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Kovačić J, Jeličić M, Amidžić Klarić D, Mornar A. Green Solid-Phase (Micro)Extraction of Andrographolides’ from Human Plasma Samples Followed by UHPLC-DAD-QqQ-MS/MS Analysis. SEPARATIONS 2023; 10:69. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10020069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Since inflammatory bowel disease is a progressive disease, optimal treatment early in the disease course is paramount. Still, the use of conventional drugs is accompanied by side effects. The herbal therapies for gastrointestinal disorders are traditionally widespread in Asia, while in Western countries have been adopted in recent years. Andrographis paniculata is a herbaceous plant used in anti-inflammatory treatment. To improve its clinical application, an analytical method with the potential to define a relationship between dose and plasma concentration of active ingredients is prerequisite. Considering the increasing demand for eco-friendly bioanalytical methods, our research aimed to implement new sample preparation technique microextraction by packed sorbent for extraction of marker compounds of A. paniculata from plasma. This green procedure using polymeric sorbent based on the poly (styrene-divinylbenzene) allowed miniaturization of sample volume (100 µL), decrease in consumption of solvents, and high recovery (92–98%). A highly selective and sensitive reversed-phase ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed and validated. The newest greenness assessment software AGREE calculator was used for evaluation of the method’s environmental performance. It suggests that our method conforms to the eco-friendly conditions (score 0.8). The sample preparation was identified as weak point of the bioanalytical methods which highlights the importance of microextraction.
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Venmathi Maran BA, Iqbal M, Gangadaran P, Ahn B, Rao PV, Shah MD. Hepatoprotective Potential of Malaysian Medicinal Plants: A Review on Phytochemicals, Oxidative Stress, and Antioxidant Mechanisms. Molecules 2022; 27:1533. [PMID: 35268634 PMCID: PMC8911738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity is a major global public health concern. Despite advances in modern medicine, the demerits of chemically prepared drugs outweigh their merits. In addition, the treatment of liver diseases based on modern medical principles has been found to produce several undesired side effects. Therefore, the exploration of medicinal plants has gained worldwide attention for treating various diseases, including liver diseases, owing to their potential efficacy and cost effectiveness. Several plants, including Andrographis paniculata, Bauhinia purpurea, Commelina nudiflora, Dillenia suffruticosa, Elaeis guineensis, Lygodium microphyllum, and Nephrolepis biserrata, have been reported with hepatoprotection. Moreover, these plants have been shown to play a vital role in ameliorating cellular damage because they contain several phytochemicals, including alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, polyphenols, and diterpenoid lactones. The following antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and hepatoprotective compounds have been found in these plants: andrographolide, rosmarinic acid, phenol, eugenol, 9,12-octadecadienoic, n-hexadecanoic acid, dihydroxy dimethoxy flavone, sitosterol, demethoxycurcumin, quercetin, linoleic acid, stigmasterol, kojic acid, indole-2-one, α-terpinol, linalool, kaempferol, catechin, ellagic acid, and oleanolic acid. This paper aimed to provide an in-depth review of in vivo studies on Malaysian medicinal plants possessing hepatoprotective properties, phytochemical ingredients, and antioxidant mechanisms, with an emphasis on the species proven particularly useful for treating hepatic disorders.
