1
|
Duan Z, Yuan M, Liu Z, Pei W, Jiang K, Li L, Shen G. An Ultrasensitive Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene-based Soft Contact Lens for Continuous and Nondestructive Intraocular Pressure Monitoring. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2309785. [PMID: 38377279 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202309785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Wearable soft contact lens sensors for continuous and nondestructive intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring are highly desired as glaucoma and postoperative myopia patients grow, especially as the eyestrain crowd increases. Herein, a smart closed-loop system is presented that combines a Ti3 C2 Tx MXene-based soft contact lens (MX-CLS) sensor, wireless data transmission units, display, and warning components to realize continuous and nondestructive IOP monitoring/real-time display. The fabricated MX-CLS device exhibits an extremely high sensitivity of 7.483 mV mmHg-1 , good linearity on silicone eyeballs, excellent stability under long-term pressure-release measurement, sufficient transparency with 67.8% transmittance under visible illumination, and superior biocompatibility with no discomfort when putting the MX-CLS sensor onto the Rabbit eyes. After integrating with the wireless module, users can realize real-time monitoring and warning of IOP via smartphones, the demonstrated MX-CLS device together with the IOP monitoring/display system opens up promising platforms for Ti3 C2 Tx materials as the base for multifunctional contact lens-based sensors and continuous and nondestructive IOP measurement system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyi Duan
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Miao Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Zhiduo Liu
- School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Weihua Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Optoelectronics Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, P. R. China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Faculty of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery of Chinese PLA & Key Laboratory of Digital Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing, 100853, P. R. China
| | - La Li
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Guozhen Shen
- School of Integrated Circuits and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Seo H, Chung WG, Kwon YW, Kim S, Hong YM, Park W, Kim E, Lee J, Lee S, Kim M, Lim K, Jeong I, Song H, Park JU. Smart Contact Lenses as Wearable Ophthalmic Devices for Disease Monitoring and Health Management. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11488-11558. [PMID: 37748126 PMCID: PMC10571045 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
The eye contains a complex network of physiological information and biomarkers for monitoring disease and managing health, and ocular devices can be used to effectively perform point-of-care diagnosis and disease management. This comprehensive review describes the target biomarkers and various diseases, including ophthalmic diseases, metabolic diseases, and neurological diseases, based on the physiological and anatomical background of the eye. This review also includes the recent technologies utilized in eye-wearable medical devices and the latest trends in wearable ophthalmic devices, specifically smart contact lenses for the purpose of disease management. After introducing other ocular devices such as the retinal prosthesis, we further discuss the current challenges and potential possibilities of smart contact lenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hunkyu Seo
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Won Gi Chung
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yong Won Kwon
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sumin Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Yeon-Mi Hong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Wonjung Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Enji Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jakyoung Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Moohyun Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Kyeonghee Lim
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Inhea Jeong
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Hayoung Song
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jang-Ung Park
- Department
of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei
University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Yonsei University College
of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Center
for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic
of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wu KY, Mina M, Carbonneau M, Marchand M, Tran SD. Advancements in Wearable and Implantable Intraocular Pressure Biosensors for Ophthalmology: A Comprehensive Review. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:1915. [PMID: 37893352 PMCID: PMC10609220 DOI: 10.3390/mi14101915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Glaucoma, marked by its intricate association with intraocular pressure (IOP), stands as a predominant cause of non-reversible vision loss. In this review, the physiological relevance of IOP is detailed, alongside its potential pathological consequences. The review further delves into innovative engineering solutions for IOP monitoring, highlighting the latest advancements in wearable and implantable sensors and their potential in enhancing glaucoma management. These technological innovations are interwoven with clinical practice, underscoring their real-world applications, patient-centered strategies, and the prospects for future development in IOP control. By synthesizing theoretical concepts, technological innovations, and practical clinical insights, this review contributes a cohesive and comprehensive perspective on the IOP biosensor's role in glaucoma, serving as a reference for ophthalmological researchers, clinicians, and professionals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y. Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Mina Mina
- Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Marjorie Carbonneau
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Michael Marchand
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang H, Hu L, Zheng P, Jia G. Application of wearable devices for monitoring cardiometabolic dysfunction under the exposome paradigm. Chronic Dis Transl Med 2023; 9:200-209. [PMID: 37711864 PMCID: PMC10497849 DOI: 10.1002/cdt3.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Environmental factors, including chemical/physical pollutants, as well as lifestyle and psychological factors, contribute greatly to the pathways leading to cardiometabolic diseases with a heavy disease burden and economic loss. The concept of exposomes provides a novel paradigm for combining all exposure characteristics to evaluate disease risk. A solution-like exposome requires technological support to provide continuous data to monitor vital signs and detect abnormal fluctuations. Wearable devices allow people to conveniently monitor signals during their daily routines. These new technologies empower users to more actively prevent and manage cardiometabolic disease by reviewing risk factors of the disease, especially lifestyle factors, such as sleeping time, screen time, and mental health condition. Devices with multiple sensors can monitor electrocardiography data, oxygen saturation, intraocular pressure, respiratory rate, and heart rate to enhance the exposome study and provide precise suggestions for disease prevention and management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Lingming Hu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University)National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital)BeijingChina
