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Guedes MR, de Noronha SISR, Chírico MTT, da Costa GDC, de Freitas Castro T, de Brito RCF, Vieira LG, Reis TO, Ribeiro MC, Reis AB, Carneiro CM, Bezerra FS, Montano N, da Silva VJD, de Menezes RCA, Chianca-Jr DA, Silva FCDS. Ivabradine restores tonic cardiovascular autonomic control and reduces tachycardia, hypertension and left ventricular inflammation in post-weaning protein malnourished rats. Life Sci 2024; 346:122636. [PMID: 38614307 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Malnutrition results in autonomic imbalance and heart hypertrophy. Overexpression of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN) in the left ventricles (LV) is linked to hypertrophied hearts and abnormal myocardium automaticity. Given that ivabradine (IVA) has emerging pleiotropic effects, in addition to the widely known bradycardic response, this study evaluated if IVA treatment could repair the autonomic control and cardiac damages in malnourished rats. AIM Assess the impact of IVA on tonic cardiovascular autonomic control and its relationship with hemodynamics regulation, LV inflammation, and HCN gene expression in post-weaning protein malnutrition condition. MAIN METHODS After weaning, male rats were divided into control (CG; 22 % protein) and malnourished (MG; 6 % protein) groups. At 35 days, groups were subdivided into CG-PBS, CG-IVA, MG-PBS and MG-IVA (PBS 1 ml/kg or IVA 1 mg/kg) received during 8 days. We performed jugular vein cannulation and electrode implant for drug delivery and ECG registration to assess tonic cardiovascular autonomic control; femoral cannulation for blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) assessment; and LV collection to evaluate ventricular remodeling and HCN gene expression investigation. KEY FINDINGS Malnutrition induced BP and HR increases, sympathetic system dominance, and LV remodeling without affecting HCN gene expression. IVA reversed the cardiovascular autonomic imbalance; prevented hypertension and tachycardia; and inhibited the LV inflammatory process and fiber thickening caused by malnutrition. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that ivabradine protects against malnutrition-mediated cardiovascular damage. Moreover, our results propose these effects were not attributed to HCN expression changes, but rather to IVA pleiotropic effects on autonomic control and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Reis Guedes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Sylvana Izaura Salyba Rendeiro de Noronha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Máira Tereza Talma Chírico
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Gabriela Dias Carvalho da Costa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Thalles de Freitas Castro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Rory Cristiane Fortes de Brito
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Gabriel Vieira
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Thayane Oliveira Reis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Carlos Ribeiro
- Statistics Department, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Alexandre Barbosa Reis
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Frank Silva Bezerra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Nicola Montano
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, IRCCS Ca' Granda Foundation, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
| | - Valdo José Dias da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Pharmacology and Physiology, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Cunha Alvim de Menezes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Deoclécio Alves Chianca-Jr
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
| | - Fernanda Cacilda Dos Santos Silva
- Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Exact and Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biological Sciences - CBIOL/NUPEB, Federal University of Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Brazil.
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2
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Davis MJ, Zawieja SD. Pacemaking in the lymphatic system. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38520402 DOI: 10.1113/jp284752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lymphatic collecting vessels exhibit spontaneous phasic contractions that are critical for lymph propulsion and tissue fluid homeostasis. This rhythmic activity is driven by action potentials conducted across the lymphatic muscle cell (LMC) layer to produce entrained contractions. The contraction frequency of a lymphatic collecting vessel displays exquisite mechanosensitivity, with a dynamic range from <1 to >20 contractions per minute. A myogenic pacemaker mechanism intrinsic to the LMCs was initially postulated to account for pressure-dependent chronotropy. Further interrogation into the cellular constituents of the lymphatic vessel wall identified non-muscle cell populations that shared some characteristics with interstitial cells of Cajal, which have pacemaker functions in the gastrointestinal and lower urinary tracts, thus raising the possibility of a non-muscle cell pacemaker. However, recent genetic knockout studies in mice support LMCs and a myogenic origin of the pacemaker activity. LMCs exhibit stochastic, but pressure-sensitive, sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release (puffs and waves) from IP3R1 receptors, which couple to the calcium-activated chloride channel Anoctamin 1, causing depolarisation. The resulting electrical activity integrates across the highly coupled lymphatic muscle electrical syncytia through connexin 45 to modulate diastolic depolarisation. However, multiple other cation channels may also contribute to the ionic pacemaking cycle. Upon reaching threshold, a voltage-gated calcium channel-dependent action potential fires, resulting in a nearly synchronous calcium global calcium flash within the LMC layer to drive an entrained contraction. This review summarizes the key ion channels potentially responsible for the pressure-dependent chronotropy of lymphatic collecting vessels and various mechanisms of IP3R1 regulation that could contribute to frequency tuning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Davis
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Scott D Zawieja
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA
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3
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Harde E, Hierl M, Weber M, Waiz D, Wyler R, Wach JY, Haab R, Gundlfinger A, He W, Schnider P, Paina M, Rolland JF, Greiter-Wilke A, Gasser R, Reutlinger M, Dupont A, Roberts S, O'Connor EC, Bartels B, Hall BJ. Selective and brain-penetrant HCN1 inhibitors reveal links between synaptic integration, cortical function, and working memory. Cell Chem Biol 2024; 31:577-592.e23. [PMID: 38042151 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2023.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated and cyclic-nucleotide-gated 1 (HCN1) ion channels are proposed to be critical for cognitive function through regulation of synaptic integration. However, resolving the precise role of HCN1 in neurophysiology and exploiting its therapeutic potential has been hampered by minimally selective antagonists with poor potency and limited in vivo efficiency. Using automated electrophysiology in a small-molecule library screen and chemical optimization, we identified a primary carboxamide series of potent and selective HCN1 inhibitors with a distinct mode of action. In cognition-relevant brain circuits, selective inhibition of native HCN1 produced on-target effects, including enhanced excitatory postsynaptic potential summation, while administration of a selective HCN1 inhibitor to rats recovered decrement working memory. Unlike prior non-selective HCN antagonists, selective HCN1 inhibition did not alter cardiac physiology in human atrial cardiomyocytes or in rats. Collectively, selective HCN1 inhibitors described herein unmask HCN1 as a potential target for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction in brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Harde
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Markus Hierl
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Weber
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - David Waiz
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger Wyler
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Yves Wach
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rachel Haab
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anja Gundlfinger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Weiping He
- WuXi AppTec (Wuhan) Co., Ltd, 666 Gaoxin Road, Wuhan East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan, Huibei, China
| | - Patrick Schnider
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Andrea Greiter-Wilke
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rodolfo Gasser
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Reutlinger
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amanda Dupont
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Roberts
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eoin C O'Connor
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Björn Bartels
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Therapeutic Modalities, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Benjamin J Hall
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases Discovery and Translational Area, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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Sripusanapan A, Yanpiset P, Sriwichaiin S, Siri-Angkul N, Chattipakorn SC, Chattipakorn N. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel inhibitor in myocardial infarction: Potential benefits beyond heart rate modulation. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2024; 240:e14085. [PMID: 38230890 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) and its associated complications including ventricular arrhythmias and heart failure are responsible for a significant incidence of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The ensuing cardiomyocyte loss results in neurohormone-driven cardiac remodeling, which leads to chronic heart failure in MI survivors. Ivabradine is a heart rate modulation agent currently used in treatment of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The canonical target of ivabradine is the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels (HCN) in cardiac pacemaker cells. However, in post-MI hearts, HCN can also be expressed ectopically in non-pacemaker cardiomyocytes. There is an accumulation of intriguing evidence to suggest that ivabradine also possesses cardioprotective effects that are independent of heart rate reduction. This review aims to summarize and discuss the reported cardioprotective mechanisms of ivabradine beyond heart rate modulation in myocardial infarction through various molecular mechanisms including the prevention of reactive oxygen species-induced mitochondrial damage, improvement of autophagy system, modulation of intracellular calcium cycling, modification of ventricular electrophysiology, and regulation of matrix metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adivitch Sripusanapan
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Panat Yanpiset
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Sirawit Sriwichaiin
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Natthaphat Siri-Angkul
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Siriporn C Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Center of Excellent in Cardiac Electrophysiology Research, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Unit, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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5
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Chapotte-Baldacci CA, Pierre M, Djemai M, Pouliot V, Chahine M. Biophysical properties of Na V1.5 channels from atrial-like and ventricular-like cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20685. [PMID: 38001331 PMCID: PMC10673932 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47310-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Generating atrial-like cardiomyocytes derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is crucial for modeling and treating atrial-related diseases, such as atrial arrythmias including atrial fibrillations. However, it is essential to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the electrophysiological properties of these cells. The objective of the present study was to investigate the molecular, electrical, and biophysical properties of several ion channels, especially NaV1.5 channels, in atrial hiPSC cardiomyocytes. Atrial cardiomyocytes were obtained by the differentiation of hiPSCs treated with retinoic acid (RA). The quality of the atrial specification was assessed by qPCR, immunocytofluorescence, and western blotting. The electrophysiological properties of action potentials (APs), Ca2+ dynamics, K+ and Na+ currents were investigated using patch-clamp and optical mapping approaches. We evaluated mRNA transcript and protein expressions to show that atrial cardiomyocytes expressed higher atrial- and sinoatrial-specific markers (MYL7, CACNA1D) and lower ventricular-specific markers (MYL2, CACNA1C, GJA1) than ventricular cardiomyocytes. The amplitude, duration, and steady-state phase of APs in atrial cardiomyocytes decreased, and had a shape similar to that of mature atrial cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, NaV1.5 channels in atrial cardiomyocytes exhibited lower mRNA transcripts and protein expression, which could explain the lower current densities recorded by patch-clamp. Moreover, Na+ currents exhibited differences in activation and inactivation parameters. These differences could be explained by an increase in SCN2B regulatory subunit expression and a decrease in SCN1B and SCN4B regulatory subunit expressions. Our results show that a RA treatment made it possible to obtain atrial cardiomyocytes and investigate differences in NaV1.5 channel properties between ventricular- and atrial-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles-Albert Chapotte-Baldacci
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Marion Pierre
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Mohammed Djemai
- Department of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec City, QC, Canada
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Valérie Pouliot
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada
| | - Mohamed Chahine
- CERVO Brain Research Centre, 2601, chemin de la Canardière, Quebec City, QC, G1J 2G3, Canada.
