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Fan X, Liu M, Shi Z, Zhang T, Du L, Wu Z, Zeng X, Wu X, Pan D. Binary probiotic fermentation promotes signal (cyclic AMP) exchange to increases the number of viable probiotics, anthocyanins and polyphenol content, and the odor scores of wolfberry fermented beverages. Food Chem 2024; 448:139085. [PMID: 38518444 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
The effects and underlying molecular mechanisms of binary probiotics (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum CGMCC 1.5953 and Lacticaseibacillus casei CGMCC 1.5956) on the quality of wolfberry fermented beverages (WFB) were investigated. The results indicated that binary probiotics increased the number of probiotics, anthocyanin (89.92 ± 1.64 mg/L), polyphenol content (283.04 ± 3.81 µg/mL), and odor score (24.19) in WFB. Metabolomics found that they could enhance signal exchange (cyclic AMP) between binary probiotics and improve the utilization of citrulline, d-proline, d-glucose, and d-galactose through galactose metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis pathway to promote probiotics growth. Furthermore, HS-SPME-GC-MS and GS-IMS revealed that the improvement in flavor was mainly due to an increase in the content of the aromatic flavor substances 3-heptanol, glutaraldehyde, and 2-heptanone, and a decrease in the content of the off-flavor substances methyl isobutyl ketone-D and 2-undecanone. This is strategically important for the development of WFB with high probiotic content and unique flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiankang Fan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Mingzhen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Zihang Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China.
| | - Lihui Du
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo Key Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Food Processing Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China.
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Zhang A, Yu Y, Ji Y, Tong X, Tu X, Liang Y, Lian L, Pan D, Wu Z. Quorum sensing effect of chiral d-glutamine on the modulation of the intestinal microbiota of mice by Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A3. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5219-5230. [PMID: 38323477 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amino acids (AAs) are the building blocks of proteins, but they also serve as biological compounds in biochemical processes, and d-AA isomers are increasingly being recognized as important signaling molecules. As the main organic substrate used by cells in the intestinal tract, the role of the chiral specificity of glutamine is still largely ignored. RESULTS In a previous study, we found that d-glutamine affected the quorum sensing of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A3, promoted the release of signaling molecule AI-2 and up-regulated the expression of the LuxS gene. The results showed that when d-glutamine and L. plantarum A3 were simultaneously applied to a mouse model, the diversity and abundance of intestinal flora in both male and female mice were increased. Interestingly, the simultaneous effect of d-glutamine and L. plantarum A3 on the bacterial diversity and abundance of male mice was significantly higher than that of female mice. In addition, the combination of d-glutamine and L. plantarum A3 can improve the host microecology by enhancing the population of Firmicutes such as Lactobacillus and Lachnospiraceae, reducing the population of Fusobacterium and Bacteroides and affecting metabolic pathways such as AA metabolism and transporter transport. CONCLUSION d-Glutamine, as a signaling molecule, can better stimulate the endogenous d-glutamine synthesis in mice and be utilized by L. plantarum A3. Furthermore, sex differences in the changes of intestinal microflora are also found in this research. This research sheds some light on the adoption of d-AAs combined with lactic acid bacteria in intestinal tract health treatment. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yixing Yu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Youwei Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Tong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xubin Tu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Yu Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | | | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Wang F, Qi H, Li H, Ma X, Gao X, Li C, Lu F, Mao S, Qin HM. State-of-the-art strategies and research advances for the biosynthesis of D-amino acids. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2024; 44:495-513. [PMID: 37160372 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2023.2193861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
D-amino acids (D-AAs) are the enantiomeric counterparts of L-amino acids (L-AAs) and important functional factors with a wide variety of physiological activities and applications in the food manufacture industry. Some D-AAs, such as D-Ala, D-Leu, and D-Phe, have been favored by consumers as sweeteners and fragrances because of their unique flavor. The biosynthesis of D-AAs has attracted much attention in recent years due to their unique advantages. In this review, we comprehensively analyze the structure-function relationships, biosynthesis pathways, multi-enzyme cascade and whole-cell catalysis for the production of D-AAs. The state-of-the-art strategies, including immobilization, protein engineering, and high-throughput screening, are summarized. Future challenges and perspectives of strategies-driven by bioinformatics technologies and smart computing technologies, as well as enzyme immobilization, are also discussed. These new approaches will promote the commercial production and application of D-AAs in the food industry by optimizing the key enzymes for industrial biocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Wang
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hongbin Qi
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Huimin Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xuanzhen Ma
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Xin Gao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Chao Li
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Shuhong Mao
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Min Qin
- College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, P.R. China
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Liang J, Wang Y, Liu B, Dong X, Cai W, Zhang N, Zhang H. Deciphering the intricate linkage between the gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease: Elucidating mechanistic pathways promising therapeutic strategies. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14704. [PMID: 38584341 PMCID: PMC10999574 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The gut microbiome is composed of various microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi, and protozoa, and constitutes an important part of the human gut. Its composition is closely related to human health and disease. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease whose underlying mechanism has not been fully elucidated. Recent research has shown that there are significant differences in the gut microbiota between AD patients and healthy individuals. Changes in the composition of gut microbiota may lead to the development of harmful factors associated with AD. In addition, the gut microbiota may play a role in the development and progression of AD through the gut-brain axis. However, the exact nature of this relationship has not been fully understood. AIMS This review will elucidate the types and functions of gut microbiota and their relationship with AD and explore in depth the potential mechanisms of gut microbiota in the occurrence of AD and the prospects for treatment strategies. METHODS Reviewed literature from PubMed and Web of Science using key terminologies related to AD and the gut microbiome. RESULTS Research indicates that the gut microbiota can directly or indirectly influence the occurrence and progression of AD through metabolites, endotoxins, and the vagus nerve. DISCUSSION This review discusses the future challenges and research directions regarding the gut microbiota in AD. CONCLUSION While many unresolved issues remain regarding the gut microbiota and AD, the feasibility and immense potential of treating AD by modulating the gut microbiota are evident.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Liang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Yueyang Wang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Bin Liu
