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Wang Y, Chen H, Xie L, Liu J, Zhang L, Yu J. Swarm Autonomy: From Agent Functionalization to Machine Intelligence. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2312956. [PMID: 38653192 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202312956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Swarm behaviors are common in nature, where individual organisms collaborate via perception, communication, and adaptation. Emulating these dynamics, large groups of active agents can self-organize through localized interactions, giving rise to complex swarm behaviors, which exhibit potential for applications across various domains. This review presents a comprehensive summary and perspective of synthetic swarms, to bridge the gap between the microscale individual agents and potential applications of synthetic swarms. It is begun by examining active agents, the fundamental units of synthetic swarms, to understand the origins of their motility and functionality in the presence of external stimuli. Then inter-agent communications and agent-environment communications that contribute to the swarm generation are summarized. Furthermore, the swarm behaviors reported to date and the emergence of machine intelligence within these behaviors are reviewed. Eventually, the applications enabled by distinct synthetic swarms are summarized. By discussing the emergent machine intelligence in swarm behaviors, insights are offered into the design and deployment of autonomous synthetic swarms for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Wang
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Leiming Xie
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Jinbo Liu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Jiangfan Yu
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518172, China
- Shenzhen Institute of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics for Society, Shenzhen, 518172, China
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Wang Q, Maramizonouz S, Stringer Martin M, Zhang J, Ong HL, Liu Q, Yang X, Rahmati M, Torun H, Ng WP, Wu Q, Binns R, Fu Y. Acoustofluidic patterning in glass capillaries using travelling acoustic waves based on thin film flexible platform. ULTRASONICS 2024; 136:107149. [PMID: 37703751 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2023.107149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Surface acoustic wave (SAW) technology has been widely used to manipulate microparticles and biological species, based on acoustic radiation force (ARF) and drag force induced by acoustic streaming, either by standing SAWs (SSAWs) or travelling SAWs (TSAWs). These acoustofluidic patterning functions can be achieved within a polymer chamber or a glass capillary with various cross-sections positioned along the wave propagating paths. In this paper, we demonstrated that microparticles can be aligned, patterned, and concentrated within both circular and rectangular glass capillaries using TSAWs based on a piezoelectric thin film acoustic wave platform. The glass capillary was placed at different angles along with the interdigital transducer directions. We systematically investigated effects of tilting angles and wave characteristics using numerical simulations in both circular and square shaped capillaries, and the patterning mechanisms were discussed and compared with those agitated under the SSAWs. We then experimentally verified the particle patterns within different glass capillaries using thin film ZnO SAW devices on aluminum (Al) sheets. Results show that the propagating SAWs can generate acoustic pressures and patterns in the fluid due to the diffractive effects, drag forces and ARF, as functions of the SAW device's resonant frequency and tilting angle. We demonstrated potential applications using this multiplexing, integrated, and flexible thin film-based platform, including patterning particles (1) inside multiple and successively positioned circular tubes; (2) inside a solidified hydrogel in the glass capillary; and (3) by wrapping a flexible ZnO/Al SAW device around the glass capillary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoyun Wang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China; Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Sadaf Maramizonouz
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK; School of Engineering, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Mercedes Stringer Martin
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Jikai Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Hui Ling Ong
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Qiang Liu
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Micro-Nano Precision Optical Sensing and Measurement Technology, School of Control Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, 066004, PR China; Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Hamdi Torun
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Wai Pang Ng
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Qiang Wu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Richard Binns
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Yongqing Fu
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 8ST, UK.