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Shafiqul Islam AKM, Krishnan H, Ahmad MN, Nadaraja P, Uddin ABMH. A Novel Molecular Imprint Polymer Quartz Crystal Microbalance Nanosensor for the Detection of Andrographolide in the Medicinal Plant Extract. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193520120228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Patil R, Jain V. Andrographolide: A Review of Analytical Methods. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:191-203. [PMID: 33221827 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclic diterpenoid lactone andrographolide is regarded as a "natural antibiotic" as it is known to exhibit a range of bioactivities including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antipyretic, antineoplastic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective and hypoglycaemic, and is present in Andrographis paniculata. The aim of this article is to review the information on analytical methods for andrographolide in biological samples, pharmaceutical formulations and plant materials. This article includes various techniques such as Spectrophotometry, Chemiluminescence method, Electroanalytical method, Chromatography and various hyphenated techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Patil
- Department of Quality Assurance, Oriental College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to University of Mumbai), Sanpada, Navi Mumbai, India
| | - Vandana Jain
- Department of Quality Assurance, Oriental College of Pharmacy (Affiliated to University of Mumbai), Sanpada, Navi Mumbai, India
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Rafi M, Karomah AH, Heryanto R, Septaningsih DA, Kusuma WA, Amran MB, Rohman A, Prajogo B. Metabolite profiling of Andrographis paniculata leaves and stem extract using UHPLC-Orbitrap-MS/MS. Nat Prod Res 2020; 36:625-629. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2020.1789637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Rafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Advance Research Laboratory, Institute of Research and Community Services, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center- Institute of Research and Community Services, IPB University, Kampus IPB Taman Kencana, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Alfi Hudatul Karomah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Rudi Heryanto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Advance Research Laboratory, Institute of Research and Community Services, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center- Institute of Research and Community Services, IPB University, Kampus IPB Taman Kencana, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Wisnu Ananta Kusuma
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center- Institute of Research and Community Services, IPB University, Kampus IPB Taman Kencana, Bogor, Indonesia
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia
| | | | - Abdul Rohman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bambang Prajogo
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Jl Mulyorejo Kampus C Unair, Surabaya, Indonesia
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Rafi M, Devi AF, Syafitri UD, Heryanto R, Suparto IH, Amran MB, Rohman A, Prajogo B, Lim LW. Classification of Andrographis paniculata extracts by solvent extraction using HPLC fingerprint and chemometric analysis. BMC Res Notes 2020; 13:56. [PMID: 32019574 PMCID: PMC7001318 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-020-4920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Andrographis paniculata, widely used as an antidiabetic in Indonesian traditional medicines (jamu), contains chemical compounds whose concentration is related to its therapeutic effects. The concentration of solvents used for extraction will also affect the number of compounds extracted. Therefore, a quality control method is needed to ensure consistency in quantifying these compounds in A. paniculata to improve its therapeutic application. High-performance liquid chromatography fingerprint analysis combined with chemometrics was used to evaluate extracts from different solvent extraction treatments. The content of andrographolide, the main bioactive compound in A. paniculata, and the level of α-glucosidase inhibition activity, an indicator of its antidiabetic activity, were also determined. Results Fingerprint chromatograms of A. paniculata extracts from different treatments exhibited a similar pattern with several peaks in common, only differing in area and intensity value. The A. paniculata extracts were classified using HPLC fingerprint and principal component analysis to allow grouping according to their respective solvent extraction treatments. The highest andrographolide content and α-glucosidase inhibition activity occurred in the 50% ethanol extract and the lowest in the water extract. HPLC fingerprint analysis could be used for identifying A. paniculata extracts based on solvent extraction, thus improving quality control for their therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rafi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jalan Tanjung Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia. .,Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Institut of Research and Community Empowerment, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jalan Taman Kencana No. 3 Kampus IPB Taman Kencana, Bogor, 16128, Indonesia.