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6
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Shemarova I. The Dysfunction of Ca 2+ Channels in Hereditary and Chronic Human Heart Diseases and Experimental Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15682. [PMID: 37958665 PMCID: PMC10650855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart diseases, such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, secondary arterial hypertension, and dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathies, are widespread and have a fairly high incidence of mortality and disability. Most of these diseases are characterized by cardiac arrhythmias, conduction, and contractility disorders. Additionally, interruption of the electrical activity of the heart, the appearance of extensive ectopic foci, and heart failure are all symptoms of a number of severe hereditary diseases. The molecular mechanisms leading to the development of heart diseases are associated with impaired permeability and excitability of cell membranes and are mainly caused by the dysfunction of cardiac Ca2+ channels. Over the past 50 years, more than 100 varieties of ion channels have been found in the cardiovascular cells. The relationship between the activity of these channels and cardiac pathology, as well as the general cellular biological function, has been intensively studied on several cell types and experimental animal models in vivo and in situ. In this review, I discuss the origin of genetic Ca2+ channelopathies of L- and T-type voltage-gated calcium channels in humans and the role of the non-genetic dysfunctions of Ca2+ channels of various types: L-, R-, and T-type voltage-gated calcium channels, RyR2, including Ca2+ permeable nonselective cation hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN), and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, in the development of cardiac pathology in humans, as well as various aspects of promising experimental studies of the dysfunctions of these channels performed on animal models or in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Shemarova
- I.M. Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 194223 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
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7
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Boerhout C, Feenstra R, van de Hoef T, Piek J, Beijk M. Pharmacotherapy in patients with vasomotor disorders. IJC HEART & VASCULATURE 2023; 48:101267. [PMID: 37727753 PMCID: PMC10505589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcha.2023.101267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Background Anginal symptoms in patients with non-obstructive coronary artery disease are frequently related to vasomotor disorders of the coronary circulation. Although frequently overlooked, a distinct diagnosis of different vasomotor disorders can be made by intracoronary function testing. Early detection and treatment seems beneficial, but little evidence is available for the medical treatment of these disorders. Nevertheless, there are several pharmacotherapeutic options available to treat these patients and improve quality of life. Methods & findings We performed an extensive yet non-systematic literature search to explore available pharmacotherapeutic strategies for addressing vasomotor disorders in individuals experiencing angina and non-obstructive coronary artery disease. This article presents a comprehensive overview of therapeutic possibilities for patients exhibiting abnormal vasoconstriction (such as spasm) and abnormal vasodilation (like coronary microvascular dysfunction). Conclusion Treatment of vasomotor disorders can be very challenging, but a general treatment algorithm based on the existing evidence and the best available current practice is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - T.P. van de Hoef
- Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J.J. Piek
- Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M.A.M. Beijk
- Heart Center, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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8
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Costa B, Vale N. Understanding Lamotrigine's Role in the CNS and Possible Future Evolution. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076050. [PMID: 37047022 PMCID: PMC10093959 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-epileptic drug lamotrigine (LTG) has been widely used to treat various neurological disorders, including epilepsy and bipolar disorder. However, its precise mechanism of action in the central nervous system (CNS) still needs to be determined. Recent studies have highlighted the involvement of LTG in modulating the activity of voltage-gated ion channels, particularly those related to the inhibition of neuronal excitability. Additionally, LTG has been found to have neuroprotective effects, potentially through the inhibition of glutamate release and the enhancement of GABAergic neurotransmission. LTG's unique mechanism of action compared to other anti-epileptic drugs has led to the investigation of its use in treating other CNS disorders, such as neuropathic pain, PTSD, and major depressive disorder. Furthermore, the drug has been combined with other anti-epileptic drugs and mood stabilizers, which may enhance its therapeutic effects. In conclusion, LTG's potential to modulate multiple neurotransmitters and ion channels in the CNS makes it a promising drug for treating various neurological disorders. As our understanding of its mechanism of action in the CNS continues to evolve, the potential for the drug to be used in new indications will also be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Costa
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vale
- OncoPharma Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Rua Doutor Plácido da Costa, s/n, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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9
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Prodan N, Ershad F, Reyes-Alcaraz A, Li L, Mistretta B, Gonzalez L, Rao Z, Yu C, Gunaratne PH, Li N, Schwartz RJ, McConnell BK. Direct reprogramming of cardiomyocytes into cardiac Purkinje-like cells. iScience 2022; 25:105402. [PMID: 36388958 PMCID: PMC9646947 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there are no treatments that ameliorate cardiac cell death, the underlying basis of cardiovascular disease. An unexplored cell type in cardiac regeneration is cardiac Purkinje cells; specialized cells from the cardiac conduction system (CCS) responsible for propagating electrical signals. Purkinje cells have tremendous potential as a regenerative treatment because they may intrinsically integrate with the CCS of a recipient myocardium, resulting in more efficient electrical conduction in diseased hearts. This study is the first to demonstrate an effective protocol for the direct reprogramming of human cardiomyocytes into cardiac Purkinje-like cells using small molecules. The cells generated were genetically and functionally similar to native cardiac Purkinje cells, where expression of key cardiac Purkinje genes such as CNTN2, ETV1, PCP4, IRX3, SCN5a, HCN2 and the conduction of electrical signals with increased velocity was observed. This study may help to advance the quest to finding an optimized cell therapy for heart regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Prodan
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4349 Martin Luther King Blvd, Health-2 (H2) Building, Room 5024, Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA
| | - Faheem Ershad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Arfaxad Reyes-Alcaraz
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4349 Martin Luther King Blvd, Health-2 (H2) Building, Room 5024, Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA
| | - Luge Li
- Department of Medicine (Section of Cardiovascular Research), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Brandon Mistretta
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, UH-Sequencing & Gene Editing Core, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Lei Gonzalez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Zhoulyu Rao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Cunjiang Yu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Preethi H. Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, UH-Sequencing & Gene Editing Core, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine (Section of Cardiovascular Research), Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert J. Schwartz
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Bradley K. McConnell
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Houston, 4349 Martin Luther King Blvd, Health-2 (H2) Building, Room 5024, Houston, TX 77204-5037, USA
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
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10