| | - Pai Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Guang Jia
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public HealthPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Raveendran R, Prabakaran L, Senthil R, Yesudhason BV, Dharmalingam S, Sathyaraj WV, Atchudan R. Current Innovations in Intraocular Pressure Monitoring Biosensors for Diagnosis and Treatment of Glaucoma-Novel Strategies and Future Perspectives. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:663. [PMID: 37367028 DOI: 10.3390/bios13060663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Biosensors are devices that quantify biologically significant information required for diverse applications, such as disease diagnosis, food safety, drug discovery and detection of environmental pollutants. Recent advancements in microfluidics, nanotechnology and electronics have led to the development of novel implantable and wearable biosensors for the expedient monitoring of diseases such as diabetes, glaucoma and cancer. Glaucoma is an ocular disease which ranks as the second leading cause for loss of vision. It is characterized by the increase in intraocular pressure (IOP) in human eyes, which results in irreversible blindness. Currently, the reduction of IOP is the only treatment used to manage glaucoma. However, the success rate of medicines used to treat glaucoma is quite minimal due to their curbed bioavailability and reduced therapeutic efficacy. The drugs must pass through various barriers to reach the intraocular space, which in turn serves as a major challenge in glaucoma treatment. Rapid progress has been observed in nano-drug delivery systems for the early diagnosis and prompt therapy of ocular diseases. This review gives a deep insight into the current advancements in the field of nanotechnology for detecting and treating glaucoma, as well as for the continuous monitoring of IOP. Various nanotechnology-based achievements, such as nanoparticle/nanofiber-based contact lenses and biosensors that can efficiently monitor IOP for the efficient detection of glaucoma, are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rubiya Raveendran
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Lokesh Prabakaran
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rethinam Senthil
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, SIMATS, Chennai 600077, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Beryl Vedha Yesudhason
- Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology Lab, Centre for Molecular and Nanomedical Sciences, International Research Centre, Sathyabama Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600119, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sankari Dharmalingam
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Weslen Vedakumari Sathyaraj
- Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam 603103, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Raji Atchudan
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Al-Daraghmeh MY, Stone RT. A review of medical wearables: materials, power sources, sensors, and manufacturing aspects of human wearable technologies. J Med Eng Technol 2023; 47:67-81. [PMID: 35856912 DOI: 10.1080/03091902.2022.2097743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Wearable technology is a promising and revolutionary technology that is changing some aspects of our standard of living to a great extent, including health monitoring, sport and fitness, performance tracking, education, and entertainment. This article presents a comprehensive literature review of over 160 articles related to state-of-the-art human wearable technologies. We provide a thorough understanding of the materials, power sources, sensors, and manufacturing processes, and the relationships between these to capture opportunities for enhancement and challenges to overcome in wearables. As a result of our review, we have determined the need for the development of a comprehensive, robust manufacturing system alongside specific standards and regulations that take into account wearables' unique characteristics. Seeing the whole picture will provide a frame reference and road map for researchers and industries through the design, manufacturing, and commercialisation of effective, portable, self-powered, multi-sensing ultimate future wearable devices and create opportunities for new innovations and applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Y Al-Daraghmeh
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.,Department of Industrial Engineering, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Richard T Stone
- Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang C, Xu X, Pi X, Butala MD, Huang W, Yin L, Peng W, Ali M, Bodepudi SC, Qiao X, Xu Y, Sun W, Yang D. Neuromorphic device based on silicon nanosheets. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5216. [PMID: 36064545 PMCID: PMC9445003 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicon is vital for its high abundance, vast production, and perfect compatibility with the well-established CMOS processing industry. Recently, artificially stacked layered 2D structures have gained tremendous attention via fine-tuning properties for electronic devices. This article presents neuromorphic devices based on silicon nanosheets that are chemically exfoliated and surface-modified, enabling self-assembly into hierarchical stacking structures. The device functionality can be switched between a unipolar memristor and a feasibly reset-able synaptic device. The memory function of the device is based on the charge storage in the partially oxidized SiNS stacks followed by the discharge activated by the electric field at the Au-Si Schottky interface, as verified in both experimental and theoretical means. This work further inspired elegant neuromorphic computation models for digit recognition and noise filtration. Ultimately, it brings silicon - the most established semiconductor - back to the forefront for next-generation computations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chenhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Micro-Nanoelectronics, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China
- College of Information Science and Electronics Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China
- ZJU-UIUC Institute (ZJUI), Zhejiang University, 314400, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Pi
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Mark D Butala
- ZJU-UIUC Institute (ZJUI), Zhejiang University, 314400, Jiaxing, PR China
| | - Wen Huang
- New Energy Technology Engineering Laboratory of Jiangsu Provence & School of Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, 210023, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lei Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Wenbing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Munir Ali
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Micro-Nanoelectronics, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Srikrishna Chanakya Bodepudi
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Micro-Nanoelectronics, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Xvsheng Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China
| | - Yang Xu
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Micro-Nanoelectronics, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China.
- College of Information Science and Electronics Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China.
