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Giordani G, Ottoboni T, Ottoboni G, Martini CA, Almeida G, Falacho RI. Digital resources for surgical and restorative treatment of excessive gingival display in one session. J ESTHET RESTOR DENT 2024. [PMID: 38837612 DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article aims to showcase the implementation of a digital workflow in addressing a case of multifactorial excessive gingival display in a patient with high esthetic demands, incorporating both surgical and restorative interventions in a single session. CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS A 28-year-old female patient presented with excessive gingival display, attributed to a combination of short teeth due to altered passive eruption, lip hyperactivity, and a sub-nasal depression that lodged the upper lip during spontaneous smiling. The multidisciplinary treatment strategy encompassed surgical crown lengthening, the placement of a biovolume in the maxillary concavity, and the rehabilitation of the six anterior teeth with direct composite resin, all done in a single session. Smilecloud Biometrics was used to digitally plan the smile, and the final wax-up/mock-up was approved by the patient prior to any irreversible procedure. A digital planning center (GuiderLab) enabled the materialization of the virtual planning and the printing of the periodontal surgical guide, the biovolume, and the resin layering guides for the restorative technique. CONCLUSIONS Adopting a digital workflow in multidisciplinary cases with excessive gingival display leads to predictable and more expedited outcomes, ensuring a favorable result between soft and hard tissues. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Excessive gingival display is a condition with multifactorial etiologies, including dentoalveolar, periodontal, skeletal, or muscular origins, or a combination of these factors. The diagnoses of altered passive eruption and a hypermobile upper lip are common in daily clinical practice and can be successfully managed through surgical crown lengthening and filling of the maxillary concavity, respectively. To achieve the desired outcome, restorative procedures often complement these surgical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Ottoboni
- Private Practice, Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Blumenau, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gabriela Almeida
- Dentistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rui I Falacho
- Center for Innovation and Research in Oral Sciences (CIROS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Jurado CA, Villalobos-Tinoco J, Mekled S, Sanchez R, Afrashtehfar KI. Printed Digital Wax-up Model as a Blueprint for Layered Pressed-ceramic Laminate Veneers: Technique Description and Case Report. Oper Dent 2023; 48:618-626. [PMID: 37881104 DOI: 10.2341/22-144-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
This article presents a clinical technique for transferring Digital Smile Design (DSD) information and a digital wax-up to fabricate highly personalized ceramic laminate veneers. The hybrid workflow of digitally designed wax-up and conventional hand-crafted veneers is showcased in a female adult who sought to improve her smile due to maxillary anterior incisal wear. The ceramic veneers, layered by feldspathic porcelain, followed the contours and shade blueprint planned with the digital wax-up. The DSD improved the harmony of the facial-and-smile relationship, and the ceramic restorations fulfilled the patient's esthetic and functional demands. Guides based on the printed model with the digitally designed wax-up can provide a reference for pressed lithium disilicate veneers layered with feldspathic porcelain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Jurado
- Carlos Alberto Jurado, DDS, MS, associate professor, Department of Prosthodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - J Villalobos-Tinoco
- Jose Villalobos-Tinoco, DDS, MS, visiting faculty, Specialty Program in Periodontics, National University of Rosario School of Dentistry, Rosario, Argentina
| | - S Mekled
- Salwa Mekled, DDS, MBA, associate professor, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Temple University Kornberg School of Dentistry, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - R Sanchez
- Ramon Sanchez, MDT, dental technician, private practice, San Felipe, BC, Mexico
| | - K I Afrashtehfar
- *Kelvin I. Afrashtehfar, DDS, MSc, Dr, FDS RCS, FRCDC, assistant professor, Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Clinical Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, AE, UAE; adjunct research associate professor, Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, BE, Switzerland
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Nourah D. Digital Smile Makeover: A Multidisciplinary Team Approach. Eur J Dent 2023; 17:1349-1355. [PMID: 37130552 PMCID: PMC10756785 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1764426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Aesthetics is a fundamental part of contemporary dental practice. A pleasant smile depends on the gingival tissue architecture and dental characteristics. Excessive gingival display (gummy smile) is considered an unattractive smile and can affect a person's confidence. There are many etiological factors related to a gummy smile. Aesthetic rehabilitation of these cases often requires an interdisciplinary approach and close collaboration between dental specialties. This article describes an approach to excessive gingival display management caused by short teeth and hyperactive lips using a digital workflow for crown lengthening. A digital approach enables predictable planning and decreases the need for postsurgical modifications, thus shortening the treatment duration. Computer software is used for planning and 3D-printed guide for crown lengthening and implant placement. Two months later, lip repositioning was performed to reduce the hyperactive lip. After 4 months, prosthetic treatment and Botox injections were done to restore an aesthetic smile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia Nourah
