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Onuki S, Kawai Y, Masunaga H, Ohta N, Kikuchi R, Ashizawa M, Nabae Y, Matsumoto H. All-Perfluorosulfonated-Ionomer Composite Membranes Containing Blow-Spun Fibers: Effect of a Thin Fiber Framework on Proton Conductivity and Mechanical Properties. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10682-10691. [PMID: 38381136 PMCID: PMC10910440 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
In this study, thin fiber composite polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) were prepared using short side-chain perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomers, Aquivion, to create composite PEMs with improved proton conductivity and improved mechanical properties. PFSA thin fiber webs prepared by blow spinning and successive hot pressing were used as the porous substrate. Herein, PFSA ionomers were used for both the substrate and the matrix of the composite PEMs, and their structures, properties, and fuel cell performance were characterized. By adding the PFSA thin fiber webs to the matrix, the proton conductivity was enhanced and the mechanical properties were slightly improved. The prepared PFSA thin fiber composite PEM showed better FC performance than that of the pristine PFSA one for the high-temperature low-humidity condition in addition to the low-temperature high-humidity one. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the all PFSA composite membranes containing a PFSA thin fiber framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuta Onuki
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawai
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Masunaga
- Japan
Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Noboru Ohta
- Japan
Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Ryohei Kikuchi
- Materials
Analysis Division, Open Facility Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
| | - Minoru Ashizawa
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Yuta Nabae
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Matsumoto
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo
Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan
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Safronova EY, Lysova AA, Voropaeva DY, Yaroslavtsev AB. Approaches to the Modification of Perfluorosulfonic Acid Membranes. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:721. [PMID: 37623782 PMCID: PMC10456953 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13080721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Polymer ion-exchange membranes are featured in a variety of modern technologies including separation, concentration and purification of gases and liquids, chemical and electrochemical synthesis, and hydrogen power generation. In addition to transport properties, the strength, elasticity, and chemical stability of such materials are important characteristics for practical applications. Perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membranes are characterized by an optimal combination of these properties. Today, one of the most well-known practical applications of PFSA membranes is the development of fuel cells. Some disadvantages of PFSA membranes, such as low conductivity at low humidity and high temperature limit their application. The approaches to optimization of properties are modification of commercial PFSA membranes and polymers by incorporation of different additive or pretreatment. This review summarizes the approaches to their modification, which will allow the creation of materials with a different set of functional properties, differing in ion transport (first of all proton conductivity) and selectivity, based on commercially available samples. These approaches include the use of different treatment techniques as well as the creation of hybrid materials containing dopant nanoparticles. Modification of the intrapore space of the membrane was shown to be a way of targeting the key functional properties of the membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Yu. Safronova
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky Avenue, 31, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (A.A.L.); (D.Y.V.); (A.B.Y.)
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A Short Overview of Biological Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12040427. [PMID: 35448397 PMCID: PMC9031071 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This short review summarizes the improvements on biological fuel cells (BioFCs) with or without ionomer separation membrane. After a general introduction about the main challenges of modern energy management, BioFCs are presented including microbial fuel cells (MFCs) and enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs). The benefits of BioFCs include the capability to derive energy from waste-water and organic matter, the possibility to use bacteria or enzymes to replace expensive catalysts such as platinum, the high selectivity of the electrode reactions that allow working with less complicated systems, without the need for high purification, and the lower environmental impact. In comparison with classical FCs and given their lower electrochemical performances, BioFCs have, up to now, only found niche applications with low power needs, but they could become a green solution in the perspective of sustainable development and the circular economy. Ion exchange membranes for utilization in BioFCs are discussed in the final section of the review: they include perfluorinated proton exchange membranes but also aromatic polymers grafted with proton or anion exchange groups.