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Dogheim GM, Khairat I, Omran GA, El-Haggar SM, Amrawy AME, Werida RH. Clinical comparative study assessing the effect of ivabradine on neopterin and NT-Pro BNP against standard treatment in chronic heart failure patients. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2022; 78:943-954. [PMID: 35238960 PMCID: PMC9107441 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-022-03290-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Heart rate reduction (HR) is a cornerstone in heart failure therapy as it improves patient outcomes. The aim of this study is to evaluate short-term effect of ivabradine on NT-Pro BNP and neopterin in heart failure patients and assess the association between HR and these biomarkers. Methods Sixty patients on standard heart failure therapy were randomly allocated into ivabradine group (n = 30) and non-ivabradine group (n = 30). Ivabradine 5 mg twice daily was given for 3 months. Lipid profile and kidney functions were performed and blood samples for NT-Pro BNP and neopterin were analysed at baseline and after 3 months of intervention in both groups. Results There was a significant improvement in NYHA class in ivabradine group (p < 0.001). Ejection fraction was improved in ivabradine and non-ivabradine groups after intervention (p < 0.001), with a greater improvement in ivabradine group (p = 0.026). Heart rate was reduced in ivabradine group (p < 0.001) and non-ivabradine group (p < 0.001) yet greater reduction was seen in ivabradine group (p < 0.001). Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were reduced in ivabradine group (Scr: p = 0.001, BUN: p = 0.001). NT-Pro BNP and neopterin levels significantly decreased in ivabradine group (NT-Pro BNP: p < 0.001, neopterin p < 0.001). Significant positive correlation was found between HR and biomarker levels after intervention (NT-Pro BNP: r = 0.475, p < 0.001, neopterin: r = 0.384, p = 0.002). Conclusion Ivabradine therapy reduced levels of both biomarkers which correlated well with HR. Biomarker levels might provide a tool for assessing ivabradine effectiveness in HF. Trial registration Date: June 26, 2020. Identifier: NCT04448899. Link: Ivabradine in Patients with Congestive Heart Failure—Full Text View—ClinicalTrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaidaa M. Dogheim
- Pharmacy Practice Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Al Mesallah Sharq, Qism Bab Sharqi, Alexandria, Alexandria Governorate Egypt
| | - Ibtsam Khairat
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Gamal A. Omran
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514 Egypt
| | - Sahar M. El-Haggar
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. El Amrawy
- Cardiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rehab H. Werida
- Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, 22514 Egypt
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11
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Choi S, Seo H, Lee K, Shin DH, Wu MJ, Wu W, Huang X, Zhang J, Hong C, Jun JY. Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels working as pacemaker channels in colonic interstitial cells of Cajal. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 26:364-374. [PMID: 34845842 PMCID: PMC8743669 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization‐activated cyclic nucleotide‐gated (HCN) channels function as pacemaker channels in spontaneously active cells. We studied the existence of HCN channels and their functional roles in the interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) from the mouse colon using electrophysiological, immunohistochemical and molecular techniques. HCN1 and HCN3 channels were detected in anoctamin‐1 (Ca2+‐activated Cl− channel; ANO1)‐positive cells within the muscular and myenteric layers in colonic tissues. The mRNA transcripts of HCN1 and HCN3 channels were expressed in ANO1‐positive ICC. In the deletion of HCN1 and HCN3 channels in colonic ICC, the pacemaking potential frequency was reduced. Basal cellular adenylate cyclase activity was decreased by adenylate cyclase inhibitor in colonic ICC, whereas cAMP‐specific phosphodiesterase inhibitors increased it. 8‐Bromo‐cyclic AMP and rolipram increased spontaneous intracellular Ca2+ oscillations. In addition, Ca2+‐dependent adenylate cyclase 1 (AC1) mRNA was detected in colonic ICC. Sulprostone, a PGE2‐EP3 agonist, increased the pacemaking potential frequency, maximum rate of rise of resting membrane in pacemaker potentials and basal cellular adenylate cyclase activity in colonic ICC. These results indicate that HCN channels exist in colonic ICC and participate in generating pacemaking potentials. Thus, HCN channels may be therapeutic targets in disturbed colonic motility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Choi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hyunhyo Seo
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Kyungmin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Brain Science & Engineering Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Shin
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Mei Jin Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Wenhao Wu
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Xingyou Huang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jingwei Zhang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Chansik Hong
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jae Yeoul Jun
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Korea
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12
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Mok K, Tsoi H, Man EPS, Leung M, Chau KM, Wong L, Chan W, Chan S, Luk M, Chan JY, Leung JK, Chan YH, Batalha S, Lau V, Siu DC, Lee TK, Gong C, Khoo U. Repurposing hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels as a novel therapy for breast cancer. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e578. [PMID: 34841695 PMCID: PMC8567035 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are members of the voltage-gated cation channel family known to be expressed in the heart and central nervous system. Ivabradine, a small molecule HCN channel-blocker, is FDA-approved for clinical use as a heart rate-reducing agent. We found that HCN2 and HCN3 are overexpressed in breast cancer cells compared with normal breast epithelia, and the high expression of HCN2 and HCN3 is associated with poorer survival in breast cancer patients. Inhibition of HCN by Ivabradine or by RNAi, aborted breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and suppressed tumour growth in patient-derived tumour xenograft models established from triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tissues, with no evident side-effects on the mice. Transcriptome-wide analysis showed enrichment for cholesterol metabolism and biosynthesis as well as lipid metabolism pathways associated with ER-stress following Ivabradine treatment. Mechanistic studies confirmed that HCN inhibition leads to ER-stress, in part due to disturbed Ca2+ homeostasis, which subsequently triggered the apoptosis cascade. More importantly, we investigated the synergistic effect of Ivabradine and paclitaxel on TNBC and confirmed that both drugs acted synergistically in vitro through ER-stress to amplify signals for caspase activation. Combination therapy could suppress tumour growth of xenografts at much lower doses for both drugs. In summary, our study identified a new molecular target with potential for being developed into targeted therapy, providing scientific grounds for initiating clinical trials for a new treatment regimen of combining HCN inhibition with chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka‐Chun Mok
- Department of PathologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Ho Tsoi
- Department of PathologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Ellen PS Man
- Department of PathologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Man‐Hong Leung
- Department of PathologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Ka Man Chau
- Department of PathologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Lai‐San Wong
- Department of Clinical OncologyQueen Mary HospitalHong KongHong Kong
| | - Wing‐Lok Chan
- Department of Clinical OncologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Sum‐Yin Chan
- Department of Clinical OncologyQueen Mary HospitalHong KongHong Kong
| | - Mai‐Yee Luk
- Department of Clinical OncologyQueen Mary HospitalHong KongHong Kong
| | - Jessie Y.W. Chan
- Department of SurgeryPamela Youde Nethersole Eastern HospitalHong KongHong Kong
| | - Jackie K.M. Leung
- Department of SurgeryPamela Youde Nethersole Eastern HospitalHong KongHong Kong
| | | | - Sellma Batalha
- Department of PathologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Virginia Lau
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - David C.W. Siu
- Department of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Terence K.W. Lee
- Department of Applied Biology & Chemical TechnologyThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongHong Kong
| | - Chun Gong
- Department of PathologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
| | - Ui‐Soon Khoo
- Department of PathologyLi Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongHong Kong
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13
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Compensatory ion transport buffers daily protein rhythms to regulate osmotic balance and cellular physiology. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6035. [PMID: 34654800 PMCID: PMC8520019 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25942-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Between 6-20% of the cellular proteome is under circadian control and tunes mammalian cell function with daily environmental cycles. For cell viability, and to maintain volume within narrow limits, the daily variation in osmotic potential exerted by changes in the soluble proteome must be counterbalanced. The mechanisms and consequences of this osmotic compensation have not been investigated before. In cultured cells and in tissue we find that compensation involves electroneutral active transport of Na+, K+, and Cl- through differential activity of SLC12A family cotransporters. In cardiomyocytes ex vivo and in vivo, compensatory ion fluxes confer daily variation in electrical activity. Perturbation of soluble protein abundance has commensurate effects on ion composition and cellular function across the circadian cycle. Thus, circadian regulation of the proteome impacts ion homeostasis with substantial consequences for the physiology of electrically active cells such as cardiomyocytes.
