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Qiu Z, Chen J, Zeng J, Dai R, Wang Z. A review on artificial water channels incorporated polyamide membranes for water purification: Transport mechanisms and performance. WATER RESEARCH 2023; 247:120774. [PMID: 37898000 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.120774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
While thin-film composite (TFC) polyamide (PA) membranes are advanced for removing salts and trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) from water, TFC PA membranes encounter a water permeance-selectivity trade-off due to PA layer structural characteristics. Drawing inspiration from the excellent water permeance and solute rejection of natural biological channels, the development of analogous artificial water channels (AWCs) in TFC PA membranes (abbreviated as AWCM) promises to achieve superior mass transfer efficiency, enabling breaking the upper bound of water permeance and selectivity. Herein, we first discussed the types and structural characteristics of AWCs, followed by summarizing the methods for constructing AWCM. We discussed whether the AWCs acted as the primary mass transfer channels in AWCM and emphasized the important role of the AWCs in water transport and ion/TrOCs rejection. We thoroughly summarized the molecular-level mechanisms and structure-performance relationship of water molecules, ions, and TrOCs transport in the confined nanospace of AWCs, which laid the foundation for illustrating the enhanced water permeance and salt/TrOCs selectivity of AWCM. Finally, we discussed the challenges encountered in the field of AWCM and proposed future perspectives for practical applications. This review is expected to offer guidance for understanding the transport mechanisms of AWCM and developing next-generation membrane for effective water treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jiansuxuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
| | - Jin Zeng
- School of Software Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, PR China
| | - Ruobin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China.
| | - Zhiwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, PR China
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Bhoumick MC, Roy S, Mitra S. Reduction and Elimination of Humic Acid Fouling in Air Sparged Membrane Distillation Using Nanocarbon Immobilized Membrane. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27092896. [PMID: 35566247 PMCID: PMC9103841 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present the treatment of humic acid solution via carbon nanotube immobilized membrane (CNIM) distillation assisted by air sparging (AS). Carbon nanotubes offer excellent hydrophobicity to the modified membrane surface and actively transport water vapor molecules through the membrane to generate higher vapor flux and better rejection of humic acid. The introduction of air sparging in the membrane distillation (MD) system has changed the humic substance fouling by changing the colloidal behavior of the deposits. This modified MD system can sustain a higher run time of separation and has enhanced the evaporation efficiency by 20% more than the regular membrane distillation. The air sparging has reduced the deposition by 30% in weight and offered lesser fouling of membrane surface even after a longer operating cycle. The water vapor flux increased with temperature and decreased as the volumetric concentrating factor (VCF) increased. The mass transfer coefficient was found to be the highest for the air sparged—carbon nanotube immobilized membrane (AS-CNIM) integrated membrane distillation. While the highest change in mass transfer coefficient (MTC) was found for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane with air sparging at 70 °C.
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Alquraish M, Jeng YT, Kchaou M, Munusamy Y, Abuhasel K. Development of Environment-Friendly Membrane for Oily Industrial Wastewater Filtration. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:614. [PMID: 34436377 PMCID: PMC8402021 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11080614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Latex phase blending and crosslinking method was used in this research work to produce nitrile butadiene rubber-graphene oxide (NBR-GO) membranes. This fabrication technique is new and yields environmentally friendly membranes for oil-water separation. GO loading was varied from 0.5 to 2.0 part per hundred-part rubber (pphr) to study its effect on the performance of NBR-GO membrane. GO was found to alter the surface morphology of the NBR matrix by introducing creases and fold on its surface, which then increases the permeation flux and rejection rate efficiency of the membrane. X-Ray diffraction analysis proves that GO was well dispersed in the membrane due to the non-existence of GO fingerprint diffraction peak at 2θ value of 10-12° in the membrane samples. The membrane filled with 2.0 pphr GO has the capability to permeate 7688.54 Lm-2 h-1 water at operating pressure of 0.3 bar with the corresponding rejection rate of oil recorded at 94.89%. As the GO loading increases from 0.5 to 2.0 pphr, fouling on the membrane surface also increases from Rt value of 45.03% to 87.96%. However, 100% recovery on membrane performance could be achieved by chemical backwashing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Alquraish
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Yong Tzyy Jeng
- Department of Petrochemical Eng, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia; (Y.T.J.); (Y.M.)
| | - Mohamed Kchaou
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (K.A.)
| | - Yamuna Munusamy
- Department of Petrochemical Eng, Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar 31900, Malaysia; (Y.T.J.); (Y.M.)
| | - Khaled Abuhasel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Bisha, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia; (M.A.); (K.A.)