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Xiaohong Dong
- Jiamusi CollegeHeilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJiamusiHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Wenhui Cai
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Ning Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
| | - Hong Zhang
- Heilongjiang Jiamusi Central HospitalJiamusiHeilongjiang ProvinceChina
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Li P, Feng J, Jiang H, Feng X, Yang J, Yuan Y, Ma Z, Xu G, Xu C, Zhu C, Wang S, Gao P, Shu G, Jiang Q. Microbiota derived D-malate inhibits skeletal muscle growth and angiogenesis during aging via acetylation of Cyclin A. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:524-543. [PMID: 38253688 PMCID: PMC10897302 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00028-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolites derived from the intestinal microbiota play an important role in maintaining skeletal muscle growth, function, and metabolism. Here, we found that D-malate (DMA) is produced by mouse intestinal microorganisms and its levels increase during aging. Moreover, we observed that dietary supplementation of 2% DMA inhibits metabolism in mice, resulting in reduced muscle mass, strength, and the number of blood vessels, as well as the skeletal muscle fiber type I/IIb ratio. In vitro assays demonstrate that DMA decreases the proliferation of vascular endothelial cells and suppresses the formation of blood vessels. In vivo, we further demonstrated that boosting angiogenesis by muscular VEGFB injection rescues the inhibitory effects of D-malate on muscle mass and fiber area. By transcriptomics analysis, we identified that the mechanism underlying the effects of DMA depends on the elevated intracellular acetyl-CoA content and increased Cyclin A acetylation rather than redox balance. This study reveals a novel mechanism by which gut microbes impair muscle angiogenesis and may provide a therapeutic target for skeletal muscle dysfunction in cancer or aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinlong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohua Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jinping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yexian Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zewei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guli Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Canjun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Gang Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural and Guangdong Province, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Swine and Poultry Breeding, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Regulation, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, 483 Wushan Road, Tianhe District, 510642, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
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Hu Z, Feng L, Jiang Q, Wang W, Tan B, Tang X, Yin Y. Intestinal tryptophan metabolism in disease prevention and swine production. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 15:364-374. [PMID: 38058568 PMCID: PMC10695851 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid that cannot be synthesized by animals. It has been characterized into two different isomers, levorotation-Trp (L-Trp) and dextrorotation-Trp (D-Trp), based on their distinct molecule orientation. Intestinal epithelial cells and gut microbiota are involved in metabolizing L-Trp in the gut via the activation of the kynurenine, serotonin, and indole pathways. However, knowledge regarding D-Trp metabolism in the gut remains unclear. In this review, we briefly update the current understanding of intestinal L/D-Trp metabolism and the function of their metabolites in modulating the gut physiology and diseases. Finally, we summarize the effects of Trp nutrition on swine production at different stages, including growth performance in weaned piglets and growing pigs, as well as the reproduction performance in sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Hu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Science, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
| | - Luya Feng
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Bi'e Tan
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Xiongzhuo Tang
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin 300308, China
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Science, Changsha, Hunan 410125, China
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Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Yu H, Ma Y, Li Z, Shi N. Recent Advances of Cell-Penetrating Peptides and Their Application as Vectors for Delivery of Peptide and Protein-Based Cargo Molecules. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2093. [PMID: 37631307 PMCID: PMC10459450 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptides and proteins, two important classes of biomacromolecules, play important roles in the biopharmaceuticals field. As compared with traditional drugs based on small molecules, peptide- and protein-based drugs offer several advantages, although most cannot traverse the cell membrane, a natural barrier that prevents biomacromolecules from directly entering cells. However, drug delivery via cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) is increasingly replacing traditional approaches that mediate biomacromolecular cellular uptake, due to CPPs' superior safety and efficiency as drug delivery vehicles. In this review, we describe the discovery of CPPs, recent developments in CPP design, and recent advances in CPP applications for enhanced cellular delivery of peptide- and protein-based drugs. First, we discuss the discovery of natural CPPs in snake, bee, and spider venom. Second, we describe several synthetic types of CPPs, such as cyclic CPPs, glycosylated CPPs, and D-form CPPs. Finally, we summarize and discuss cell membrane permeability characteristics and therapeutic applications of different CPPs when used as vehicles to deliver peptides and proteins to cells, as assessed using various preclinical disease models. Ultimately, this review provides an overview of recent advances in CPP development with relevance to applications related to the therapeutic delivery of biomacromolecular drugs to alleviate diverse diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifeng Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yanfei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Chuang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Huan Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Yinghui Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
| | - Zhengqiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China;
| | - Nianqiu Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132013, China; (H.Z.); (Y.Z.); (C.Z.); (H.Y.); (Y.M.)
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
