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Almalki MK, Alhowaish AK, Alharbi AA, Alsehli AM, Makhdoom AK. Acquired Lymphangioma Circumscriptum of the Scrotum: A Case Report. Cureus 2024; 16:e55895. [PMID: 38595904 PMCID: PMC11003562 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is an uncommon malformation affecting the skin and subcutaneous tissue. This report documents a case of LC that developed in the scrotum of a 35-year-old male. Upon examination, numerous clusters of clear vesicles were found on the scrotum's surface. The patient had no previous exposure to infections, trauma, surgery, or radiation treatment. A skin biopsy revealed enlarged lymphatic channels in the dermis, aligning with a diagnosis of LC. The patient was treated with cryotherapy using liquid nitrogen, specifically targeting the translucent yellowish vesicles. The cryotherapy was administered in a series of eight sessions, each involving double freeze-thaw cycles, spaced out at two-week intervals. Following treatment, the patient's lesions regressed, indicating a favorable therapeutic outcome. The patient was followed up for nearly one year, during which no new lesions developed, suggesting the treatment's effectiveness in preventing recurrence. The complete resolution of lesions and absence of recurrence during follow-up indicate a good prognosis and successful response to cryotherapy. Scrotal LC, particularly the acquired form in adults without any precipitating factors, is extremely rare. This case underlines the need to include acquired LC in the diagnostic considerations when adult patients present with vesicular lesions on the scrotum, to ensure accurate diagnosis and subsequent proper treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amer A Alharbi
- Dermatology, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, SAU
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Xiang H, Meng S, Ye Y, Han L, He Y, Cui Y, Tan C, Ma J, Qi M, Li T. A molecular framework for lc controlled locule development of the floral meristem in tomato. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1249760. [PMID: 37680356 PMCID: PMC10482247 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1249760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Malformed tomato fruit with multiple locules is a common physiological disorder that significantly affects the quality of tomatoes. Research has shown that the occurrence of malformed fruit in tomatoes is closely linked to the number of locules, and two key QTLs, lc and fas, are involved in controlling this trait. It has been observed that lc has a relatively weaker effect on increasing locule number, which is associated with two SNPs in the CArG repressor element downstream of the SlWUS. However, the precise molecular mechanism underlying lc is not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the role of lc in tomato locule development. We found that the number of floral organs and fruit locules significantly increased in tomato lc knockout mutants. Additionally, these mutants showed higher expression levels of the SlWUS during carpel formation. Through cDNA library construction and yeast one-hybrid screening, we identified the MADS-box transcription factor SlSEP3, which was found to bind to lc. Furthermore, we observed an increase in floral organs and fruit locules similar to the lc CR plant on SlSEP3 silencing plants. However, it should be noted that the lc site is located after the 3' untranslated region (UTR) of SlWUS in the tomato genome. As a result, SlSEP3 may not be able to exert regulatory functions on the promoter of the gene like other transcription factors. In the yeast two-hybrid assay, we found that several histone deacetylases (SlHDA1, SlHDA3, SlHDA4, SlHDA5, SlHDA6, SlHDA7, and SlHDA8) can interact with SlSEP3. This indicated that SlSEP3 can recruit these proteins to repress nucleosome relaxation, thereby inhibiting SlWUS transcription and affecting the number of locules in tomato fruit. Therefore, our findings reveal a new mechanism for lc playing a significant role in the genetic pathway regulating tomato locule development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengzuo Xiang
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Affairs P. R. China, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Provincial Co-construction Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Sida Meng
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Affairs P. R. China, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Provincial Co-construction Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Yunzhu Ye
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Affairs P. R. China, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Provincial Co-construction Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Leilei Han
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Affairs P. R. China, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Provincial Co-construction Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Yi He
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Yiqing Cui
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
| | - Changhua Tan
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Affairs P. R. China, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Provincial Co-construction Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Jian Ma
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Affairs P. R. China, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Provincial Co-construction Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Mingfang Qi
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Affairs P. R. China, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Provincial Co-construction Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianlai Li
- College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design & Application Technology (Liaoning), Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Shenyang Agricultural University), Ministry of Education, Shenyang, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural, Affairs P. R. China, Shenyang, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Protected Vegetable Provincial Co-construction Surrounds Bohai Gulf Region, Shenyang, China
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Muacevic A, Adler JR, Waqas O, Waseem H, Abdelrahman AS, Almansouri M, Mulla N, Katib Y, Bakhsh SI, Basheikh M, Abusikkien SA, Karami MM, Al-Hajeili M, Elbasateeny SS. Accuracy of Classifying Lung Carcinoma Using Immunohistochemical Markers on Limited Biopsy Material: A Two-Center Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e32956. [PMID: 36712764 PMCID: PMC9875635 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.32956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Accurate classification of lung cancer into primary and metastatic carcinomas is critical for treatment approaches. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) has always been pivotal in unveiling the diverse cell differentiation lineages present in lung cancer by using specific biomarkers such as TTF1 and p63/p40, which closely reflect the relationship between genotype and phenotype.. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate 57 Tru-Cut biopsies over two years, from 2020-2022. Tumour morphology was evaluated, and IHC for TTF-1, Napsin A, CK-7, P-63, P-40, and CD-56 was performed in two steps. Results Of the lung cancer cases, 58.5% were adenocarcinoma (ADC), 24.5% were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 9.4% were small cell carcinoma, and 7.5% were poorly differentiated carcinoma. TTF1 stain had sensitivity and specificity of 78.9% and 50% in 33 cases of ADC, respectively, while CK7 and Napsin A had 100% sensitivity. P63 stain had 77% sensitivity and 50% specificity in 15 cases of SCC, while P-40 had 100% sensitivity. The CD56 stain was 100% sensitive in five cases of small cell carcinoma. Conclusion IHC staining on small lung biopsies allows accurate sub-classification of poorly differentiated lung cancers; however, there is still significant variability. Surgical resection specimens can be further classified due to architectural features that biopsies lack. Morphological findings would be beneficial in the development of an algorithm for sub-classifying lung carcinoma using a variety of markers.
