The Protective Potential of Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss. on Paracetamol-Induced Hepatio-Renal Toxicity and Antiproteinuric Effect: A Biochemical, Hematological, and Histopathological Study

Unveiling the Antianemic Activity, Physicochemical Aspects, Antioxidant Properties, and Mineral Profile of Petroselinum crispum L

Anemia is a widespread global health concern necessitating effective, accessible, and natural interventions. The potential of medicinal plants to address anemia has garnered significant interest. Among these plants, parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Petroselinum crispum) L.) stands out as an edible and herbal-based option for combating anemia. Aim of the study: This study investigated the potential of P. crispum (PC-Ext) as an emerging antianemic product, focusing on its physicochemical attributes, antioxidant properties, and mineral profile. Both qualitative and quantitative analyses of the phenolic compounds in P. crispum were conducted by using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Anemia was induced in rats by intravenous injections of phenylhydrazine, administered at a dose of 40 mg/kg for two consecutive days. The antianemic activity of PC-Ext was assessed at a dose of 500 mg/kg twice daily for 5 weeks by estimating blood parameters, such as serum iron and ferritin. Additionally, the osmotic fragility test measured the capacity of red blood cells to withstand osmotic shock of various concentrations of saline. Aqueous extract of P. crispum was rich in phytochemical compounds, including syringic acid, quercetin, catechin, gallic acid, and luteolin. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of P. crispum in ameliorating phenylhydrazine-induced reductions in red blood cell count (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), and hematocrit (HCT) levels. Consequently, PC-Ext exhibits significant activity against phenylhydrazine-induced anemia in rats, as demonstrated by its ability to prevent hemolysis. Iron estimation within PC-Ext further confirms its utility in addressing both iron deficiency and ferritin-deficiency anemia. Therefore, PC exhibits a favorable effect against both types of anemia, iron deficiency, and hemolysis. The results of this study provide robust scientific validation for ethnomedicinal use and the potential utility of P. crispum, positioning it as a promising source for future pharmaceutical development.

Petroselinum crispum L., essential oil as promising source of bioactive compounds, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities: In vitro and in silico predictions

This exploratory study aims to identify the volatile compounds in PC-Eo (Petroselinum crispum L. essential oil) and evaluate its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in vitro. Molecular docking, drug-likeness prediction, and pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity-ADMET) were among the in silico simulations that were used to explain the biological properties observed in vitro. For PC-Eo's chemical screening, gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) was employed. The antioxidant activity of PC-Eo was evaluated using five in vitro complementary techniques, including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, β-Carotene bleaching test (BCBT), reducing power (RP), and phosphomolybdenum assay (TAC). GC-MS analysis revealed that the primary components of PC-Eo are apiol (49.05 %), Myristicin (21.01 %), and 1-allyl-2,3,4,5-tetramethoxybenzene (13.14 %). The results of the in vitro antioxidant assays indicate that PC-Eo exhibits a superior antioxidant profile. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of PC-Eo was assessed against five strains, including 2 g-positive bacteria, 2 g-negative bacteria, and one fungal strain (Candida albicans). The disc-diffusion assay revealed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities against all strains, with zones of inhibition exceeding 15 mm. The microdilution test highlighted the lowest MIC and MBC values with gram-positive bacteria, ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 % v/v for MIC and 0.5-1.0 % v/v for MBC. For the fungal strain, MIC was recorded at 1.25 % and MFC at 2.5 % v/v. PC-Eo demonstrates bactericidal and fungicidal activity based on the MBC/MIC and MFC/MIC ratios. According to the ADMET study, the primary PC-Eo compounds have advantageous pharmacokinetic characteristics. These findings provide empirical support for the traditional uses of this plant and indicate its possible use as a natural remedy.

