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Zahmatkesh S, Chen Z, Khan NA, Ni BJ. Removing polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from wastewater with mixed matrix membranes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168881. [PMID: 38042200 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Polyfluoroalkyl and perfluoroalkyl (PFAS) chemicals are fluorinated and exhibit complicated behavior. They are determined and highly resistant to ecological modifications that render plants ecologically robust. Thermal stability and water and oil resistance are examples of material qualities. Their adverse consequences are causing increasing worry due to their bioaccumulative nature in humans and other creatures. Direct data indicates that PFAS exposure in humans causes endocrine system disruption, immune system suppression, obesity, increased cholesterol, and cancer. Several PFASs are present in drinking water at low doses and may harm people. These cancer-causing PFAS have caused concern for water bodies all around the globe. Analytical techniques are used to identify and measure PFAS in an aqueous medium (membrane). Furthermore, a deeper explanation is provided for PFAS removal methods, including mixed matrix membrane (MMM) technology. By removing over 99 % of the PFAS from wastewater, MMMs may effectively remove PFAS from sewage when the support matrix contains adsorbing components. Furthermore, we consider several factors affecting the removal of PFAS and practical sorption methods for PFAS onto various adsorbents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasan Zahmatkesh
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Ingenieríay Ciencias, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Zhijie Chen
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Nadeem A Khan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bing-Jie Ni
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
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Rashed AO, Huynh C, Merenda A, Rodriguez-Andres J, Kong L, Kondo T, Razal JM, Dumée LF. Dry-spun carbon nanotube ultrafiltration membranes tailored by anti-viral metal oxide coatings for human coronavirus 229E capture in water. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2023; 11:110176. [PMID: 37234558 PMCID: PMC10201849 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2023.110176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Although waterborne virus removal may be achieved using separation membrane technologies, such technologies remain largely inefficient at generating virus-free effluents due to the lack of anti-viral reactivity of conventional membrane materials required to deactivating viruses. Here, a stepwise approach towards simultaneous filtration and disinfection of Human Coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) in water effluents, is proposed by engineering dry-spun ultrafiltration carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes, coated with anti-viral SnO2 thin films via atomic layer deposition. The thickness and pore size of the engineered CNT membranes were fine-tuned by varying spinnable CNT sheets and their relative orientations on carbon nanofibre (CNF) porous supports to reach thicknesses less than 1 µm and pore size around 28 nm. The nanoscale SnO2 coatings were found to further reduce the pore size down to ∼21 nm and provide more functional groups on the membrane surface to capture the viruses via size exclusion and electrostatic attractions. The synthesized CNT and SnO2 coated CNT membranes were shown to attain a viral removal efficiency above 6.7 log10 against HCoV-229E virus with fast water permeance up to ∼4 × 103 and 3.5 × 103 L.m-2.h-1.bar-1, respectively. Such high performance was achieved by increasing the dry-spun CNT sheets up to 60 layers, orienting successive 30 CNT layers at 45°, and coating 40 nm SnO2 on the synthesized membranes. The current study provides an efficient scalable fabrication scheme to engineer flexible ultrafiltration CNT-based membranes for cost-effective filtration and inactivation of waterborne viruses to outperform the state-of-the-art ultrafiltration membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed O Rashed
- Deakin University, Geelong, Institute for Frontier Materials, 3216 Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chi Huynh
- LINTEC OF AMERICA, INC. Nano-Science and Technology Center, 2900 E. Plano Pkwy. Suite 100, Plano, TX 75074, United States
| | - Andrea Merenda
- School of Science, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | | | - Lingxue Kong
- Deakin University, Geelong, Institute for Frontier Materials, 3216 Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Takeshi Kondo
- LINTEC OF AMERICA, INC. Nano-Science and Technology Center, 2900 E. Plano Pkwy. Suite 100, Plano, TX 75074, United States
| | - Joselito M Razal
- Deakin University, Geelong, Institute for Frontier Materials, 3216 Waurn Ponds, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ludovic F Dumée
- Khalifa University, Department of Chemical Engineering, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Research and Innovation Center on CO2 and Hydrogen, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Center for Membrane and Advanced Water Technology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Recent advance in biomass membranes: Fabrication, functional regulation, and antimicrobial applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 305:120537. [PMID: 36737189 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Both inorganic and polymeric membranes have been widely applied for antimicrobial applications. However, these membranes exhibit low biocompatibility, weak biodegradability, and potential toxicity to human being and environment. Biomass materials serve as excellent candidates for fabricating functional membranes to address these problems due to their unique physical, chemical, and biological properties. Here we present recent progress in the fabrication, functional regulation, and antimicrobial applications of various biomass-based membranes. We first introduce the types of biomass membranes and their fabrication methods, including the phase inversion, vacuum filtration, electrospinning, layer-by-layer self-assembly, and coating. Then, the strategies on functional regulation of biomass membranes by adding 0D, 1D, and 2D nanomaterials are presented and analyzed. In addition, antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral applications of biomass-based functional membranes are summarized. Finally, potential development aspects of biomass membranes are discussed and prospected. This comprehensive review is valuable for guiding the design, synthesis, structural/functional tailoring, and sustainable utilization of biomass membranes.
