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Wong CB, Huang H, Ning Y, Xiao J. Probiotics in the New Era of Human Milk Oligosaccharides (HMOs): HMO Utilization and Beneficial Effects of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis M-63 on Infant Health. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1014. [PMID: 38792843 PMCID: PMC11124435 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12051014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
A healthy gut microbiome is crucial for the immune system and overall development of infants. Bifidobacterium has been known to be a predominant species in the infant gut; however, an emerging concern is the apparent loss of this genus, in particular, Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) in the gut microbiome of infants in industrialized nations, underscoring the importance of restoring this beneficial bacterium. With the growing understanding of the gut microbiome, probiotics, especially infant-type human-residential bifidobacteria (HRB) strains like B. infantis, are gaining prominence for their unique ability to utilize HMOs and positively influence infant health. This article delves into the physiology of a probiotic strain, B. infantis M-63, its symbiotic relationship with HMOs, and its potential in improving gastrointestinal and allergic conditions in infants and children. Moreover, this article critically assesses the role of HMOs and the emerging trend of supplementing infant formulas with the prebiotic HMOs, which serve as fuel for beneficial gut bacteria, thereby emulating the protective effects of breastfeeding. The review highlights the potential of combining B. infantis M-63 with HMOs as a feasible strategy to improve health outcomes in infants and children, acknowledging the complexities and requirements for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chyn Boon Wong
- International Division, Morinaga Milk Industry Co., Ltd., 5-2, Higashi Shimbashi 1-Chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-7122, Japan
| | - Huidong Huang
- Nutrition Research Institute, Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., 36 Shitong Road, Shijiazhuang 050221, China
| | - Yibing Ning
- Nutrition Research Institute, Junlebao Dairy Group Co., Ltd., 36 Shitong Road, Shijiazhuang 050221, China
| | - Jinzhong Xiao
- Morinaga Milk Industry (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Room 509 Longemont Yes Tower, No. 369 Kaixuan Road, Changning District, Shanghai 200050, China
- Department of Microbiota Research, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Research Center for Probiotics, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100093, China
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2
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Bajic D, Wiens F, Wintergerst E, Deyaert S, Baudot A, den Abbeele PV. HMOs Impact the Gut Microbiome of Children and Adults Starting from Low Predicted Daily Doses. Metabolites 2024; 14:239. [PMID: 38668367 PMCID: PMC11052010 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14040239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the dietary intake of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) provides health benefits from infancy up to adulthood. Thus far, beneficial changes in the adult gut microbiome have been observed at oral doses of 5-20 g/day of HMOs. Efficacy of lower doses has rarely been tested. We assessed four HMO molecular species-2'Fucosyllactose (2'FL), Lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), 3'Sialyllactose (3'SL), and 6'Sialyllactose (6'SL)-at predicted doses from 0.3 to 5 g/day for 6-year-old children and adults (n = 6 each), using ex vivo SIFR® technology (Cryptobiotix, Ghent, Belgium). This technology employing bioreactor fermentation on fecal samples enables us to investigate microbial fermentation products that are intractable in vivo given their rapid absorption/consumption in the human gut. We found that HMOs significantly increased short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), acetate, propionate (in children/adults), and butyrate (in adults) from predicted doses of 0.3-0.5 g/day onwards, with stronger effects as dosing increased. The fermentation of 6'SL had the greatest effect on propionate, LNnT most strongly increased butyrate, and 2'FL and 3'SL most strongly increased acetate. An untargeted metabolomic analysis revealed that HMOs enhanced immune-related metabolites beyond SCFAs, such as aromatic lactic acids (indole-3-lactic acid/3-phenyllactic acid) and 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, as well as gut-brain-axis-related metabolites (γ-aminobutyric acid/3-hydroxybutyric acid/acetylcholine) and vitamins. The effects of low doses of HMOs potentially originate from the highly specific stimulation of keystone species belonging to, for example, the Bifidobacteriaceae family, which had already significantly increased at doses of only 0.5 g/day LNnT (adults) and 1 g/day 2'FL (children/adults).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica Bajic
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Frank Wiens
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Eva Wintergerst
- DSM Nutritional Products Ltd., Wurmisweg 576, 4303 Kaiseraugst, Switzerland
| | - Stef Deyaert
