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Li C, Wang ZX, Xiao H, Wu FG. Intestinal Delivery of Probiotics: Materials, Strategies, and Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2310174. [PMID: 38245861 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202310174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Probiotics with diverse and crucial properties and functions have attracted broad interest from many researchers, who adopt intestinal delivery of probiotics to modulate the gut microbiota. However, the major problems faced for the therapeutic applications of probiotics are the viability and colonization of probiotics during their processing, oral intake, and subsequent delivery to the gut. The challenges of simple oral delivery (stability, controllability, targeting, etc.) have greatly limited the use of probiotics in clinical therapies. Nanotechnology can endow the probiotics to be delivered to the intestine with improved survival rate and increased resistance to the adverse environment. Additionally, the progress in synthetic biology has created new opportunities for efficiently and purposefully designing and manipulating the probiotics. In this article, a brief overview of the types of probiotics for intestinal delivery, the current progress of different probiotic encapsulation strategies, including the chemical, physical, and genetic strategies and their combinations, and the emerging single-cell encapsulation strategies using nanocoating methods, is presented. The action mechanisms of probiotics that are responsible for eliciting beneficial effects are also briefly discussed. Finally, the therapeutic applications of engineered probiotics are discussed, and the future trends toward developing engineered probiotics with advanced features and improved health benefits are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals and Materials and Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Zi-Xi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China
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Cao Y, Zhang L, Xiong F, Guo X, Kan X, Song S, Liang B, Liang B, Yu L, Zheng C. Effect of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation in dirty rats with established primary liver cancer. Future Microbiol 2024; 19:117-129. [PMID: 37934064 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The modulating effects of probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) on gut flora and their direct antitumor effects remain unclear in dirty rats with established primary liver cancer. Materials & methods: Probiotics (VSL#3), FMT or tap water were administrated to three groups. Fresh fecal samples were collected from all groups for 16S rRNA analysis. Liver cancer tissues were collected to evaluate the tumor response. Results: Significant modulation of β-diversity (p = 0.023) was observed after FMT. VSL#3 and FMT had no inhibitory effect on tumors, but the density of Treg cells decreased (p = 0.031) in the FMT group. Conclusion: FMT is a more attractive alternative to probiotics in dirty rats with liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Cao
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Fu Xiong
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Xiaopeng Guo
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Xuefeng Kan
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Songlin Song
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Li Yu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
| | - Chuansheng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, Hubei, 430022, China
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Dinić M, Jakovljević S, Popović N, Radojević D, Veljović K, Golić N, Terzić-Vidojević A. Assessment of stability and bioactive compounds in yogurt containing novel natural starter cultures with the ability to promote longevity in Caenorhabditis elegans. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7447-7460. [PMID: 37641316 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Yogurt represent one of the oldest fermented foods containing viable lactic acid bacteria and many bioactive compounds that could exhibit beneficial effects on human health and train our immune system to better respond to invading pathogens. Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus are commonly used for yogurt preparation under controlled temperature and environmental conditions. In this study, we investigated probiotic features of S. thermophilus BGKMJ1-36 and L. bulgaricus BGVLJ1-21 strains isolated from artisanal sour milk and yogurt by using Caenorhabditis elegans as an in vivo model system. Further, we evaluated content of total fat, saturated fatty acids, proteins, and lactose, as well as vitamins and AA of yogurt prepared from above-mentioned starter cultures during 21 d of storage at 4°C to get insights of final product stability. We showed that S. thermophilus BGKMJ1-36 and L. bulgaricus BGVLJ1-21 strains applied in combination upregulated the expression of autophagy-related genes in C. elegans. Beside autophagy, we observed activation of TIR-1-dependent transcription of lysozyme-like antimicrobial genes involved in the immune defense of C. elegans. Upregulation of these genes strongly correlates with an increase in the longevity of the worms fed with yogurt culture bacteria. Further, we showed that yogurt prepared with S. thermophilus BGKMJ1-36 and L. bulgaricus BGVLJ1-21, as a final product, is rich with vitamin B2 and dominant AA known by their prolongevity properties. Taken together, our study pointed to the beneficial features of the tested starter cultures and yogurt and highlighted their potential to be used as a fermented food with added-value properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslav Dinić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia.
| | - Stefan Jakovljević
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Nikola Popović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Dušan Radojević
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Katarina Veljović
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Nataša Golić
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia
| | - Amarela Terzić-Vidojević
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Vojvode Stepe 444a, 11042 Belgrade 152, Serbia.