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14
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Colombe AS, Pidoux G. Cardiac cAMP-PKA Signaling Compartmentalization in Myocardial Infarction. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040922. [PMID: 33923648 PMCID: PMC8073060 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Under physiological conditions, cAMP signaling plays a key role in the regulation of cardiac function. Activation of this intracellular signaling pathway mirrors cardiomyocyte adaptation to various extracellular stimuli. Extracellular ligand binding to seven-transmembrane receptors (also known as GPCRs) with G proteins and adenylyl cyclases (ACs) modulate the intracellular cAMP content. Subsequently, this second messenger triggers activation of specific intracellular downstream effectors that ensure a proper cellular response. Therefore, it is essential for the cell to keep the cAMP signaling highly regulated in space and time. The temporal regulation depends on the activity of ACs and phosphodiesterases. By scaffolding key components of the cAMP signaling machinery, A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) coordinate both the spatial and temporal regulation. Myocardial infarction is one of the major causes of death in industrialized countries and is characterized by a prolonged cardiac ischemia. This leads to irreversible cardiomyocyte death and impairs cardiac function. Regardless of its causes, a chronic activation of cardiac cAMP signaling is established to compensate this loss. While this adaptation is primarily beneficial for contractile function, it turns out, in the long run, to be deleterious. This review compiles current knowledge about cardiac cAMP compartmentalization under physiological conditions and post-myocardial infarction when it appears to be profoundly impaired.
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15
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Soattin L, Borbas Z, Caldwell J, Prendergast B, Vohra A, Saeed Y, Hoschtitzky A, Yanni J, Atkinson A, Logantha SJ, Borbas B, Garratt C, Morris GM, Dobrzynski H. Structural and Functional Properties of Subsidiary Atrial Pacemakers in a Goat Model of Sinus Node Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 12:592229. [PMID: 33746765 PMCID: PMC7969524 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.592229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The sinoatrial/sinus node (SAN) is the primary pacemaker of the heart. In humans, SAN is surrounded by the paranodal area (PNA). Although the PNA function remains debated, it is thought to act as a subsidiary atrial pacemaker (SAP) tissue and become the dominant pacemaker in the setting of sinus node disease (SND). Large animal models of SND allow characterization of SAP, which might be a target for novel treatment strategies for SAN diseases. Methods A goat model of SND was developed (n = 10) by epicardially ablating the SAN and validated by mapping of emergent SAP locations through an ablation catheter and surface electrocardiogram (ECG). Structural characterization of the goat SAN and SAP was assessed by histology and immunofluorescence techniques. Results When the SAN was ablated, SAPs featured a shortened atrioventricular conduction, consistent with the location in proximity of atrioventricular junction. SAP recovery time showed significant prolongation compared to the SAN recovery time, followed by a decrease over a follow-up of 4 weeks. Like the SAN tissue, the SAP expressed the main isoform of pacemaker hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 (HCN4) and Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 1 (NCX1) and no high conductance connexin 43 (Cx43). Structural characterization of the right atrium (RA) revealed that the SAN was located at the earliest activation [i.e., at the junction of the superior vena cava (SVC) with the RA] and was surrounded by the paranodal-like tissue, extending down to the inferior vena cava (IVC). Emerged SAPs were localized close to the IVC and within the thick band of the atrial muscle known as the crista terminalis (CT). Conclusions SAN ablation resulted in the generation of chronic SAP activity in 60% of treated animals. SAP displayed development over time and was located within the previously discovered PNA in humans, suggesting its role as dominant pacemaker in SND. Therefore, SAP in goat constitutes a promising stable target for electrophysiological modification to construct a fully functioning pacemaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Soattin
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Zoltan Borbas
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Jane Caldwell
- Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Hull University Teaching Hospitals, Hull, United Kingdom.,Hull York Medical School, Hull, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Prendergast
- Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Akbar Vohra
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Yawer Saeed
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Andreas Hoschtitzky
- Adult Congenital Heart Disease Unit, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom.,Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joseph Yanni
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Atkinson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Sunil Jit Logantha
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Balint Borbas
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Clifford Garratt
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Gwilym Matthew Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Manchester Heart Centre, Central Manchester University Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Halina Dobrzynski
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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16
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Acharya R, Shrestha R. Postpartum Transient Hypervagotonic Sinus Node Dysfunction Leading to Sinus Bradycardia: A Case Report. Cureus 2020; 12:e9186. [PMID: 32818118 PMCID: PMC7426660 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.9186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Sinus bradycardia is common in children and adults, especially during sleep. The heart rate can drop below 30 beats per minute. Up to 35% of healthy individuals below 25 years of age, trained athletes, and those with a rare form of the familial syndrome with potassium/sodium hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4 (HCN4) mutation may have asymptomatic sinus bradycardia without any heart diseases. The increased vagal tone has been associated with profound bradycardia in various pathophysiologic settings including pain. Herein, we report the first case of a young Caucasian female with transient symptomatic bradycardia due to postpartum hypervagotonic sinus node dysfunction (SND).
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17
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The Effect of Ivabradine on the Human Atrial Myocardial Contractility in an In Vitro Study. Cardiol Res Pract 2019; 2019:7512318. [PMID: 31827920 PMCID: PMC6885252 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7512318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Ivabradine has emerged as a new antiarrhythmic agent that could compete with the traditional ones, such as beta-blockers. This experimental study aims to ascertain whether ivabradine directly interferes with the myocardial contractility in an in vitro environment. Methods Myocardial tissues from the right atrial appendages of patients undergoing cardiac surgery were dissected to obtain 40 specimens from 20 patients (length: 3 mm), which were exposed to electrical impulses at a frequency of 75 bpm for 30 min to reach a steady state. Specimens were then categorised into four groups (each including five patients). The first group was the control, whereas the second, third, and fourth were treated with 60 nM, 200 nM, and 2 μM ivabradine, respectively. We assessed five different contraction parameters before and after a 15 min treatment and calculated their relative changes, which were then compared to the control group. Results Ivabradine has affected the force of contraction significantly in vitro (p=0.009). However, force of contraction decreased in both the control group (93.5 ± 4.7%) and the second group (94.1 ± 4.5%, p=0.8) and force of contraction remained unchanged in the third group (101.0 ± 4.1%, p=0.24) and increased significantly in the fourth group (108.9 ± 11.6%, p=0.008). There was no change in other contraction parameters, such as passive tension force (97.1 ± 5.1%, p=0.368), duration of contraction (99.1 ± 4.3%, p=0.816), time to peak (96.6 ± 3.0%, p=0.536), and time to relaxation (101.2 ± 7.0%, p=0.564). Conclusions Ivabradine did not interfere with the contractile behaviour of human atrial tissue when it was used in therapeutic dosages in vitro. However, it increased the contractility slightly, when it was used in supratherapeutic dosage.