- Cryptobiotix SA, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aurélien Baudot
- Cryptobiotix SA, Technologiepark-Zwijnaarde 82, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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3
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Sibanda T, Marole TA, Thomashoff UL, Thantsha MS, Buys EM. Bifidobacterium species viability in dairy-based probiotic foods: challenges and innovative approaches for accurate viability determination and monitoring of probiotic functionality. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1327010. [PMID: 38371928 PMCID: PMC10869629 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1327010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacterium species are essential members of a healthy human gut microbiota. Their presence in the gut is associated with numerous health outcomes such as protection against gastrointestinal tract infections, inflammation, and metabolic diseases. Regular intake of Bifidobacterium in foods is a sustainable way of maintaining the health benefits associated with its use as a probiotic. Owing to their global acceptance, fermented dairy products (particularly yogurt) are considered the ideal probiotic carrier foods. As envisioned in the definition of probiotics as "live organisms," the therapeutic functionalities of Bifidobacterium spp. depend on maintaining their viability in the foods up to the point of consumption. However, sustaining Bifidobacterium spp. viability during the manufacture and shelf-life of fermented dairy products remains challenging. Hence, this paper discusses the significance of viability as a prerequisite for Bifidobacterium spp. probiotic functionality. The paper focuses on the stress factors that influence Bifidobacterium spp. viability during the manufacture and shelf life of yogurt as an archetypical fermented dairy product that is widely accepted as a delivery vehicle for probiotics. It further expounds the Bifidobacterium spp. physiological and genetic stress response mechanisms as well as the methods for viability retention in yogurt, such as microencapsulation, use of oxygen scavenging lactic acid bacterial strains, and stress-protective agents. The report also explores the topic of viability determination as a critical factor in probiotic quality assurance, wherein, the limitations of culture-based enumeration methods, the challenges of species and strain resolution in the presence of lactic acid bacterial starter and probiotic species are discussed. Finally, new developments and potential applications of next-generation viability determination methods such as flow cytometry, propidium monoazide-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PMA-qPCR), next-generation sequencing, and single-cell Raman spectroscopy (SCRS) methods are examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thulani Sibanda
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Applied Biology and Biochemistry, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
- Department of Biology, National of University of Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho
| | - Tlaleo Azael Marole
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Mapitsi S. Thantsha
- Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Elna M. Buys
- Department of Consumer and Food Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
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Jones DC, LaMartina EL, Lewis JR, Dahl AJ, Nadig N, Szabo A, Newton RJ, Skwor TA. One Health and Global Health View of Antimicrobial Susceptibility through the "Eye" of Aeromonas: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2023; 62:106848. [PMID: 37201798 PMCID: PMC10524465 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.106848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most pressing public health concerns; therefore, it is imperative to advance our understanding of the factors influencing AMR from Global and One Health perspectives. To address this, Aeromonas populations were identified using 16S rRNA gene libraries among human, agriculture, aquaculture, drinking water, surface water, and wastewater samples, supporting its use as indicator bacteria to study AMR. A systematic review and meta-analysis was then performed from Global and One Health perspectives, including data from 221 articles describing 15 891 isolates from 57 countries. The interconnectedness of different environments was evident as minimal differences were identified between sectors among 21 different antimicrobials. However, resistance to critically important antibiotics (aztreonam and cefepime) was significantly higher among wastewater populations compared with clinical isolates. Additionally, isolates from untreated wastewater typically exhibited increased AMR compared with those from treated wastewater. Furthermore, aquaculture was associated with increased AMR to ciprofloxacin and tetracycline compared with wild-caught seafood. Using the World Health Organization AWaRe classifications, countries with lower consumption of "Access" compared to "Watch" drugs from 2000 to 2015 demonstrated higher AMR levels. The current analysis revealed negative correlations between AMR and anthropogenic factors, such as environmental performance indices and socioeconomic standing. Environmental health and sanitation were two of the environmental factors most strongly correlated with AMR. The current analysis highlights the negative impacts of "Watch" drug overconsumption, anthropogenic activity, absence of wastewater infrastructure, and aquaculture on AMR, thus stressing the need for proper infrastructure and global regulations to combat this growing problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily Lou LaMartina