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Kanauchi M, Matsumoto N. Characteristics of alanine racemase in Lactobacillus sakeiZH-2 strain. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4745-4755. [PMID: 37576047 PMCID: PMC10420772 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Some d-amino acid functions for food production are widely known: d-alanine improves sensory evaluations of sake, beer, and fermented foods. Therefore, for the application of d-amino acids, alanine racemase (ALRase) in Lactobacillus sakei ZH-2, which has strong racemization, was analyzed using molecular biological methods. It had been hypothesized that ALRase coding DNA, alr, in ZH-2 strain differs from those of other Lactobacillus sakei strains. However, complete genome sequencing by the National Center for Biotechnology (NCBI) revealed the amino acid sequence of alr in ZH-2 strain to have homology of 99.4% similarity with the alr in Lactobacillus sakei 23K strain. However, it is considered that the sequence of alr was a unique amino acid sequence in the lactic acid bacteria group. DNA "alr" of ZH-2 strain has a 1140 bp DNA base with 41 kDa molecular mass. Its molecular mass was inferred as approximately 38.0 kDa using SDS-PAGE. Its optimum conditions are pH 9.0 at 30-40°C, showing stability at pH 9.0-10.0 and 4-40°C. Its cofactor is pyridoxal phosphate. Its activity is activated more by copper and zinc ions than by the lack of a metal ion. Additionally, its K m is 1.32 × 10-3 (mol), with V max of 4.27 × 10-5 (μmol-1 min-1). ALRase reacted against alanine most strongly in other substrates such as amino acids. The enzyme against serine was found to have 40% activity against alanine. The enzyme converted up to 54.5% of d-alanine from l-alanine ZH-2 strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Kanauchi
- School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental SciencesMiyagi UniversitySendaiJapan
| | - Natsuki Matsumoto
- School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental SciencesMiyagi UniversitySendaiJapan
- Toasu Co., Ltd.ToyokawaJapan
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Bearne SL. Design and evaluation of substrate-product analog inhibitors for racemases and epimerases utilizing a 1,1-proton transfer mechanism. Methods Enzymol 2023; 690:397-444. [PMID: 37858537 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Racemases and epimerases catalyze the inversion of stereochemistry at asymmetric carbon atoms to generate stereoisomers that often play important roles in normal and pathological physiology. Consequently, there is interest in developing inhibitors of these enzymes for drug discovery. A strategy for the rational design of substrate-product analog (SPA) inhibitors of racemases and epimerases utilizing a direct 1,1-proton transfer mechanism is elaborated. This strategy assumes that two groups on the asymmetric carbon atom remain fixed at active-site binding determinants, while the hydrogen and third, motile group move during catalysis, with the latter potentially traveling between an R- and S-pocket at the active site. SPAs incorporate structural features of the substrate and product, often with geminal disubstitution on the asymmetric carbon atom to simultaneously present the motile group to both the R- and S-pockets. For racemases operating on substrates bearing three polar groups (glutamate, aspartate, and serine racemases) or with compact, hydrophobic binding pockets (proline racemase), substituent motion is limited and the design strategy furnishes inhibitors with poor or modest binding affinities. The approach is most successful when substrates have a large, motile hydrophobic group that binds at a plastic and/or capacious hydrophobic site. Potent inhibitors were developed for mandelate racemase, isoleucine epimerase, and α-methylacyl-CoA racemase using the SPA inhibitor design strategy, exhibiting binding affinities ranging from substrate-like to exceeding that of the substrate by 100-fold. This rational approach for designing inhibitors of racemases and epimerases having the appropriate active-site architectures is a useful strategy for furnishing compounds for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Bearne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
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Karpe AV, Beale DJ, Tran CD. Intelligent Biological Networks: Improving Anti-Microbial Resistance Resilience through Nutritional Interventions to Understand Protozoal Gut Infections. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1800. [PMID: 37512972 PMCID: PMC10383877 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Enteric protozoan pathogenic infections significantly contribute to the global burden of gastrointestinal illnesses. Their occurrence is considerable within remote and indigenous communities and regions due to reduced access to clean water and adequate sanitation. The robustness of these pathogens leads to a requirement of harsh treatment methods, such as medicinal drugs or antibiotics. However, in addition to protozoal infection itself, these treatments impact the gut microbiome and create dysbiosis. This often leads to opportunistic pathogen invasion, anti-microbial resistance, or functional gastrointestinal disorders, such as irritable bowel syndrome. Moreover, these impacts do not remain confined to the gut and are reflected across the gut-brain, gut-liver, and gut-lung axes, among others. Therefore, apart from medicinal treatment, nutritional supplementation is also a key aspect of providing recovery from this dysbiosis. Future proteins, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, and food formulations offer a good solution to remedy this dysbiosis. Furthermore, nutritional supplementation also helps to build resilience against opportunistic pathogens and potential future infections and disorders that may arise due to the dysbiosis. Systems biology techniques have shown to be highly effective tools to understand the biochemistry of these processes. Systems biology techniques characterize the fundamental host-pathogen interaction biochemical pathways at various infection and recovery stages. This same mechanism also allows the impact of the abovementioned treatment methods of gut microbiome remediation to be tracked. This manuscript discusses system biology approaches, analytical techniques, and interaction and association networks, to understand (1) infection mechanisms and current global status; (2) cross-organ impacts of dysbiosis, particularly within the gut-liver and gut-lung axes; and (3) nutritional interventions. This study highlights the impact of anti-microbial resistance and multi-drug resistance from the perspective of protozoal infections. It also highlights the role of nutritional interventions to add resilience against the chronic problems caused by these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash V Karpe
- Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Black Mountain Science and Innovation Park, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia
- Socio-Eternal Thinking for Unity (SETU), Melbourne, VIC 3805, Australia
| | - David J Beale
- Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Cuong D Tran
- Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Gate 13 Kintore Ave., Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
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11
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HORIE M, OHMIYA Y, OHMORI T. Analysis of D-amino acid in Japanese post-fermented tea, Ishizuchi-kurocha. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2023; 42:254-263. [PMID: 37791341 PMCID: PMC10542427 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The D-amino acid content of Ishizuchi-kurocha, a post-fermented tea produced in Ehime, Japan, was measured. Ishizuchi-kurocha mainly contains D-glutamic acid and D-alanine, but it also contains a small amount of D-aspartic acid. Two types of lactic acid bacteria, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum and Levilactobacillus brevis, are the main species involved in lactic acid fermentation during the tea fermentation process. Therefore, the D-amino acid-producing abilities of strains of these two species isolated from Ishizuchi-kurocha were examined. Specifically, the production of D-aspartic acid, D-alanine, and D-glutamic acid by L. brevis and L. plantarum strains was observed. The amount of D-aspartic acid produced by L. plantarum was low. D-glutamine was detected in culture supernatant but not in bacterial cells. D-arginine was detected in bacterial cells of the L. plantarum strains but not in the culture supernatant. Both the L. brevis and L. plantarum strains possessed at least three kinds of putative racemase genes: alanine racemase, glutamate racemase, and aspartate racemase. However, their expression and enzyme activity remain unknown. L. plantarum and L. brevis could play an important role in the production of D-amino acids in Ishizuchi-kurocha. In fact, Ishizuchi-kurocha is expected to possess the effective physiological activities of D-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori HORIE