Comprehensive analysis of different solvent extracts of Ferula communis L. fruit reveals phenolic compounds and their biological properties via in vitro and in silico assays

Although giant fennel is recognized as a "superfood" rich in phytochemicals with antioxidant activity, research into the antibacterial properties of its fruits has been relatively limited, compared to studies involving the root and aerial parts of the plant. In this study, seven solvents-acetone, methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, water, and hexane-were used to extract the chemical constituents of the fruit of giant fennel (Ferula communis), a species of flowering plant in the carrot family Apiaceae. Specific attributes of these extracts were investigated using in silico simulations and in vitro bioassays. High-performance liquid chromatography equipped with a diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) identified 15 compounds in giant fennel extract, with p-coumaric acid, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, sinapic acid, and syringic acid being dominant. Among the solvents tested, ethanol demonstrated superior antioxidant activity and phenolic and flavonoid contents. F. communis extracts showed advanced inhibition of gram-negative pathogens (Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis) and variable antifungal activity against tested strains. Molecular docking simulations assessed the antioxidative, antibacterial, and antifungal properties of F. communis, facilitating innovative therapeutic development through predicted compound-protein interactions. In conclusion, the results validate the ethnomedicinal use and potential of F. communis. This highlights its significance in natural product research and ethnopharmacology.

Roselle Calyx (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Ethyl Acetate Fraction Lowering Malondialdehyde and TNF-α and Reducing Hypercoagulability in Diabetic Model

INTRODUCTION

Traditionally and empirically, Hibiscus sabdariffa L. has been used in treating diabetes mellitus due to its antioxidant activity. This study aimed to investigate the effect of administering the ethyl acetate fraction of hibiscus calyxes (EAFHCs) on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels, bleeding time, and platelet count in male white rats induced with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.

METHOD

Thirty-six Wistar Kyoto rats were induced with intraperitoneal streptozotocin at 55 mg/kg BW and stabilized for 5 days to obtain diabetic conditions. Diabetic animals were divided into four groups; the diabetic group was given vehicle, the glibenclamide group was given 0.45 mg/kg BW of glibenclamide, and two groups were administered the EAFHCs at doses of 100 mg/kg BW and 200 mg/kg BW for 5 days. Subsequently, the MDA, TNF-α, bleeding time and platelet count levels were examined on days 1, 3, and 5, respectively. All data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by the Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT).

RESULTS

EAFHC significantly reduced MDA and TNF-α levels (p < 0.05). Additionally, this fraction appeared to shorten bleeding time and decrease platelet count in diabetic rats. Administration of the EAFHC for 5 days effectively lowered MDA and TNF-α levels significantly, decreased platelet counts and prolonged coagulation (p < 0.05) in diabetic rats.

CONCLUSION

This study demonstrates that EAFHC effectively reduces MDA and TNF-α levels and reduces the risk of hypercoagulability in diabetic model.

Exploring the Therapeutic Efficacy of Parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.) as a Functional Food: Implications in Immunological Tolerability, Reduction of Muscle Cramps, and Treatment of Dermatitis

The status of parsley as a well-known folk medicine noted for its nutritional and medicinal properties prompted the exploration of its potential as a functional food and natural remedy. The paper aims to investigate the potential of parsley to enhance muscle function and alleviate psoriasiform dermatitis, eventually establishing it as a natural, well-tolerated alternative with specific benefits for both muscles and skin. This study examines the tolerability of parsley in a cohort of 937 participants by assessing immunoglobulin G (IgG) reactions. The findings reveal high tolerability, as 96.26% of participants experienced no adverse effects. Among the 902 individuals lacking hypersensitivity, 37.02% reported muscle cramps, with a notable 15.02% reduction observed in the subgroup consuming parsley juice. In the subset of 32 subjects with dermatitis, the application of parsley extract ointment led to a significant decrease in dermatological parameters (redness, thickness, scaling). While the control group exhibited improvements, statistical significance was not observed. Notably, four categories of affected area reduction were identified, with scaling demonstrating the most pronounced impact. The results propose that parsley holds promise for favorable tolerability, contributing to the alleviation of muscle cramps and presenting an effective alternative in dermatitis treatment. Nonetheless, sustained validation through long-term studies is imperative to substantiate these preliminary findings.