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Balakrishnan A, Jacob MM, Senthil Kumar P, Kapoor A, Ponnuchamy M, Sivaraman P, Sillanpää M. Strategies for safe management of hospital wastewater during the COVID-19 pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2023; 20:1-16. [PMID: 36817164 PMCID: PMC9925218 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-023-04803-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Management of hospital wastewater is a challenging task, particularly during the situations like coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The hospital effluent streams are likely to contain many known and unknown contaminants including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) along with a variety of pollutants arising from pharmaceuticals, life-style chemicals, drugs, radioactive species, and human excreta from the patients. The effluents are a mixed bag of contaminants with some of them capable of infecting through contact. Hence, it is essential to identify appropriate treatment strategies for hospital waste streams. In this work, various pollutants emerging in the context of COVID-19 are examined. A methodical review is conducted on the occurrence and disinfection methods of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater. An emphasis is given to the necessity of addressing the challenges of handling hospital effluents dynamically involved during the pandemic scenario to ensure human and environmental safety. A comparative evaluation of disinfection strategies makes it evident that the non-contact methods like ultraviolet irradiation, hydrogen peroxide vapor, and preventive approaches such as the usage of antimicrobial surface coating offer promise in reducing the chance of disease transmission. These methods are also highly efficient in comparison with other strategies. Chemical disinfection strategies such as chlorination may lead to further disinfection byproducts, complicating the treatment processes. An overall analysis of various disinfection methods is presented here, including developing methods such as membrane technologies, highlighting the merits and demerits of each of these processes. Finally, the wastewater surveillance adopted during the COVID-19 outbreak is discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13762-023-04803-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, Odisha 769008 India
| | - M. M. Jacob
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - P. Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai 603203 India
- Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai 603203 India
- School of Engineering, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering and Food Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413 India
| | - A. Kapoor
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Harcourt Butler Technical University, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh 208002 India
| | - M. Ponnuchamy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - P. Sivaraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu 603203 India
| | - M. Sillanpää
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451 Saudi Arabia
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), NO. 2006, Xiyuan Ave., West High-Tech Zone, Chengdu, Sichuan 611731 People’s Republic of China
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Rodríguez-Barajas N, de Jesús Martín-Camacho U, Pérez-Larios A. Mechanisms of Metallic Nanomaterials to Induce an Antibacterial Effect. Curr Top Med Chem 2022; 22:2506-2526. [PMID: 36121083 DOI: 10.2174/1568026622666220919124104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic microorganisms, including bacteria, are becoming resistant to most existing drugs, which increases the failure of pharmacologic treatment. Therefore, new nanomaterials were studied to spearhead improvement against the same resistant pathogenic bacteria. This has increased the mortality in the world population, principally in under-developed countries. Moreover, recently there has been research to find new drug formulations to kill the most dangerous microorganisms, such as bacteria cells which should avoid the spread of disease. Therefore, lately, investigations have been focusing on nanomaterials because they can exhibit the capacity to show an antibacterial effect. These studies have been trying oriented in their ability to produce an improvement to get antibacterial damage against the same pathogenic bacteria resistance. However, there are many problems with the use of nanoparticles. One of them is understanding how they act against bacteria, "their mechanism(s) action" to induce reduction or even kill the bacterial strains. Therefore, it is essential to understand the specific mechanism(s) of each nanomaterial used to observe the interaction between bacteria cells and nanoparticles. In addition, since nanoparticles can be functionalized with different antibacterial drugs, it is necessary to consider and distinguish the antibacterial activity of the nanoparticles from the antibacterial activity of the drugs to avoid confusion about how the nanoparticles work. Knowledge of these differences can help better understand the applications of the primary nanoparticles (i.e., Ag, Au, CuO, ZnO, and TiO2, among others) described in detail in this review which are toxic against various bacterial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noé Rodríguez-Barajas
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Materiales, Agua y Energía, Departamento de Ingeniería, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, 47600, México
| | - Ubaldo de Jesús Martín-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Materiales, Agua y Energía, Departamento de Ingeniería, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, 47600, México
| | - Alejandro Pérez-Larios
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Materiales, Agua y Energía, Departamento de Ingeniería, Centro Universitario de los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, 47600, México