- Health and Medical Research Institute, National Institute of
Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 2217-14 Hayashi-cho, Takamatsu, Kagawa
761-0301, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro OHMIYA
- Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced
Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), 1-8-31 Midorigaoka, Ikeda, Osaka 563-8577,
Japan
| | - Taketo OHMORI
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Osaka Institute of
Technology, 5-16-1 Ohmiya, Asahi-ku, Osaka 535-8585, Japan
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12
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Kouakou YI, Lee RJ. Interkingdom Detection of Bacterial Quorum-Sensing Molecules by Mammalian Taste Receptors. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1295. [PMID: 37317269 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bitter and sweet taste G protein-coupled receptors (known as T2Rs and T1Rs, respectively) were originally identified in type II taste cells on the tongue, where they signal perception of bitter and sweet tastes, respectively. Over the past ~15 years, taste receptors have been identified in cells all over the body, demonstrating a more general chemosensory role beyond taste. Bitter and sweet taste receptors regulate gut epithelial function, pancreatic β cell secretion, thyroid hormone secretion, adipocyte function, and many other processes. Emerging data from a variety of tissues suggest that taste receptors are also used by mammalian cells to "eavesdrop" on bacterial communications. These receptors are activated by several quorum-sensing molecules, including acyl-homoserine lactones and quinolones from Gram-negative bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, competence stimulating peptides from Streptococcus mutans, and D-amino acids from Staphylococcus aureus. Taste receptors are an arm of immune surveillance similar to Toll-like receptors and other pattern recognition receptors. Because they are activated by quorum-sensing molecules, taste receptors report information about microbial population density based on the chemical composition of the extracellular environment. This review summarizes current knowledge of bacterial activation of taste receptors and identifies important questions remaining in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yobouet Ines Kouakou
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Robert J Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Physiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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13
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Casanova A, Wevers A, Navarro-Ledesma S, Pruimboom L. Mitochondria: It is all about energy. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1114231. [PMID: 37179826 PMCID: PMC10167337 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1114231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria play a key role in both health and disease. Their function is not limited to energy production but serves multiple mechanisms varying from iron and calcium homeostasis to the production of hormones and neurotransmitters, such as melatonin. They enable and influence communication at all physical levels through interaction with other organelles, the nucleus, and the outside environment. The literature suggests crosstalk mechanisms between mitochondria and circadian clocks, the gut microbiota, and the immune system. They might even be the hub supporting and integrating activity across all these domains. Hence, they might be the (missing) link in both health and disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is related to metabolic syndrome, neuronal diseases, cancer, cardiovascular and infectious diseases, and inflammatory disorders. In this regard, diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and chronic pain are discussed. This review focuses on understanding the mitochondrial mechanisms of action that allow for the maintenance of mitochondrial health and the pathways toward dysregulated mechanisms. Although mitochondria have allowed us to adapt to changes over the course of evolution, in turn, evolution has shaped mitochondria. Each evolution-based intervention influences mitochondria in its own way. The use of physiological stress triggers tolerance to the stressor, achieving adaptability and resistance. This review describes strategies that could recover mitochondrial functioning in multiple diseases, providing a comprehensive, root-cause-focused, integrative approach to recovering health and treating people suffering from chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaloha Casanova
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Anne Wevers
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Santiago Navarro-Ledesma
- Department of Physiotherapy, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Melilla, Spain
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
| | - Leo Pruimboom
- PNI Europe, The Hague, Netherlands
- Chair of Clinical Psychoneuroimmunology, University of Granada and PNI Europe, Granada, Spain
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14
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Bearne SL, Hayden JA. Application of circular dichroism-based assays to racemases and epimerases: Recognition and catalysis of reactions of chiral substrates by mandelate racemase. Methods Enzymol 2023; 685:127-169. [PMID: 37245900 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Racemases and epimerases have attracted much interest because of their astonishing ability to catalyze the rapid α-deprotonation of carbon acid substrates with high pKa values (∼13-30) leading to the formation of d-amino acids or various carbohydrate diastereomers that serve important roles in both normal physiology and pathology. Enzymatic assays to measure the initial rates of reactions catalyzed by these enzymes are discussed using mandelate racemase (MR) as an example. For MR, a convenient, rapid, and versatile circular dichroism (CD)-based assay has been used to determine the kinetic parameters accompanying the MR-catalyzed racemization of mandelate and alternative substrates. This direct, continuous assay permits real time monitoring of reaction progress, the rapid determination of initial velocities, and immediate recognition of anomalous behaviors. MR recognizes chiral substrates primarily through interactions of the phenyl ring of (R)- or (S)-mandelate with the hydrophobic R- or S-pocket at the active site, respectively. During catalysis, the carboxylate and α-hydroxyl groups of the substrate remain fixed in place through interactions with the Mg2+ ion and multiple H-bonding interactions, while the phenyl ring moves between the R- and S-pockets. The minimal requirements for the substrate appear to be the presence of a glycolate or glycolamide moiety, and a hydrophobic group of limited size that can stabilize the carbanionic intermediate through resonance or strong inductive effects. Similar CD-based assays may be applied to determine the activity of other racemases or epimerases with proper consideration of the molar ellipticity, wavelength, overall absorbance of the sample, and the light pathlength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen L Bearne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Chemistry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
| | - Joshua A Hayden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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15
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Zhong Y, Chen Y, Chen L, Hu Y, Xiao X, Xia L, Li G. Chiral-Controlled Cyclic Chemiluminescence Reactions for the Analysis of Enantiomer Amino Acids. Anal Chem 2023; 95:6971-6979. [PMID: 37068187 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