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Jenna Rachel Lewis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Andrew James Dahl
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Nischala Nadig
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Aniko Szabo
- Division of Biostatistics, Institute for Health & Equity, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Ryan J Newton
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Troy A Skwor
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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Ortiz Camargo AR, van Mastrigt O, Bongers RS, Ben-Amor K, Knol J, Abee T, Smid EJ. Quantitative Physiology and Proteome Adaptations of Bifidobacterium breve NRBB57 at Near-Zero Growth Rates. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0256822. [PMID: 37184421 PMCID: PMC10269484 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02568-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In natural environments, nutrients are usually scarce, causing microorganisms to grow slowly while staying metabolically active. These natural conditions can be simulated using retentostat cultivations. The present study describes the physiological and proteome adaptations of the probiotic Bifidobacterium breve NRBB57 from high (0.4 h-1) to near-zero growth rates. Lactose-limited retentostat cultivations were carried out for 21 days in which the bacterial growth rate progressively reduced to 0.00092 h-1, leading to a 3.4-fold reduction of the maintenance energy requirement. Lactose was mainly converted into acetate, formate, and ethanol at high growth rates, while in the retentostat, lactate production increased. Interestingly, the consumption of several amino acids (serine, aspartic acid, and glutamine/arginine) and glycerol increased over time in the retentostat. Morphological changes and viable but nonculturable cells were also observed in the retentostat. Proteomes were compared for all growth rates, revealing a downregulation of ribosomal proteins at near-zero growth rates and an upregulation of proteins involved in the catabolism of alternative energy sources. Finally, we observed induction of the stringent response and stress defense systems. Retentostat cultivations were proven useful to study the physiology of B. breve, mimicking the nutrient scarcity of its complex habitat, the human gut. IMPORTANCE In natural environments, nutrients are usually scarce, causing microorganisms to grow slowly while staying metabolically active. In this study we used retentostat cultivation to investigate how the probiotic Bifidobacterium breve adapts its physiology and proteome under severe nutrient limitation resulting in near-zero growth rates (<0.001 h-1). We showed that the nutrient limitation induced a multifaceted response including stress defense and stringent response, metabolic shifts, and the activation of novel alternative energy-producing pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oscar van Mastrigt
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Jan Knol
- Danone Nutricia Research, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tjakko Abee
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Eddy J. Smid
- Food Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Li Y, Chen Y, Fan Y, Chen Y, Chen Y. Dynamic network modeling of gut microbiota during Alzheimer's disease progression in mice. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2172672. [PMID: 36724123 PMCID: PMC9897752 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2172672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The intimate association between the gut microbiota (GM) and the central nervous system points to potential intervention strategies for neurological diseases. Nevertheless, there is currently no theoretical framework for selecting the window period and target bacteria for GM interventions owing to the complexity of the gut microecosystem. In this study, we constructed a complex network-based modeling approach to evaluate the topological features of the GM and infer the window period and bacterial candidates for GM interventions. We used Alzheimer's disease (AD) as an example and traced the GM dynamic changes in AD and wild-type mice at one, two, three, six, and nine months of age. The results revealed alterations of the topological features of the GM from a scale-free network into a random network during AD progression, indicating severe GM disequilibrium at the late stage of AD. Through stability and vulnerability assessments of the GM networks, we identified the third month after birth as the optimal window period for GM interventions in AD mice. Further computational simulations and robustness evaluations determined that the hub bacteria were potential candidates for GM interventions. Moreover, our GM functional analysis suggested that Lachnospiraceae UCG-001 - the hub and enriched bacterium in AD mice - was the keystone bacterium for GM interventions owing to its contributions to quinolinic acid synthesis. In conclusion, this study established a complex network-based modeling approach as a practical strategy for disease interventions from the perspective of the gut microecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhu Li