- ZJU-UIUC Institute (ZJUI), Zhejiang University, 314400, Jiaxing, PR China.
| | - Wei Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China.
| | - Deren Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials & School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China.
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Centre, 310027, Hangzhou, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhu Y, Li S, Li J, Falcone N, Cui Q, Shah S, Hartel MC, Yu N, Young P, de Barros NR, Wu Z, Haghniaz R, Ermis M, Wang C, Kang H, Lee J, Karamikamkar S, Ahadian S, Jucaud V, Dokmeci MR, Kim HJ, Khademhosseini A. Lab-on-a-Contact Lens: Recent Advances and Future Opportunities in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108389. [PMID: 35130584 PMCID: PMC9233032 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The eye is one of the most complex organs in the human body, containing rich and critical physiological information (e.g., intraocular pressure, corneal temperature, and pH) as well as a library of metabolite biomarkers (e.g., glucose, proteins, and specific ions). Smart contact lenses (SCLs) can serve as a wearable intelligent ocular prosthetic device capable of noninvasive and continuous monitoring of various essential physical/biochemical parameters and drug loading/delivery for the treatment of ocular diseases. Advances in SCL technologies and the growing public interest in personalized health are accelerating SCL research more than ever before. Here, the current status and potential of SCL development through a comprehensive review from fabrication to applications to commercialization are discussed. First, the material, fabrication, and platform designs of the SCLs for the diagnostic and therapeutic applications are discussed. Then, the latest advances in diagnostic and therapeutic SCLs for clinical translation are reviewed. Later, the established techniques for wearable power transfer and wireless data transmission applied to current SCL devices are summarized. An outlook, future opportunities, and challenges for developing next-generation SCL devices are also provided. With the rise in interest of SCL development, this comprehensive and essential review can serve as a new paradigm for the SCL devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhi Zhu
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Shaopei Li
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Jinghang Li
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310024, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430205, China
| | - Natashya Falcone
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Qingyu Cui
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Shilp Shah
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Martin C Hartel
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Ning Yu
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Patric Young
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | | | - Zhuohong Wu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California-San Diego, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Reihaneh Haghniaz
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Menekse Ermis
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Canran Wang
- Andrew and Peggy Cherng Department of Medical Engineering, Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Heemin Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Junmin Lee
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Samad Ahadian
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Vadim Jucaud
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Mehmet R Dokmeci
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Han-Jun Kim
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| | - Ali Khademhosseini
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90064, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Brusini P, Salvetat ML, Zeppieri M. How to Measure Intraocular Pressure: An Updated Review of Various Tonometers. J Clin Med 2021; 10:3860. [PMID: 34501306 PMCID: PMC8456330 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10173860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important measurement that needs to be taken during ophthalmic examinations, especially in ocular hypertension subjects, glaucoma patients and in patients with risk factors for developing glaucoma. The gold standard technique in measuring IOP is still Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT); however, this procedure requires local anesthetics, can be difficult in patients with scarce compliance, surgical patients and children, and is influenced by several corneal parameters. Numerous tonometers have been proposed in the past to address the problems related to GAT. The authors review the various devices currently in use for the measurement of intraocular pressure (IOP), highlighting the main advantages and limits of the various tools. The continuous monitoring of IOP, which is still under evaluation, will be an important step for a more complete and reliable management of patients affected by glaucoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Brusini
- Department of Ophthalmology, Policlinico “Città di Udine”, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Maria Letizia Salvetat
- Department of Ophthalmology, Azienda Sanitaria Friuli Occidentale, 33170 Pordenone, Italy;
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hsiao YJ, Lin RL, Wang HM, Cai CZ. Evaporation of Ti/Cr/Ti Multilayer on Flexible Polyimide and Its Application for Strain Sensor. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12040456. [PMID: 33921553 PMCID: PMC8073819 DOI: 10.3390/mi12040456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A flexible Ti/Cr/Ti multilayer strain gauge have been successfully developed based on polyimide substrate. The pure Ti metal strain gauge have shown the hysteresis phenomenon at the relationship between resistance and strain during tensile test. The experimental results of multilayer strain gauge show that adding Cr interlayer can improve the recovery and stability of the sensing electrode. When the interlayer Cr thickness was increased from 0 to 70 nm, the resistance decreased from 27 to 8.8 kΩ. The gauge factor (GF) value also decreased from 4.24 to 2.31 with the increase in the thickness of Cr interlayer from 30 to 70 nm, and the hysteresis phenomenon disappeared gradually. The multilayer Ti/Cr/Ti film has feasible application for strain sensor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jen Hsiao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan; (R.-L.L.); (C.-Z.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-6-2533-131 (ext. 3542)
| | - Ru-Li Lin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan; (R.-L.L.); (C.-Z.C.)
| | - Hwi-Ming Wang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Zhe Cai
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan 710, Taiwan; (R.-L.L.); (C.-Z.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Editorial for the Special Issue on Biosensors and MEMS-Based Diagnostic Applications. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:mi12030229. [PMID: 33668692 PMCID: PMC7996332 DOI: 10.3390/mi12030229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Biosensors and micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) have witnessed rapid development and enormous interest over the past decades [...].
Collapse
|