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Son YS, Kwon M, Son N, Kim SK, Son MY. Multilayer Coating with Red Ginseng Dietary Fiber Improves Intestinal Adhesion and Proliferation of Probiotics in Human Intestinal Epithelial Models. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 33:1309-1316. [PMID: 37528560 PMCID: PMC10619547 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2305.05013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
To exert their beneficial effects, it is essential for the commensal bacteria of probiotic supplements to be sufficiently protected as they pass through the low pH environment of the stomach, and effectively colonize the intestinal epithelium downstream. Here, we investigated the effect of a multilayer coating containing red ginseng dietary fiber, on the acid tolerance, and the adhesion and proliferation capacities of three Lactobacillus strains (Limosilactobacillus reuteri KGC1901, Lacticaseibacillus casei KGC1201, Limosilactobacillus fermentum KGC1601) isolated from Panax ginseng, using HT-29 cells, mucin-coated plates, and human pluripotent stem cell-derived intestinal epithelial cells as in vitro models of human gut physiology. We observed that the multilayer-coated strains displayed improved survival rates after passage through gastric juice, as well as high adhesion and proliferation capacities within the various gut epithelial systems tested, compared to their uncoated counterparts. Our findings demonstrated that the multilayer coat effectively protected commensal microbiota and led to improved adhesion and colonization of intestinal epithelial cells, and consequently to higher probiotic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Seul Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Kwon
- Laboratory of Efficacy Research, Korea ginseng Corporation, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea
| | - Naeun Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Kim
- Laboratory of Efficacy Research, Korea ginseng Corporation, Daejeon 34128, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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5
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McCuaig B, Goto Y. Immunostimulating Commensal Bacteria and Their Potential Use as Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15644. [PMID: 37958628 PMCID: PMC10647581 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome is intimately intertwined with the host immune system, having effects on the systemic immune system. Dysbiosis of the gut microbiome has been linked not only to gastrointestinal disorders but also conditions of the skin, lungs, and brain. Commensal bacteria can affect the immune status of the host through a stimulation of the innate immune system, training of the adaptive immune system, and competitive exclusion of pathogens. Commensal bacteria improve immune response through the production of immunomodulating compounds such as microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs), short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and secondary bile acids. The microbiome, especially when in dysbiosis, is plastic and can be manipulated through the introduction of beneficial bacteria or the adjustment of nutrients to stimulate the expansion of beneficial taxa. The complex nature of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) ecosystem complicates the use of these methods, as similar treatments have various results in individuals with different residential microbiomes and differential health statuses. A more complete understanding of the interaction between commensal species, host genetics, and the host immune system is needed for effective microbiome interventions to be developed and implemented in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonita McCuaig
- Project for Host-Microbial Interactions in Symbiosis and Pathogenesis, Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Goto
- Project for Host-Microbial Interactions in Symbiosis and Pathogenesis, Division of Molecular Immunology, Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
- Division of Pandemic and Post-Disaster Infectious Diseases, Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
- Division of Infectious Disease Vaccine R&D, Research Institute of Disaster Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
- Chiba University Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development (cSIMVa), Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
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6
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Sabit H, Kassab A, Alaa D, Mohamed S, Abdel-Ghany S, Mansy M, Said OA, Khalifa MA, Hafiz H, Abushady AM. The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on the Gut-Brain Axis in Psychiatric Patients. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:4080-4099. [PMID: 37232729 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45050260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiology of several psychiatric diseases may entail disturbances in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and metabolic pathways. Variations in how these effects present themselves may be connected to individual variances in clinical symptoms and treatment responses, such as the observation that a significant fraction of participants do not respond to current antipsychotic drugs. A bidirectional signaling pathway between the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract is known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The large and small intestines contain more than 100 trillion microbial cells, contributing to the intestinal ecosystem's incredible complexity. Interactions between the microbiota and intestinal epithelium can alter brain physiology and affect mood and behavior. There has recently been a focus on how these relationships impact mental health. According to evidence, intestinal microbiota may play a role in neurological and mental illnesses. Intestinal metabolites of microbial origin, such as short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites, and bacterial components that might stimulate the host's immune system, are mentioned in this review. We aim to shed some on the growing role of gut microbiota in inducing/manipulating several psychiatric disorders, which may pave the way for novel microbiota-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Sabit
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Areej Kassab
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Donia Alaa
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Shaza Mohamed
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Mansy
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama A Said
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza P.O. Box 77, Egypt
| | - Mona A Khalifa
- Faculty of Art and Science, Samtah, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Halah Hafiz
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Factually of Applied Medical Science, Umm Alqura University, Mecca 24382, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asmaa M Abushady
- School of Biotechnology, Nile University, Giza 41516, Egypt
- Genetic Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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Liu S, Cheng L, Liu Y, Zhan S, Wu Z, Zhang X. Relationship between Dietary Polyphenols and Gut Microbiota: New Clues to Improve Cognitive Disorders, Mood Disorders and Circadian Rhythms. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061309. [PMID: 36981235 PMCID: PMC10048542 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive, mood and sleep disorders are common and intractable disorders of the central nervous system, causing great inconvenience to the lives of those affected. The gut-brain axis plays a vital role in studying neurological disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases by acting as a channel for a bidirectional information exchange between the gut microbiota and the nervous system. Dietary polyphenols have received widespread attention because of their excellent biological activity and their wide range of sources, structural diversity and low toxicity. Dietary intervention through the increased intake of dietary polyphenols is an emerging strategy for improving circadian rhythms and treating metabolic disorders. Dietary polyphenols have been shown to play an essential role in regulating intestinal flora, mainly by maintaining the balance of the intestinal flora and enhancing host immunity, thereby suppressing neurodegenerative pathologies. This paper reviewed the bidirectional interactions between the gut microbiota and the brain and their effects on the central nervous system, focusing on dietary polyphenols that regulate circadian rhythms and maintain the health of the central nervous system through the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Lu Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Shengnan Zhan
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zufang Wu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Liang D, Wu F, Zhou D, Tan B, Chen T. Commercial probiotic products in public health: current status and potential limitations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-22. [PMID: 36688290 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2169858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of commercial probiotics for health improvement and disease treatment has increased in popularity among the public in recent years. The local shops and pharmacies are brimming with various probiotic products such as probiotic food, dietary supplement and pharmaceuticals that herald a range of health benefits, from nutraceutical benefits to pharmaceutical effects. However, although the probiotic market is expanding rapidly, there is increasing evidence challenging it. Emerging insights from microbiome research and public health demonstrate several potential limitations of the natural properties, regulatory frameworks, and market consequences of commercial probiotics. In this review, we highlight the potential safety and performance issues of the natural properties of commercial probiotics, from the genetic level to trait characteristics and probiotic properties and further to the probiotic-host interaction. Besides, the diverse regulatory frameworks and confusing probiotic guidelines worldwide have led to product consequences such as pathogenic contamination, overstated claims, inaccurate labeling and counterfeit trademarks for probiotic products. Here, we propose a plethora of available methods and strategies related to strain selection and modification, safety and efficacy assessment, and some recommendations for regulatory agencies to address these limitations to guarantee sustainability and progress in the probiotic industry and improve long-term public health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingfa Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Dexi Zhou
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Buzhen Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Dietary Complex Probiotic Supplementation Changed the Composition of Intestinal Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Improved the Average Daily Gain of Growing Pigs. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10020079. [PMID: 36851383 PMCID: PMC9965097 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10020079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
At present, probiotics are being extensively evaluated for their efficacy as an alternative to antibiotics, and their safety in livestock production. In this study, 128 (Duroc, Yorkshire and Landrace) pigs with an average initial body weight of 28.38 ± 0.25 kg were allocated to four dietary treatments in a randomized complete-block design. There were eight pens per treatment, with four pigs per pen (two barrows and two gilts). Dietary treatments included: (1) control diet; (2) control diet + 0.05% complex probiotic; (3) control diet + 0.1% complex probiotic; (4) control diet + 0.2% complex probiotic. During the 28-day experimental period, the feeding of 0.1% complex probiotic in the diet increased body weight and average daily gain (p < 0.05). The addition of complex probiotics decreased total cholesterol and glucose concentrations in the blood (p < 0.01). Acetate concentrations in the blood increased from 0.1% complex probiotic in the diet (p < 0.05), while NH3 and H2S emissions in the feces decreased (p < 0.05) from 0.1% or 0.2% complex probiotic in the diet. In conclusion, dietary complex probiotic supplementation changed the composition of intestinal short-chain fatty acids and improved growth performance for growing pigs.