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Polak D, Zielińska I, Szwast M, Kogut I, Małolepszy A. Modification of Ceramic Membranes with Carbon Compounds for Pharmaceutical Substances Removal from Water in a Filtration-Adsorption System. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11070481. [PMID: 34203550 PMCID: PMC8307732 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11070481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work is to develop a new type of carbon-ceramic membranes for the removal of pharmaceutical substances from water. The membranes were prepared by the chemical modification method using an organosilicon precursor—octadecyltrichlorosilane (ODTS). Graphene oxide, multi-walled carbon nanotubes with carboxylic groups, and single-walled carbon nanotubes were used in the modification process. The filtration properties and adsorption properties of the developed membranes were tested. In order to characterize the membrane, the water permeability, the change of the permeate flux in time, and the adsorbed mass of the substance were determined. Additionally, the surface properties of the membranes were characterized by contact angle measurements and porosimetry. The antibiotic tetracycline was used in the adsorption tests. Based on the results, the improved adsorption properties of the modified membrane in relation to the unmodified membrane were noticed. Novel ceramic membranes modified with MWCNT are characterized by 45.4% removal of tetracycline and permeate flux of 520 L·h·m−2·bar−1. We demonstrated the ability of modified membranes to adsorb pharmaceuticals from water streams that are in contact with the membrane. Novel membranes retain their filtration properties. Therefore, such membranes can be used in an integrated filtration–adsorption process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Polak
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (D.P.); (I.Z.); (A.M.)
| | - Izabela Zielińska
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (D.P.); (I.Z.); (A.M.)
- Doctoral School No. 1, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-661 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Szwast
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (D.P.); (I.Z.); (A.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-234-64-16
| | - Igor Kogut
- Hohenstein Institut für Textilinovation gGmbH, 74357 Bönnigheim, Germany;
| | - Artur Małolepszy
- Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-645 Warsaw, Poland; (D.P.); (I.Z.); (A.M.)
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Graphene Oxide Membranes for Trace Hydrocarbon Contaminant Removal from Aqueous Solution. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10112242. [PMID: 33198157 PMCID: PMC7697333 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this paper is to shed light on the application of graphene oxide (GO) membranes for the selective removal of benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTX) from wastewater. These molecules are present in traces in the water produced from oil and gas plants and are treated now with complex filtration systems. GO membranes are obtained by a simple, fast, and scalable method. The focus of this work is to prove the possibility of employing GO membranes for the filtration of organic contaminants present in traces in oil and gas wastewater, which has never been reported. The stability of GO membranes is analyzed in water solutions with different pH and salinity. Details of the membrane preparation are provided, resulting in a crucial step to achieve a good filtration performance. Material characterization techniques such as electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and infrared spectroscopy are employed to study the physical and chemical structure of GO membranes, while gas chromatography, UV-visible spectroscopy, and gravimetric techniques allow the quantification of their filtration performance. An impressive rejection of about 90% was achieved for 1 ppm of toluene and other pollutants in water, demonstrating the excellent performance of GO membranes in the oil and gas field.