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18
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Nakano Y, Ochi H, Sairaku A, Onohara Y, Tokuyama T, Motoda C, Matsumura H, Tomomori S, Amioka M, Hironobe N, Ohkubo Y, Okamura S, Makita N, Yoshida Y, Chayama K, Kihara Y. HCN4 Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated With Occurrence of Tachycardia-Induced Cardiomyopathy in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2019; 11:e001980. [PMID: 29987112 DOI: 10.1161/circgen.117.001980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) is a reversible cardiomyopathy induced by tachyarrhythmia, and the genetic background of the TIC is not well understood. The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel gene HCN4 is highly expressed in the conduction system where it is involved in heart rate control. We speculated that the HCN4 gene is associated with TIC. METHODS We enrolled 930 Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) for screening, 350 Japanese patients with AF for replication, and 1635 non-AF controls. In the screening AF set, we compared HCN4 single-nucleotide polymorphism genotypes between AF subjects with TIC (TIC, n=73) and without TIC (non-TIC, n=857). Of 17 HCN4 gene-tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms, rs7172796, rs2680344, rs7164883, rs11631816, and rs12905211 were significantly associated with TIC. Among them, only rs7164883 was independently associated with TIC after conditional analysis (TIC versus non-TIC: minor allele frequency, 26.0% versus 9.7%; P=1.62×10-9; odds ratio=3.2). RESULTS We confirmed this association of HCN4 single-nucleotide polymorphism rs7164883 with TIC in the replication set (TIC=41 and non-TIC=309; minor allele frequency, 28% versus 9.9%; P=1.94×10-6; odds ratio=3.6). The minor allele frequency of rs7164883 was similar in patients with AF and non-AF controls (11% versus 10.9%; P=0.908). CONCLUSIONS The HCN4 gene single-nucleotide polymorphism rs7164883 may be a new genetic marker for TIC in patients with AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukiko Nakano
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Y.N., A.S., Y.O., T.T., C.M., H.M., S.T., M.A., N.H., S.O., Y.K.). .,Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Y.N., H.O., K.C.)
| | - Hidenori Ochi
- Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Y.N., H.O., K.C.).,Liver Research Project Center Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.O., K.C.).,Department of Internal Medicine, Chuden Hospital, The Chugoku Electric Power Company, Japan (H.O.).,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (H.O., K.C.)
| | - Akinori Sairaku
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Y.N., A.S., Y.O., T.T., C.M., H.M., S.T., M.A., N.H., S.O., Y.K.)
| | - Yuko Onohara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Y.N., A.S., Y.O., T.T., C.M., H.M., S.T., M.A., N.H., S.O., Y.K.)
| | - Takehito Tokuyama
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Y.N., A.S., Y.O., T.T., C.M., H.M., S.T., M.A., N.H., S.O., Y.K.)
| | - Chikaaki Motoda
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Y.N., A.S., Y.O., T.T., C.M., H.M., S.T., M.A., N.H., S.O., Y.K.)
| | - Hiroya Matsumura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Y.N., A.S., Y.O., T.T., C.M., H.M., S.T., M.A., N.H., S.O., Y.K.)
| | - Shunsuke Tomomori
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Y.N., A.S., Y.O., T.T., C.M., H.M., S.T., M.A., N.H., S.O., Y.K.)
| | - Michitaka Amioka
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Y.N., A.S., Y.O., T.T., C.M., H.M., S.T., M.A., N.H., S.O., Y.K.)
| | - Naoya Hironobe
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Y.N., A.S., Y.O., T.T., C.M., H.M., S.T., M.A., N.H., S.O., Y.K.)
| | - Yousaku Ohkubo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Y.N., A.S., Y.O., T.T., C.M., H.M., S.T., M.A., N.H., S.O., Y.K.)
| | - Shou Okamura
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Y.N., A.S., Y.O., T.T., C.M., H.M., S.T., M.A., N.H., S.O., Y.K.)
| | - Naomasa Makita
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan (N.M.)
| | - Yukihiko Yoshida
- Department of Cardiology, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya Daini Hospital, Nagoya, Japan (Y.Y.)
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Y.N., H.O., K.C.).,Liver Research Project Center Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan (H.O., K.C.).,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (H.O., K.C.)
| | - Yasuki Kihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima, Japan (Y.N., A.S., Y.O., T.T., C.M., H.M., S.T., M.A., N.H., S.O., Y.K.)
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19
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Abstract
It is established that an intensive training results in a lower average resting heart rate. Management of bradycardia in an athlete can be difficult given the underlying mechanisms are not clearly understood. The authors reviewed the different mechanisms described in the literature, including recent advances in physiology regarding remodeling of ion channels, which may partially explain bradycardia in athletes. Sinus bradycardia amongst athletes, especially endurance focused athletes, is common but difficult to apprehend. The underlying mechanisms are observably of multifactorial origin and likely incompletely elucidated by the current body of knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Doyen
- Department of Cardiology, CHU UCL Namur , Yvoir , Belgium
| | - David Matelot
- Department of Cardiology, Hopital Pontchaillou , Rennes , France
| | - François Carré
- Department of Cardiology, Hopital Pontchaillou Service de medecine du sport , Rennes , France
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20
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Katsi V, Skalis G, Kallistratos MS, Tsioufis K, Makris T, Manolis AJ, Tousoulis D. Ivabradine and metoprolol in fixed dose combination: When, why and how to use it. Pharmacol Res 2019; 146:104279. [PMID: 31108185 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Heart rate is an important factor in coronary artery disease and its manifestations, and as such has been considered as a possible target for therapy. Although in epidemiological, and in less degree, in clinical studies derived indications of a possible pathogenetic role of heart rate in major cardiac diseases, clinical trials did not provided any strong evidence. However, even as a simple risk marker, remains important in the treatment of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Beta-blockers are the drugs most frequently used for heart rate control. However, recent studies constantly find insufficient effectiveness of beta-blockers in heart rate control and go further to question their efficacy on outcomes, making clear the need for an additional therapy. Ivabradine, a pure heart rate inhibitor, added to classic beta-blocker treatment represent the new therapeutic option in stable coronary disease and heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Katsi
- Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - G Skalis
- Department of Cardiology, Helena Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - M S Kallistratos
- Department of Cardiology, Asklepeion General Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - K Tsioufis
- Cardiology Department, Hippokration Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - T Makris
- Department of Cardiology, Helena Venizelou Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - A J Manolis
- Department of Cardiology, Asklepeion General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - D Tousoulis
- Department of Cardiology, Asklepeion General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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21
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Chang CJ, Li SJ, Chen YC, Huang SY, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Histone deacetylase inhibition attenuates atrial arrhythmogenesis in sterile pericarditis. Transl Res 2018; 200:54-64. [PMID: 30670155 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac surgery is complicated with atrial fibrillation (AF). Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibition reduces AF occurrence. In pericarditis, HDAC inhibition may modulate AF trigger and substrate. We recorded electrocardiograms in control and pericardiotomic (op) rabbits without and with an intraperitoneal injection of MPT0E014 (HDAC inhibitor). Conventional microelectrodes recorded action potentials (APs) in pulmonary veins (PVs), the right and left atrium (LA). Masson's trichrome was used to identify collagen fibers in PVs and the LA. Electrocardiograms showed frequent atrial premature contractions in op rabbits, but not in the other 3 groups. The beating rates in PVs and opPVs were decreased by MPT0E014 treatment. Spontaneous burst firings occurred in opPVs (36.4%), but not in control PVs. H2O2 induced greater burst firings in opPVs (72.7%) than in control PVs (11.1%), MPT0E014-treated PVs (16.7%), and MPT0E014-treated opPVs (12.5%). The AP duration at a repolarization extent of 90% (APD90) was shorter in the opLA than that in the control LA. In the presence of isoproterenol (1 μM), rapid atrial pacing (RAP, 20 Hz) induced a higher incidence of burst firings in the opLA (90%) than in the other groups. In contrast, acetylcholine (5 mM) and RAP induced a lower incidence of burst firing in the MPT0E014-treated LA (33.3%) than in the other groups. Fibrosis prevailed in opPVs and the opLA compared to the respective control PVs and LA, which was attenuated in those that received MPT0E014. In conclusion, a pericardiotomy increased fibrosis and arrhythmogenesis in PVs and the LA, which were prevented by HDAC inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Jung Chang
- Division of Cardiology, Tungs' Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shao-Jung Li
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yu Huang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- National Yang-Ming University, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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22