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Does the Gut Microbial Metabolome Really Matter? The Connection between GUT Metabolome and Neurological Disorders. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193967. [PMID: 36235622 PMCID: PMC9571089 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein we gathered updated knowledge regarding the alterations of gut microbiota (dysbiosis) and its correlation with human neurodegenerative and brain-related diseases, e.g., Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s. This review underlines the importance of gut-derived metabolites and gut metabolic status as the main players in gut-brain crosstalk and their implications on the severity of neural conditions. Scientific evidence indicates that the administration of probiotic bacteria exerts beneficial and protective effects as reduced systemic inflammation, neuroinflammation, and inhibited neurodegeneration. The experimental results performed on animals, but also human clinical trials, show the importance of designing a novel microbiota-based probiotic dietary supplementation with the aim to prevent or ease the symptoms of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases or other forms of dementia or neurodegeneration.
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Lei C, Gong D, Zhuang B, Zhang Z. Alterations in the gastric microbiota and metabolites in gastric cancer: An update review. Front Oncol 2022; 12:960281. [PMID: 36081564 PMCID: PMC9445122 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.960281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide. Numerous studies have shown that the gastric microbiota can contribute to the occurrence and development of GC by generating harmful microbial metabolites, suggesting the possibility of discovering biomarkers. Metabolomics has emerged as an advanced promising analytical method for the analysis of microbiota-derived metabolites, which have greatly accelerated our understanding of host-microbiota metabolic interactions in GC. In this review, we briefly compiled recent research progress on the changes of gastric microbiota and its metabolites associated with GC. And we further explored the application of metabolomics and gastric microbiome association analysis in the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of GC.
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12
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Chen X, Wang N, Wang J, Liao B, Cheng L, Ren B. The interactions between oral-gut axis microbiota and Helicobacter pylori. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:914418. [PMID: 35992177 PMCID: PMC9381925 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.914418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human body, each microbial habitat exhibits a different microbial population pattern, and these distinctive microflorae are highly related to the development of diseases. The microbial interactions from host different niches are becoming crucial regulators to shape the microbiota and their physiological or pathological functions. The oral cavity and gut are the most complex and interdependent microbial habitats. Helicobacter pylori is one of the most important pathogens from digestive tract, especially the stomach, due to its direct relationships with many gastric diseases including gastric cancer. H. pylori infections can destroy the normal gastric environment and make the stomach a livable channel to enhance the microbial interactions between oral cavity and gut, thus reshaping the oral and gut microbiomes. H. pylori can be also detected in the oral and gut, while the interaction between the oral-gut axis microbiota and H. pylori plays a major role in H. pylori’s colonization, infection, and pathogenicity. Both the infection and eradication of H. pylori and its interaction with oral-gut axis microbiota can alter the balance of the microecology of the oral-gut axis, which can affect the occurrence and progress of related diseases. The shift of oral-gut axis microbiota and their interactions with H. pylori maybe potential targets for H. pylori infectious diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binyou Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Cheng, ; Biao Ren,
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Cheng, ; Biao Ren,
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13
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The Influence of Dietary Factors on the Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10071368. [PMID: 35889087 PMCID: PMC9318379 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that diet influences the relationship between gut microbiota and individual health outcomes. Nutrient intake affects the composition of the gut microbial community and provides metabolites that influence the host physiology. Dietary patterns, including macronutrient balance and feeding/fasting cycles which may be manipulated with dietary regimens based on caloric restriction periods, influence the gut homeostasis through its impact on the microbial ecosystem. Along the same line, prebiotic and probiotic ingredients and additives in foods, as well as the degree of food processing have consequences on gut microbiota and the related immune and metabolic response of the human host. Acquiring knowledge of these aspects, especially through an -omics-integral approach, might provide the basis for personalized nutritional interventions directed to avoid dysbiosis and contribute to the prevention of major chronic degenerative diseases. Despite vast scientific evidence supporting the relationship between dietary factors and gut microbiota composition and function, the underlying mechanisms and their potential impact are far from clear. There is a lack of well-designed longitudinal studies performed in target population groups whose dietary patterns can be particularly relevant for their future health, as is the case in infants, pregnant women, or athletes.