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Cai S, Jin Y, Lin Y, He Y, Zhang P, Ge Z, Yang W. Micromixing within microfluidic devices: Fundamentals, design, and fabrication. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:061503. [PMID: 38098692 PMCID: PMC10718651 DOI: 10.1063/5.0178396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
As one of the hot spots in the field of microfluidic chip research, micromixers have been widely used in chemistry, biology, and medicine due to their small size, fast response time, and low reagent consumption. However, at low Reynolds numbers, the fluid motion relies mainly on the diffusive motion of molecules under laminar flow conditions. The detrimental effect of laminar flow leads to difficulties in achieving rapid and efficient mixing of fluids in microchannels. Therefore, it is necessary to enhance fluid mixing by employing some external means. In this paper, the classification and mixing principles of passive (T-type, Y-type, obstructed, serpentine, three-dimensional) and active (acoustic, electric, pressure, thermal, magnetic field) micromixers are reviewed based on the presence or absence of external forces in the micromixers, and some experiments and applications of each type of micromixer are briefly discussed. Finally, the future development trends of micromixers are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxiang Cai
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yawen Jin
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yun Lin
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Yingzheng He
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Naval Aviation University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Peifan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Naval Aviation University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhixing Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Robotics, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Wenguang Yang
- School of Electromechanical and Automotive Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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Hossein F, Angeli P. A review of acoustofluidic separation of bioparticles. Biophys Rev 2023; 15:2005-2025. [PMID: 38192342 PMCID: PMC10771489 DOI: 10.1007/s12551-023-01112-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Acoustofluidics is an emerging interdisciplinary research field that involves the integration of acoustics and microfluidics to address challenges in various scientific areas. This technology has proven to be a powerful tool for separating biological targets from complex fluids due to its label-free, biocompatible, and contact-free nature. Considering a careful designing process and tuning the acoustic field particles can be separated with high yield. Recently the advancement of acoustofluidics led to the development of point-of-care devices for separations of micro particles which address many of the limitations of conventional separation tools. This review article discusses the working principles and different approaches of acoustofluidic separation and provides a synopsis of its traditional and emerging applications, including the theory and mechanism of acoustofluidic separation, blood component separation, cell washing, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, circulating tumor cell isolation, and exosome isolation. The technology offers great potential for solving clinical problems and advancing scientific research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fria Hossein
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, WC1E 7JE, London, UK
| | - Panagiota Angeli
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, WC1E 7JE, London, UK
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Haghjooy Javanmard S, Rafiee L, Bahri Najafi M, Khorsandi D, Hasan A, Vaseghi G, Makvandi P. Microfluidic-based technologies in cancer liquid biopsy: Unveiling the role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) materials. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 238:117083. [PMID: 37690629 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy includes the isolating and analysis of non-solid biological samples enables us to find new ways for molecular profiling, prognostic assessment, and better therapeutic decision-making in cancer patients. Despite the conventional theory of tumor development, a non-vertical transmission of DNA has been reported among cancer cells and between cancer and normal cells. The phenomenon referred to as horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has the ability to amplify the advancement of tumors by disseminating genes that encode molecules conferring benefits to the survival or metastasis of cancer cells. Currently, common liquid biopsy approaches include the analysis of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and tumor-free DNA (tfDNA) derived from primary tumors and their metastatic sites, which are well-known HGT mediators in cancer cells. Current technological and molecular advances expedited the high-throughput and high-sensitive HGT materials analyses by using new technologies, such as microfluidics in liquid biopsies. This review delves into the convergence of microfluidic-based technologies and the investigation of Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) materials in cancer liquid biopsy. The integration of microfluidics offers unprecedented advantages such as high sensitivity, rapid analysis, and the ability to analyze rare cell populations. These attributes are instrumental in detecting and characterizing CTCs, circulating nucleic acids, and EVs, which are carriers of genetic cargo that could potentially undergo HGT. The phenomenon of HGT in cancer has raised intriguing questions about its role in driving genomic diversity and acquired drug resistance. By leveraging microfluidic platforms, researchers have been able to capture and analyze individual cells or genetic material with enhanced precision, shedding light on the potential transfer of genetic material between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells. Furthermore, the application of microfluidics in single-cell sequencing has enabled the elucidation of the genetic changes associated with HGT events, providing insights into the evolution of tumor genomes. This review also discusses the challenges and opportunities in studying HGT materials using microfluidic-based technologies. In conclusion, microfluidic-based technologies have significantly advanced the field of cancer liquid biopsy, enabling the sensitive and accurate detection of HGT materials. As the understanding of HGT's role in tumor evolution and therapy resistance continues to evolve, the synergistic integration of microfluidics and HGT research promises to provide valuable insights into cancer biology, with potential implications for precision oncology and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Haghjooy Javanmard
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Rafiee
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Majed Bahri Najafi
- Applied Physiology Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Danial Khorsandi
- Terasaki Institute for Biomedical Innovation, Los Angeles, CA, 90024, United States
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha 2713, Qatar.
| | - Golnaz Vaseghi
- Isfahan Cardiovascular Research Center, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Pooyan Makvandi
- The Quzhou Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou, 324000, Zhejiang, China.