The similarity and complexity of chiral amino acids (AAs) in complex samples remain a significant challenge in their analysis. In this work, the chiral metal-organic framework (MOF)-controlled cyclic chemiluminescence (CCL) reaction is developed and utilized in the analysis of enantiomer AAs. The chiral MOF of d-Co0.75Zn0.25-MOF-74 is designed and prepared by modifying the Co0.75Zn0.25-MOF-74 with d-tartaric acid. The developed chiral bimetallic MOF can not only offer the chiral recognize sites but also act as the catalyst in the cyclic luminol-H2O2 reaction. Moreover, a distinguishable CCL signal can be obtained on enantiomer AAs via the luminol-H2O2 reaction with the control of d-Co0.75Zn0.25-MOF-74. The amplified difference of enantiomer AAs can be quantified by the decay coefficient (k-values) which are calculated from the exponential decay fitting of their obtained CCL signals. According to simulation results, the selective recognition of 19 pairs of AAs is controlled by the pore size of the MOF-74 and their hydrogen-bond interaction with d-tartaric acid on the chiral MOF. Furthermore, the k-values can also be used to estimate the change of chiral AAs in complex samples. Consequently, this chiral MOF-controlled CCL reaction is applied to differentiate enantiomer AAs involved in the quality monitoring of dairy products and auxiliary diagnosis, which provides a new approach for chiral studies and their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Zhong
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yanlong Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Linyuan Chen
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yufei Hu
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaohua Xiao
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ling Xia
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Gongke Li
- School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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16
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Onozato M, Nakanoue H, Sakamoto T, Umino M, Fukushima T. Determination of d- and l-Amino Acids in Garlic Foodstuffs by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041773. [PMID: 36838762 PMCID: PMC9965777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Black garlic is currently attracting interest as a health food and constituent of commercial supplements; however, no data regarding the d-amino acids within black garlic have been reported. Therefore, the amino acid compositions of methanol extracts from fresh and black garlic were compared herein. We investigated the contents of the d- and l-forms of amino acids in commercial fresh, black, and freeze-dried garlic foodstuffs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using a pre-column chiral derivatization reagent, succinimidyl 2-(3-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-1-methyl-5-oxoimidazolidin-4-yl) acetate. Several d-amino acids, namely, the d-forms of Asn, Ala, Ser, Thr, Glu, Asp, Pro, Arg, Phe, Orn, Lys, and Tyr, were observed in the methanol extract of black garlic, whereas only d-Ala was detected in that of fresh garlic foodstuffs. These data suggest that several d-amino acids can be produced during fermentation for preparing black garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Onozato
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Haruna Nakanoue
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Maho Umino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukushima
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi 274-8510, Japan
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17
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Regulation of l- and d-Aspartate Transport and Metabolism in Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0088322. [PMID: 35862682 PMCID: PMC9361831 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00883-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The regulated uptake and consumption of d-amino acids by bacteria remain largely unexplored, despite the physiological importance of these compounds. Unlike other characterized bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which utilizes only l-Asp, Acinetobacter baylyi ADP1 can consume both d-Asp and l-Asp as the sole carbon or nitrogen source. As described here, two LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs), DarR and AalR, control d- and l-Asp metabolism in strain ADP1. Heterologous expression of A. baylyi proteins enabled E. coli to use d-Asp as the carbon source when either of two transporters (AspT or AspY) and a racemase (RacD) were coexpressed. A third transporter, designated AspS, was also discovered to transport Asp in ADP1. DarR and/or AalR controlled the transcription of aspT, aspY, racD, and aspA (which encodes aspartate ammonia lyase). Conserved residues in the N-terminal DNA-binding domains of both regulators likely enable them to recognize the same DNA consensus sequence (ATGC-N7-GCAT) in several operator-promoter regions. In strains lacking AalR, suppressor mutations revealed a role for the ClpAP protease in Asp metabolism. In the absence of the ClpA component of this protease, DarR can compensate for the loss of AalR. ADP1 consumed l- and d-Asn and l-Glu, but not d-Glu, as the sole carbon or nitrogen source using interrelated pathways. IMPORTANCE A regulatory scheme was revealed in which AalR responds to l-Asp and DarR responds to d-Asp, a molecule with critical signaling functions in many organisms. The RacD-mediated interconversion of these isomers causes overlap in transcriptional control in A. baylyi. Our studies improve understanding of transport and regulation and lay the foundation for determining how regulators distinguish l- and d-enantiomers. These studies are relevant for biotechnology applications, and they highlight the importance of d-amino acids as natural bacterial growth substrates.
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18
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Sato A, Putri SP, Astuti DI, Fukusaki E. Metabolome analysis to investigate the effect of controlled fermentation on taste-related metabolites in terasi. Metabolomics 2022; 18:44. [PMID: 35760928 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-022-01902-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Terasi is a fermented shrimp paste unique to Indonesia and is used in dishes to add umami and saltiness. In a previous study, the controlled fermentation of terasi was optimized using starters containing three bacterial isolates: Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Bacillus subtilis, and Lactobacillus murinus. However, the influence of controlled fermentation using these starters on the metabolites in terasi has not yet been studied. OBJECTIVES Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of controlled fermentation on taste-related metabolites in terasi using a metabolomics approach. RESULTS Non-targeted analysis indicated that amino acids contributed to variations during fermentation. Subsequently, targeted analysis of amino acids revealed that terasi subjected to controlled fermentation using a starter with a 2:1:2 ratio of S. saprophyticus, B. subtilis, and L. murinus, respectively, resulted in a product containing D-amino acids, such as D-Asp, D-Gln, and D-Leu that was unique when compared to other terasi products prepared using controlled fermentation. Genetic analysis of isolates from the terasi produced using controlled fermentation was also carried out, and this is the first study to suggest that Staphylococcus spp. has the potential to produce D-amino acids. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the ratio of bacterial species in starter cultures used in controlled fermentation influenced the amino acid profile of the product and starters with a higher ratio of Staphylococcus spp. may result in the production of D-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arisa Sato
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sastia Prama Putri
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Technology Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No.10, Lb. Siliwangi, Coblong, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat, 40132, Indonesia.
- Osaka University-Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research Laboratories, Osaka University, Osaka, 565 0871, Japan.