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14
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Rahim MA, Seo H, Kim S, Tajdozian H, Barman I, Lee Y, Lee S, Song HY. In vitro anti-tuberculosis effect of probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus PMC203 isolated from vaginal microbiota. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8290. [PMID: 35585245 PMCID: PMC9116076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12413-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), the etiological agent of tuberculosis (TB), poses a severe challenge for public health and remains the number one cause of death as a single infectious agent. There are 10 million active cases of TB per year with 1.5 million deaths, and 2-3 billion people are estimated to harbor latent M. tb infection. Moreover, the emergence of multi-drug-resistant (MDR), extremely-drug-resistant (XDR), and the recent totally drug-resistant (TDR) M. tb is becoming a global issue that has fueled the need to find new drugs different from existing regimens. In these circumstances, probiotics can be a potential choice, so we focused on developing them as an anti-tuberculosis drug candidate. Here, we report the anti-tubercular activities of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus PMC203 isolated from the vaginal microbiota of healthy women. PMC203 exhibited a promising intracellular killing effect against both drug-sensitive and resistant M. tb infected murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 without showing any cytotoxicity. Additionally, it also inhibited the growth of M. tb under broth culture medium. PMC203 did not cause weight change or specific clinical symptoms in a 2-week repeated oral administration toxicity test in a guinea pig model. Here, we also found that PMC203 induces autophagy in a dose dependent manner by increasing the signal of well-known autophagy gene markers, suggesting a possible intracellular killing mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abdur Rahim
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Chungnam, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Hoonhee Seo
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Sukyung Kim
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Hanieh Tajdozian
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Chungnam, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Indrajeet Barman
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Chungnam, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Youngkyoung Lee
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Chungnam, Korea.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Saebim Lee
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Chungnam, Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Soonchunhyang University, Asan, 31538, Chungnam, Korea. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, 31151, Chungnam, Korea.
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15
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Eroğlu FE, Sanlier N. Effect of fermented foods on some neurological diseases, microbiota, behaviors: mini review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:8066-8082. [PMID: 35317694 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2053060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Fermented foods are among the traditional foods consumed for centuries. In recent years, awareness of fermented foods has been increasing due to their positive health benefits. Fermented foods contain beneficial microorganisms. Fermented foods, such as kefir, kimchi, sauerkraut, and yoghurt, contain Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), such as Lactobacilli, Bifidobacteria, and their primary metabolites (lactic acid). Although studies on the effect of consumption of fermented foods on diabetes, cardiovascular, obesity, gastrointestinal diseases on chronic diseases have been conducted, more studies are needed regarding the relationship between neurological diseases and microbiota. There are still unexplored mechanisms in the relationship between the brain and intestine. In this review, we answer how the consumption of fermented foods affects the brain and behavior of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis disease, stroke, and gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Elif Eroğlu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Ankara Medipol University, Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nevin Sanlier
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Ankara Medipol University, Altındağ, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Gao X, Wang Z, Li X, Zhang X, Du S, Jia M, Hu D, Jia X, Cong B, Zhang Y, Ma C, Zhou S, Zhang J. A new Lactobacillus gasseri strain HMV18 inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria. FOOD SCIENCE AND HUMAN WELLNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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17
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Zhao Q, Shi Q, Zhu Q, Hu Y, Zhang X. A mini-review of advances in intestinal flora and necrotizing enterocolitis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:2-9. [PMID: 35138661 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a digestive disease that frequently occurs in premature infants with low gestational age and low birth weight, and seriously threatens the life of NEC patients. NEC pathogenesis is recognized to be affected by multiple factors, such as preterm birth, formula feeding, and low birth weight. As a popular object for the past decades, intestinal flora is commonly used in NEC-related studies, and intestinal disorder is considered as a critical risk factor for the occurrence and development of NEC. The colonization of abnormal microbiota into gastrointestinal micro-ecosystem can easily lead to the damage of intestinal mucosal barrier, destruction of immune function, inflammatory reaction, and further the occurrence of NEC. Although it is a low-cost and safe way to prevent and treat the NEC by early intervention of oral probiotics to regulate the intestinal homeostasis, more studies in the future are still encouraged to narrow the gap between theoretical guidance and practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhao
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiwei Shi
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environment Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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18
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Lan H, Liu WH, Zheng H, Feng H, Zhao W, Hung WL, Li H. Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 protects mice with osteoporosis caused by colitis via gut inflammation and gut microbiota regulation. Food Funct 2022; 13:1482-1494. [PMID: 35060590 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02218k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease or related conditions also frequently suffer from osteoporosis as a consequence of changes in the intestinal microenvironment and consequent dysbiosis. We hypothesized that anti-inflammatory probiotic treatment would be sufficient to alleviate intestinal inflammation and thereby prevent the development of osteoporosis. To that end, the ability of Bifidobacterium lactis BL-99 administration to protect against bone loss in an experimental model of dextran sodium sulfate-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) was analyzed, and the underlying molecular mechanisms were interrogated in detail. The results of these analyses revealed that BL-99 administration suppressed colitis-associated weight loss (P < 0.05), disease activity index scores, and the production of proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17) (P < 0.05). Colon tissue pathological sections similarly revealed BL-99-mediated reductions in tissue injury severity. Micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) analyses further exhibited significant improvements in percent bone volume (BV/TV) as well as trabecular number and thickness in BL-99-treated animals (P < 0.05). Such probiotic supplementation also resulted in pronounced changes in the composition of the gut microbiota. Moreover, BL-99 intervention markedly increased the expression of intestinal barrier-related proteins (Claudin-1, MUC2, ZO-1, and Occludin). Together, these results suggest that BL-99 can be utilized as a beneficial probiotic preparation to prevent the incidence of osteoporosis in UC patients owing to its ability to shape the intestinal microflora and to suppress inflammatory cytokine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Lan
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Wei-Hsien Liu
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Hanying Zheng
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
| | - Haotian Feng
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Wen Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Wei-Lian Hung
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Hongwei Li
- School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, Fujian, China.