| | - A F Devi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jalan Tanjung Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - U D Syafitri
- Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Institut of Research and Community Empowerment, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jalan Taman Kencana No. 3 Kampus IPB Taman Kencana, Bogor, 16128, Indonesia.,Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jalan Meranti Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia
| | - R Heryanto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jalan Tanjung Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.,Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Institut of Research and Community Empowerment, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jalan Taman Kencana No. 3 Kampus IPB Taman Kencana, Bogor, 16128, Indonesia
| | - I H Suparto
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jalan Tanjung Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, 16680, Indonesia.,Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center, Institut of Research and Community Empowerment, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Jalan Taman Kencana No. 3 Kampus IPB Taman Kencana, Bogor, 16128, Indonesia
| | - M B Amran
- Analytical Research Chemistry Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha No 10, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
| | - A Rohman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Sekip Utara, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - B Prajogo
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Jl Mulyorejo Kampus C Unair, Surabaya, 60286, Indonesia
| | - L W Lim
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Faculty of Engineering, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu, 501-1193, Japan
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Xie Z, Yu C, Gao X. A method toward constituents with weak response in mass spectra for comprehensively characterizing constituents in traditional Chinese medicine formula, Kangfuxiaoyanshuan as a case. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:3152-3160. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201900172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziye Xie
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing P. R. China
| | - Chanjuan Yu
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Gao
- School of Chinese Materia MedicaBeijing University of Chinese Medicine Beijing P. R. China
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Kumar S, Singh A, Bajpai V, Sharma KR, Kumar B. Identification and Characterization of Terpenoid Lactones and Flavonoids from Ethanolic Extract ofAndrographis Paniculata(Burm.f.) Nees Using Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Sep Sci plus 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201800106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Awantika Singh
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi India
| | - Vikas Bajpai
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi India
| | - Kulwant R. Sharma
- Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry; Nauni, Solan Himanchal India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility; CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute; Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR); New Delhi India
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Wang Y, Jiao J, Yang Y, Yang M, Zheng Q. Screening and Identification for Immunological Active Components from Andrographis Herba Using Macrophage Biospecific Extraction Coupled with UPLC/Q-TOF-MS. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051047. [PMID: 29710865 PMCID: PMC6102597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The method of cell biospecific extraction coupled with UPLC/Q-TOF-MS has been developed as a tool for the screening and identification of potential immunological active components from Andrographis Herba (AH). In our study, a macrophage cell line (RAW264.7) was used to extract cell-combining compounds from the ethanol extract of AH. The cell binding system was then analyzed and identified by UPLC/Q-TOF-MS analysis. Finally, nine compounds, which could combine with macrophages, in an ethanol extract of AH were detected by comparing basic peak intensity (BPI) profiles of macrophages before and after treatment with AH. Then they were identified as Andrographidine E (1), Andrographidine D (2), Neoandrographolide (3), Dehydroandrographolide (4), 5, 7, 2′, 3′-tetramethoxyflavone (5), β-sitosterol (7), 5-hydroxy-7, 2′, 3′-trimethoxyflavone (8) and 5-hydroxy-7, 8, 2′, 3′-tetramethoxyflavone (9), which could classified into five flavonoids, three diterpene lactones, and one sterol. Their structures were recognized by their characteristic fragment ions and fragmentations pattern of diterpene lactones and flavonoids. Additionally, the activity of compounds 3, 4, and 7 was tested in vitro. Results showed that these three compounds could decrease the release of NO (p < 0.01) in macrophages remarkably. Moreover, 3, 4, and 7 showed satisfactory dose-effect relationships and their IC50 values were 9.03, 18.18, and 13.76 μg/mL, respectively. This study is the first reported work on the screening of immunological active components from AH. The potential immunological activity of flavonoids from AH has not been reported previously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Jiaojiao Jiao
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Yuanzhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610072, China.
| | - Qin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
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Hoffmann KM, Herbrechter R, Ziemba PM, Lepke P, Beltrán L, Hatt H, Werner M, Gisselmann G. Kampo Medicine: Evaluation of the Pharmacological Activity of 121 Herbal Drugs on GABAA and 5-HT3A Receptors. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:219. [PMID: 27524967 PMCID: PMC4965468 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Kampo medicine is a form of Japanese phytotherapy originating from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). During the last several decades, much attention has been paid to the pharmacological effects of these medical plants and their constituents. However, in many cases, a systematic screening of Kampo remedies to determine pharmacologically relevant targets is still lacking. In this study, a broad screening of Kampo remedies was performed to look for pharmacologically relevant 5-HT3A and GABAA receptor ligands. Several of the Kampo remedies are currently used for symptoms such as nausea, emesis, gastrointestinal motility disorders, anxiety, restlessness, or insomnia. Therefore, the pharmacological effects of 121 herbal drugs from Kampo medicine were analyzed as ethanol tinctures on heterologously expressed 5-HT3A and GABAA receptors, due to the involvement of these receptors in such pathophysiological processes. The tinctures of Lindera aggregata (radix) and Leonurus japonicus (herba) were the most effective inhibitory compounds on the 5-HT3A receptor. Further investigation of known ingredients in these compounds led to the identification of leonurine from Leonurus as a new natural 5-HT3A receptor antagonist. Several potentiating herbs (e.g., Magnolia officinalis (cortex), Syzygium aromaticum (flos), and Panax ginseng (radix)) were also identified for the GABAA receptor, which are all traditionally used for their sedative or anxiolytic effects. A variety of tinctures with antagonistic effects Salvia miltiorrhiza (radix) were also detected. Therefore, this study reveals new insights into the pharmacological action of a broad spectrum of herbal drugs from Kampo, allowing for a better understanding of their physiological effects and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin M Hoffmann
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Robin Herbrechter
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Paul M Ziemba
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Lepke
- Kronen Apotheke Wuppertal Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Leopoldo Beltrán
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Hanns Hatt
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Markus Werner
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
| | - Günter Gisselmann
- Department of Cell Physiology, Ruhr University Bochum Bochum, Germany
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Wu ZF, Wang YQ, Wan N, Ke G, Yue PF, Chen H, Zhan JJ, Yang M. Structural Stabilities and Transformation Mechanism of Rhynchophylline and Isorhynchophylline by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography/Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Molecules 2015; 20:14849-59. [PMID: 26287142 PMCID: PMC6331816 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200814849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To reveal the structural stabilities and transformation mechanism of rhynchophylline (RIN) and isorhynchophylline (IRN), HPLC and UPLC-Q-TOF-MS method were developed for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the conversion rate. The method was validated for linearity, inter- and intra-day precisions, repeatability and stability. All the quantitative determination method validation results were satisfactory. Under the optimized chromatographic conditions, the effect of various heat temperatures, retention time, and solvent polarities on conversion rate and equilibrium were systematically investigated for the first time. Besides, a model relating the retention yield value and time-temperature was built to predict the t0.5 and Ea of the conversion rate by the Arrhenius equation. The experimental results proved to be in good accordance with the predicted values. Furthermore, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis was performed to verify the transformation mechanism and provide valuable information for stability analysis of the conversion products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Feng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Ya-Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Na Wan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Gang Ke
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
- Luzhou People's Hospital, Luzhou 646100, China.
| | - Peng-Fei Yue
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Hao Chen
- Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Juan-Juan Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China.
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Zhao W, Huang X, Li X, Zhang F, Chen S, Ye M, Huang M, Xu W, Wu S. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Major Triterpenoids in Alismatis Rhizoma by High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Diode-Array Detector/Quadrupole-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography/Triple Quadrupole Mass Spectrometry. Molecules 2015; 20:13958-81. [PMID: 26263967 PMCID: PMC6331801 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200813958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 07/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Alismatis Rhizoma (AMR) is a well-known natural medicine with a long history in Chinese medicine and has been commonly used for treating a wide range of ailments related to dysuria, edema, nephropathy, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, inflammation as well as tumors in clinical applications. Most beneficial effects of AMR are attributed to the presence of protostane terpenoids, the major active ingredients of Alismatis Rhizoma (AMR). In this study, a systematic high performance liquid chromatography/diode-array detector/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromatography/triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-QqQ MS) method was developed for qualitative and quantitative analyses of the major AMR triterpenoids. First, a total of 25 triterpenoid components, including 24 known compounds and one new compound were identified by comparison with UV spectra, molecular ions and fragmentation behaviors of reference standards or the literature. Second, an efficient method was established for the rapid simultaneous determination of 14 representative triterpenoids by UPLC-QqQ MS. Forty-three batches of AMR were analyzed with linearity (r, 0.9980-0.9999), intra-day precision (RSD, 1.18%-3.79%), inter-day precision (RSD, 1.53%-3.96%), stability (RSD, 1.32%-3.97%), repeatability (RSD, 2.21%-4.25%), and recovery (98.11%-103.8%). These results indicated that new approaches combining HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF MS and UPLC-QqQ MS are applicable in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of AMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
- Institute of Nanostructured Functional materials, Huanghe Science and Technology College, Zhengzhou 450006, China.
| | - Xiaoqiang Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Fangfang Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Sainan Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Miao Ye
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Mingqing Huang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
| | - Shuisheng Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China.