| | - Dea Indriani Astuti
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Technology Bandung, Jl. Ganesha No.10, Lb. Siliwangi, Coblong, Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat, 40132, Indonesia
| | - Eiichiro Fukusaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Industrial Biotechnology Initiative Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, 565 0871, Japan
- Osaka University-Shimadzu Omics Innovation Research Laboratories, Osaka University, Osaka, 565 0871, Japan
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Li J, Wang L, Yin L, Jiang X, Guo K, Zhang C, Yu S, Yu X, Wang Q. A Racemic Naphthyl-Coumarin-Based Probe for Quantitative Enantiomeric Excess Analysis of Amino Acids and Enantioselective Sensing of Amines and Amino Alcohols. ChemistryOpen 2022; 11:e202200088. [PMID: 35642171 PMCID: PMC9156809 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A new racemic naphthyl-coumarin-based probe was found to bind covalently with amino acids in MeOH-KOH system and thereby generates distinct CD responses. The induced strong CD signals allowed quantitative enantiomeric excess analysis of amino acids and enantioselective sensing of amines and amino alcohols. The mechanism for the reaction of the coumarin-aldehyde probe with an amino acid was investigated by CD, UV-Vis, NMR, ESI-MS analyses and ECD calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐Yi Li
- Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000P. R.China
| | - Li Wang
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouSichuan 646099P. R. China
- Department of Nuclear MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000P. R. China
| | - Li‐Ping Yin
- Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000P. R.China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouSichuan 646099P. R. China
| | - Xin‐Meng Jiang
- Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000P. R.China
| | - Kai Guo
- Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000P. R.China
| | - Chun Zhang
- Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000P. R.China
| | - Shan‐Shan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610064P. R. China
| | - Xiao‐Qi Yu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and TechnologyMinistry of EducationCollege of ChemistrySichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610064P. R. China
| | - Qin Wang
- Department of Medicinal ChemistrySchool of PharmacySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouSichuan 646000P. R.China
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan ProvinceLuzhouSichuan 646099P. R. China
- Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese MedicineDazhouSichuan 635000P. R. China
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20
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Lin L, Du R, Wang Y, Wu Q, Xu Y. Regulation of auxotrophic lactobacilli growth by amino acid cross-feeding interaction. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 377:109769. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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21
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Mechanism of high D-aspartate production in the lactic acid bacterium Latilactobacillus sp. strain WDN19. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:2651-2663. [PMID: 35305124 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-11870-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
D-Aspartate (D-Asp) is a useful compound for a semisynthetic antibiotic and has potentially beneficial effects on humans. Several lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species produce D-Asp as a component of cell wall peptidoglycan. We previously isolated a LAB strain (named strain WDN19) that can extracellularly produce a large amount of D-Asp. Here, we show the factors that contribute to high D-Asp production ability. Strain WDN19 was most closely related to Latilactobacillus curvatus. The D-Asp production ability of strain WDN19 in a rich medium was 13.7-fold higher than that of L. curvatus DSM 20019. A major part of D-Asp was synthesized from L-Asp contained in the medium by aspartate racemase (RacD). During their cultivation, the RacD activity in strain WDN19 was higher than in strain DSM 20019, especially much higher in the early exponential growth phase because of the higher racD transcription and the higher activity of RacD itself of strain WDN19. In a synthetic medium, the extracellular production of D,L-Asp was observed in strain WDN19 but not in strain DSM 20019. The addition of L-asparagine (L-Asn) to the medium increased and gave D,L-Asp production in strains WDN19 and DSM 20019, respectively, suggesting L-Asp synthesis by L-asparaginase (AsnA). The L-Asn uptake ability of the strains was similar, but the AsnA activity in the middle exponential and early stationary growth phases and intracellular D,L-Asp was much higher in strain WDN19. In their genome sequences, only an aspartate aminotransferase gene was found among L-Asp-metabolizing enzymes, except for RacD, but was disrupted in strain WDN19 by transposon insertion. These observations indicated that the high D-Asp production ability of strain WDN19 was mainly based on high RacD and AnsA activities and L-Asp supply. KEY POINTS: • Strain WDN19 was suggested to be a strain of Latilactobacillus curvatus. • Extracellular high d-Asp production ability was not a common feature of L. curvatus. • High d-Asp production was due to high RacD and AnsA activities and l-Asp supply.
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22
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D-Amino Acids as a Biomarker in Schizophrenia. Diseases 2022; 10:diseases10010009. [PMID: 35225861 PMCID: PMC8883943 DOI: 10.3390/diseases10010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
D-amino acids may play key roles for specific physiological functions in different organs including the brain. Importantly, D-amino acids have been detected in several neurological disorders such as schizophrenia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and age-related disorders, reflecting the disease conditions. Relationships between D-amino acids and neurophysiology may involve the significant contribution of D-Serine or D-Aspartate to the synaptic function, including neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Gut-microbiota could play important roles in the brain-function, since bacteria in the gut provide a significant contribution to the host pool of D-amino acids. In addition, the alteration of the composition of the gut microbiota might lead to schizophrenia. Furthermore, D-amino acids are known as a physiologically active substance, constituting useful biomarkers of several brain disorders including schizophrenia. In this review, we wish to provide an outline of the roles of D-amino acids in brain health and neuropsychiatric disorders with a focus on schizophrenia, which may shed light on some of the superior diagnoses and/or treatments of schizophrenia.
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Rahman SU, Zhou K, Zhou S, Sun T, Mi R, Huang Y, Han X, Gong H, Chen Z. Curcumin mitigates Cryptosporidium parvum infection through modulation of gut microbiota and innate immune-related genes in immunosuppressed neonatal mice. Microb Pathog 2022; 164:105424. [PMID: 35092833 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cryptosporidium parvum is a major cause of diarrheal disease in immature or weakened immune systems, mainly in infants and young children in resource-poor settings. Despite its high prevalence, fully effective and safe drugs for the treatment of C. parvum infections remain scarce, and there is no vaccine. Meanwhile, curcumin has shown protective effects against C. parvum infections. However, the mechanisms of action and relationship to the gut microbiota and innate immune responses are unclear. Immunosuppressed neonatal mice were infected with oocysts of C. parvum and either untreated or treated with a normal diet, curcumin or paromomycin. We found that curcumin stopped C. parvum oocysts shedding in the feces of infected immunosuppressed neonatal mice, prevented epithelial damage, and villi degeneration, as well as prevented recurrence of infection. Curcumin supplementation increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Proteobacteria in mice infected with C. parvum as shown by 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Desulfovibrio, Prevotella, and Helicobacter was significantly associated with C. parvum infection inhibited by curcumin. Curcumin significantly (P < 0.01) suppressed IFN-γ and IL -18 gene expression levels in immunosuppressed neonatal C. parvum-infected mice. We demonstrate that the therapeutic effects curcumin are associated with alterations in the gut microbiota and innate immune-related genes, which may be linked to the anti-Cryptosporidium mechanisms of curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajid Ur Rahman
