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Simpson J, Pálvölgyi A, Antoni FA. Direct stimulation of adenylyl cyclase 9 by the fungicide imidazole miconazole. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2019; 392:497-504. [PMID: 30607468 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-018-01610-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, nine genes encode trans-membrane adenylyl cyclase (tmAC) isoforms that synthesize the intracellular messenger compound cAMP from ATP. As cAMP is produced in virtually all types of cell, isoform-selective modulators of tmAC would have major research and therapeutic potential. This study investigated the effects of fungicide imidazoles previously shown to suppress cAMP production in various tissues on the activities of tmAC isoforms AC1, 2, or 9 stably expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Intact cells, as well as crude membranes, were exposed to various imidazoles or known stimulators of tmAC and the ensuing changes in the production of cAMP analyzed. In crude membranes, the activity of AC9 in the presence of GDP-β-S was enhanced by miconazole with an EC50 of ~ 8 μM, while AC1 and AC2 were inhibited with an IC50 of ~ 20 μM. Clotrimazole (10-100 μM) was an inhibitor of all the ACs tested. Substrate saturation analysis indicated that miconazole increased the Vmax of AC9 by 3-fold while having no effect on the Km. In intact cells, the effect of miconazole on cAMP production through AC9 was additive with that of isoproterenol. The stimulation of cAMP production by miconazole was inhibited by Ca2+, and this could be prevented by the calcineurin blocker FK506. In sum, activation of AC9 by miconazole is through a mechanism distinct from that of forskolin, activated G proteins, or the COOH-terminal mediated autoinhibition. However, it is subject to the AC9 isoform-specific inhibition by Ca2+/calcineurin. Differential modulation of mammalian tmAC paralogs appears to be achievable by an imidazole with phenylated side chains. Optimization of the lead compound and exploration of the underlying mechanism(s) of action in more detail could exploit this further.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Simpson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9XD, UK
| | - Adrienn Pálvölgyi
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc A Antoni
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, EH8 9XD, UK. .,Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary.
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Pálvölgyi A, Simpson J, Bodnár I, Bíró J, Palkovits M, Radovits T, Skehel P, Antoni FA. Auto-inhibition of adenylyl cyclase 9 (AC9) by an isoform-specific motif in the carboxyl-terminal region. Cell Signal 2018; 51:266-275. [PMID: 30121334 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Trans-membrane adenylyl cyclase (tmAC) isoforms show markedly distinct regulatory properties that have not been fully explored. AC9 is highly expressed in vital organs such as the heart and the brain. Here, we report that the isoform-specific carboxyl-terminal domain (C2b) of AC9 inhibits the activation of the enzyme by Gs-coupled receptors (GsCR). In human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) stably overexpressing AC9, cAMP production by AC9 induced upon the activation of endogenous β-adrenergic and prostanoid GsCRs was barely discernible. Cells expressing AC9 lacking the C2b domain showed a markedly enhanced cAMP response to GsCR. Subsequent studies of the response of AC9 mutants to the activation of GsCR revealed that residues 1268-1276 in the C2b domain were critical for auto-inhibition. Two main species of AC9 of 130 K and ≥ 170 K apparent molecular weight were observed on immunoblots of rodent and human myocardial membranes with NH2-terminally directed anti-AC9 antibodies. The lower molecular weight AC9 band did not react with antibodies directed against the C2b domain. It was the predominant species of AC9 in rodent heart tissue and some of the human samples. There is a single gene for AC9 in vertebrates, moreover, amino acids 957-1353 of the COOH-terminus are encoded by a single exon with no apparent signs of mRNA splicing or editing making it highly unlikely that COOH-terminally truncated AC9 could arise through the processing or editing of mRNA. Thus, deductive reasoning leads to the suggestion that proteolytic cleavage of the C2b auto-inhibitory domain may govern the activation of AC9 by GsCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Pálvölgyi
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - James Simpson
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ibolya Bodnár
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Judit Bíró
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Miklós Palkovits
- Human Brain Tissue Bank and Laboratory, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Radovits
- Semmelweis University Heart and Vascular Center, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Paul Skehel
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Ferenc A Antoni
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary; Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Deanery of Biomedical Sciences University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Pálvölgyi A, Móricz K, Pataki Á, Mihalik B, Gigler G, Megyeri K, Udvari S, Gacsályi I, Antoni FA. Loop F of the GABA A receptor alpha subunit governs GABA potency. Neuropharmacology 2018; 128:408-415. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 10/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Etherington LA, Mihalik B, Pálvölgyi A, Ling I, Pallagi K, Kertész S, Varga P, Gunn BG, Brown AR, Livesey MR, Monteiro O, Belelli D, Barkóczy J, Spedding M, Gacsályi I, Antoni FA, Lambert JJ. Selective inhibition of extra-synaptic α5-GABA A receptors by S44819, a new therapeutic agent. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:353-364. [PMID: 28807671 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In the mammalian central nervous system (CNS) GABAA receptors (GABAARs) mediate neuronal inhibition and are important therapeutic targets. GABAARs are composed of 5 subunits, drawn from 19 proteins, underpinning expression of 20-30 GABAAR subtypes. In the CNS these isoforms are heterogeneously expressed and exhibit distinct physiological and pharmacological properties. We report the discovery of S44819, a novel tricyclic oxazolo-2,3-benzodiazepine-derivative, that selectively inhibits α5-subunit-containing GABAARs (α5-GABAARs). Current α5-GABAAR inhibitors bind to the "benzodiazepine site". However, in HEK293 cells expressing recombinant α5-GABAARs, S44819 had no effect on 3H-flumazenil binding, but displaced the GABAAR agonist 3H-muscimol and competitively inhibited the GABA-induced responses. Importantly, we reveal that the α5-subunit selectivity is uniquely governed by amino acid residues within the α-subunit F-loop, a region associated with GABA binding. In mouse hippocampal CA1 neurons, S44819 enhanced long-term potentiation (LTP), blocked a tonic current mediated by extrasynaptic α5-GABAARs, but had no effect on synaptic GABAARs. In mouse thalamic neurons, S44819 had no effect on the tonic current mediated by δ-GABAARs, or on synaptic (α1β2γ2) GABAARs. In rats, S44819 enhanced object recognition memory and reversed scopolamine-induced impairment of working memory in the eight-arm radial maze. In conclusion, S44819 is a first in class compound that uniquely acts as a potent, competitive, selective antagonist of recombinant and native α5-GABAARs. Consequently, S44819 enhances hippocampal synaptic plasticity and exhibits pro-cognitive efficacy. Given this profile, S44819 may improve cognitive function in neurodegenerative disorders and facilitate post-stroke recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori-An Etherington
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Balázs Mihalik
- Biotalentum Kft, Gödöllő, Aulich Lajos u. 26, 2100, Hungary
| | | | - István Ling
- Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, H1106, Budapest, Pf.100, Hungary
| | | | | | - Péter Varga
- Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, H1106, Budapest, Pf.100, Hungary
| | - Ben G Gunn
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Adam R Brown
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Matthew R Livesey
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Olivia Monteiro
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | - Delia Belelli
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Michael Spedding
- Institut de Recherches Servier, Croissy-sur-Seine, 78290, France
| | | | | | - Jeremy J Lambert
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, DD19SY, Scotland, UK.
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Mihalik B, Pálvölgyi A, Bogár F, Megyeri K, Ling I, Barkóczy J, Bartha F, Martinek TA, Gacsályi I, Antoni FA. Loop-F of the α-subunit determines the pharmacologic profile of novel competitive inhibitors of GABA A receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 798:129-136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Ling I, Mihalik B, Etherington LA, Kapus G, Pálvölgyi A, Gigler G, Kertész S, Gaál A, Pallagi K, Kiricsi P, Szabó É, Szénási G, Papp L, Hársing LG, Lévay G, Spedding M, Lambert JJ, Belelli D, Barkóczy J, Volk B, Simig G, Gacsályi I, Antoni FA. A novel GABA(A) alpha 5 receptor inhibitor with therapeutic potential. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 764:497-507. [PMID: 26169564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel 2,3-benzodiazepine and related isoquinoline derivatives, substituted at position 1 with a 2-benzothiophenyl moiety, were synthesized to produce compounds that potently inhibited the action of GABA on heterologously expressed GABAA receptors containing the alpha 5 subunit (GABAA α5), with no apparent affinity for the benzodiazepine site. Substitutions of the benzothiophene moiety at position 4 led to compounds with drug-like properties that were putative inhibitors of extra-synaptic GABAA α5 receptors and had substantial blood-brain barrier permeability. Initial characterization in vivo showed that 8-methyl-5-[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1-benzothiophen-2-yl]-1,9-dihydro-2H-[1,3]oxazolo[4,5-h][2,3]benzodiazepin-2-one was devoid of sedative, pro-convulsive or motor side-effects, and enhanced the performance of rats in the object recognition test. In summary, we have discovered a first-in-class GABA-site inhibitor of extra-synaptic GABAA α5 receptors that has promising drug-like properties and warrants further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Ling
- Chemical Research Division, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Mihalik
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lori-An Etherington
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Gábor Kapus
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Pálvölgyi
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Gigler
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szabolcs Kertész
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Attila Gaál
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Katalin Pallagi
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Kiricsi
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Szabó
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Szénási
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lilla Papp
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László G Hársing
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Lévay
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | - Jeremy J Lambert
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Delia Belelli
- Division of Neuroscience, Medical Research Institute, Ninewells Hospital & Medical School, Dundee University, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - József Barkóczy
- Chemical Research Division, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Volk
- Chemical Research Division, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gyula Simig
- Chemical Research Division, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - István Gacsályi
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ferenc A Antoni
- Division of Preclinical Research, Egis Pharmaceuticals PLC, Budapest, Hungary.