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yijing Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingying Fan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuewen Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipulation, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Translational Research for Brain Diseases, the Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science–Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions, Shenzhen, China,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Science, Disease and Drug Development, HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China,CONTACT Yu Chen Chinese Academy of Sciences, The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Institute, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Shenzhen, China
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7
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Abstract
The major function of the mammalian immune system is to prevent and control infections caused by enteropathogens that collectively have altered human destiny. In fact, as the gastrointestinal tissues are the major interface of mammals with the environment, up to 70% of the human immune system is dedicated to patrolling them The defenses are multi-tiered and include the endogenous microflora that mediate colonization resistance as well as physical barriers intended to compartmentalize infections. The gastrointestinal tract and associated lymphoid tissue are also protected by sophisticated interleaved arrays of active innate and adaptive immune defenses. Remarkably, some bacterial enteropathogens have acquired an arsenal of virulence factors with which they neutralize all these formidable barriers to infection, causing disease ranging from mild self-limiting gastroenteritis to in some cases devastating human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah J. Worley
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA,CONTACT Micah J. Worley Department of Biology, University of Louisville, 139 Life Sciences Bldg, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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Rani V, Prakash A, Mannan MAU, Das P, Haridas H, Gaindaa R. Emergence of OptrA Gene Mediated Linezolid Resistance among Enterococcus Faecium: A Pilot Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital, India. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2023; 12:242-256. [PMID: 38751656 PMCID: PMC11092898 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.12.3.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
E. faecium is the third most common cause of nosocomial infections. Linezolid (LNZ) is a reserve antibiotic recommended for infections caused by vancomycin resistant E. faecium (VREfm). The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of optrA gene among linezolid resistant E. faecium (LREfm) and to study the molecular epidemiology using pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Clinically significant LREfm were identified and antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by disc diffusion. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of linezolid, vancomycin, daptomycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin was determined by E-test. PCR and PCR-RFPL were performed for the detection of optrA/cfr gene and G2576T mutation respectively. Molecular epidemiology was studied by PFGE. A total of 1081 clinically significant Enterococci species were isolated which included E. faecium 63.5% (n=687) and E. faecalis 36.5% (n=394). LREfm (30/687) were further studied. Multidrug resistance and vancomycin resistance was 100% and 80%, respectively. Linezolid MIC range was 8-256µg/ml and the most common mechanism of resistance was optrA gene (83.3%) followed by G2576T mutation (33.3%). PFGE analysis demonstrated 4 major clones. The optrA gene mediated linezolid resistance was high and PFGE suggests resistance was emerging in the different background strains irrespective of resistance mechanism. Studies are required to investigate factors driving the emergence of linezolid resistance. The review suggests that this is the first report of optrA-mediated resistance in E. faecium from India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Rani
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
- Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Ajit Prakash
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States of America.
| | - Mohammad Amin-ul Mannan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, School of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, India.
- Division of Infectious Disease, The Lundquist Institute, UCLA Harbor Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90502, USA.
| | - Priyanka Das
- Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Hitha Haridas
- Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
| | - Rajni Gaindaa
- Department of Microbiology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi, India.