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Keke Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - ShaSha Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Tiancong Sun
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Rongsheng Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiangan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
| | - Zhaoguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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24
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Cárdenas-Fernández M, Sinclair O, Ward JM. Novel transaminases from thermophiles: from discovery to application. Microb Biotechnol 2021; 15:305-317. [PMID: 34713952 PMCID: PMC8719814 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Transaminases (TAs) are promising biocatalysts for chiral amine synthesis; however, only few thermophilic TAs have been described to date. In this work, a genome mining approach was taken to seek novel TAs from nine thermophilic microorganisms. TA sequences were identified from their respective genome sequences and their Pfam were predicted confirming that TAs class I–II are the most abundant (50%), followed by class III (26%), V (16%), IV (8%) and VI (1%). The percentage of open reading frames (ORFs) that are TAs ranges from 0.689% in Thermococcus litoralis to 0.424% in Sulfolobus solfataricus. A total of 94 putative TAs were successfully cloned and expressed into E. coli, showing mostly good expression levels when using a chemical chaperone media containing d‐sorbitol. Kinetic and end‐point colorimetric assays with different amino donors–acceptors confirmed TAs activity allowing for initial exploration of the substrate scope. Stereoselective and non‐stereoselective serine‐TAs were selected for the synthesis of hydroxypyruvate (HPA). Low HPA reaction yields were observed with four non‐stereoselective serine‐TAs, whilst two stereoselective serine‐TAs showed significantly higher yields. Coupling serine‐TA reactions to a transketolase to yield l‐erythrulose (Ery) substantially increased serine conversion into HPA. Combining both stereoselective serine‐TAs and transketolase using the inexpensive racemic D/L‐serine led to high Ery yield (82%). Thermal characterization of stereoselective serine‐TAs confirmed they have excellent thermostability up to 60°C and high optimum temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Cárdenas-Fernández
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower St, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.,School of Biosciences, University of Kent, CT2 7NJ, Kent, UK
| | - Oliver Sinclair
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower St, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
| | - John M Ward
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Gower St, WC1E 6BT, London, UK
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Kawakami R, Kinoshita C, Kawase T, Sato M, Hayashi J, Sakuraba H, Ohshima T. Characterization of a novel moderate-substrate specificity amino acid racemase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus litoralis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 85:1650-1657. [PMID: 33942867 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The amino acid sequence of the OCC_10945 gene product from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Thermococcus litoralis DSM5473, originally annotated as γ-aminobutyrate aminotransferase, is highly similar to that of the uncharacterized pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent amino acid racemase from Pyrococcus horikoshii. The OCC_10945 enzyme was successfully overexpressed in Escherichia coli by coexpression with a chaperone protein. The purified enzyme demonstrated PLP-dependent amino acid racemase activity primarily toward Met and Leu. Although PLP contributed to enzyme stability, it only loosely bound to this enzyme. Enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by several metal ions, including Co2+ and Zn2+, and nonsubstrate amino acids such as l-Arg and l-Lys. These results suggest that the underlying PLP-binding and substrate recognition mechanisms in this enzyme are significantly different from those of the other archaeal and bacterial amino acid racemases. This is the first description of a novel PLP-dependent amino acid racemase with moderate substrate specificity in hyperthermophilic archaea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryushi Kawakami
- Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Kinoshita
- Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kawase
- Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Mikio Sato
- Department of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Faculty of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Junji Hayashi
- Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Sakuraba
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Japan
| | - Toshihisa Ohshima
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Osaka Institute of Technology, Osaka, Japan
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Karpe AV, Hutton ML, Mileto SJ, James ML, Evans C, Shah RM, Ghodke AB, Hillyer KE, Metcalfe SS, Liu JW, Walsh T, Lyras D, Palombo EA, Beale DJ. Cryptosporidiosis Modulates the Gut Microbiome and Metabolism in a Murine Infection Model. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060380. [PMID: 34208228 PMCID: PMC8230837 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidiosis is a major human health concern globally. Despite well-established methods, misdiagnosis remains common. Our understanding of the cryptosporidiosis biochemical mechanism remains limited, compounding the difficulty of clinical diagnosis. Here, we used a systems biology approach to investigate the underlying biochemical interactions in C57BL/6J mice infected with Cryptosporidium parvum. Faecal samples were collected daily following infection. Blood, liver tissues and luminal contents were collected 10 days post infection. High-resolution liquid chromatography and low-resolution gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry were used to analyse the proteomes and metabolomes of these samples. Faeces and luminal contents were additionally subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis of the acquired data illustrated altered host and microbial energy pathways during infection. Glycolysis/citrate cycle metabolites were depleted, while short-chain fatty acids and D-amino acids accumulated. An increased abundance of bacteria associated with a stressed gut environment was seen. Host proteins involved in energy pathways and Lactobacillus glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase were upregulated during cryptosporidiosis. Liver oxalate also increased during infection. Microbiome–parasite relationships were observed to be more influential than the host–parasite association in mediating major biochemical changes in the mouse gut during cryptosporidiosis. Defining this parasite–microbiome interaction is the first step towards building a comprehensive cryptosporidiosis model towards biomarker discovery, and rapid and accurate diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avinash V. Karpe
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; (A.V.K.); (R.M.S.); (K.E.H.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Melanie L. Hutton
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (M.L.H.); (S.J.M.); (M.L.J.); (C.E.); (D.L.)
| | - Steven J. Mileto
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (M.L.H.); (S.J.M.); (M.L.J.); (C.E.); (D.L.)
| | - Meagan L. James
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (M.L.H.); (S.J.M.); (M.L.J.); (C.E.); (D.L.)
| | - Chris Evans
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (M.L.H.); (S.J.M.); (M.L.J.); (C.E.); (D.L.)
| | - Rohan M. Shah
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; (A.V.K.); (R.M.S.); (K.E.H.); (S.S.M.)
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - Amol B. Ghodke
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, Department of Horticulture, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia;
- BIO21 Institute, School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Katie E. Hillyer
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; (A.V.K.); (R.M.S.); (K.E.H.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Suzanne S. Metcalfe
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; (A.V.K.); (R.M.S.); (K.E.H.); (S.S.M.)
| | - Jian-Wei Liu
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Research and Innovation Park, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (J.-W.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Tom Walsh
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Research and Innovation Park, Acton, ACT 2601, Australia; (J.-W.L.); (T.W.)
| | - Dena Lyras
- Infection and Immunity Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; (M.L.H.); (S.J.M.); (M.L.J.); (C.E.); (D.L.)
