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Khlynov RD, Ryzhova VA, Yarishev SN, Konyakhin IA, Korotaev VV, Shelepin YE, Djamiykov TS, Marinov MB. Analysis of Polarization Images in the Microphysical Blood Parameters Research for the Hematocrit Diagnostics. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:2241. [PMID: 36557540 PMCID: PMC9786004 DOI: 10.3390/mi13122241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The development of non-invasive optoelectronic technologies for human blood monitoring is one of the important research areas for medicine. A critical analysis of optoelectronic methods of blood research and the micromechanical systems based on them is carried out in this article. A design realization of a polarizing portable system for non-invasive monitoring of hematocrit as one of the basic homeostatic constants of the human body containing information about the microphysical parameters of blood cells has been substantiated. A physical model of polarized radiation conversion in a video information system of laser sensing of a biological research object has been formed. Visual and quantitative differences in the spatial distribution of polarization parameters of the scattered radiation for the states of the body with different hematocrit levels have been revealed. A scheme of a multichannel imaging portable system, based on a smartphone using miniature optical and microelectronic components of information conversion for non-invasive monitoring of microphysical blood parameters, has been created. The system implements the principle of polarimetric blood photometry and a multiparametric analysis of the polarization properties of the laser radiation scattered by blood. The developed portable optoelectronic system, based on a smartphone, can be used for rapid blood diagnostics in disaster medicine and the presence of clinical contraindications to the formation of invasive tests. The proposed polarization-based approach is a promising automated alternative to traditional devices and systems for the research of microphysical blood parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan D. Khlynov
- Applied Optic Centre, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, Bldg. A, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Victoria A. Ryzhova
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, Bldg. A, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey N. Yarishev
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, Bldg. A, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Igor A. Konyakhin
- Higher School of Engineering and Technology, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, Bldg. A, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Valery V. Korotaev
- Higher School of Engineering and Technology, ITMO University, Kronverksky Pr. 49, Bldg. A, 197101 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yuri E. Shelepin
- Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova Embankment, 6, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Todor S. Djamiykov
- Department of Electronics, Technical University of Sofia, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marin B. Marinov
- Department of Electronics, Technical University of Sofia, 1756 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Huang SS, Lin YH, Wu SJ, Sung KB. Specific refraction-index increments of oxygenated hemoglobin from thalassemia-minor patients are not significantly different than those from healthy individuals. APPLIED OPTICS 2022; 61:9334-9341. [PMID: 36606879 DOI: 10.1364/ao.474991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The mass and concentration of hemoglobin per erythrocyte are important hematological parameters. Measuring these parameters from intact erythrocytes requires the value of specific refraction-index increment (RII) of oxygenated hemoglobin, which diverges in the literature. Refractive indices of hemoglobin solutions are measured directly by digital holographic microscopy on a microfluidic channel filled with hemoglobin solutions prepared by hemolysis of fresh human erythrocytes and refractive-index standards sequentially. Hemoglobin extracted from thalassemic patients shows 3-4% higher RII than that from healthy volunteers, but the difference is not significant in comparison to inter-subject variations within each group. The quantified RIIs are applied to quantify mean corpuscular hemoglobin mass of blood from 37 human subjects, and results are in accord with standard clinical test results.
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Microfluidics Approach to the Mechanical Properties of Red Blood Cell Membrane and Their Effect on Blood Rheology. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:membranes12020217. [PMID: 35207138 PMCID: PMC8878405 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we describe the general features of red blood cell membranes and their effect on blood flow and blood rheology. We first present a basic description of membranes and move forward to red blood cell membranes’ characteristics and modeling. We later review the specific properties of red blood cells, presenting recent numerical and experimental microfluidics studies that elucidate the effect of the elastic properties of the red blood cell membrane on blood flow and hemorheology. Finally, we describe specific hemorheological pathologies directly related to the mechanical properties of red blood cells and their effect on microcirculation, reviewing microfluidic applications for the diagnosis and treatment of these diseases.
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