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Danilenko VN, Alekseeva MG, Koshenko TA, Kovtun AS, Nezametdinova VZ. Species-Forming PFNA Operon of Bifidobacteria: Modules of Sensor Proteins Pkb2 and FN3, Structure and Distribution among Different Species and Strains of Bifidobacteria in Human Intestinal Microbiome. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422090071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Polveiro RC, Vidigal PMP, de Oliveira Mendes TA, Yamatogi RS, da Silva LS, Fujikura JM, Da Costa MM, Moreira MAS. Distinguishing the milk microbiota of healthy goats and goats diagnosed with subclinical mastitis, clinical mastitis, and gangrenous mastitis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:918706. [PMID: 36090116 PMCID: PMC9453028 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.918706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mastitis, mainly caused by bacterial intramammary infections, is the main problem in the breeding of dairy animals. The inflammations of the mammary gland is separated by types of mastitis, being subclinical, clinical, and the most severe, gangrenous mastitis. Here, we used 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing to characterize the bacterial microbiota of goat milk in the different types of goat mastitis caused by bacteria. We used 72 goat milk samples from a region of the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil, of which 12 were from clinically healthy animals, 42 from animals diagnosed with subclinical mastitis, 16 from animals with clinical mastitis, and 2 from animals with gangrenous mastitis. The group related to gangrenous mastitis was the most divergent in terms of alpha and beta diversity. The most abundant genus among samples of the groups was Staphylococcus spp., and we found a high abundance of Mycoplasma sp. in the milk of animals diagnosed with clinical mastitis. The most statistically relevant microorganisms among the groups were Prevotella sp., Ruminococcaceae, Prevotella ruminicola sp., and Providencia sp. We highlight a new association of bacterial agents in gangrenous mastitis among Escherichia sp./Shigella sp. and Enterococcus sp. and provide the second report of the genus Alkalibacterium sp., in milk samples. Only the taxa Staphylococcus sp., Bacteroides sp., Enterococcus, and Brevidabacterium sp., were present in all groups. The superpathway of L-tryptophan biosynthesis metabolites and the sucrose degradation III (sucrose invertase) pathway were the most prominent ones among the groups. In this study, we demonstrate how a rich microbiota of goat milk from healthy animals can be altered during the aggravation of different types of mastitis, in addition to demonstrating new bacterial genera in milk not previously detected in other studies as well as new associations between agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Costa Polveiro
- Laboratório de Doenças Bacterianas, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Marcus Pereira Vidigal
- Núcleo de Análise de Biomoléculas (NuBioMol), Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo Seiti Yamatogi
- Laboratório de Doenças Bacterianas, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana Miwa Fujikura
- Laboratório de Doenças Bacterianas, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Mateus Matiuzzi Da Costa
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal do Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira
- Laboratório de Doenças Bacterianas, Setor de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva e Saúde Pública, Departamento de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Maria Aparecida Scatamburlo Moreira,
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11
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Aira A, Rubio E, Ruiz A, Vergara A, Casals-Pascual C, Rico V, Suñé-Negre JM, Soriano A. New Procedure to Maintain Fecal Microbiota in a Dry Matrix Ready to Encapsulate. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:899257. [PMID: 35755849 PMCID: PMC9226551 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.899257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is one of the recommended treatments for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection, but endoscopy and available oral formulations still have several limitations in their preparation, storage, and administration. The need for a viable oral formulation that facilitates the implementation of this highly effective therapy in different settings has led us to test the microcrystalline cellulose particles as an adsorbent of concentrated filtered fresh feces in comparison to lyophilized feces. This free-flowing material can provide protection to bacteria and results in a dried product able to maintain the viability of the microbiota for a long time. Adsorbate formulation showed a stabilizing effect in gut microbiota, maintaining bacteria viability and preserving its diversity, and is a competitive option for lyophilized capsules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Aira
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Rubio
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Andrea Vergara
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Climent Casals-Pascual
- University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Verónica Rico
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Alex Soriano
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
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12
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Liu J, Li W, Yao C, Yu J, Zhang H. Comparative genomic analysis revealed genetic divergence between Bifidobacterium catenulatum subspecies present in infant versus adult guts. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:158. [PMID: 35710325 PMCID: PMC9202165 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The two subspecies of Bifidobacterium catenulatum, B. catenulatum subsp. kashiwanohense and B. catenulatum subsp. catenulatum, are usually from the infant and adult gut, respectively. However, the genomic analysis of their functional difference and genetic divergence has been rare. Here, 16 B. catenulatum strains, including 2 newly sequenced strains, were analysed through comparative genomics. RESULTS A phylogenetic tree based on 785 core genes indicated that the two subspecies of B. catenulatum were significantly separated. The comparison of genomic characteristics revealed that the two subspecies had significantly different genomic sizes (p < 0.05) but similar GC contents. The functional comparison revealed the most significant difference in genes of carbohydrate utilisation. Carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZyme) present two clustering patterns in B. catenulatum. The B. catenulatum subsp. kashiwanohense specially including the glycoside hydrolases 95 (GH95) and carbohydrate-binding modules 51 (CBM51) families involved in the metabolism of human milk oligosaccharides (HMO) common in infants, also, the corresponding fucosylated HMO gene clusters were detected. Meanwhile, B. catenulatum subsp. catenulatum rich in GH3 may metabolise more plant-derived glycan in the adult intestine. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide genomic evidence of carbohydrate utilisation bias, which may be a key cause of the genetic divergence of two B. catenulatum subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Weicheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Caiqing Yao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Jie Yu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Heping Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering (Inner Mongolia Agricultural University), Ministry of Education; Key Laboratory of Dairy Products Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China.