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Qin X, Chen X, Yang Q, Yang L, Liu Y, Zhang C, Wei X, Wang W. Analysis of Acousto-Optic Phenomenon in SAW Acoustofluidic Chip and Its Application in Light Refocusing. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14050943. [PMID: 37241567 DOI: 10.3390/mi14050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes and analyzes a common acousto-optic phenomenon in surface acoustic wave (SAW) microfluidic chips and accomplishes some imaging experiments based on these analyses. This phenomenon in acoustofluidic chips includes the appearance of bright and dark stripes and image distortion. This article analyzes the three-dimensional acoustic pressure field and refractive index field distribution induced by focused acoustic fields and completes an analysis of the light path in an uneven refractive index medium. Based on the analysis of microfluidic devices, a SAW device based on a solid medium is further proposed. This MEMS SAW device can refocus the light beam and adjust the sharpness of the micrograph. The focal length can be controlled by changing the voltage. Moreover, the chip is also proven to be capable of forming a refractive index field in scattering media, such as tissue phantom and pig subcutaneous fat layer. This chip has the potential to be used as a planar microscale optical component that is easy to integrate and further optimize and provides a new concept about tunable imaging devices that can be attached directly to the skin or tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianming Qin
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Xuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Qiqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Lei Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an 710071, China
| | - Chuanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xueyong Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Weidong Wang
- School of Mechano-Electronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, China
- CityU-Xidian Joint Laboratory of Micro/Nano-Manufacturing, Xi'an 710071, China
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7
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Alshehhi F, Waheed W, Al-Ali A, Abu-Nada E, Alazzam A. Numerical Modeling Using Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Method and Experiments for Particle Manipulation under Standing Surface Acoustic Waves. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:mi14020366. [PMID: 36838066 PMCID: PMC9963542 DOI: 10.3390/mi14020366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we employed the Immersed Boundary-Lattice Boltzmann Method (IB-LBM) to simulate the motion of a microparticle in a microchannel under the influence of a standing surface acoustic wave (SSAW). To capture the response of the target microparticle in a straight channel under the effect of the SSAW, in-house code was built in C language. The SSAW creates pressure nodes and anti-nodes inside the microchannel. Here, the target particle was forced to traverse toward the pressure node. A mapping mechanism was developed to accurately apply the physical acoustic force field in the numerical simulation. First, benchmarking studies were conducted to compare the numerical results in the IB-LBM with the available analytical, numerical, and experimental results. Next, several parametric studies were carried out in which the particle types, sizes, compressibility coefficients, and densities were varied. When the SSAW is applied, the microparticles (with a positive acoustic contrast factor) move toward the pressure node locations during their motion in the microchannel. Hence, their steady-state locations are controlled by adjusting the pressure nodes to the desired locations, such as the centerline or near the microchannel sidewalls. Moreover, the geometric parameters, such as radius, density, and compressibility of the particles affect their transient response, and the particles ultimately settle at the pressure nodes. To validate the numerical work, a microfluidic device was fabricated in-house in the cleanroom using lithographic techniques. Experiments were performed, and the target particle was moved either to the centerline or sidewalls of the channel, depending on the location of the pressure node. The steady-state placements obtained in the computational model and experiments exhibit excellent agreement and are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Alshehhi
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Waqas Waheed
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- System on Chip Lab, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abdulla Al-Ali
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Eiyad Abu-Nada
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anas Alazzam
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
- System on Chip Lab, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 127788, United Arab Emirates
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8
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Yang Y, Dejous C, Hallil H. Trends and Applications of Surface and Bulk Acoustic Wave Devices: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2022; 14:mi14010043. [PMID: 36677104 PMCID: PMC9864654 DOI: 10.3390/mi14010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The past few decades have witnessed the ultra-fast development of wireless telecommunication systems, such as mobile communication, global positioning, and data transmission systems. In these applications, radio frequency (RF) acoustic devices, such as bulk acoustic waves (BAW) and surface acoustic waves (SAW) devices, play an important role. As the integration technology of BAW and SAW devices is becoming more mature day by day, their application in the physical and biochemical sensing and actuating fields has also gradually expanded. This has led to a profusion of associated literature, and this article particularly aims to help young professionals and students obtain a comprehensive overview of such acoustic technologies. In this perspective, we report and discuss the key basic principles of SAW and BAW devices and their typical geometries and electrical characterization methodology. Regarding BAW devices, we give particular attention to film bulk acoustic resonators (FBARs), due to their advantages in terms of high frequency operation and integrability. Examples illustrating their application as RF filters, physical sensors and actuators, and biochemical sensors are presented. We then discuss recent promising studies that pave the way for the exploitation of these elastic wave devices for new applications that fit into current challenges, especially in quantum acoustics (single-electron probe/control and coherent coupling between magnons and phonons) or in other fields.