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19
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Suda K, Matsuda K. How Microbes Affect Depression: Underlying Mechanisms via the Gut-Brain Axis and the Modulating Role of Probiotics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031172. [PMID: 35163104 PMCID: PMC8835211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiome influences the brain functions and psychological state of its host via the gut-brain axis, and gut dysbiosis has been linked to several mental illnesses, including major depressive disorder (MDD). Animal experiments have shown that a depletion of the gut microbiota leads to behavioral changes, and is associated with pathological changes, including abnormal stress response and impaired adult neurogenesis. Short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate are known to contribute to the up-regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and gut dysbiosis causes decreased levels of BDNF, which could affect neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. Increased gut permeability causes an influx of gut microbial components such as lipopolysaccharides, and the resultant systemic inflammation may lead to neuroinflammation in the central nervous system. In light of the fact that gut microbial factors contribute to the initiation and exacerbation of depressive symptoms, this review summarizes the current understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in MDD onset, and discusses the therapeutic potential of probiotics, including butyrate-producing bacteria, which can mediate the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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20
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Ghadaksaz A, Nodoushan SM, Sedighian H, Behzadi E, Fooladi AAI. Evaluation of the Role of Probiotics As a New Strategy to Eliminate Microbial Toxins: a Review. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:224-237. [PMID: 35031968 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-021-09893-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are living microorganisms that have favorable effects on human and animal health. The most usual types of microorganisms recruited as probiotics are lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bifidobacteria. To date, numerous utilizations of probiotics have been reported. In this paper, it is suggested that probiotic bacteria can be recruited to remove and degrade different types of toxins such as mycotoxins and algal toxins that damage host tissues and the immune system causing local and systemic infections. These microorganisms can remove toxins by disrupting, changing the permeability of the plasma membrane, producing metabolites, inhibiting the protein translation, hindering the binding to GTP binding proteins to GM1 receptors, or by preventing the interaction between toxins and adhesions. Here, we intend to review the mechanisms that probiotic bacteria use to eliminate and degrade microbial toxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolamir Ghadaksaz
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Mousavi Nodoushan
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Vanak Sq. Molasadra St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Sedighian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Vanak Sq. Molasadra St, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-E-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Vanak Sq. Molasadra St, Tehran, Iran.
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21
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Knowledge, awareness, and socio-demographic assessment of probiotics, obesity and diabetes. INFORMATICS IN MEDICINE UNLOCKED 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imu.2022.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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22
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Abstract
Several products consist of probiotics that are available in markets, and their potential uses are growing day by day, mainly because some strains of probiotics promote the health of gut microbiota, especially Furmicutes and Bacteroidetes, and may prevent certain gastrointestinal tract (GIT) problems. Some common diseases are inversely linked with the consumption of probiotics, i.e., obesity, type 2 diabetes, autism, osteoporosis, and some immunological disorders, for which the disease progression gets delayed. In addition to disease mitigating properties, these microbes also improve oral, nutritional, and intestinal health, followed by a robust defensive mechanism against particular gut pathogens, specifically by antimicrobial substances and peptides producing probiotics (AMPs). All these positive attributes of probiotics depend upon the type of microbial strains dispensed. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Bifidobacteria are the most common microbes used, but many other microbes are available, and their use depends upon origin and health-promoting properties. This review article focuses on the most common probiotics, their health benefits, and the alleviating mechanisms against chronic kidney diseases (CKD), type 1 diabetes (T1D), type 2 diabetes (T2D), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and obesity.
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23
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Probiotics Regulate Gut Microbiota: An Effective Method to Improve Immunity. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196076. [PMID: 34641619 PMCID: PMC8512487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are beneficial active microorganisms that colonize the human intestines and change the composition of the flora in particular parts of the host. Recently, the use of probiotics to regulate intestinal flora to improve host immunity has received widespread attention. Recent evidence has shown that probiotics play significant roles in gut microbiota composition, which can inhibit the colonization of pathogenic bacteria in the intestine, help the host build a healthy intestinal mucosa protective layer, and enhance the host immune system. Based on the close relationship between the gut microbiota and human immunity, it has become an extremely effective way to improve human immunity by regulating the gut microbiome with probiotics. In this review, we discussed the influence of probiotics on the gut microbiota and human immunity, and the relationship between immunity, probiotics, gut microbiota, and life quality. We further emphasized the regulation of gut microflora through probiotics, thereby enhancing human immunity and improving people’s lives.
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24
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Gut microbiome diversity mediates the association between right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anxiety level. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:397-405. [PMID: 34554317 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fast growing interest in the impact of microbiome-gut-brain interaction on regulating emotional behavior in animals, the underlying mechanisms on how brain anatomy together with gut microbiotic condition jointly influence emotional state in healthy human volunteers remain largely unknown and hypothetic. Here, high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging data, stool samples, and psychological assessment results on anxiety level were collected from 61 healthy adults. Voxel-based morphometry was used to assess gray matter (GM) volumes, whereas 16s rRNA gene sequencing was used for bacterial classification. Correlation and mediation analysis were conducted to quantify the relationships among regional GM volume, gut microbiome diversity, and anxiety level. We observed that anxiety level was negatively correlated with GM volume in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and alpha diversity index of gut microbiome. Additional mediation analysis revealed the indirect effect of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex GM volume on anxiety level via gut microbiome diversity. Our findings provide potential evidence of the microbiome-gut-brain interactions and their association with anxiety, highlighting gut microbiome diversity as a mediator that influences the relationship between brain morphometry and anxiety level.