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Alves-Lima D, Li X, Coulson B, Nesling E, Ludlam G, Degl’Innocenti R, Dawson R, Peruffo M, Lin H. Evaluation of water states in thin proton exchange membrane manufacturing using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Narducci R, Becerra-Arciniegas RA, Pasquini L, Ercolani G, Knauth P, Di Vona ML. Anion-Conducting Polymer Electrolyte without Ether Linkages and with Ionic Groups Grafted on Long Side Chains: Poly(Alkylene Biphenyl Butyltrimethyl Ammonium) (ABBA). MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12030337. [PMID: 35323811 PMCID: PMC8956100 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work we report the synthesis of the new ionomer poly(alkylene biphenyl butyltrimethyl ammonium) (ABBA) with a backbone devoid of alkaline-labile C-O-C bonds and with quaternary ammonium groups grafted on long side chains. The ionomer was achieved by metalation reaction with n-butyllithium of 2-bromobiphenyl, followed by the introduction of the long chain with 1,4-dibromobutane. The reaction steps were followed by 1H-NMR spectroscopy showing the characteristic signals of the Br-butyl chain and indicating the complete functionalization of the biphenyl moiety. The precursor was polycondensed with 1,1,1-trifluoroacetone and then quaternized using trimethylamine (TMA). After the acid catalyzed polycondensation, the stoichiometric ratio between the precursors was respected. The quaternization with TMA gave a final degree of amination of 0.83 in agreement with the thermogravimetric analysis and with the ion exchange capacity of 2.5 meq/g determined by acid–base titration. The new ionomer blended with poly(vinylalcohol) (PVA) or poly(vinylidene difluoride) (PVDF) was also characterized by water uptake (WU) and ionic conductivity measurements. The higher water uptake and ionic conductivity observed with the PVDF blend might be related to a better nanophase separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Narducci
- Department of Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; (R.A.B.-A.); (M.L.D.V.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Raul Andres Becerra-Arciniegas
- Department of Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; (R.A.B.-A.); (M.L.D.V.)
- CNRS, MADIREL (UMR 7246) and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, Aix-Marseille University, Campus St Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France; (L.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Luca Pasquini
- CNRS, MADIREL (UMR 7246) and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, Aix-Marseille University, Campus St Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France; (L.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Gianfranco Ercolani
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy;
| | - Philippe Knauth
- CNRS, MADIREL (UMR 7246) and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, Aix-Marseille University, Campus St Jérôme, 13013 Marseille, France; (L.P.); (P.K.)
| | - Maria Luisa Di Vona
- Department of Industrial Engineering and International Laboratory “Ionomer Materials for Energy”, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Roma, Italy; (R.A.B.-A.); (M.L.D.V.)
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Kim JD, Ohira A. Water Electrolysis Using a Porous IrO 2/Ti/IrO 2 Catalyst Electrode and Nafion Membranes at Elevated Temperatures. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:330. [PMID: 33946195 PMCID: PMC8146578 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11050330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Porous IrO2/Ti/IrO2 catalyst electrodes were obtained by coating IrO2 on both sides of three types of porous Ti powder sheets (sample 1, sample 2, and sample 3) using different surface treatment methods, and a hydrogen evolution catalyst electrode was obtained by coating Pt/C on carbon gas diffusion layers. A Nafion115 membrane was used as an electrolyte for the membrane electrode assemblies (MEA). Water electrolysis was investigated at cell temperatures up to 150 °C, and the electrical characteristics of the three types of porous IrO2/Ti/IrO2 catalyst electrodes were investigated. The sheet resistance of sample 1 was higher than those of samples 2 and 3, although during water electrolysis, a high current density was observed due to the nanostructure of the IrO2 catalyst. In addition, the structural stabilities of Nafion and Aquivion membranes up to 150 °C were investigated by using small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). The polymer structures of Nafion and Aquivion membranes were stable up to 80 °C, whereas the crystalline domains grew significantly above 120 °C. In other words, the initial polymer structure did not recover after the sample was heated above the glass transition temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Deok Kim
- Research Center for Functional Materials, Functional Clay Materials Group, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ohira
- Energy Storage Technology Group, Research Institute for Energy Conservation, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan;
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Sood R, Giancola S, Donnadio A, Zatoń M, Donzel N, Rozière J, Jones DJ, Cavaliere S. Active electrospun nanofibers as an effective reinforcement for highly conducting and durable proton exchange membranes. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2020.119037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ionic Conductive Membranes for Fuel Cells. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:membranes11030159. [PMID: 33669138 PMCID: PMC7996502 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Safronova EY, Yaroslavtsev AB. Effect of Ultrasonic Treatment of Nafion® Polymer Solutions on Properties of Membranes Obtained by a Casting Procedure. MEMBRANES AND MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s2517751621010078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lufrano E, Simari C, Di Vona ML, Nicotera I, Narducci R. How the Morphology of Nafion-Based Membranes Affects Proton Transport. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:359. [PMID: 33499321 PMCID: PMC7865616 DOI: 10.3390/polym13030359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This work represents a systematic and in-depth study of how Nafion 1100 membrane preparation procedures affect both the morphology of the polymeric film and the proton transport properties of the electrolyte. The membrane preparation procedure has non-negligible consequences on the performance of the proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC) that operate within a wide temperature range (up to 120 °C). A comparison between commercial membranes (Nafion 117 and Nafion 212) and Nafion membranes prepared by three different procedures, namely (a) Nafion-recast, (b) Nafion uncrystallized, and (c) Nafion 117-oriented, was conducted. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Pulsed-field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR) investigations indicated that an anisotropic morphology could be achieved when a Nafion 117 membrane was forced to expand between two fixed and nondeformable surfaces. This anisotropy increased from ~20% in the commercial membrane up to 106% in the pressed membrane, where the ionic clusters were averagely oriented (Nafion 117-oriented) parallel to the surface, leading to a strong directionality in proton transport. Among the membranes obtained by solution-cast, which generally exhibited isotropic proton transport behavior, the Nafion uncrystallized membrane showed the lowest water diffusion coefficients and conductivities, highlighting the correlation between low crystallinity and a more branched and tortuous structure of hydrophilic channels. Finally, the dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) tests demonstrated the poor elastic modulus for both uncrystallized and oriented membranes, which should be avoided in high-temperature fuel cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernestino Lufrano
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies—CTC, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (E.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Cataldo Simari
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies—CTC, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (E.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Maria Luisa Di Vona
- Department of Industrial Engineering and LIME Laboratory, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Isabella Nicotera
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Technologies—CTC, University of Calabria, via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy; (E.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Riccardo Narducci
- Department of Industrial Engineering and LIME Laboratory, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via del Politecnico 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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Akrout A, Delrue A, Zatoń M, Duquet F, Spanu F, Taillades-Jacquin M, Cavaliere S, Jones D, Rozière J. Immobilisation and Release of Radical Scavengers on Nanoclays for Chemical Reinforcement of Proton Exchange Membranes. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:E208. [PMID: 32872314 PMCID: PMC7559798 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10090208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical and chemical stability of proton exchange membranes are crucial requirements for the development of fuel cells for durable energy conversion. To tackle this challenge, bi-functional nanoclays grafted with amino groups and with embedded radical scavengers, that is, CeO2 nanoparticles were incorporated into Aquivion® ionomer. The composite membranes presented high proton conductivity and increased stability to radical attack compared to non-modified Aquivion membranes, demonstrating the effectiveness of the approach based on radical scavenger immobilisation and release from clay nanocontainers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alia Akrout
- Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Aggregates Interfaces and Materials for Energy, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (A.D.); (M.Z.); (F.D.); (F.S.); (M.T.-J.); (D.J.); (J.R.)
| | - Aude Delrue
- Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Aggregates Interfaces and Materials for Energy, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (A.D.); (M.Z.); (F.D.); (F.S.); (M.T.-J.); (D.J.); (J.R.)
| | - Marta Zatoń
- Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Aggregates Interfaces and Materials for Energy, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (A.D.); (M.Z.); (F.D.); (F.S.); (M.T.-J.); (D.J.); (J.R.)
| | - Fanny Duquet
- Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Aggregates Interfaces and Materials for Energy, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (A.D.); (M.Z.); (F.D.); (F.S.); (M.T.-J.); (D.J.); (J.R.)
| | - Francesco Spanu
- Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Aggregates Interfaces and Materials for Energy, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (A.D.); (M.Z.); (F.D.); (F.S.); (M.T.-J.); (D.J.); (J.R.)
| | - Mélanie Taillades-Jacquin
- Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Aggregates Interfaces and Materials for Energy, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (A.D.); (M.Z.); (F.D.); (F.S.); (M.T.-J.); (D.J.); (J.R.)
| | - Sara Cavaliere
- Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Aggregates Interfaces and Materials for Energy, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (A.D.); (M.Z.); (F.D.); (F.S.); (M.T.-J.); (D.J.); (J.R.)
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), CEDEX 05, 75231 Paris, France
| | - Deborah Jones
- Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Aggregates Interfaces and Materials for Energy, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (A.D.); (M.Z.); (F.D.); (F.S.); (M.T.-J.); (D.J.); (J.R.)
| | - Jacques Rozière
- Institute Charles Gerhardt Montpellier, UMR CNRS 5253, Aggregates Interfaces and Materials for Energy, University of Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34095 Montpellier, France; (A.A.); (A.D.); (M.Z.); (F.D.); (F.S.); (M.T.-J.); (D.J.); (J.R.)
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