- Department of Basic and Clinical Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Umm Al- Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Chisnoiu AM, Staicu AC, Kui A, Chisnoiu RM, Iacob S, Fluerașu M, Buduru S. Smile Design and Treatment Planning-Conventional versus Digital-A Pilot Study. J Pers Med 2023; 13:1028. [PMID: 37511641 PMCID: PMC10381669 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13071028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Several methods are currently available for providing a preview of the prosthodontic treatment, including computer simulations, 3D models, wax-ups, and mock-ups. The aim of this study is to compare the aesthetic aspects and assessment of conventional versus digital prefigurative methods. METHODS The study included 5 patients and 3 observers, for each of whom a wax-up was made in both the conventional and digital techniques. The analog method, which implied a mock-up molding with a silicone matrix of the wax-up, was compared to a digital workflow, which consisted of a mock-up milling from a digital design. The patient's clinical mock-ups were recorded with digital photographs and assessed for nine different criteria by three observers. RESULTS The analysis has shown a balanced assessment of the aesthetic criteria without any significant difference between the analog and digital prefigurative methods. CONCLUSIONS Between the two wax-ups (conventional and digital), there were some variations in smile and dental criteria; however, the obtained data were very similar. When it comes to the smile criteria, the general average grades of the mock-ups conducted using the conventional method are slightly higher than the ones using the digital technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Maria Chisnoiu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Cristina Staicu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andreea Kui
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu Marcel Chisnoiu
- Department of Odontology, Endodontics and Oral Pathology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simona Iacob
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mirela Fluerașu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Smaranda Buduru
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Guzman-Perez G, Jurado CA, Azpiazu-Flores FX, Munoz-Luna H, Afrashtehfar KI, Nurrohman H. Soft Tissue Grafting Procedures before Restorations in the Esthetic Zone: A Minimally Invasive Interdisciplinary Case Report. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050822. [PMID: 37241054 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An esthetically pleasing smile is a valuable aspect of physical appearance and plays a significant role in social interaction. Achieving the perfect balance between extraoral and intraoral tissues is essential for a harmonious and attractive smile. However, certain intraoral deficiencies, such as non-carious cervical lesions and gingival recession, can severely compromise the overall aesthetics, particularly in the anterior zone. Addressing such conditions requires careful planning and meticulous execution of both surgical and restorative procedures. This interdisciplinary clinical report presents a complex case of a patient with esthetic complaints related to asymmetric anterior gingival architecture and severely discolored and eroded maxillary anterior teeth. The patient was treated using a combination of minimally invasive ceramic veneers and plastic mucogingival surgery, resulting in a successful outcome. The report emphasizes the potential of this approach in achieving optimal esthetic results in challenging cases, highlighting the importance of an interdisciplinary team approach in achieving a harmonious balance between dental and soft tissue aesthetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerardo Guzman-Perez
- Department of Graduate Periodontics, Multidisciplinary Educational Center in Oral Rehabilitation (CEMRO), Tarímbaro 58893, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Jurado
- Department of Prosthodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Francisco X Azpiazu-Flores
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3N4, Canada
| | | | - Kelvin I Afrashtehfar
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Clinical Sciences Department, Ajman College of Dentistry, Ajman City P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hamid Nurrohman
- Missouri School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
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Robles M, Jurado CA, Azpiazu-Flores FX, Villalobos-Tinoco J, Afrashtehfar KI, Fischer NG. An Innovative 3D Printed Tooth Reduction Guide for Precise Dental Ceramic Veneers. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:216. [PMID: 37103306 PMCID: PMC10146615 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14040216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth reduction guides allow clinicians to obtain the ideal space required for ceramic restorations. This case report describes a novel design (CAD) for an additive computer-aided manufactured (a-CAM) tooth reduction guide with channels that permitted access for the preparation and evaluation of the reduction with the same guide. The guide features innovative vertical and horizontal channels that permit comprehensive access for preparation and evaluation of the reduction with a periodontal probe, ensuring uniform tooth reduction and avoiding overpreparation. This approach was successfully applied to a female patient with non-carious lesions and white spot lesions, resulting in minimally invasive tooth preparations and hand-crafted laminate veneer restorations that met the patient's aesthetic demands while preserving tooth structure. Compared to traditional silicone reduction guides, this novel design offers greater flexibility, enabling clinicians to evaluate tooth reduction in all directions and providing a more comprehensive assessment. Overall, this 3D printed tooth reduction guide represents a significant advancement in dental restoration technology, offering clinicians a useful tool for achieving optimal outcomes with minimal tooth reduction. Future work is warranted to compare tooth reductions and preparation time for this guide to other 3D printed guides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Robles