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13
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Disclosing the Genomic Diversity among Members of the Bifidobacterium Genus of Canine and Feline Origin with Respect to Those from Human. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0203821. [PMID: 35285708 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02038-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, much scientific attention has been paid to characterizing members of the genus Bifidobacterium due to their well-accepted ability to exert various beneficial effects upon their host. However, despite the well-accepted status of dogs and cats as principal companion animals of humans, the bifidobacterial communities that colonize their gut still represents a rather unexplored research area. To expand and further investigate the bifidobacterial ecosystem inhabiting the canine and feline intestine, strains belonging to this genus were isolated from fecal samples of dogs and cats and subjected to de novo sequencing. The obtained sequencing data, together with publicly available genomes of strains belonging to the same bifidobacterial species of our isolates, and of both human and animal origin, were employed for in-depth comparative genome analyses. These phylogenomic investigations highlighted a different degree of genetic variability between human- or pet-derived bifidobacteria depending on the considered species, with B. pseudocatenulatum strains of pet origin showing higher genetic variability than human-derived strains of the same bifidobacterial species. Furthermore, in silico evaluation of metabolic activities coupled with in vitro growth assays revealed the crucial role of diet in driving the genetic assembly of bifidobacteria as a result of their adaptation to the specific ecological niche they colonize. IMPORTANCE Despite cats and dogs being well recognized as the most intimate companion animals to humans, current knowledge on canine and feline gut microbial consortia is still far from being fully dissected compared to the significant advances achieved for other microbial ecosystems, such as the human gut microbiota. In this context, a combination of in silico genome-based analysis and in vitro carbohydrate growth assay allowed us to further explore the canine and feline bifidobacterial community with respect to that inhabiting the human intestine. Specifically, these data revealed how strains of different bifidobacterial species seem to have evolved a different degree of host-specific adaptation. In detail, genotypic and phenotypic evidence of how diet can be considered the main factor of this host-specific adaptation is provided.
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14
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Salomé-Desnoulez S, Poiret S, Foligné B, Muharram G, Peucelle V, Lafont F, Daniel C. Persistence and dynamics of fluorescent Lactobacillus plantarum in the healthy versus inflamed gut. Gut Microbes 2022; 13:1-16. [PMID: 33779491 PMCID: PMC8009120 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2021.1897374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the main ecological niche in which Lactobacillus strains may provide health benefits in mammals. There is currently a need to characterize host-microbe interactions in space and time by tracking these bacteria in vivo. We combined noninvasive whole-body imaging with ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy imaging to monitor the impact of intestinal inflammation on the persistence of orally administered Lactobacillus plantarum NCIMB8826 in healthy and inflamed mouse colons. We developed fluorescent L. plantarum strains and demonstrated that mCherry is the best system for in vivo imaging and ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy of these bacteria. We also used whole-body imaging to show that this anti-inflammatory, orally administered strain persists for longer and at higher counts in the inflamed colon than in the healthy colon. We confirmed these results by the ex vivo confocal imaging of colons from mice with experimental colitis for 3 days after induction. Moreover, extended orthogonal view projections enabled us to localize individual L. plantarum in sites that differed for healthy versus inflamed guts. In healthy colons, orally administered bacteria were localized in the lumen (in close contact with commensal bacteria) and sometimes in the crypts (albeit very rarely in contact with intestinal cells). The bacteria were observed within and outside the mucus layer. In contrast, L. plantarum bacteria in the inflamed colon were mostly located in the lumen and (in less inflamed areas) within the mucus layer. In more intensely inflamed areas (i.e., where the colon had undergone structural damage), the L. plantarum were in direct contact with damaged epithelial cells. Taken as a whole, our results show that fluorescently labeled L. plantarum can be used to study the persistence of these bacteria in inflamed guts using both noninvasive whole-body imaging and ex vivo fluorescence confocal microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Salomé-Desnoulez
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Sabine Poiret
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Benoit Foligné
- Univ. Lille, INSERM, CHU Lille, U1286 - Infinite - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Ghaffar Muharram
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Véronique Peucelle
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Frank Lafont
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS, F-59000 Lille, France,Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Catherine Daniel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INSERM, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR 9017 – Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France,CONTACT Daniel C Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Professeur Calmette- CS50447, 59021 Lille cedex, France
