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Roca I, Espinoza K, Irigoin-Lovera C, Piquet M, Palomino-Kobayashi LA, Castillo AK, Gonzales-DelCarpio DD, Viñes J, Muñoz L, Ymaña B, Oporto R, Zavalaga C, Pons MJ, Ruiz J. Clonal dissemination of Acinetobacter radioresistens among Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti) inhabiting a barren northern Peruvian island. Eur J Microbiol Immunol (Bp) 2024; 14:210-218. [PMID: 38483509 PMCID: PMC11097781 DOI: 10.1556/1886.2023.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter spp. are often isolated from natural sources, but knowledge about their presence in wild animals is fragmented and uncomplete. The present study aimed to characterize a series of Acinetobacter radioresistens isolated from Humboldt penguins (Spheniscus humboldti). Fifteen Humboldt penguins from an inhabited northern Peruvian island were sampled. Microorganisms were identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Antibiotic susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents was established, and clonal relationships were determined. A representative isolate was selected for whole genome sequencing (WGS). A. radioresistens were isolated from the feces of 12 (80%) Humboldt penguins, being susceptible to all the antimicrobial agents tested, except eight cefotaxime-intermediate isolates. All A. radioresistens were clonally related. WGS showed that the isolate belonged to ST1972, the presence of two chromosomal encoded carbapenemases (blaOXA-23 and a putative subclass B3 metallo-β-lactamase), and a series of point mutations in antibiotic-resistance related chromosomal genes, which were considered as polymorphisms. In addition, a few virulence factors, including a capsule-encoding operon, superoxide dismutases, catalases, phospholipases and a siderophore receptor were identified. The present results suggest that A. radioresistens may be a common member of the gut microbiota of Humboldt penguins, but further studies in other geographical areas are needed to establish this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Roca
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB) and ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Kathya Espinoza
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos – “One Health”, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Cinthia Irigoin-Lovera
- Unidad de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos-Grupo Aves Marinas, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Maria Piquet
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB) and ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luciano A. Palomino-Kobayashi
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos – “One Health”, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Angie K. Castillo
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos – “One Health”, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Diego D. Gonzales-DelCarpio
- Unidad de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos-Grupo Aves Marinas, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Joaquim Viñes
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB) and ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Servei Veterinari de Genètica Molecular (SVGM), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Muñoz
- Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Diagnostic Center (CDB) and ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic – Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Barbara Ymaña
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos – “One Health”, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Rosario Oporto
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos – “One Health”, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Carlos Zavalaga
- Unidad de Investigación de Ecosistemas Marinos-Grupo Aves Marinas, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Maria J. Pons
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos – “One Health”, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Joaquim Ruiz
- Grupo de Investigación en Dinámicas y Epidemiología de la Resistencia a Antimicrobianos – “One Health”, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
- Grupo de Investigación en Enfermedades Emergentes y Reemergentes, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
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Ahuatzin-Flores OE, Torres E, Chávez-Bravo E. Acinetobacter baumannii, a Multidrug-Resistant Opportunistic Pathogen in New Habitats: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:644. [PMID: 38674589 PMCID: PMC11051781 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, humanity has begun to face a growing challenge posed by a rise in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This has resulted in an alarming surge in fatalities and the emergence of increasingly hard-to-manage diseases. Acinetobacter baumannii can be seen as one of these resilient pathogens due to its increasing prevalence in hospitals, its resistance to treatment, and its association with elevated mortality rates. Despite its clinical significance, the scientific understanding of this pathogen in non-hospital settings remains limited. Knowledge of its virulence factors is also lacking. Therefore, in this review, we seek to shed light on the latest research regarding the ecological niches, microbiological traits, and antibiotic resistance profiles of Acinetobacter baumannii. Recent studies have revealed the presence of this bacterium in a growing range of environmental niches, including rivers, treatment plants, and soils. It has also been discovered in diverse food sources such as meat and vegetables, as well as in farm animals and household pets such as dogs and cats. This broader presence of Acinetobacter baumannii, i.e., outside of hospital environments, indicates a significant risk of environmental contamination. As a result, greater levels of awareness and new preventive measures should be promoted to address this potential threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar E. Ahuatzin-Flores
- Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio IC 6. Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Torres
- Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico;
| | - Edith Chávez-Bravo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico
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Shelenkov A, Akimkin V, Mikhaylova Y. International Clones of High Risk of Acinetobacter Baumannii-Definitions, History, Properties and Perspectives. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2115. [PMID: 37630675 PMCID: PMC10459012 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11082115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative coccobacillus with exceptional survival skills in an unfavorable environment and the ability to rapidly acquire antibiotic resistance, making it one of the most successful hospital pathogens worldwide, representing a serious threat to public health. The global dissemination of A. baumannii is driven by several lineages named 'international clones of high risk' (ICs), two of which were first revealed in the 1970s. Epidemiological surveillance is a crucial tool for controlling the spread of this pathogen, which currently increasingly involves whole genome sequencing. However, the assignment of a particular A. baumannii isolate to some IC based on its genomic sequence is not always straightforward and requires some computational skills from researchers, while the definitions found in the literature are sometimes controversial. In this review, we will focus on A. baumannii typing tools suitable for IC determination, provide data to easily determine IC assignment based on MLST sequence type (ST) and intrinsic blaOXA-51-like gene variants, discuss the history and current spread data of nine known ICs, IC1-IC9, and investigate the representation of ICs in public databases. MLST and cgMLST profiles, as well as OXA-51-like presence data are provided for all isolates available in GenBank. The possible emergence of a novel A. baumannii international clone, IC10, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Shelenkov
- Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, Novogireevskaya Str., 3a, 111123 Moscow, Russia
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Oludairo OO, Kwaga JKP, Kabir J, Abdu PA, Gitanjali A, Perrets A, Cibin V, Lettini AA, Aiyedun JO. Ecology and epidemiology of Salmonella spp. isolated from the environment and the roles played by wild animals in their maintenance. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ONE HEALTH 2023. [DOI: 10.14202/ijoh.2023.1-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella is a ubiquitous organism of public health importance that causes diarrhea and other systemic disease syndromes. The ecology and epidemiology of the organism in addition to the roles played by wild animals are important in understanding its disease. Relevant published peer-reviewed literature was obtained after imputing the study's keywords into the Google search engine. The publications were thereafter saved for the study. The study revealed the ecology of Salmonella is directly related to its epidemiology. These were found to be either positively or negatively influenced by the living and non-living parts of the environment. Free-ranging and captive wild animals can serve as asymptomatic carriers of Salmonella, therefore, help to maintain the cycle of the disease since wildlife serves as reservoir hosts to over 70% of emerging zoonotic diseases. Cockroaches transmit Salmonella through their feces, and body parts and when ingested by birds and animals. The statistically significant over 83% of Salmonella isolation in lizards suggests the reptile could be a source of Salmonella distribution. Snakes, foxes, badgers, rodents, and raccoons have been reported to have Salmonella as a natural component of their gut with the ability to shed the organism often. The high occurrence (>45%) of diverse Salmonella serovars coupled with the fact that some of these animals were handled, kept as pets and consumed by man portends these animals as potential sources of transmission of the organism and the disease. The etiology and epidemiology of Salmonella are overtly affected by several environmental factors which also determine their survival and maintenance. The roles played by wild animals in the relationship, transmission, growth or interaction within and between Salmonella spp., the occurrence, prevalence, and distribution of the organism help maintain the organism in the environment. An understanding of the roles played by the different parts of the environment and wild animals in the ecology and epidemiology of Salmonella can help make informed decisions on the prevention and control of the diseases it causes. This review aimed to investigate the relationship between ecology, epidemiology, and environment, including the roles played by wild animals in the maintenance of the organism and its disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo Oyedeji Oludairo
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Jacob K. P. Kwaga
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Junaid Kabir
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Paul A. Abdu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Arya Gitanjali
- OIE Salmonella Reference Laboratory, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ann Perrets
- OIE Salmonella Reference Laboratory, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Veronica Cibin
- Salmonella Reference Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Viale dell'Università, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Antonia Anna Lettini
- Salmonella Reference Laboratory, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie Viale dell'Università, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Julius O. Aiyedun
- Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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