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Low M, Khoo CS, Münch G, Govindaraghavan S, Sucher NJ. An in vitro study of anti-inflammatory activity of standardised Andrographis paniculata extracts and pure andrographolide. BMC Complement Altern Med 2015; 15:18. [PMID: 25888070 PMCID: PMC4331298 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-inflammatory activity of Andrographis paniculata (Acanthaceae), a traditional medicine widely used in Asia, is commonly attributed to andrographolide, its main secondary metabolite. Commercial A. paniculata extracts are standardised to andrographolide content. We undertook the present study to investigate 1) how selective enrichment of andrographolide in commercial A. paniculata extracts affects the variability of non-standardised phytochemical components and 2) if variability in the non-standardised components of the extract affects the pharmacological activity of andrographolide itself. METHODS We characterized 12 commercial, standardised (≥30% andrographolide) batches of A. paniculata extracts from India by HPLC profiling. We determined the antioxidant capacity of the extracts using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) and a Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) antioxidant assays. Their anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by assaying their inhibitory effect on the release of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in the human monocytic cell line THP-1. RESULTS The andrographolide content in the samples was close to the claimed value (32.2 ± 2.1%, range 27.5 to 35.9%). Twenty-one non-standardised constituents exhibited more than 2-fold variation in HPLC peak intensities in the tested batches. The chlorogenic acid content of the batches varied more than 30-fold. The DPPH free radical scavenging activity varied ~3-fold, the ORAC and FC antioxidant capacity varied ~1.5 fold among batches. In contrast, the TNF-α inhibitory activity of the extracts exhibited little variation and comparison with pure andrographolide indicated that it was mostly due to their andrographolide content. CONCLUSIONS Standardised A. paniculata extracts contained the claimed amount of andrographolide but exhibited considerable phytochemical background variation. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extracts was mostly due to the flavonoid/phenlycarboxylic acid compounds in the extracts. The inhibitory effect of andrographolide on the release of TNF-α was little affected by the quantitative variation of the non-standardised constituents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell Low
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, N.S.W. 2751, Campbelltown, Australia.
| | - Cheang S Khoo
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, N.S.W. 2751, Campbelltown, Australia.
| | - Gerald Münch
- National Institute of Complementary Medicine, School of Science and Health, University of Western Sydney, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, N.S.W. 2751, Campbelltown, Australia.
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Medicine Research Group, School of Medicine, University of Western Sydney, Campbelltown, Australia.
| | - Suresh Govindaraghavan
- Network Nutrition-IMCD Australia, Unit 9, 7 Meridian Place, Bella Vista, NSW, 2153, Australia.
| | - Nikolaus J Sucher
- Science Department, Roxbury Community College, 1234 Columbus Avenue, Roxbury Crossing, MA, 02120, USA.
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Su MX, Zhou WD, Lan J, Di B, Hang TJ. Rapid and sensitive analysis of multiple bioactive constituents in tripterygium glycosides tablets using liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:804-12. [PMID: 25546170 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A simultaneous determination method based on liquid chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry was developed for the analysis of 11 bioactive constituents in tripterygium glycosides tablets, an immune and inflammatory prescription used in China. The analysis was fully optimized on a 1.8 μm particle size C18 column with linear gradient elution, permitting good separation of the 11 analytes and two internal standards in 21 min. The quantitation of each target constituent was carried out using the narrow window extracted ion chromatograms with a ±l0 ppm extraction window, yielding good linearity (r(2) > 0.996) with a linear range of 10-1000 ng/mL. The limits of quantitation were low ranging from 0.25 to 5.02 ng/mL for the 11 analytes, and the precisions and repeatability were better than 1.6 and 5.3%, respectively. The acceptable recoveries obtained were in the range of 93.4-107.4%. This proposed method was successfully applied to quantify the 11 bioactive constituents in commercial samples produced by nine pharmaceutical manufacturers to profile the quality of these preparations. The overall results demonstrate that the contents of the 11 bioactive constituents in different samples were in great diversity, therefore, the quality, clinical safety, and efficacy of this drug needs further research and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-xiang Su
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, P. R. China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (China Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing, P. R. China
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15
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Wang J, Cao X, Jiang H, Qi Y, Chin KL, Yue Y. Antioxidant activity of leaf extracts from different Hibiscus sabdariffa accessions and simultaneous determination five major antioxidant compounds by LC-Q-TOF-MS. Molecules 2014; 19:21226-38. [PMID: 25525823 PMCID: PMC6271855 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191221226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hibiscus sabdariffa has gained attention for its antioxidant activity. There are many accessions of H. sabdariffa in the world. However, information on the quantification of antioxidant compounds in different accessions is rather limited. In this paper, a liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-Q-TOF-MS) method for simultaneous determination of five antioxidant compounds (neochlorogenic acid, chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, rutin, and isoquercitrin) in H. sabdariffa leaves was developed. The method was validated for linearity, sensitivity, precision, repeatability and accuracy. The validated method has been successfully applied for determination of the five analytes in eight accessions of H. sabdariffa. The eight accessions of H. sabdariffa were evaluated for their antioxidant activities by DPPH free radical scavenging assay. The investigated accessions of H. sabdariffa were rich in rutin and exhibited strong antioxidant activity. The two accessions showing the highest antioxidant activities were from Cuba (No. 2) and Taiwan (No. 5). The results indicated that H. sabdariffa leaves could be considered as a potential antioxidant source for the food industry. The developed LC-Q-TOF-MS method is helpful for quality control of H. sabdariffa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- SFA Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xianshuang Cao
- SFA Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Hao Jiang
- SFA Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yadong Qi
- Southern University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA.