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Goharshadi EK, Goharshadi K, Moghayedi M. The use of nanotechnology in the fight against viruses: A critical review. Coord Chem Rev 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.214559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Characterization of the biosynthesized intracellular and extracellular plasmonic silver nanoparticles using Bacillus cereus and their catalytic reduction of methylene blue. Sci Rep 2022; 12:12495. [PMID: 35864132 PMCID: PMC9304349 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-16029-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) has been studied in detail using two different approaches. For the first time, Bacillus cereus is used for one-pot biosynthesis of capsulated Ag NPs, using both intracellular and extracellular approaches. To discriminate between the produced nanostructures by these two approaches, their structures, nanomorphologies, optical properties, hydrodynamic sizes and zeta potentials are studied using different techniques. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to identify the bioactive components responsible for the reduction of Ag+ ions into Ag and the growth of stable Ag NPs. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy images displayed spherical and polygon nanomorphology for the intracellular and extracellular biosynthesized Ag NPs. For intracellular and extracellular biosynthesized Ag NPs, a face-centred cubic structure was observed, with average crystallite sizes of 45.4 and 90.8 nm, respectively. In comparison to the noncatalytic reduction test, the catalytic activities of intracellular and extracellular biosynthesized Ag NPs were explored for the reduction of highly concentrated MB dye solution. Extracellular Ag NPs achieved 100% MB reduction efficacy after around 80 min, compared to 50.6% and 24.1% in the presence and absence of intracellular Ag NPs, respectively. The rate of MB reduction was boosted by 22 times with the extracellular catalyst, and by 3 times with the intracellular catalyst. Therefore, the extracellular production process of Ag NPs utilizing Bacillus cereus bacteria might be applied in the industry as a cost-effective way for eliminating the toxic MB dye.
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Mallakpour S, Azadi E, Hussain CM. Fabrication of air filters with advanced filtration performance for removal of viral aerosols and control the spread of COVID-19. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 303:102653. [PMID: 35349924 PMCID: PMC8937611 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2022.102653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
COVID-19 is caused via the SARS-CoV-2 virus, a lipid-based enveloped virus with spike-like projections. At present, the global epidemic of COVID-19 continues and waves of SARS-CoV-2, the mutant Delta and Omicron variant which are associated with enhanced transmissibility and evasion to vaccine-induced immunity have increased hospitalization and mortality, the biggest challenge we face is whether we will be able to overcome this virus? On the other side, warm seasons and heat have increased the need for proper ventilation systems to trap contaminants containing the virus. Besides, heat and sweating accelerate the growth of microorganisms. For example, medical staff that is in the front line use masks for a long time, and their facial sweat causes microbes to grow on the mask. Nowadays, efficient air filters with anti-viral and antimicrobial properties have received a lot of attention, and are used to make ventilation systems or medical masks. A wide range of materials plays an important role in the production of efficient air filters. For example, metals, metal oxides, or antimicrobial metal species that have anti-viral and antimicrobial properties, including Ag, ZnO, TiO2, CuO, and Cu played a role in this regard. Carbon nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, or derivatives have also shown their role well. In addition, natural materials such as biopolymers such as alginate, and herbal extracts are employed to prepare effective air filters. In this review, we summarized the utilization of diverse materials in the preparation of efficient air filters to apply in the preparation of medical masks and ventilation systems. In the first part, the employing metal and metal oxides is examined, and the second part summarizes the application of carbon materials for the fabrication of air filters. After examination of the performance of natural materials, challenges and progress visions are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadpour Mallakpour
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran.
| | - Elham Azadi
- Organic Polymer Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
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Abstract
Air pollution is an increasing concern all over the world due to its adverse effects on human health. It claims thousands of lives every year. Hence, the demand for the ventilator, respirator, facemask, body protection, and hospital air filtration has been surging dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nanofiber membranes with optimal characteristics, such as a high specific surface area and porous microstructure with interconnected pores, can efficiently capture the fine particles (such as bacteria, fungi, virus, etc.). Recently, various types of polymers have been fabricated as electrospun fibrous membranes to be used as an anti-bacterial or anti-viral air filtration media. This review presents a brief overview of air filtration history and its main mechanisms and then the latest research about air filtration with antibacterial and antiviral properties will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Habibi
- Department of Textile Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahr-e Rey Branch, 1815163111 Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Ghajarieh
- Young Researchers and Elite Club, Department of Textile Engineering, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH) Shahr-e Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, 1815163111 Tehran, Iran
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Rahman MZ, Hoque ME, Alam MR, Rouf MA, Khan SI, Xu H, Ramakrishna S. Face Masks to Combat Coronavirus (COVID-19)-Processing, Roles, Requirements, Efficacy, Risk and Sustainability. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14071296. [PMID: 35406172 PMCID: PMC9003287 DOI: 10.3390/polym14071296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasingly prevalent respiratory infectious diseases (e.g., COVID-19) have posed severe threats to public health. Viruses including coronavirus, influenza, and so on can cause respiratory infections. A pandemic may potentially emerge owing to the worldwide spread of the virus through persistent human-to-human transmission. However, transmission pathways may vary; respiratory droplets or airborne virus-carrying particles can have a key role in transmitting infections to humans. In conjunction with social distancing, hand cleanliness, and other preventative measures, the use of face masks is considered to be another scientific approach to combat ubiquitous coronavirus. Different types of face masks are produced using a range of materials (e.g., polypropylene, polyacrylonitrile, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polystyrene, polyester and polyethylene) and manufacturing techniques (woven, knitted, and non-woven) that provide different levels of protection to the users. However, the efficacy and proper disposal/management of the used face masks, particularly the ones made of non-biodegradable polymers, pose great environmental concerns. This review compiles the recent advancements of face masks, covering their requirements, materials and techniques used, efficacy, challenges, risks, and sustainability towards further enhancement of the quality and performance of face masks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Zillur Rahman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology (AUST), Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.Z.R.); (M.E.H.); (H.X.)