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15
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Bukharin OV, Andryushchenko SV, Perunova NB, Ivanova EV. Environmental Determination of Indigenous Bifidobacteria of the Human Intestine. HERALD OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 2022; 92:629-635. [PMID: 36340323 PMCID: PMC9628474 DOI: 10.1134/s1019331622050033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The environmental determination of indigenous (constantly present) bifidobacteria of the human large intestine is considered in this review. Environmental determination (from the Latin determinere, "I determine") is understood as a set of natural phenomena of a habitat (biotope) that determine the role of indigenous microorganisms in the microbiocenosis. Using the symbiotic approach, an attempt is made to identify the environmental conditions for the habitat of bifidobacteria and their physiological effects in the microsymbiocenosis. The features of indigenous bifidobacteria in terms of their nature have been established: evolutionary-genetic (phylogenetic remoteness, genome conservation, metabolic specialization), biochemical (lysozyme resistance, constitutive acetate production), and physiological (microbial "friend-foe" identification, immunoregulation), which are important in adaptation (persistence) and the provision of mutualistic effects and stability of the bifidoflora in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. V. Bukharin
- Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis (ICIS), Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - S. V. Andryushchenko
- Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis (ICIS), Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - N. B. Perunova
- Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis (ICIS), Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
| | - E. V. Ivanova
- Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis (ICIS), Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Orenburg, Russia
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16
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Gutiérrez-Repiso C, Moreno-Indias I, Tinahones FJ. Shifts in gut microbiota and their metabolites induced by bariatric surgery. Impact of factors shaping gut microbiota on bariatric surgery outcomes. Rev Endocr Metab Disord 2021; 22:1137-1156. [PMID: 34287758 DOI: 10.1007/s11154-021-09676-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Evidence suggests that bariatric surgery alters gut microbiota, although its impact at compositional and functional level is not well described. In this review, the most relevant findings, mainly described in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy, are outlined. Although the number of studies has increased in the last years, conclusive assertions cannot be elaborated. An issue to address is to know the influence of these alterations on host metabolism and the contribution of gut microbiota derived metabolites. New lines of research have been focusing on analysing gut microbiota functionality rather than evaluating changes at compositional level, and the functions of gut microbiota metabolites in host metabolism, what will bring more relevant information about the influence of gut microbiota in bariatric surgery outcomes. Personalized medicine, because of the predictive value of gut microbiota, is another promising field. The possibility of a specific gut microbiota pattern that could predict type 2 diabetes remission or weight loss failure after bariatric surgery is a matter of great interest. However, little is known about how gut microbiota manipulation could contribute to the beneficial effects of bariatric surgery. Peri-operative antibiotics prophylaxis or probiotic supplementation early after surgery, are strategies barely studied so far, and could constitute a novel tool in the management of weight loss and metabolic profile improvement after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gutiérrez-Repiso
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología Y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de La Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA) Málaga. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de La Obesidad Y La Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Moreno-Indias
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología Y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de La Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA) Málaga. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de La Obesidad Y La Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Unidad de Gestión Clínica de Endocrinología Y Nutrición del Hospital Virgen de La Victoria, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA) Málaga. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de La Obesidad Y La Nutrición (CIBERobn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina Y Dermatología, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
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17
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Turroni F, van Sinderen D, Ventura M. Bifidobacteria: insights into the biology of a key microbial group of early life gut microbiota. MICROBIOME RESEARCH REPORTS 2021; 1:2. [PMID: 38045555 PMCID: PMC10688781 DOI: 10.20517/mrr.2021.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