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Kucera J. Biofouling of Polyamide Membranes: Fouling Mechanisms, Current Mitigation and Cleaning Strategies, and Future Prospects. MEMBRANES 2019; 9:E111. [PMID: 31480327 PMCID: PMC6780091 DOI: 10.3390/membranes9090111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reverse osmosis and nanofiltration systems are continuously challenged with biofouling of polyamide membranes that are used almost exclusively for these desalination techniques. Traditionally, pretreatment and reactive membrane cleanings are employed as biofouling control methods. This in-depth review paper discusses the mechanisms of membrane biofouling and effects on performance. Current industrial disinfection techniques are reviewed, including chlorine and other chemical and non-chemical alternatives to chlorine. Operational techniques such as reactive membrane cleaning are also covered. Based on this review, there are three suggested areas of additional research offering promising, polyamide membrane-targeted biofouling minimization that are discussed. One area is membrane modification. Modification using surface coatings with inclusion of various nanoparticles, and graphene oxide within the polymer or membrane matrix, are covered. This work is in the infancy stage and shows promise for minimizing the contributions of current membranes themselves in promoting biofouling, as well as creating oxidant-resistant membranes. Another area of suggested research is chemical disinfectants for possible application directly on the membrane. Likely disinfectants discussed herein include nitric oxide donor compounds, dichloroisocyanurate, and chlorine dioxide. Finally, proactive cleaning, which aims to control the extent of biofouling by cleaning before it negatively affects membrane performance, shows potential for low- to middle-risk systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Kucera
- Nalco Water, An Ecolab Company, 1601 West Diehl Road, Naperville, IL 60563, USA.
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Castro-Muñoz R, Galiano F, Fíla V, Drioli E, Figoli A. Mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for ethanol purification through pervaporation: current state of the art. REV CHEM ENG 2018. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2017-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Over the last few decades, different polymers have been employed as materials in membrane preparation for pervaporation (PV) application, which are currently used in the preparation of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for ethanol recovery and ethanol dehydration. The ethanol-water and water-ethanol mixtures are, in fact, the most studied PV systems since the bioethanol production is strongly increasing its demand. The present review focuses on the current state of the art and future trends on ethanol purification by using MMMs in PV. A particular emphasis will, therefore, be placed on the enhancement of specific components transport and selectivity through the incorporation of inorganic materials into polymeric membranes, mentioning key principles on suitable filler selection for a synergistic effect toward such separations. In addition, the following topics will be discussed: (i) the generalities of PV, including the theoretical aspects and its role in separation; (ii) a general overview of the methodologies for the preparation of MMMs; and (iii) the most recent findings based on MMMs for both ethanol recovery and ethanol dehydration for better evolution in the field. From the last decade of literature inputs, the poly(vinyl alcohol) has been the most used polymeric matrix targeting ethanol dehydration, while the zeolites have been the most used embedded materials. Today, the latest developments on MMM preparation declare that the future efforts will be directed to the chemical modification of polymeric materials as well as the incorporation of novel fillers or enhancing the existing ones through chemical modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR , c/o University of Calabria , 87030 Rende (CS) , Italy
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Department of Inorganic Technology , Prague 6 , Czech Republic
- Nanoscience Institute of Aragon (INA) , Universidad de Zaragoza , 50018 Zaragoza , Spain
| | - Francesco Galiano
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR , c/o University of Calabria , Via P. Bucci 17c , 87030 Rende (CS) , Italy
| | - Vlastimil Fíla
- University of Chemistry and Technology Prague , Department of Inorganic Technology , Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Enrico Drioli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR , c/o University of Calabria , 87030 Rende (CS) , Italy
| | - Alberto Figoli
- Institute on Membrane Technology, ITM-CNR , c/o University of Calabria , Via P. Bucci 17c , 87030 Rende (CS) , Italy
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Short Review on Predicting Fouling in RO Desalination. MEMBRANES 2017; 7:membranes7040062. [PMID: 29064433 PMCID: PMC5746821 DOI: 10.3390/membranes7040062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 10/16/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane fouling is one of the main challenges that membrane manufactures, the scientific community and industry professionals have to deal with. The consequences of this inevitable phenomenon have a negative effect on the performance of the desalination system. Predicting fouling in RO systems is key to evaluating the long-term operating conditions and costs. Much research has been done on fouling indices, methods, techniques and prediction models to estimate the influence of fouling on the performance of RO systems. This paper offers a short review evaluating the state of industry knowledge in the development of fouling indices and models in membrane systems for desalination in terms of use and applicability. Despite major efforts in this field, there are gaps in terms of effective methods and models for the estimation of fouling in full-scale RO desalination plants. In existing models applied to full-scale RO desalination plants, neither the spacer geometry of membranes, nor the efficiency and frequency of chemical cleanings are considered.
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