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Vizcaya de las Americas, Hermosillo 83240, Mexico
| | - Carlos A. Jurado
- Department of Prosthodontics, The University of Iowa College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Francisco X. Azpiazu-Flores
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Jose Villalobos-Tinoco
- Postgraduate Program in Periodontology and Implant Surgery, Facultad de Odontologia, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario S2002KTT, Argentina
| | - Kelvin I. Afrashtehfar
- Evidence-Based Practice Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman City P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicholas G. Fischer
- Minnesota Dental Research Center for Biomaterials and Biomechanics, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA
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Azpiazu-Flores FX, Lee DJ, Jurado CA, Nurrohman H. 3D-Printed Overlay Template for Diagnosis and Planning Complete Arch Implant Prostheses. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081062. [PMID: 37107896 PMCID: PMC10137737 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental implants are a reliable alternative to treating edentulism. In clinical situations where the dentition has been severely affected by partial edentulism, advanced wear, or periodontal disease, establishing important occlusal elements such as the occlusal plane, incisal guidance, and esthetics can be hard to visualize at the diagnostic stage. Contemporary data-acquisition technologies such as 3D scanners and CAD/CAM systems permit the precise manufacture of highly complex devices applicable to any stage of restorative treatment. The present clinical report presents an alternative technique for evaluating the projected artificial tooth relationships, vertical dimension, and occlusal plane in patients with severely weakened dentition by using a 3D-printed overlay template.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco X Azpiazu-Flores
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W3, Canada
| | - Damian J Lee
- Director Advanced Prosthodontics Residency Program, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Carlos A Jurado
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry and Dental Clinics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Hamid Nurrohman
- Missouri School of Dentistry & Oral Health, A.T. Still University, Kirksville, MO 63501, USA
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Guzman-Perez G, Jurado CA, Azpiazu-Flores F, Afrashtehfar KI, Tsujimoto A. Minimally Invasive Laminate Veneer Therapy for Maxillary Central Incisors. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59030603. [PMID: 36984604 PMCID: PMC10053945 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59030603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Minimally invasive dentistry is a considered process that requires the clinician to be prepared with the ideal sequence and the tools needed. This report describes a well-planned ultraconservative approach using only two ceramic laminate veneers for the maxillary central incisors to significantly improve the patient's overall smile. A 30-year-old female presented with the chief complaints of having diastemas between the central and lateral incisors as well as incisal wear. Diagnostic wax-up and mock-up were performed, and the patient approved the minimally invasive treatment with veneers only for central incisors. A reduction guide aided the conservative tooth preparations, and hand-crafted feldspathic veneers were bonded under total isolation with a rubber dam. The two final conservative veneers significantly improved the smile and fulfilled the patient's expectations. Following proper planning and sequencing, predictable outcomes were obtained and fulfilled the patient's esthetic demands. Minimally invasive restorative dentistry with only two single veneers can impact the entire smile frame. Overtreatment in the esthetic zone is unnecessary to meet a patient's esthetic expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos A Jurado
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Francisco Azpiazu-Flores
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Manitoba Dr. Gerald Niznick College of Dentistry, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0W2, Canada
| | - Kelvin I Afrashtehfar
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Clinical Sciences Department, Ajman College of Dentistry, Ajman City P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, University of Bern School of Dental Medicine, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Akimasa Tsujimoto
- Department of Operative Dentistry, University of Iowa College of Dentistry, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of General Dentistry, Creighton University School of Dentistry, Omaha, NE 68102, USA