The establishment and development of the human gut microbiota constitutes a dynamic and non-random process, which involves positive and negative interactions between key microbial taxa and their host. Remarkably, these early life microbiota-host communications include key events with long-term health consequences. Bifidobacteria arguably represent the most emblematic microbial taxon of the infant gut microbiota. In this context, the interactions among bifidobacteria, their human host, and other members of the human gut microbiota are far from completely understood, despite the crucial role they play in the development and maintenance of human physiology and immune system. Here, we highlight the ecological as well as genetic and functional features of bifidobacteria residing in the human gut using genomic and ecology-based information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Turroni
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork Co. Cork, Ireland
| | - Marco Ventura
- Laboratory of Probiogenomics, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma 43126, Italy
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18
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Nezametdinova VZ, Yunes RA, Dukhinova MS, Alekseeva MG, Danilenko VN. The Role of the PFNA Operon of Bifidobacteria in the Recognition of Host's Immune Signals: Prospects for the Use of the FN3 Protein in the Treatment of COVID-19. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179219. [PMID: 34502130 PMCID: PMC8430577 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are some of the major agents that shaped the immune system of many members of the animal kingdom during their evolution. Over recent years, the question of concrete mechanisms underlying the immunomodulatory properties of bifidobacteria has been addressed in both animal and human studies. A possible candidate for this role has been discovered recently. The PFNA cluster, consisting of five core genes, pkb2, fn3, aaa-atp, duf58, tgm, has been found in all gut-dwelling autochthonous bifidobacterial species of humans. The sensory region of the species-specific serine-threonine protein kinase (PKB2), the transmembrane region of the microbial transglutaminase (TGM), and the type-III fibronectin domain-containing protein (FN3) encoded by the I gene imply that the PFNA cluster might be implicated in the interaction between bacteria and the host immune system. Moreover, the FN3 protein encoded by one of the genes making up the PFNA cluster, contains domains and motifs of cytokine receptors capable of selectively binding TNF-α. The PFNA cluster could play an important role for sensing signals of the immune system. Among the practical implications of this finding is the creation of anti-inflammatory drugs aimed at alleviating cytokine storms, one of the dire consequences resulting from SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venera Z. Nezametdinova
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, The Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, 117971 Moscow, Russia; (V.Z.N.); (R.A.Y.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Roman A. Yunes
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, The Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, 117971 Moscow, Russia; (V.Z.N.); (R.A.Y.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Marina S. Dukhinova
- International Institute ‘Solution Chemistry of Advanced Materials and Technologies’, ITMO University, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Maria G. Alekseeva
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, The Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, 117971 Moscow, Russia; (V.Z.N.); (R.A.Y.); (M.G.A.)
| | - Valery N. Danilenko
- Laboratory of Bacterial Genetics, The Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, 117971 Moscow, Russia; (V.Z.N.); (R.A.Y.); (M.G.A.)
- Correspondence:
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19
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Jian C, Carpén N, Helve O, de Vos WM, Korpela K, Salonen A. Early-life gut microbiota and its connection to metabolic health in children: Perspective on ecological drivers and need for quantitative approach. EBioMedicine 2021; 69:103475. [PMID: 34256346 PMCID: PMC8324810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The colonisation and development of the gut microbiota has been implicated in paediatric metabolic disorders via its powerful effect on host metabolic and immune homeostasis. Here we summarise the evidence from human studies on the early gut microbiota and paediatric overweight and obesity. Manipulation of the early gut microbiota may represent a promising target for countering the burgeoning metabolic disorders in the paediatric population, provided the assembly patterns of microbiota and their health consequences can be decoded. Therefore, in this review, we pay particular attention to the important ecological drivers affecting the community dynamics of the early gut microbiota. We then discuss the knowledge gaps in commonly studied exposures linking the gut microbiota to metabolic disorders, especially regarding maternal factors and antibiotic use. This review also attempts to give directions for future studies aiming to identify predictive and corrective measures for paediatric metabolic disorders based on the gut microbiota. Gut microbiota; Metabolism; Paediatric overweight and obesity; Ecological driver; Dynamics; Infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ching Jian
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Noora Carpén
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Otto Helve
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Department of Health Security, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Willem M de Vos
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Katri Korpela
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne Salonen
- Human Microbiome Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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