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Pálvölgyi A, Simpson J, Bodnár I, Bíró J, Palkovits M, Radovits T, Skehel P, Antoni FA. Auto-inhibition of adenylyl cyclase 9 (AC9) by an isoform-specific motif in the carboxyl-terminal region. Cell Signal 2018; 51:266-275. [PMID: 30121334 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Trans-membrane adenylyl cyclase (tmAC) isoforms show markedly distinct regulatory properties that have not been fully explored. AC9 is highly expressed in vital organs such as the heart and the brain. Here, we report that the isoform-specific carboxyl-terminal domain (C2b) of AC9 inhibits the activation of the enzyme by Gs-coupled receptors (GsCR). In human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) stably overexpressing AC9, cAMP production by AC9 induced upon the activation of endogenous β-adrenergic and prostanoid GsCRs was barely discernible. Cells expressing AC9 lacking the C2b domain showed a markedly enhanced cAMP response to GsCR. Subsequent studies of the response of AC9 mutants to the activation of GsCR revealed that residues 1268-1276 in the C2b domain were critical for auto-inhibition. Two main species of AC9 of 130 K and ≥ 170 K apparent molecular weight were observed on immunoblots of rodent and human myocardial membranes with NH2-terminally directed anti-AC9 antibodies. The lower molecular weight AC9 band did not react with antibodies directed against the C2b domain. It was the predominant species of AC9 in rodent heart tissue and some of the human samples. There is a single gene for AC9 in vertebrates, moreover, amino acids 957-1353 of the COOH-terminus are encoded by a single exon with no apparent signs of mRNA splicing or editing making it highly unlikely that COOH-terminally truncated AC9 could arise through the processing or editing of mRNA. Thus, deductive reasoning leads to the suggestion that proteolytic cleavage of the C2b auto-inhibitory domain may govern the activation of AC9 by GsCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Pálvölgyi
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - James Simpson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ibolya Bodnár
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Bíró
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank and Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Semmelweis University Heart and Vascular Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paul Skehel
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ferenc A Antoni
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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23
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Mader F, Müller S, Krause L, Springer A, Kernig K, Protzel C, Porath K, Rackow S, Wittstock T, Frank M, Hakenberg OW, Köhling R, Kirschstein T. Hyperpolarization-Activated Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated Non-selective (HCN) Ion Channels Regulate Human and Murine Urinary Bladder Contractility. Front Physiol 2018; 9:753. [PMID: 29971015 PMCID: PMC6018223 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide gated non-selective (HCN) channels have been demonstrated in the urinary bladder in various species. Since they play a major role in governing rhythmic activity in pacemaker cells like in the sinoatrial node, we explored the role of these channels in human and murine detrusor smooth muscle. Methods: In an organ bath, human and murine detrusor smooth muscle specimens were challenged with the HCN channel blocker ZD7288. In human tissue derived from macroscopically tumor-free cancer resections, the urothelium was removed. In addition, HCN1-deficient mice were used to identify the contribution of this particular isoform. Expression of HCN channels in the urinary bladder was analyzed using histological and ultrastructural analyses as well as quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: We found that the HCN channel blocker ZD7288 (50 μM) both induced tonic contractions and increased phasic contraction amplitudes in human and murine detrusor specimens. While these responses were not sensitive to tetrodotoxin, they were significantly reduced by the gap junction inhibitor 18β-glycyrrhetic acid suggesting that HCN channels are located within the gap junction-interconnected smooth muscle cell network rather than on efferent nerve fibers. Immunohistochemistry suggested HCN channel expression on smooth muscle tissue, and immunoelectron microscopy confirmed the scattered presence of HCN2 on smooth muscle cell membranes. HCN channels seem to be down-regulated with aging, which is paralleled by an increasing effect of ZD7288 in aging detrusor tissue. Importantly, the anticonvulsant and HCN channel activator lamotrigine relaxed the detrusor which could be reversed by ZD7288. Conclusion: These findings demonstrate that HCN channels are functionally present and localized on smooth muscle cells of the urinary bladder. Given the age-dependent decline of these channels in humans, activation of HCN channels by compounds such as lamotrigine opens up the opportunity to combat detrusor hyperactivity in the elderly by drugs already approved for epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Mader
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Müller
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ludwig Krause
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Armin Springer
- Department of Medical Biology, Electron Microscopy Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karoline Kernig
- Department of Urology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Chris Protzel
- Department of Urology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Katrin Porath
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Simone Rackow
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tristan Wittstock
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Marcus Frank
- Department of Medical Biology, Electron Microscopy Center, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Rüdiger Köhling
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Timo Kirschstein
- Oscar Langendorff Institute of Physiology, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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24
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Mengesha HG, Tafesse TB, Bule MH. If Channel as an Emerging Therapeutic Target for Cardiovascular Diseases: A Review of Current Evidence and Controversies. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:874. [PMID: 29225577 PMCID: PMC5705549 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2015, non-communicable diseases accounted for 39.5 million (70%) of the total 56.4 million deaths that occurred globally, of which 17.7 million (45%) were due to cardiovascular diseases. An elevated heart rate is considered to be one of the independent predictors and markers of future cardiovascular diseases. A variety of experimental and epidemiological studies have found that atherosclerosis, heart failure, coronary artery disease, stroke, and arrhythmia are linked to elevated heart rate. Although there are established drugs to reduce the heart rate, these drugs have undesirable side effects. Hence, the development of new drugs that selectively inhibit the heart rate is considered necessary. In the search for such drugs, almost four decades ago the If channel, also known as the “funny channel,” emerged as a novel site for the selective inhibition of heart rate. These If channels, with a mixed sodium and potassium inward current, have been identified in the sinoatrial node of the heart, which mediates the slow diastolic depolarization of the pacemaker of the spontaneous rhythmic cells. The hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) subfamily is primarily articulated in the heart and neurons that are encoded by a family of four genes (HCN1-4) and they identify the funny channel. Of these, HCN-4 is the principal protein in the sinoatrial node. Currently, funny channel inhibition is being targeted for the treatment and prevention of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and stroke. A selective If channel inhibitor named ivabradine was discovered for clinical use in treating heart failure and coronary artery disease. However, inconsistencies regarding the clinical effects of ivabradine have been reported in the literature, suggesting the need for a rigorous analysis of the available evidence. The objective of this review is therefore to assess the current advances in targeting the If channel associated with ivabradine and related challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayelom G Mengesha
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Research Unit, School of Pharmacy, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia.,College of Medicine and Health Science, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
| | - Tadesse B Tafesse
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
| | - Mohammed H Bule
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
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25
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Pai VP, Willocq V, Pitcairn EJ, Lemire JM, Paré JF, Shi NQ, McLaughlin KA, Levin M. HCN4 ion channel function is required for early events that regulate anatomical left-right patterning in a nodal and lefty asymmetric gene expression-independent manner. Biol Open 2017; 6:1445-1457. [PMID: 28818840 PMCID: PMC5665463 DOI: 10.1242/bio.025957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Laterality is a basic characteristic of all life forms, from single cell organisms to complex plants and animals. For many metazoans, consistent left-right asymmetric patterning is essential for the correct anatomy of internal organs, such as the heart, gut, and brain; disruption of left-right asymmetry patterning leads to an important class of birth defects in human patients. Laterality functions across multiple scales, where early embryonic, subcellular and chiral cytoskeletal events are coupled with asymmetric amplification mechanisms and gene regulatory networks leading to asymmetric physical forces that ultimately result in distinct left and right anatomical organ patterning. Recent studies have suggested the existence of multiple parallel pathways regulating organ asymmetry. Here, we show that an isoform of the hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) family of ion channels (hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 4, HCN4) is important for correct left-right patterning. HCN4 channels are present very early in Xenopus embryos. Blocking HCN channels (Ih currents) with pharmacological inhibitors leads to errors in organ situs. This effect is only seen when HCN4 channels are blocked early (pre-stage 10) and not by a later block (post-stage 10). Injections of HCN4-DN (dominant-negative) mRNA induce left-right defects only when injected in both blastomeres no later than the 2-cell stage. Analysis of key asymmetric genes' expression showed that the sidedness of Nodal, Lefty, and Pitx2 expression is largely unchanged by HCN4 blockade, despite the randomization of subsequent organ situs, although the area of Pitx2 expression was significantly reduced. Together these data identify a novel, developmental role for HCN4 channels and reveal a new Nodal-Lefty-Pitx2 asymmetric gene expression-independent mechanism upstream of organ positioning during embryonic left-right patterning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav P Pai
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Valerie Willocq
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Emily J Pitcairn
