for differences in admission and discharge biochemistry results. The TREND Statement was utilised to guide study reporting (Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research, 2021). RESULTS A total of 1119 patients were admitted for seven or more days in a metropolitan tertiary hospital in Melbourne. Almost three-quarters (74%) of patients were administered paracetamol; 76.1% received Immediate-Release Paracetamol (IRP), and 23.9% were given Sustained-release paracetamol (SRP). A proportion (4.5%) of patients in both the IRP and SRP groups received more than the daily recommended dose. There were limited statistically significant differences between patients' admission and discharge biochemistry results; group or time differences were observed, which were indicative of improvements within the paracetamol group. CONCLUSION Paracetamol was a commonly used medication among long-stay elderly patients. Precaution to ensure paracetamol use does not exceed recommended daily doses is required. This study suggests that paracetamol used at a therapeutic level in older patients had limited, negative associations with liver and kidney function. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE The clinical practice regarding prolonged use of paracetamol is ambitious. The increased risk of paracetamol toxicity among the frail elderly is a concern. Optimising the dose adjustment in the elderly is important to avoid adverse outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Homairah Jasat
- La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Thompson
- Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia.,Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Olivia Sonneborn
- La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Charne Miller
- La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|