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Onozato M, Nakanoue H, Sakamoto T, Umino M, Fukushima T. Determination of d- and l-Amino Acids in Garlic Foodstuffs by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041773. [PMID: 36838762 PMCID: PMC9965777 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Black garlic is currently attracting interest as a health food and constituent of commercial supplements; however, no data regarding the d-amino acids within black garlic have been reported. Therefore, the amino acid compositions of methanol extracts from fresh and black garlic were compared herein. We investigated the contents of the d- and l-forms of amino acids in commercial fresh, black, and freeze-dried garlic foodstuffs by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) using a pre-column chiral derivatization reagent, succinimidyl 2-(3-((benzyloxy)carbonyl)-1-methyl-5-oxoimidazolidin-4-yl) acetate. Several d-amino acids, namely, the d-forms of Asn, Ala, Ser, Thr, Glu, Asp, Pro, Arg, Phe, Orn, Lys, and Tyr, were observed in the methanol extract of black garlic, whereas only d-Ala was detected in that of fresh garlic foodstuffs. These data suggest that several d-amino acids can be produced during fermentation for preparing black garlic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayu Onozato
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Haruna Nakanoue
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Maho Umino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukushima
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi-shi 274-8510, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Iwasaki
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics and Analytical Science, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
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Takayama T, Mizuno H, Toyo'oka T, Todoroki K. Introducing an Experimental Design Approach for Efficient Optimization of Chiral Derivatization Conditions for D- and L-Glyceric Acids. ANAL SCI 2019; 35:1053-1056. [PMID: 31178548 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19n013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive analytical method was developed for individual analyses of D- and L-glyceric acids by chiral derivatization - liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. To elucidate rapid and efficient optimization for derivatization we newly introduced a concept of design of experiments (DOE). The optimization of major 5 factors in the derivatization could be predicted with only 28 measurements. By applying DOE to optimization, the yields of desired derivatives increased five-fold against before optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Takayama
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Hajime Mizuno
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Toshimasa Toyo'oka
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
| | - Kenichiro Todoroki
- Laboratory of Analytical and Bio-Analytical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka
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Hitchcock ML, Marginean I. Enantiomeric Identification of Pregabalin by GC-MS via Methylation and S-TPC Chiral Derivatization. J Forensic Sci 2018; 64:406-412. [PMID: 30080926 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Pregabalin is a Schedule V controlled substance which is defined as the (S) enantiomer of 3-(aminomethyl)-5-methylhexanoic acid. It is used legitimately to treat neuropathy in patients with diabetes as well as for epilepsy and fibromyalgia. Pregabalin is an amino acid and an amphoteric compound, which makes it difficult to analyze using the conventional GC-MS instrumentation found in most forensic drug analysis laboratories. Problems associated with the traditional GC-MS analysis of pregabalin include selective solubility, ring closure to the corresponding lactam in the GC injection port and/or the MS transfer line and difficulty with chiral derivatization due to the presence of a carboxylic acid moiety. Here, we show that these challenges can be overcome by methylating (capping) the carboxylic acid portion of the pregabalin molecule and converting to the corresponding methyl ester. Once the methyl ester is synthesized, chiral derivatization at the amine can be achieved to identify the controlled (S) enantiomer of pregabalin via GC-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael L Hitchcock
- U.S. Postal Inspection Service National Forensic Laboratory, 22433 Randolph Drive, Dulles, VA, 20104.,Department of Forensic Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20007
| | - Ioan Marginean
- Department of Forensic Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20007
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Iizuka H, Harashima T, Takahashi S, Kuwabara R, Naito Y, Sakamoto T, Onozato M, Ichiba H, Fukushima T. Chromatographic profiles of tryptophan and kynurenine enantiomers derivatized with (S)-4-(3-isothiocyanatopyrrolidin-1-yl)-7-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole using LC-MS/MS on a triazole-bonded column. Chirality 2017; 29:603-609. [PMID: 28730706 DOI: 10.1002/chir.22726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
d- and l-Tryptophan (Trp) and d- and l-kynurenine (KYN) were derivatized with a chiral reagent, (S)-4-(3-isothiocyanatopyrrolidin-1-yl)-7-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-PyNCS), and were separated enantiomerically by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipped with a triazole-bonded column (Cosmosil HILIC) using tandem mass spectrometric (MS/MS) detection. Effects of column temperature, salt (HCO2 NH4 ) concentration, and pH of the mobile phase in the enantiomeric separation, followed by MS detection of (S)-DBD-PyNCS-d,l-Trp and -d,l-KYN, were investigated. The mobile phase consisting of CH3 CN/10 mM ammonium formate in H2 O (pH 5.0) (90/10) with a column temperature of 50-60 °C gave satisfactory resolution (Rs) and mass-spectrometric detection. The enantiomeric separation of d,l-Trp and d,l-KYN produced Rs values of 2.22 and 2.13, and separation factors (α) of 1.08 and 1.08, for the Trp and KYN enantiomers, respectively. The proposed LC-MS/MS method provided excellent detection sensitivity of both enantiomers of Trp and KYN (5.1-19 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideaki Iizuka
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takahiro Harashima
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shuhei Takahashi
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuwabara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yoko Naito
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sakamoto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Mayu Onozato
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideaki Ichiba
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takeshi Fukushima
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, Chiba, Japan
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Brichac J, Honzatko A, Picklo MJ. Direct and indirect high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1149:305-11. [PMID: 17416373 PMCID: PMC2045064 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Revised: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
trans-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid (HNEA) is a marker of lipid peroxidation resulting from the metabolism of trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). Direct and indirect RP-HPLC methods for the separation of HNEA enantiomers were developed and compared. The indirect method involved pre-column derivatization with a chiral amino agent, (1S,2S)-(+)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propanediol, and subsequent separation of diastereomers on a Spherisorb ODS2 column. The direct separation of HNEA enantiomers was performed using the chiral stationary phase, Chiralpak AD-RH. Validation parameters including limit of quantification, linear range, accuracy and precision were determined. The indirect separation method was successfully applied for the determination of enantiomeric ratio of HNEA in rat brain mitochondrial lysate, and showed that HNEA was formed (R)-enantioselectively from HNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Brichac
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9024, USA
| | - Ales Honzatko
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9024, USA
| | - Matthew J. Picklo
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9024, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9024, USA
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Sellers JK, Duffitt GL, Gaines ML, Liu RH. High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Enantiomeric Composition of Abuse Drugs. Forensic Sci Rev 1996; 8:91-109. [PMID: 26270733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous commonly abused drugs exist in two enantiomeric forms. Identifying the exact enantiomeric form is essential when only one of these two enantiomers is a controlled substance. Enantiomeric composition data may also help the investigation of clandestine laboratory activities. Although generally not as convenient as gas chromatographic methods, liquid chromatographic methods (LC) allow for the selection of larger and hopefully more effective derivatizing groups and the use of an "active" mobile phase. LC-based enantiomeric resolution approaches include derivatization with chiral agents, incorporation of chiral additives in the mobile phase, and the use of chiral stationary phases. Various applications of these approaches are reviewed.Unique detection procedures that were adopted in enantiomeric analysis are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Sellers
- Graduate Program in Forensic Science, Department of Justice Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - G L Duffitt
- Graduate Program in Forensic Science, Department of Justice Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - M L Gaines
- Graduate Program in Forensic Science, Department of Justice Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - R H Liu
- Graduate Program in Forensic Science, Department of Justice Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL, USA
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