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25
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Nouioui I, Dye T. Heat-killed Mycolicibacterium aurum Aogashima: An environmental nonpathogenic actinobacteria under development as a safe novel food ingredient. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:4839-4854. [PMID: 34531996 PMCID: PMC8441333 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last few decades, a wealth of evidence has formed the basis for "the Old Friends hypothesis" suggesting that, in contrast to the past, increasingly people are living in environments with limited and less diverse microbial exposure, with potential consequences for their health. Hence, including safe live or heat-killed microbes in the diet may be beneficial in promoting and maintaining human health. In order to assess the safety of microbes beyond the current use of standardized cultures and probiotic supplements, new approaches are being developed. Here, we present evidence for the safety of heat-killed Mycolicibacterium aurum Aogashima as a novel food, utilizing the decision tree approach developed by Pariza and colleagues (2015). We provide evidence that the genome of M. aurum Aogashima is free of (1) genetic elements associated with pathogenicity or toxigenicity, (2) transferable antibiotic resistance gene DNA, and (3) genes coding for antibiotics used in human or veterinary medicine. Moreover, a 90-day oral toxicity study in rats showed that (4) the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) was the highest concentration tested, namely 2000 μg/kg BW/day. We conclude that oral consumption of heat-killed M. aurum Aogashima is safe and warrants further evaluation as a novel food ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Nouioui
- Devonshire BuildingNewcastle University School of Natural and Environmental SciencesNewcastle Upon TyneUnited Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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26
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Gunathilake M, Lee JH, Choi IJ, Kim YI, Kim JS. Effect of the Interaction between Dietary Patterns and the Gastric Microbiome on the Risk of Gastric Cancer. Nutrients 2021; 13:2692. [PMID: 34444852 PMCID: PMC8401549 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to observe the combined effects of Gaussian graphical model (GGM)-derived dietary patterns and the gastric microbiome on the risk of gastric cancer (GC) in a Korean population. The study included 268 patients with GC and 288 healthy controls. Food intake was assessed using a 106-item semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire. GGMs were applied to derive dietary pattern networks. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using DNA extracted from gastric biopsy samples. The fruit pattern network was inversely associated with the risk of GC for the highest vs. lowest tertiles in the total population (odds ratio (OR): 0.47; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.28-0.77; p for trend = 0.003) and in females (OR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.17-0.83; p for trend = 0.021). Males who had a low microbial dysbiosis index (MDI) and high vegetable and seafood pattern score showed a significantly reduced risk of GC (OR: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.22-0.91; p-interaction = 0.021). Females who had a low MDI and high dairy pattern score showed a significantly reduced risk of GC (OR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.07-0.76; p-interaction = 0.018). Our novel findings revealed that vegetable and seafood pattern might interact with dysbiosis to attenuate the risk of GC in males, whereas the dairy pattern might interact with dysbiosis to reduce the GC risk in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhawa Gunathilake
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.G.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Jeong-Hee Lee
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.G.); (J.-H.L.)
| | - Il-Ju Choi
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (I.-J.C.); (Y.-I.K.)
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Center for Gastric Cancer, National Cancer Center Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (I.-J.C.); (Y.-I.K.)
| | - Jeong-Seon Kim
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang-si 10408, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; (M.G.); (J.-H.L.)
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27
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Methyltransferase-directed orthogonal tagging and sequencing of miRNAs and bacterial small RNAs. BMC Biol 2021; 19:129. [PMID: 34158037 PMCID: PMC8220740 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01053-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted installation of designer chemical moieties on biopolymers provides an orthogonal means for their visualisation, manipulation and sequence analysis. Although high-throughput RNA sequencing is a widely used method for transcriptome analysis, certain steps, such as 3′ adapter ligation in strand-specific RNA sequencing, remain challenging due to structure- and sequence-related biases introduced by RNA ligases, leading to misrepresentation of particular RNA species. Here, we remedy this limitation by adapting two RNA 2′-O-methyltransferases from the Hen1 family for orthogonal chemo-enzymatic click tethering of a 3′ sequencing adapter that supports cDNA production by reverse transcription of the tagged RNA. Results We showed that the ssRNA-specific DmHen1 and dsRNA-specific AtHEN1 can be used to efficiently append an oligonucleotide adapter to the 3′ end of target RNA for sequencing library preparation. Using this new chemo-enzymatic approach, we identified miRNAs and prokaryotic small non-coding sRNAs in probiotic Lactobacillus casei BL23. We found that compared to a reference conventional RNA library preparation, methyltransferase-Directed Orthogonal Tagging and RNA sequencing, mDOT-seq, avoids misdetection of unspecific highly-structured RNA species, thus providing better accuracy in identifying the groups of transcripts analysed. Our results suggest that mDOT-seq has the potential to advance analysis of eukaryotic and prokaryotic ssRNAs. Conclusions Our findings provide a valuable resource for studies of the RNA-centred regulatory networks in Lactobacilli and pave the way to developing novel transcriptome and epitranscriptome profiling approaches in vitro and inside living cells. As RNA methyltransferases share the structure of the AdoMet-binding domain and several specific cofactor binding features, the basic principles of our approach could be easily translated to other AdoMet-dependent enzymes for the development of modification-specific RNA-seq techniques. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01053-w.