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Jin J, Hu N, Zhan L, Wang X, Zhang Z, Hu H. Design of GHz Mechanical Nanoresonator with High Q-Factor Based on Optomechanical System. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1862. [PMID: 36363884 PMCID: PMC9695023 DOI: 10.3390/mi13111862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) have dominated the interests of the industry due to its microminiaturization and high frequency for the past few decades. With the rapid development of various radio frequency (RF) systems, such as 5G mobile telecommunications, satellite, and other wireless communication, this research has focused on a high frequency resonator with high quality. However, the resonator based on an inverse piezoelectric effect has met with a bottleneck in high frequency because of the low quality factor. Here, we propose a resonator based on optomechanical interaction (i.e., acoustic-optic coupling). A picosecond laser can excite resonance by radiation pressure. The design idea and the optimization of the resonator are given. Finally, with comprehensive consideration of mechanical losses at room temperature, the resonator can reach a high Q-factor of 1.17 × 104 when operating at 5.69 GHz. This work provides a new concept in the design of NEMS mechanical resonators with a large frequency and high Q-factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Jin
- Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Engineering Structural Analysis and Safety Assessment, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ningdong Hu
- Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Engineering Structural Analysis and Safety Assessment, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Lamin Zhan
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zenglei Zhang
- Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongping Hu
- Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Engineering Structural Analysis and Safety Assessment, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Grasso S, Di Marcello F, Sabatini A, Zompanti A, Di Loreto MV, Cenerini C, Lodato F, De Gara L, Cherubini C, Pennazza G, Santonico M. Micromachined Tools Using Acoustic Wave Triggering for the Interaction with the Growth of Plant Biological Systems. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:1525. [PMID: 36144148 PMCID: PMC9504844 DOI: 10.3390/mi13091525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A plant biological system is exposed to external influences. In general, each plant has its characteristics and needs with specific interaction mechanisms adapted to its survival. Interactions between systems can be examined and modeled as energy exchanges of mechanical, chemical or electrical variables. Thus, each specific interaction can be examined by triggering the system via a specific stimulus. The objective of this work was to study a specific stimulus (mechanical stimulation) as a driver of plants and their interaction with the environment. In particular, the experimental design concerns the setting up and testing of an automatic source of mechanical stimuli at different wavelengths, generated by an electromechanical transducer, to induce a micro-interaction in plants (or in parts of them) that produces a specific behavior (hypothesis) of plants. Four different experimental setups were developed for this work, each pursuing the same objective: the analysis of the germination process induced by stimulation by sound waves in the audible range. It can be said that the introduction of sound waves as a stimulant or a brake for the growth of plants can offer significant advantages when used on a large scale in the primary sector, since these effects can be used instead of polluting chemical solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Grasso
- Unit of Electronics for Sensor Systems, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Marcello
- Unit of Electronics for Sensor Systems, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Sabatini
- Unit of Computational Systems and Bioinformatics, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zompanti
- Unit of Electronics for Sensor Systems, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Di Loreto
- Unit of Electronics for Sensor Systems, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Costanza Cenerini
- Unit of Electronics for Sensor Systems, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Lodato
- Unit of Electronics for Sensor Systems, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Unit of Food Science and Nutrition, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Christian Cherubini
- Unit of Nonlinear Physics and Mathematical Models, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pennazza
- Unit of Electronics for Sensor Systems, Department of Engineering, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Santonico
- Unit of Electronics for Sensor Systems, Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, 00128 Rome, Italy
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11
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Aleksandrova M, Badarov D. Recent Progress in the Topologies of the Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors and the Corresponding Electronic Processing Circuits. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22134917. [PMID: 35808411 PMCID: PMC9269843 DOI: 10.3390/s22134917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we present an overview of the latest achievements in surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors for gas or liquid fluid, with a focus on the electrodes’ topology and signal processing, as related to the application of the sensing device. Although the progress in this field is mainly due to advances in the materials science and the sensing coatings, the interdigital (IDT) electrodes’ organization is also an important tool for setting the acoustic-wave-distribution mode, and, thus, for improvement of the SAW performance. The signal-conditioning system is of practical interest, as the implementation of the SAW, as a compact and mobile system is dependent on this electronic circuit. The precision of the detection of the SAW platform is related not only to the IDT electrodes’ geometry but also to their location around the sensing layer. The most commonly used architectures are shown in the present paper. Finally, we identify the needs for the future improvement of these prospective sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariya Aleksandrova
- Department of Microelectronics, Technical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +359-2965-3085
| | - Dimiter Badarov
- Department of Electronics, Technical University of Sofia, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Simulations and Experimental Analysis of a High Viscosity Inkjet Printing Device Based on Fabry-Pérot Resonator. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22093363. [PMID: 35591053 PMCID: PMC9104864 DOI: 10.3390/s22093363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The study investigates the effect of changing various input parameters on the pressure responses at acoustic cavities of a droplet-based acoustic printing device consisting of a Fabry–Pérot (FP) resonator and a standing wave-source chamber. The standing wave of the acoustic radiation pressure at the FP resonator is analyzed. The behavior of the standing wave and acoustic radiation force at the FP resonator is presented and compared with the measured results by varying the position of the standing wave-generating plate. The pressure changes inside the standing wave-source chamber are investigated and discussed to determine the reason for the sudden high-pressure drop at the FP resonator. Furthermore, the effects of inserting the nozzle and droplet inside the FP resonator on the standing wave and acoustic radiation force are analyzed. Experimental analysis is performed by collecting acoustic pressure data at the outlet of the FP resonator. The simulated and measured pressure drop behaviors are compared. The presented numerical approach can be used to set optimal design guidelines for obtaining a higher acoustic pressure inside the acoustic cavities of droplet-based acoustic jetting and other acoustofluidic devices.
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