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Jang TY, Dai CY. Cutoff values of protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II for diagnosing hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30936. [PMID: 36181046 PMCID: PMC9524990 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist II (PIVKA-II) is a promising serum marker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). There are limited data on its cutoff value in HCC for Taiwanese cirrhosis patients. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of PIVKA-II levels in patients with suspected HCC. In total, 88 patients with chronic hepatitis and suspected HCC by ultrasound, elevated α-fetoprotein (AFP) or PIVKA-II levels were consecutively enrolled. Their baseline characteristics and findings on dynamic phases of computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were examined. Sixty participants had cirrhosis and 34 had HCC. The median levels of PIVKA-II in non-cirrhosis and cirrhosis patients without or with HCC were 28.0, 48.0, and 847.0 mAU/mL, respectively. The optimal cutoff value of PIVKA-II in predicting HCC was 78.0 mAU/mL. Combining AFP with PIVKAII mildly increased its diagnostic performance for HCC, yielding higher specificity and positive predictive value. Significant factors predicting HCC in multivariate regression analysis were PIVKA >78.0 mAU/mL and fatty liver. Monitoring PIVKA-II level is suitable for noninvasively assessing HCC in patients with chronic hepatitis, particularly with AFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyng-Yuan Jang
- PhD Program of Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Ping-Tung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yen Dai
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Chia-Yen Dai, Hepatobiliary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, 100 Tzyou Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan (e-mail: )
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Gao MJ, Jiang ZL. Effects of the timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography on liver, bile, and inflammatory indices and cholecysto-choledocholithiasis patient prognoses. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2021; 76:e2189. [PMID: 33852651 PMCID: PMC8009063 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2021/e2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study explored the effects of the timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) on liver function, bile biochemical indices, inflammatory reactions, and cholecysto-choledocholithiasis patient prognoses. METHODS A total of 103 cholecysto-choledocholithiasis patients were stratified into control (CG; n=51; LC at 4-7 d after ERCP) and observation groups (OG; n=52; LC at 1-3 d after ERCP) using a random number table. RESULTS The surgical time was shorter and intraoperative blood loss was less in OG than in CG, and the two groups were not statistically different in terms of time to the first passage of gas through anus, length of postoperative hospital stay, conversion rate to laparotomy, and stone-free rate. Four weeks after LC, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total bilirubin (TBil), albumin (ALB), and glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) levels declined in both groups, but the difference was not statistically significant. Three days after LC, total bile acid (TBA) levels increased, and cholesterol (CHO), unconjugated bilirubin (UCB), and TBiL levels were reduced in both groups, but were not statistically different (p>0.05). Three days after LC, interleukin (IL)-6, procalcitonin (PCT), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in the serum and bile increased in both groups and were lower in OG. The total incidence of perioperative complications was 1.92% in OG, which was lower than 15.69% in the CG. CONCLUSION For cholecysto-choledocholithiasis patients, LC at 1-3 d after ERCP can shorten surgical times, reduce intraoperative blood loss, improve liver function and bile biochemistry, relieve inflammatory reactions, reduce complications, and improve prognoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Taizhou People’s Hospital, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhi-Lan Jiang
- Department of Immunization Program, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Hailing District, Taizhou City, Jiangsu Province, China
- *Corresponding author. E-mail:
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Zhu ZR, Liu WL, Ding ZM, Li Y. Efficacy of furosemide for treatment of liver cirrhosis: A systematic review protocol of randomized controlled trial. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15300. [PMID: 31008980 PMCID: PMC6494370 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous clinical studies have reported that furosemide can be used to treat liver cirrhosis (LC) effectively. However, no study systematically explored this issue. This systematic review aims to investigate the efficacy and safety of furosemide for treatment of LC. METHODS This study will be conducted through searching the following literature sources from their inception to February 28, 2019 without any language limitations: PUBMED, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, OpenGrey, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. In addition, reference lists of relevant reviews and websites of clinical trial registry will also be searched. Only randomized controlled trials of furosemide for treatment of LC will be included in this study. Two reviewers will independently select studies, collect data, and determine risk of bias. RevMan 5.3 software will be used to pool the data and to conduct meta-analysis if sufficient studies will be included with acceptable heterogeneity. RESULTS This study will investigate the efficacy and safety of furosemide for LC by the assessment of primary and secondary outcomes. The primary outcome includes mortality rate. The secondary outcomes consist of response rate, overall survival, body weight, urinary volume, quality of life, as measured by any relevant scales, and adverse events. CONCLUSION The results of this study may provide summarized evidence of furosemide for the treatment of LC. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION No individual patient data will be used in this study, thus no ethics approval is needed. The findings of this study will be published in peer-reviewed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yue Li
- Department of Nephrology, The Affiliated Hongqi Hospital of Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, China
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Gasparini F, Caicci F, Rigon F, Zaniolo G, Burighel P, Manni L. Cytodifferentiation of hair cells during the development of a basal chordate. Hear Res 2013; 304:188-99. [PMID: 23876523 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2013.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Tunicates are unique animals for studying the origin and evolution of vertebrates because they are considered vertebrates' closest living relatives and share the vertebrate body plan and many specific features. Both possess neural placodes, transient thickenings of the cranial ectoderm that give rise to various types of sensory cells, including axonless secondary mechanoreceptors. In vertebrates, these are represented by the hair cells of the inner ear and the lateral line, which have an apical apparatus typically bearing cilia and stereovilli. In tunicates, they are found in the coronal organ, which is a mechanoreceptor located at the base of the oral siphon along the border of the velum and tentacles and is formed of cells bearing a row of cilia and short microvilli. The coronal organ represents the best candidate homolog for the vertebrate lateral line. To further understand the evolution of secondary sensory cells, we analysed the development and cytodifferentiation of coronal cells in the tunicate ascidian Ciona intestinalis for the first time. Here, coronal sensory cells can be identified as early as larval metamorphosis, before tentacles form, as cells with short cilia and microvilli. Sensory cells gradually differentiate, acquiring hair cell features with microvilli containing actin and myosin VIIa; in the meantime, the associated supporting cells develop. The coronal organ grows throughout the animal's lifespan, accompanying the growth of the tentacle crown. Anti-phospho Histone H3 immunostaining indicates that both hair cells and supporting cells can proliferate. This finding contributes to the understanding of the evolution of secondary sensory cells, suggesting that both ancestral cell types were able to proliferate and that this property was progressively restricted to supporting cells in vertebrates and definitively lost in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Gasparini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, I-35121 Padova, Italy
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West CHK, Ritchie JC, Weiss JM. Paroxetine-induced increase in activity of locus coeruleus neurons in adolescent rats: implication of a countertherapeutic effect of an antidepressant. Neuropsychopharmacology 2010; 35:1653-63. [PMID: 20357759 PMCID: PMC2888691 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2010.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Revised: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The concern that antidepressant (AD) drugs, especially selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and paroxetine (PAR) in particular, can increase suicidality during the early treatment of juvenile patients (children and adolescents) has created a dilemma for clinicians treating depressives. Although preclinical research cannot resolve controversy in this area, our present findings may provide insight into how AD drugs might, under certain conditions, exacerbate rather than ameliorate the depressive state. Both clinical and preclinical evidences indicate that the principal noradrenergic cell group in the brain, the locus coeruleus (LC), is overactive in depressives and that, conversely, effective AD treatments decrease the activity of LC neurons. We report here that short-term (2 and 4 days) administration of PAR produces an increase in the activity of LC neurons (spontaneous firing rate and sensory-evoked responses) in young rats, contrary to the 'therapeutic' decrease in activity typically observed in adult rats. Blood levels of PAR were lower in young rats than in adult rats, although similar low blood levels produced by a lower dose of PAR in adult rats failed to produce an increase in LC activity. In addition, activity of young rats in the swim test was determined to assess depressive-like responses. The same dose/durations of PAR, which produced the largest increases in LC activity in young rats, produced decreases in swim-test activity, indicating that brief administration of PAR in young rats can promote, rather than reduce, the depressive state. These results offer a model that may help screen potential adjunctive treatments to avoid early adverse effects of ADs.