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28
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Dell’Anno M, Callegari ML, Reggi S, Caprarulo V, Giromini C, Spalletta A, Coranelli S, Sgoifo Rossi CA, Rossi L. Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri as Functional Feed Additives to Prevent Diarrhoea in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061766. [PMID: 34204784 PMCID: PMC8231520 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing global concern. Effective alternatives that could replace and reduce antimicrobial treatments in farming have therefore become crucial for animal, human and environmental health. In swine farming, weaning is a stressful phase where piglets can develop multifactorial enteric disorders that require antibiotic treatments. Functional nutrition could thus represent a valuable alternative to reduce and tackle antibiotic resistance. This study assesses the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri on in-feed supplementation in weaned piglets. After weaning, piglets were allotted to four experimental groups fed a basal diet (CTRL) and a basal diet supplemented with 2 × 108 CFU/g of L. plantarum (PLA), L. reuteri and a combination of the two strains (P+R) for 28 days. Zootechnical performance and diarrhoea occurrence were recorded. Microbiological and serum metabolism analyses of faeces and blood samples were performed. Supplemented groups with lactobacilli showed a lower occurrence of diarrhoea and improved faecal consistency compared to the control. The PLA group registered the lowest diarrhoea frequency during the 28-day experimental period. The results suggest that dietary administration of L. plantarum and L. reuteri could prevent the occurrence of diarrhoea in weaned piglets. Abstract The effects of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus reuteri and their combination were assessed in weaned piglets. Three hundred and fifty weaned piglets (Landrace × Large White), balanced in terms of weight and sex, were randomly allotted to four experimental groups (25 pens, 14 piglets/pen). Piglets were fed a basal control diet (CTRL, six pens) and a treatment diet supplemented with 2 × 108 CFU/g of L. plantarum (PLA, 6 pens), 2 × 108 CFU/g L. reuteri (REU, six pens) and the combination of both bacterial strains (1 × 108 CFU/g of L. plantarum combined with 1 × 108 CFU/g of L. reuteri, P+R, 7 pens) for 28 days. Body weight and feed intake were recorded weekly. Diarrhoea occurrence was assessed weekly by the faecal score (0–3; considering diarrhoea ≥ 2). At 0 and 28 days, faecal samples were obtained from four piglets per pen for microbiological analyses and serum samples were collected from two piglets per pen for serum metabolic profiling. Treatments significantly reduced diarrhoea occurrence and decreased the average faecal score (0.94 ± 0.08 CTRL, 0.31 ± 0.08 PLA, 0.45 ± 0.08 REU, 0.27 ± 0.08 P+R; p < 0.05). The PLA group registered the lowest number of diarrhoea cases compared to other groups (20 cases CTRL, 5 cases PLA, 8 cases REU, 10 cases P+R; p < 0.01). After 28 days, the globulin serum level increased in PLA compared to the other groups (24.91 ± 1.09 g/L CTRL, 28.89 ± 1.03 g/L PLA, 25.91 ± 1.03 g/L REU, 25.31 ± 1.03 g/L P+R; p < 0.05). L. plantarum and L. reuteri could thus be considered as interesting functional additives to prevent diarrhoea occurrence in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Dell’Anno
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni” (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (C.G.); (C.A.S.R.); (L.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Luisa Callegari
- Department for Sustainable Food Process, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Serena Reggi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni” (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (C.G.); (C.A.S.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Valentina Caprarulo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine (DMMT), Università degli Studi di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Carlotta Giromini
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni” (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (C.G.); (C.A.S.R.); (L.R.)
| | | | | | - Carlo Angelo Sgoifo Rossi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni” (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (C.G.); (C.A.S.R.); (L.R.)
| | - Luciana Rossi
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety “Carlo Cantoni” (VESPA), Università degli Studi di Milano, 26900 Lodi, Italy; (S.R.); (C.G.); (C.A.S.R.); (L.R.)
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Średnicka P, Juszczuk-Kubiak E, Wójcicki M, Akimowicz M, Roszko MŁ. Probiotics as a biological detoxification tool of food chemical contamination: A review. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112306. [PMID: 34058235 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, people are exposed to diverse environmental and chemical pollutants produced by industry and agriculture. Food contaminations such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), heavy metals, and mycotoxins are a serious concern for global food safety with economic and public health implications especially in the newly industrialized countries (NIC). Mounting evidence indicates that chronic exposure to food contaminants referred to as xenobiotics exert a negative effect on human health such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and intestinal disorders linked with perturbation of the composition and metabolic profile of the gut microflora. Although the physicochemical technologies for food decontamination are utilized in many cases but require adequate conditions which are often not feasible to be met in many industrial sectors. At present, one promising approach to reduce the risk related to the presence of xenobiotics in foodstuffs is a biological detoxification done by probiotic strains and their enzymes. Many studies confirmed that probiotics are an effective, feasible, and inexpensive tool for preventing xenobiotic-induced dysbiosis and alleviating their toxicity. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the direct mechanisms by which probiotics can influence the detoxification of xenobiotics. Moreover, probiotic-xenobiotic interactions with the gut microbiota and the host response were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Średnicka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Juszczuk-Kubiak
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Michał Wójcicki
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Akimowicz
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Engineering, Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology, State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Ł Roszko
- Department of Food Safety and Chemical Analysis, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Street, Warsaw, Poland.