| | - Enzo A. Palombo
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC 3122, Australia;
| | - David J. Beale
- Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD 4102, Australia; (A.V.K.); (R.M.S.); (K.E.H.); (S.S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-7-3833-5774
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Yang H, He M, Wu C. Cross protection of lactic acid bacteria during environmental stresses: Stress responses and underlying mechanisms. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Estevinho LM, Combarros-Fuertes P, Paula VB. Recent Advances in Applied Microbiology: Editorial. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8091364. [PMID: 32906582 PMCID: PMC7564941 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8091364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of microbiology has grown exponentially since the development of genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics, making it possible to clarify microbial biogeochemical processes and their interactions with macroorganisms in both health and disease. Particular attention is being payed to applied microbiology, a discipline that deals with the application of microorganisms to specific endeavors, whose economic value is expected to exceed USD 675.2 billion by 2024. In the Special Issue "Recent Advances in Applied Microbiology", twenty-four papers were published (four reviews and twenty original research papers), covering a wide range of subjects within applied microbiology, including: microbial pathogenesis, the health-promoting properties of microorganisms and their by-products, food conservation, the production of alcoholic beverages, bioremediation and the application of microbiology to several industrial processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia M. Estevinho
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-252 Bragança, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-273303342
| | - Patrícia Combarros-Fuertes
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of León, Campus de Vegazana, 24071 León, Spain;
| | - Vanessa Branco Paula
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, 5300-252 Bragança, Portugal;
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29
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Vázquez JA, Durán AI, Menduíña A, Nogueira M, Gomes AM, Antunes J, Freitas AC, Dagá E, Dagá P, Valcarcel J. Bioconversion of Fish Discards through the Production of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Metabolites: Sustainable Application of Fish Peptones in Nutritive Fermentation Media. Foods 2020; 9:E1239. [PMID: 32899847 PMCID: PMC7554814 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current work, we study the capacity of 30 peptones obtained by enzyme proteolysis of ten discarded fish species (hake, megrim, red scorpionfish, pouting, mackerel, gurnard, blue whiting, Atlantic horse mackerel, grenadier, and boarfish) to support the growth and metabolite production of four lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of probiotic and technological importance. Batch fermentations of Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis, L. casei, and Leuconostoc mesenteroides in most of the media formulated with fish peptones (87% of the cases) led to similar growths (quantified as dry-weight biomass and viable cells) and metabolites (mainly lactic acid) than in commercial control broth (MRS). Comparisons among cultures were performed by means of the parameters obtained from the mathematical fittings of experimental kinetics to the logistic equation. Modelling among experimental and predicted data from each bioproduction was generally accurate. A simple economic assessment demonstrated the profitability achieved when MRS is substituted by media formulated with fish discards: a 3-4-fold reduction of costs for LAB biomass, viable cells formation, and lactic and acetic acid production. Thus, these fish peptones are promising alternatives to the expensive commercial peptones as well as a possible solution to valorize discarded fish biomasses and by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Vázquez
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.I.D.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ana I. Durán
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.I.D.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Araceli Menduíña
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.I.D.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Margarita Nogueira
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.I.D.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
| | - Ana María Gomes
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (J.A.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Joana Antunes
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (J.A.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Ana Cristina Freitas
- CBQF-Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (A.M.G.); (J.A.); (A.C.F.)
| | - Esther Dagá
- Bialactis Biotech S.L., Grupo Zendal, Lugar a Relva, S/N, CP 36410 O Porriño, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain; (E.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Paula Dagá
- Bialactis Biotech S.L., Grupo Zendal, Lugar a Relva, S/N, CP 36410 O Porriño, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain; (E.D.); (P.D.)
| | - Jesus Valcarcel
- Grupo de Biotecnología y Bioprocesos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain; (A.I.D.); (A.M.); (M.N.); (J.V.)
- Laboratorio de Reciclado y Valorización de Materiales Residuales (REVAL), Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), C/Eduardo Cabello, 6, CP 36208 Vigo, Galicia, Spain
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Gu SX, Wang HF, Zhu YY, Chen FE. Natural Occurrence, Biological Functions, and Analysis of D-Amino Acids. PHARMACEUTICAL FRONTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1713820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis review covers the recent development on the natural occurrence, functional elucidations, and analysis of amino acids of the D (dextro) configuration. In the pharmaceutical field, amino acids are not only used directly as clinical drugs and nutriments, but also widely applied as starting materials, catalysts, or chiral ligands for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients. Earler belief hold that only L-amino acids exist in nature and D-amino acids were artificial products. However, increasing evidence indicates that D-amino acids are naturally occurring in living organisms including human beings, plants, and microorganisms, playing important roles in biological processes. While D-amino acids have similar physical and chemical characteristics with their respective L-enantiomers in an achiral measurement, the biological functions of D-amino acids are remarkably different from those of L-ones. With the rapid development of chiral analytical techniques for D-amino acids, studies on the existence, formation mechanisms, biological functions as well as relevant physiology and pathology of D-amino acids have achieved great progress; however, they are far from being sufficiently explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Xi Gu
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Feng Wang
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering & Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- School of Chemistry & Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fen-Er Chen
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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31
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d-glutamate and Gut Microbiota in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21082676. [PMID: 32290475 PMCID: PMC7215955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: An increasing number of studies have shown that the brain–gut–microbiota axis may significantly contribute to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Moreover, impaired memory and learning involve the dysfunction neurotransmission of glutamate, the agonist of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor and a major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain. This systematic review aimed to summarize the current cutting-edge research on the gut microbiota and glutamate alterations associated with dementia. Methods: PubMed, the Cochrane Collaboration Central Register of Controlled Clinical Trials, and Cochrane Systematic Reviews were reviewed for all studies on glutamate and gut microbiota in dementia published up until Feb 2020. Results: Several pilot studies have reported alterations of gut microbiota and metabolites in AD patients and other forms of dementia. Gut microbiota including Bacteroides vulgatus and Campylobacter jejuni affect glutamate metabolism and decrease the glutamate metabolite 2-keto-glutaramic acid. Meanwhile, gut bacteria with glutamate racemase including Corynebacterium glutamicum, Brevibacterium lactofermentum, and Brevibacterium avium can convert l-glutamate to d-glutamate. N-methyl-d-aspartate glutamate receptor (NMDAR)-enhancing agents have been found to potentially improve cognition in AD or Parkinson’s disease patients. These findings suggest that d-glutamate (d-form glutamate) metabolized by the gut bacteria may influence the glutamate NMDAR and cognitive function in dementia patients. Conclusions: Gut microbiota and glutamate are potential novel interventions to be developed for dementia. Exploring comprehensive cognitive functions in animal and human trials with glutamate-related NMDAR enhancers are warranted to examine d-glutamate signaling efficacy in gut microbiota in patients with AD and other neurodegenerative dementias.
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