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Joan M Lemire
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Jean-François Paré
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Nian-Qing Shi
- Department of Medicine at University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Kelly A McLaughlin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Michael Levin
- Allen Discovery Center at Tufts University, 200 Boston Ave, Suite 4600, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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26
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Patel S, Veltri K. New Novel Treatment Approaches for Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction. J Pharm Pract 2017; 30:541-548. [DOI: 10.1177/0897190016649123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite availability of standardized drug therapies with proven beneficial outcomes, heart failure is associated with poor quality of life, increased hospital readmission, and high mortality rate. In the recent years, comprehensive understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of heart failure has led to the development and approval of 2 new pharmacological agents, sacubitril–valsartan and ivabradine. These agents are currently approved for use in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and present as novel approaches to further improve prognosis and outcomes in patients with HF. They offer alternative treatment options for patients who are intolerant or continue to be symptomatic despite utilization of standard HF drug therapies at optimally tolerated dosages. A review of these 2 novel agents in HFrEF, including information on pivotal trials that led to its approval and its place in therapy for HFrEF, is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreya Patel
- Pharmacy Practice, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY, USA
| | - Keith Veltri
- Pharmacy Practice, Touro College of Pharmacy, New York, NY, USA
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27
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Tae HS, Smith KM, Phillips AM, Boyle KA, Li M, Forster IC, Hatch RJ, Richardson R, Hughes DI, Graham BA, Petrou S, Reid CA. Gabapentin Modulates HCN4 Channel Voltage-Dependence. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:554. [PMID: 28871229 PMCID: PMC5566583 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Gabapentin (GBP) is widely used to treat epilepsy and neuropathic pain. There is evidence that GBP can act on hyperpolarization-activated cation (HCN) channel-mediated Ih in brain slice experiments. However, evidence showing that GBP directly modulates HCN channels is lacking. The effect of GBP was tested using two-electrode voltage clamp recordings from human HCN1, HCN2, and HCN4 channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Whole-cell recordings were also made from mouse spinal cord slices targeting either parvalbumin positive (PV+) or calretinin positive (CR+) inhibitory neurons. The effect of GBP on Ih was measured in each inhibitory neuron population. HCN4 expression was assessed in the spinal cord using immunohistochemistry. When applied to HCN4 channels, GBP (100 μM) caused a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage of half activation (V1/2) thereby reducing the currents. Gabapentin had no impact on the V1/2 of HCN1 or HCN2 channels. There was a robust increase in the time to half activation for HCN4 channels with only a small increase noted for HCN1 channels. Gabapentin also caused a hyperpolarizing shift in the V1/2 of Ih measured from HCN4-expressing PV+ inhibitory neurons in the spinal dorsal horn. Gabapentin had minimal effect on Ih recorded from CR+ neurons. Consistent with this, immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the majority of CR+ inhibitory neurons do not express somatic HCN4 channels. In conclusion, GBP reduces HCN4 channel-mediated currents through a hyperpolarized shift in the V1/2. The HCN channel subtype selectivity of GBP provides a unique tool for investigating HCN4 channel function in the central nervous system. The HCN4 channel is a candidate molecular target for the acute analgesic and anticonvulsant actions of GBP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Shen Tae
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
| | - Kelly M Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, CallaghanNSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton HeightsNSW, Australia
| | - A Marie Phillips
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, ParkvilleVIC, Australia.,School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
| | - Kieran A Boyle
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of GlasgowGlasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Melody Li
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
| | - Ian C Forster
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
| | - Robert J Hatch
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
| | - Robert Richardson
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
| | - David I Hughes
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of GlasgowGlasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Brett A Graham
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, CallaghanNSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton HeightsNSW, Australia
| | - Steven Petrou
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
| | - Christopher A Reid
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, ParkvilleVIC, Australia
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28
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Godino C, Colombo A, Margonato A. Ivabradine in Patients with Stable Coronary Artery Disease: A Rationale for Use in Addition to and Beyond Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. Clin Drug Investig 2016; 37:105-120. [PMID: 27766510 DOI: 10.1007/s40261-016-0472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Heart rate is an established prognostic marker for longevity and is an important contributor in the pathophysiology of various cardiovascular diseases, including ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Most ischemic episodes are triggered by an increase in heart rate, which causes an imbalance between myocardial oxygen delivery and consumption. In addition, increased heart rate is a modifiable risk factor for chronic heart failure. Ivabradine, an inhibitor of If ion channels, is an approved second-line anti-ischemic drug for the treatment of angina. Ivabradine has been shown to decrease the risk of hospitalization in patients with chronic heart failure who were previously treated with β-blockers, renin-angiotensin system blockers or mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. This review describes the rationale for the pathophysiological and clinical use of ivabradine as an anti-ischemic agent in patients with stable coronary disease and highlights its benefits and drawbacks compared with other first- and second-line anti-anginal drugs. The review also highlights the role of ivabradine as a treatment for patients with high-risk coronary artery disease in whom first-line anti-anginal drugs are insufficient or inadequate and percutaneous coronary intervention is contraindicated or revascularization is incomplete or unsuitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmo Godino
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.
| | - Antonio Colombo
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,EMO-GVM Centro Cuore Columbus, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Margonato
- Cardio-Thoracic-Vascular Department, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy
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29
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Boularan C, Gales C. Cardiac cAMP: production, hydrolysis, modulation and detection. Front Pharmacol 2015; 6:203. [PMID: 26483685 PMCID: PMC4589651 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2015.00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP) modulates a broad range of biological processes including the regulation of cardiac myocyte contractile function where it constitutes the main second messenger for β-adrenergic receptors' signaling to fulfill positive chronotropic, inotropic and lusitropic effects. A growing number of studies pinpoint the role of spatial organization of the cAMP signaling as an essential mechanism to regulate cAMP outcomes in cardiac physiology. Here, we will briefly discuss the complexity of cAMP synthesis and degradation in the cardiac context, describe the way to detect it and review the main pharmacological arsenal to modulate its availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Boularan
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
| | - Céline Gales
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1048, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier Toulouse, France
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Homocysteine, Ischemic Stroke, and Coronary Heart Disease in Hypertensive Patients. Stroke 2015; 46:1777-86. [DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.115.009111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose—
Total homocysteine level (tHcy) is a risk factor of ischemic stroke (IS) and coronary heart disease. However, the results are conflicting and mainly focused on healthy individuals in developed countries.
Methods—
A prospective, population-based cohort study was conducted among 5935 participants from 60 communities in the city of Shenzhen, China. A Cox regression analysis was applied to evaluate the contribution of tHcy to the risk of IS and coronary heart disease. The effect of folic acid supplementation on tHcy levels was also evaluated among 501 patients with essential hypertension, who received an average of 2.5 years of folic acid supplementation.
Results—
After adjustment for confounding factors, the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of IS caused by hyperhomocysteinemia were 2.18 (1.65–2.89), 2.40 (1.56–3.67), and 2.73 (1.83–4.08) in the total, male, and female participants, respectively. Compared with normal levels of tHcy (<15 μmol/L), the hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) for IS in the highest tHcy category (≥30 μmol/L) were 4.96 (3.03–8.12), 6.11 (3.44–10.85), and 1.84 (0.52–6.46) in the total, males, and females participants, respectively. However, we did not observe a significant relationship between tHcy and the risk of coronary heart disease. The 2.5 years of folic acid supplementation reduced tHcy levels by 6.7 μmol/L (27.92%) in patients with essential hypertension.
Conclusions—
Hyperhomocysteinemia in Chinese hypertensive patients is significantly associated with IS risk but not coronary heart disease susceptibility, and folic acid supplementation can efficiently reduce tHcy levels.