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Otaka M, Kikuchi-Hayakawa H, Ogura J, Ishikawa H, Yomogida Y, Ota M, Hidese S, Ishida I, Aida M, Matsuda K, Kawai M, Yoshida S, Kunugi H. Effect of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Strain Shirota on Improvement in Depressive Symptoms, and Its Association with Abundance of Actinobacteria in Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9051026. [PMID: 34068832 PMCID: PMC8150707 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9051026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported lower counts of lactobacilli and Bifidobacterium in the gut microbiota of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD), compared with healthy controls. This prompted us to investigate the possible efficacy of a probiotic strain, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota (LcS; basonym, Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota; daily intake of 8.0 × 1010 colony-forming units), in alleviating depressive symptoms. A single-arm trial was conducted on 18 eligible patients with MDD or bipolar disorder (BD) (14 females and 4 males; 15 MDD and 3 BD), assessing changes in psychiatric symptoms, the gut microbiota, and biological markers for intestinal permeability and inflammation, over a 12-week intervention period. Depression severity, evaluated by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, was significantly alleviated after LcS treatment. The intervention-associated reduction of depressive symptoms was associated with the gut microbiota, and more pronounced when Bifidobacterium and the Atopobium clusters of the Actinobacteria phylum were maintained at higher counts. No significant changes were observed in the intestinal permeability or inflammation markers. Although it was difficult to estimate the extent of the effect of LcS treatment alone, the results indicated that it was beneficial to alleviate depressive symptoms, partly through its association with abundance of Actinobacteria in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machiko Otaka
- National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; (M.O.); (J.O.); (Y.Y.); (M.O.); (S.H.); (I.I.)
| | - Hiroko Kikuchi-Hayakawa
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan; (H.K.-H.); (H.I.); (M.A.); (K.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Jun Ogura
- National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; (M.O.); (J.O.); (Y.Y.); (M.O.); (S.H.); (I.I.)
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan; (H.K.-H.); (H.I.); (M.A.); (K.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Yukihito Yomogida
- National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; (M.O.); (J.O.); (Y.Y.); (M.O.); (S.H.); (I.I.)
| | - Miho Ota
- National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; (M.O.); (J.O.); (Y.Y.); (M.O.); (S.H.); (I.I.)
| | - Shinsuke Hidese
- National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; (M.O.); (J.O.); (Y.Y.); (M.O.); (S.H.); (I.I.)
| | - Ikki Ishida
- National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; (M.O.); (J.O.); (Y.Y.); (M.O.); (S.H.); (I.I.)
| | - Masanori Aida
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan; (H.K.-H.); (H.I.); (M.A.); (K.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Kazunori Matsuda
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan; (H.K.-H.); (H.I.); (M.A.); (K.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Mitsuhisa Kawai
- Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan; (H.K.-H.); (H.I.); (M.A.); (K.M.); (M.K.)
| | - Sumiko Yoshida
- National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- National Centre of Neurology and Psychiatry, Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1 Ogawa-Higashi, Kodaira-shi, Tokyo 187-8502, Japan; (M.O.); (J.O.); (Y.Y.); (M.O.); (S.H.); (I.I.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Liu Y, Wang J, Wu C. Microbiota and Tuberculosis: A Potential Role of Probiotics, and Postbiotics. Front Nutr 2021; 8:626254. [PMID: 34026804 PMCID: PMC8138307 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.626254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis attacking the lungs and other organs, is one of the most common infectious disease worldwide. According to the WHO's 2020 report, a quarter of the world's population were infected with M. tuberculosis, and ~1.4 million people died of TB. Therefore, TB is a significant public health concern, which requires cost-effective strategies for prevention and treatment. The microbiota has been considered as a “forgotten organ” and a complex dynamic ecosystem, which plays a significant role in many physiological processes, and its dysbiosis is closely associated with infectious disease. Recently, a few studies have indicated associations between TB and microbiota. This review summarizes studies concerning the alterations of the gut and respiratory microbiota in TB, and their relationship with host susceptibility to M. tuberculosis infection, indicating that microbiota signatures in different stages in TB progression could be considered as biomarkers for TB diagnosis and control. In addition, the potential role of probiotics and postbiotics in TB treatment was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratories for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases Shanxi, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratories for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases Shanxi, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Cell Biology of Shanxi Province, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,The Provincial Key Laboratories for Prevention and Treatment of Major Infectious Diseases Shanxi, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Narasimhan H, Ren CC, Deshpande S, Sylvia KE. Young at Gut-Turning Back the Clock with the Gut Microbiome. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9030555. [PMID: 33800340 PMCID: PMC8001982 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9030555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, we have witnessed an increase in life-expectancy due to public health measures; however, we have also seen an increase in susceptibility to chronic disease and frailty. Microbiome dysfunction may be linked to many of the conditions that increase in prevalence with age, including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, Alzheimer's disease, and cancer, suggesting the need for further research on these connections. Moreover, because both non-modifiable (e.g., age, sex, genetics) and environmental (e.g., diet, infection) factors can influence the microbiome, there are vast opportunities for the use of interventions related to the microbiome to promote lifespan and healthspan in aging populations. To understand the mechanisms mediating many of the interventions discussed in this review, we also provide an overview of the gut microbiome's relationships with the immune system, aging, and the brain. Importantly, we explore how inflammageing (low-grade chronic inflammation that often develops with age), systemic inflammation, and senescent cells may arise from and relate to the gut microbiome. Furthermore, we explore in detail the complex gut-brain axis and the evidence surrounding how gut dysbiosis may be implicated in several age-associated neurodegenerative diseases. We also examine current research on potential interventions for healthspan and lifespan as they relate to the changes taking place in the microbiome during aging; and we begin to explore how the reduction in senescent cells and senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) interplay with the microbiome during the aging process and highlight avenues for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clarissa C. Ren
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
| | | | - Kristyn E. Sylvia
- The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions, Washington, DC 20036, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-774-226-6214
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Wen Y, Chen H, Luo F, Zhou H, Li Z. Roles of long noncoding RNAs in bacterial infection. Life Sci 2020; 263:118579. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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