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Pálvölgyi A, Deák V, Poinsot V, Nagy T, Nagy E, Kerepesi I, Putnoky P. Genetic analysis of the rkp-3 gene region in Sinorhizobium meliloti 41: rkpY directs capsular polysaccharide synthesis to KR5 antigen production. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2009; 22:1422-1430. [PMID: 19810811 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-22-11-1422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rhizobial surface polysaccharides, including capsular polysaccharides (KPS), are involved in symbiotic infection. The rkp-3 locus of Sinorhizobium meliloti 41 is responsible for the production of pseudaminic acid, one of the components of the KR5 antigen, a strain-specific KPS. We have extended the sequence determination and genetic dissection of the rkp-3 region to clarify the structure and function of the rkpY gene and to identify additional rkp genes. Except for rkpY, no other genes were found where mutation affected the KPS structure and symbiosis. These mutants show a unique phenotype producing a low molecular weight polysaccharide (LMW PS). Creating double mutants, we have shown that biosynthesis genes of the KR5 antigen except rkpZ are not necessary for the production of this LMW PS. Polysaccharide analysis of genetically modified strains suggests that rkpY has pleiotropic effects on polysaccharide production. It directs KPS synthesis to the KR5 antigen and influences lipo-oligo 3-deoxy-d-manno-2 octulosonic acid (Kdo) production in S. meliloti 41. In addition, rkpY suppresses the lipo-oligoKdo production when it is introduced into S. meliloti 1021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Pálvölgyi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Pécs, P.O. Box 266, H-7604 Pécs, Hungary
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Putnoky P, Deák V, Békási K, Pálvölgyi A, Maász A, Palágyi Z, Hoffmann G, Kerepesi I. H protein of bacteriophage 16-3 and RkpM protein of Sinorhizobium meliloti 41 are involved in phage adsorption. J Bacteriol 2004; 186:1591-7. [PMID: 14996788 PMCID: PMC355952 DOI: 10.1128/jb.186.6.1591-1597.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The strain-specific capsular polysaccharide KR5 antigen of Sinorhizobium meliloti 41 is required both for invasion of the symbiotic nodule and for the adsorption of bacteriophage 16-3. In order to know more about the genes involved in these events, bacterial mutants carrying an altered phage receptor were identified by using host range phage mutants. A representative mutation was localized in the rkpM gene by complementation and DNA sequence analysis. A host range phage mutant isolated on these phage-resistant bacteria was used to identify the h gene, which is likely to encode the tail fiber protein of phage 16-3. The nucleotide sequences of the h gene as well as a host range mutant allele were also established. In both the bacterial and phage mutant alleles, a missense mutation was found, indicating a direct contact between the RkpM and H proteins in the course of phage adsorption. Some mutations could not be localized in these genes, suggesting that additional components are also important for bacteriophage receptor recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Putnoky
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Pécs, H-7601 Pécs, Hungary.
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Szabó L, Szabó M, Pálvölgyi A, Salamon A. [BCG osteitis]. Orv Hetil 1988; 129:2203-4. [PMID: 3186239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Horváth B, Turay A, Pálvölgyi A, Illei G. [Relation between symptomless inflammation of the parovarium and unsuccessful tocolysis]. Orv Hetil 1985; 126:2967-8. [PMID: 4069692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Horváth B, Turay A, Pálvölgyi A, Illei G. [Role of undiagnosed inflammation of the embryonic structures in the mortality of premature infants]. Orv Hetil 1985; 126:199-201. [PMID: 3975023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Horváth B, Turay A, Pálvölgyi A, Illei G. [Premature labor and intrauterine infection]. Orv Hetil 1984; 125:2487-90. [PMID: 6493762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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