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Scicchitano P, Cortese F, Ricci G, Carbonara S, Moncelli M, Iacoviello M, Cecere A, Gesualdo M, Zito A, Caldarola P, Scrutinio D, Lagioia R, Riccioni G, Ciccone MM. Ivabradine, coronary artery disease, and heart failure: beyond rhythm control. Drug Des Devel Ther 2014; 8:689-700. [PMID: 24940047 PMCID: PMC4051626 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s60591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Elevated heart rate could negatively influence cardiovascular risk in the general population. It can induce and promote the atherosclerotic process by means of several mechanisms involving endothelial shear stress and biochemical activities. Furthermore, elevated heart rate can directly increase heart ischemic conditions because of its skill in unbalancing demand/supply of oxygen and decreasing the diastolic period. Thus, many pharmacological treatments have been proposed in order to reduce heart rate and ameliorate the cardiovascular risk profile of individuals, especially those suffering from coronary artery diseases (CAD) and chronic heart failure (CHF). Ivabradine is the first pure heart rate reductive drug approved and currently used in humans, created in order to selectively reduce sinus node function and to overcome the many side effects of similar pharmacological tools (ie, β-blockers or calcium channel antagonists). The aim of our review is to evaluate the role and the safety of this molecule on CAD and CHF therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Scicchitano
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Cortese
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Gabriella Ricci
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Santa Carbonara
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Moncelli
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Iacoviello
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Annagrazia Cecere
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Michele Gesualdo
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Annapaola Zito
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Caldarola
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Policlinic, San Paolo Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Domenico Scrutinio
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione Maugeri, Cassano Murge, Italy
| | - Rocco Lagioia
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Fondazione Maugeri, Cassano Murge, Italy
| | - Graziano Riccioni
- Intensive Cardiology Care Unit, San Camillo de Lellis Hospital, Manfredonia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Marco Matteo Ciccone
- Section of Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, School of Medicine, Policlinico, Bari, Italy
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Zhang H, Li S, Qu D, Li B, He B, Wang C, Xu Z. Autologous biological pacing function with adrenergic-responsiveness in porcine of complete heart block. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:3747-51. [PMID: 23835270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2012] [Revised: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 06/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess the efficacy of autologous biological pacing function by autograft of gene-transferred mesenchymal stem cells in a porcine model of complete heart block. METHODS AND RESULTS Fourteen healthy young male pigs were randomized into active group (n=8) and control group (n=6). Porcine MSCs were transfected with Ad.HCN4 or Ad.Null. The pacemaker function of transfected MSCs was studied by whole-cell patch clamp. The CHB model of porcine was created with transthoracic ablation technique and the transfected MSCs were autografted into the free wall of right ventricle. The pacing function was studied by ECG and ambulatory Holter recording weekly. The adrenergic responsiveness was evaluated by the variation of heart rate after isoprenaline infusion or food provision following an overnight fasting. HCN4-MSCs expressed a robust time-dependent inward current (If) and the current density of If was 4.3±0.6 pA/pF at -105 mV. In week 2 after autograft, the heart rate of active group became significantly higher than control (53±5 bpm vs. 38±4 bpm, P<0.05) and the percent of pacing beats in active group was higher than control (69±10% vs. 28±8%, P<0.05). By infusion of isoprenaline, the heart rate was increased significantly in both groups. However, there was a significant increase of heart rate when presenting food for active group (P<0.05) while not in control. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrated that autografted HCN4-MSCs could increase the heart rate by providing an adrenergic-responsive biological pacing function, indicating a promising approach without immunological or ethical issues for the treatment of complete heart block.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Changhai Hospital, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Riccioni G. Ivabradine: an intelligent drug for the treatment of ischemic heart disease. Molecules 2012; 17:13592-604. [PMID: 23159921 PMCID: PMC6268242 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171113592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/30/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart rate (HR) is a precisely regulated variable, which plays a critical role in health and disease. Elevated resting HR is a significant predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population and patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). β-blocking drugs exert negative effects on regional myocardial blood flow and function when HR reduction is eliminated by atrial pacing; calcium channel antagonists (CCAs) functionally antagonize coronary vasoconstriction mediated through α-adreno-receptors and are thus devoid of this undesired effect, but the compounds are nevertheless negative inotropes. From these observations derives the necessity to find alternative, more selective drugs to reduce HR through inhibition of specific electrical current (I(f)). Ivabradine (IVA) is a novel specific HR-lowering agent that acts in sinus atrial node (SAN) cells by selectively inhibiting the pacemaker I(f) current in a dose-dependent manner by slowing the diastolic depolarization slope of SAN cells, and by reducing HR at rest during exercise in humans. Coronary artery diseases (CAD) represent the most common cause of death in middle-aged and older adults in European Countries. Most ischemic episodes are triggered by an increase in HR, that induces an imbalance between myocardial oxygen delivery and consumption. IVA, a selective and specific inhibitor of the I(f) current which reduced HR without adverse hemodynamic effects, has clearly and unequivocally demonstrated its efficacy in the treatment of chronic stable angina pectoris (CSAP) and myocardial ischemia with optimal tolerability profile due to selective interaction with I(f) channels. The aim of this review is to point out the usefulness of IVA in the treatment of ischemic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Riccioni
- Intensive Cardiology Care Unit, San Camillo de Lellis Hospital, Manfredonia, via Isonzo, 71043 Foggia, Italy.
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Quinn TA, Kohl P. Mechano-sensitivity of cardiac pacemaker function: pathophysiological relevance, experimental implications, and conceptual integration with other mechanisms of rhythmicity. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012; 110:257-68. [PMID: 23046620 PMCID: PMC3526794 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac pacemaker cells exhibit spontaneous, rhythmic electrical excitation, termed automaticity. This automatic initiation of action potentials requires spontaneous diastolic depolarisation, whose rate determines normal rhythm generation in the heart. Pacemaker mechanisms have been split recently into: (i) cyclic changes in trans-sarcolemmal ion flows (termed the ‘membrane-clock’), and (ii) rhythmic intracellular calcium cycling (the ‘calcium-clock’). These two ‘clocks’ undoubtedly interact, as trans-sarcolemmal currents involved in pacemaking include calcium-carrying mechanisms, while intracellular calcium cycling requires trans-sarcolemmal ion flux as the mechanism by which it affects membrane potential. The split into separate ‘clocks’ is, therefore, somewhat arbitrary. Nonetheless, the ‘clock’ metaphor has been conceptually stimulating, in particular since there is evidence to support the view that either ‘clock’ could be sufficient in principle to set the rate of pacemaker activation. Of course, the same has also been shown for sub-sets of ‘membrane-clock’ ion currents, illustrating the redundancy of mechanisms involved in maintaining such basic functionality as the heartbeat, a theme that is common for vital physiological systems. Following the conceptual path of identifying individual groups of sub-mechanisms, it is important to remember that the heart is able to adapt pacemaker rate to changes in haemodynamic load, even after isolation or transplantation, and on a beat-by-beat basis. Neither the ‘membrane-’ nor the ‘calcium-clock’ do, as such, inherently account for this rapid adaptation to circulatory demand (cellular Ca2+ balance changes over multiple beats, while variation of sarcolemmal ion channel presence takes even longer). This suggests that a third set of mechanisms must be involved in setting the pace. These mechanisms are characterised by their sensitivity to the cyclically changing mechanical environment, and – in analogy to the above terminology – this might be considered a ‘mechanics-clock’. In this review, we discuss possible roles of mechano-sensitive mechanisms for the entrainment of membrane current dynamics and calcium-handling. This can occur directly via stretch-activation of mechano-sensitive ion channels in the sarcolemma and/or in intracellular membrane compartments, as well as by modulation of ‘standard’ components of the ‘membrane-’ or ‘calcium-clock’. Together, these mechanisms allow rapid adaptation to changes in haemodynamic load, on a beat-by-beat basis. Additional relevance arises from the fact that mechano-sensitivity of pacemaking may help to explain pacemaker dysfunction in mechanically over- or under-loaded tissue. As the combined contributions of the various underlying oscillatory mechanisms are integrated at the pacemaker cell level into a single output – a train of pacemaker action potentials – we will not adhere to a metaphor that implies separate time-keeping units (‘clocks’), and rather focus on cardiac pacemaking as the result of interactions of a set of coupled oscillators, whose individual contributions vary depending on the pathophysiological context. We conclude by considering the utility and limitations of viewing the pacemaker as a coupled system of voltage-, calcium-, and mechanics-modulated oscillators that, by integrating a multitude of inputs, offers the high level of functional redundancy that is vitally important for cardiac automaticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alexander Quinn
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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