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Howard O, Carr GV, Hill TE, Valentino RJ, Lucki I. Differential blockade of CRF-evoked behaviors by depletion of norepinephrine and serotonin in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2008; 199:569-82. [PMID: 18516596 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-008-1179-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Central administration of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) elicits a specific pattern of behavioral responses resembling a stress-like state and is anxiogenic in rodent models of anxiety. OBJECTIVES Specific behaviors evoked by the administration of CRF were measured. The roles of CRF receptor subtypes and that of serotonergic and noradrenergic systems in mediating these responses were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS Burying, grooming, and head shakes were quantified in rats following intracerebroventricular administration of CRF and urocortin II and after pretreatment with antagonists. The role of forebrain norepinephrine in the behavioral responses to CRF (0.3 microg) was examined following pretreatment with the neurotoxin DSP-4 and that of serotonin after depletion using systemic administration of para-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA). RESULTS CRF at 0.3 and 3.0 microg caused robust increases in burying, grooming, and head shakes, but urocortin II was ineffective. Pretreatment with either antalarmin or propranolol significantly attenuated the CRF-evoked behaviors. Destruction of forebrain norepinephrine pathways blocked spontaneous burying behavior elicited by CRF and conditioned burying directed towards an electrified shock probe. In contrast, depletion of 5-HT selectively attenuated CRF-evoked grooming. CONCLUSIONS Overt behavioral responses produced by CRF, burying, grooming, and head shakes appeared to be mediated through the CRF(1) receptor. Spontaneous burying behavior evoked by CRF or conditioned burying directed towards a shock probe was disrupted by lesion of the dorsal noradrenergic bundle and may represent anxiety-like behavior caused by CRF activation of the locus ceruleus. In contrast, CRF-evoked increases in grooming were dependent on serotonin.
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Brichac J, Honzatko A, Picklo MJ. Direct and indirect high-performance liquid chromatography enantioseparation of trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid. J Chromatogr A 2007; 1149:305-11. [PMID: 17416373 PMCID: PMC2045064 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2006] [Revised: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 03/16/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
trans-4-Hydroxy-2-nonenoic acid (HNEA) is a marker of lipid peroxidation resulting from the metabolism of trans-4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE). Direct and indirect RP-HPLC methods for the separation of HNEA enantiomers were developed and compared. The indirect method involved pre-column derivatization with a chiral amino agent, (1S,2S)-(+)-2-amino-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-1,3-propanediol, and subsequent separation of diastereomers on a Spherisorb ODS2 column. The direct separation of HNEA enantiomers was performed using the chiral stationary phase, Chiralpak AD-RH. Validation parameters including limit of quantification, linear range, accuracy and precision were determined. The indirect separation method was successfully applied for the determination of enantiomeric ratio of HNEA in rat brain mitochondrial lysate, and showed that HNEA was formed (R)-enantioselectively from HNE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Brichac
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9024, USA
| | - Ales Honzatko
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9024, USA
| | - Matthew J. Picklo
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Therapeutics, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9024, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58203-9024, USA
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Ishimatsu M, Williams JT. Synchronous activity in locus coeruleus results from dendritic interactions in pericoerulear regions. J Neurosci 1996; 16:5196-204. [PMID: 8756448 PMCID: PMC6579296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Locus coeruleus (LC) neurons in brain slices from adult rats were studied using intracellular and extracellular recording to investigate synchronous activity. Spontaneous field potentials were recorded with extracellular electrodes in solutions containing tetraethylammonium chloride (10 mM) and BaCl2, (1 mM). These field potentials were found throughout but not outside the LC cell body region. No field potentials were observed in control solutions. Paired recordings showed that field potentials were synchronous in all areas of the LC. The synchronous activity was resistant to tetrodotoxin (1 microM) and to the neurotransmitter receptor blockers D-2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, bicuculline, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, idazoxan, and strychnine, suggesting that this activity was not synaptically driven. Field potentials were also synchronous with oscillations in membrane potential recorded with intracellular electrodes. The oscillations in membrane potential were 5-30 mV in amplitude and had a biphasic wave-form. Neither the frequency nor the waveform of the oscillations was dependent on the membrane potential. The glycynhetinic acid derivative carbenoxolone and intracellular acidification with CO2 disrupted synchronous activity, suggesting a role of electrotonic coupling. When the cell body region of the LC was isolated from the pericoerulear dendritic regions by sectioning the size rostral and caudal to the cell body region, synchronous activity was reduced or abolished. Dendritic interaction in the pericoerulear region was also indicated by improved voltage control of the opioid-induced potassium current, as indicated by a shift in the reversal potential to the potassium equilibrium potential. The results suggest that electrical interactions between dendrites outside the cell body region can account for synchronous activity within the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ishimatsu
- Vollum Institute, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland 97201, USA
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