| | - Md Enamul Hoque
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh;
- Correspondence: (M.Z.R.); (M.E.H.); (H.X.)
| | - Md Rubel Alam
- Department of Knitwear Manufacturing and Technology, BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology (BUFT), Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (M.R.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Md Abdur Rouf
- Department of Knitwear Manufacturing and Technology, BGMEA University of Fashion and Technology (BUFT), Dhaka 1230, Bangladesh; (M.R.A.); (M.A.R.)
| | - Saiful Islam Khan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh;
| | - Huaizhong Xu
- Department of Biobased Materials Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology (KIT), Matsugasaki Hashikamicho 1, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.Z.R.); (M.E.H.); (H.X.)
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore 117575, Singapore;
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Eloffy MG, El-Sherif DM, Abouzid M, Elkodous MA, El-nakhas HS, Sadek RF, Ghorab MA, Al-Anazi A, El-Sayyad GS. Proposed approaches for coronaviruses elimination from wastewater: Membrane techniques and nanotechnology solutions. NANOTECHNOLOGY REVIEWS 2021; 11:1-25. [DOI: 10.1515/ntrev-2022-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Since the beginning of the third Millennium, specifically during the last 18 years, three outbreaks of diseases have been recorded caused by coronaviruses (CoVs). The latest outbreak of these diseases was Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), which has been declared by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic. For this reason, current efforts of the environmental, epidemiology scientists, engineers, and water sector professionals are ongoing to detect CoV in environmental components, especially water, and assess the relative risk of exposure to these systems and any measures needed to protect the public health, workers, and public, in general. This review presents a brief overview of CoV in water, wastewater, and surface water based on a literature search providing different solutions to keep water protected from CoV. Membrane techniques are very attractive solutions for virus elimination in water. In addition, another essential solution is nanotechnology and its applications in the detection and protection of human and water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. G. Eloffy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Dina M. El-Sherif
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abouzid
- Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences , 6 Święcickiego Street , 60-781 Poznan , Poland
| | - Mohamed Abd Elkodous
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology , Toyohashi , Aichi 441-8580 , Japan
| | | | - Rawia F. Sadek
- Chemical Maintenance Unit, Experimental Training Research Reactor Number two (ETRR-2), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) , P.O. Box 13759 , Cairo , Egypt
- Drug Radiation Research Department, Drug Microbiology Laboratory, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) , P.O. Box 13759 , Nasr City, Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Ghorab
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention (OCSPP), Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) , Washington , DC , USA
- Department of Animal Science, Wildlife Toxicology Laboratory, Institute for Integrative Toxicology (IIT), Michigan State University , East Lansing , MI 48824 , USA
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Anazi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering King Saud University (KSU) , P.O. Box 800 , Riyadh 11421 , Saudi
| | - Gharieb S. El-Sayyad
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University , New Galala city , Suez , Egypt
- Drug Radiation Research Department, Drug Microbiology Laboratory, National Center for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority (EAEA) , P.O. Box 29 , Nasr City, Cairo , Egypt
- Chemical Engineering Department, Military Technical College (MTC), Egyptian Armed Forces , Cairo , Egypt
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Emerging Materials for Mixed-Matrix Membranes. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11100746. [PMID: 34677512 PMCID: PMC8538626 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11100746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This Special Issue, entitled "Emerging Materials for Mixed-Matrix Membranes" was introduced to cover the recent progress in the development of materials for mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) with potential application in fields such as sea water desalination, gas separation, pharmaceutical separation, wastewater treatment and the removal of pathogenic (viruses and bacteria) microorganisms as well as solvents and resource recovery [...].
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