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Jánosi KM, Cerghizan D, Berneanu FD, Kovács A, Szász A, Mureșan I, Hănțoiu LG, Albu AI. Full-Mouth Rehabilitation of a Patient with Gummy Smile-Multidisciplinary Approach: Case Report. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020197. [PMID: 36837400 PMCID: PMC9967420 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The impairment of aesthetic function leads to a decreased quality of life. An unaesthetic smile due to excessive gingival exposure demands, most of the time, a complex treatment in which the objective is the vertical reduction of the amount of exposed fixed gingiva by obtaining a complete exposure of the anatomical crown of the teeth and restoring the ideal dimensions of the biological width. This paper presents a case of a 48-year-old female patient who was unsatisfied with her aesthetics and had disturbed masticatory function due to the absence of some posterior teeth. The cone beam computed tomography was performed to evaluate the facial and dental morphology. The treatment plan included diode laser and piezo-surgery utilization for the frontal area of the upper arch and implants to restore the distal area of the lower and upper arch. Zirconia ceramic was used for the final restorations. This complex and multidisciplinary full-mouth rehabilitation lasted for two years, and the patient was pleased with the result. This case showed that a well-established treatment plan is necessary to obtain long-lasting results. The use of adequate procedures and equipment ensures a predictable result.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Mária Jánosi
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Diana Cerghizan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-740-076-876
| | - Florentin Daniel Berneanu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Alpár Kovács
- Private Practice, SC Maxdent Office SRL, 540501 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Andrea Szász
- Private Practice, SC Maxdent Office SRL, 540501 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Izabella Mureșan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Liana Georgiana Hănțoiu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
| | - Aurița Ioana Albu
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, 38 Gh. Marinescu Str., 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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Alfallaj HA, Afrashtehfar KI, Asiri AK, Almasoud FS, Alnaqa GH, Al-Angari NS. The Status of Digital Dental Technology Implementation in the Saudi Dental Schools' Curriculum: A National Cross-Sectional Survey for Healthcare Digitization. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:321. [PMID: 36612639 PMCID: PMC9819993 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Objective: The primary objective of this cross-sectional national study was to investigate the status of digital dental technology (DDT) adoption in Saudi Arabian undergraduate dental education. A secondary objective was to explore the impact of dental schools' funding sources to incorporate digital technologies. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to the chairpersons of prosthetic sciences departments of the 27 dental schools in Saudi Arabia. If any department chairman failed to respond to the survey, a designated full-time faculty member was contacted to fill out the form. The participants were asked about the school's sector, DDT implementation in the curriculum, implemented level, their perceptions of the facilitators and challenges for incorporating DDT. Results: Of the 27 dental schools (18 public and 8 private), 26 responded to the questionnaire (response rate: 96.3%). The geographic distribution of the respondent schools was as follows: 12 schools in the central region, 6 in the western region, and 8 in other regions. Seventeen schools secure and preserve patients' records using electronic software, whereas nine schools use paper charts. Seventeen schools (64,4%) implemented DDT in their curricula. The schools that did not incorporate DDT into their undergraduate curricula were due to not being included in the curriculum (78%), lack of expertise (66%), untrained faculty and staff (44%), and cost (33%). Conclusions: This national study showed that digital components still need to be integrated into Saudi Arabian dental schools' curricula and patient care treatment. Additionally, there was no association between funding sources and the DDT implementation into the current curricula. Consequently, Saudi dental schools must emphasize the implementation and utilization of DDT to align with Saudi Vision 2030 for healthcare digitization and to graduate competent dentists in digital dental care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayam A. Alfallaj
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh P.O. Box 3660, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh P.O. Box 3660, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kelvin I. Afrashtehfar
- Evidence-Based Practice Unit, Clinical Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman P.O. Box 346, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Reconstructive Dentistry and Gerodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ali K. Asiri
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh P.O. Box 3660, Saudi Arabia
- Dental Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh P.O. Box 22490, Saudi Arabia
- College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh P.O. Box 3660, Saudi Arabia
| | - Farah S. Almasoud
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh P.O. Box 3660, Saudi Arabia
- Dental Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh P.O. Box 22490, Saudi Arabia
- College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh P.O. Box 3660, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaida H. Alnaqa
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh P.O. Box 3660, Saudi Arabia
- Dental Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh P.O. Box 22490, Saudi Arabia
- College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh P.O. Box 3660, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadia S. Al-Angari
- Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh P.O. Box 3660, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh P.O. Box 3660, Saudi Arabia
- Dental Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh P.O. Box 22490, Saudi Arabia
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