| | - Kit L Chin
- Southern University Agricultural Research and Extension Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA.
| | - Yongde Yue
- SFA Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, No. 8 Futong Dongdajie, Wangjing, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100102, China.
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Zhao Y, Kao CP, Wu KC, Liao CR, Ho YL, Chang YS. Chemical compositions, chromatographic fingerprints and antioxidant activities of Andrographis Herba. Molecules 2014; 19:18332-50. [PMID: 25389663 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191118332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper describes the development of an HPLC-UV-MS method for quantitative determination of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in Andrographis Herba and establishment of its chromatographic fingerprint. The method was validated for linearity, limit of detection and quantification, inter- and intra-day precisions, repeatability, stability and recovery. All the validation results of quantitative determination and fingerprinting methods were satisfactory. The developed method was then applied to assay the contents of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide and to acquire the fingerprints of all the collected Andrographis Herba samples. Furthermore, similarity analysis and principal component analysis were used to reveal the similarities and differences between the samples on the basis of the characteristic peaks. More importantly, the DPPH free radical-scavenging and ferric reducing capacities of the Andrographis Herba samples were assayed. By bivariate correlation analysis, we found that six compounds are positively correlated to DPPH free radical scavenging and ferric reducing capacities, and four compounds are negatively correlated to DPPH free radical scavenging and ferric reducing capacities.
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Seniya C, Shrivastava S, Singh SK, Khan GJ. Analyzing the interaction of a herbal compound Andrographolide from Andrographis paniculata as a folklore against swine flu (H1N1). Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2014; 4:S624-30. [PMID: 32289026 DOI: 10.1016/S2222-1808(14)60692-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective To find new bioactive molecules for the treatment of swine flu. Methods The present study is an attempt to elucidate inhibition potential of andrographolide and its derivatives along with an associated binding mechanism through virtual screening and molecular docking simulation studies. Results Our findings revealed structural conformation changes in 150 loop, secondary sialic acid binding site residues of ACZ97474 {Neuraminidase (A/Blore/NIV236/2009(H1N1)}. Andrographolide have been identified as the highest binging energy of -10.88 Kcal/mol, 3 hydrogen bond interactions (Arg152, Lys150, and Gly197), total intermolecular energy of -12.07 Kcal/mol with bioactivity value (Ki) of 10.59 nmol/L, while the Food and Drug Admistraton approved drug Oseltamivir and Zanamivir have shown 2 and 4 hydrogen bond interactions with binding energies of -6.28 Kcal/mol and -7.73Kcal/mol, respectively, which is higher than andrographolide. The guanidine group of Arg152 has binding affinities to the hydrophilic nature of the inhibitors (-OH and =O groups), as identified by docking of andrographolide (CID: 5318517) on neuraminidase. Conclusions Hence, andrographolide has the potential to inhibit neuraminidase activity of H1N1 and may be used as an alternative medicinal therapy for swine flu positive patient. With potent antiviral activity and a potentially new mechanism of action, andrographolide may warrant further evaluation as a possible therapy for influenza.
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