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Wang R, Khatpe AS, Kumar B, Mang HE, Batic K, Adebayo AK, Nakshatri H. Mutant RAS-driven secretome causes skeletal muscle defects in breast cancer. Cancer Res Commun 2024:743201. [PMID: 38651826 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Cancer-induced skeletal muscle defects differ in severity between individuals with the same cancer type. Cancer subtype-specific genomic aberrations are suggested to mediate these differences, but experimental validation studies are very limited. We utilized three different breast cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models to correlate cancer subtype with skeletal muscle defects. PDXs were derived from brain metastasis of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), Estrogen Receptor-positive/Progesterone Receptor-positive (ER+/PR+) primary breast cancer from a BRCA2-mutation carrier, and pleural effusion from an ER+/PR- breast cancer. While impaired skeletal muscle function as measured through rotarod performance and reduced levels of circulating and/or skeletal muscle miR-486 were common across all three PDXs, only TNBC-derived PDX activated phospho-p38 in skeletal muscle. To further extend these results, we generated transformed variants of human primary breast epithelial cells from healthy donors using HRASG12V or PIK3CAH1047R mutant oncogenes. Mutations in RAS oncogene or its modulators are found in ~37% of metastatic breast cancers, which is often associated with skeletal muscle defects. Although cells transformed with both oncogenes generated adenocarcinomas in NSG mice, only HRASG12V-derived tumors caused skeletal muscle defects affecting rotarod performance, skeletal muscle contraction force, and miR-486, Pax7, pAKT, and p53 levels in skeletal muscle. Circulating levels of the chemokine CXCL1 were elevated only in animals with tumors containing HRASG12V mutation. Since RAS pathway aberrations are found in 19% of cancers, evaluating skeletal muscle defects in the context of genomic aberrations in cancers, particularly RAS pathway mutations, may accelerate development of therapeutic modalities to overcome cancer-induced systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhong Wang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Aditi S Khatpe
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Henry Elmer Mang
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Katie Batic
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, United States
| | - Adedeji K Adebayo
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
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2
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Kumar B, Kumar P. Synthesis and characterization of pH-sensitive nanocarrier based chitosan-g-poly(itaconic acid) for ciprofloxacin delivery for anti-bacterial application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:131604. [PMID: 38641270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
This study aims to develop pH-sensitive and controlled release of ciprofloxacin from ciprofloxacin-loaded grafted chitosan-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles (Cip@Gchit/Zn-NPs) for the treatment of bacterial infections in the human colon. For this aim, first, the chitosan-g-poly(itaconic acid) [Chit-g-poly (Itac)] was synthesized via grafting of itaconic acid onto chitosan in the presence of cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN) under an inert atmosphere using conventional methods, while zinc oxide nanoparticles (Zn-NPs) were prepared via sol-gel technique. Characterization of the synthesized Cip@Gchit/Zn-NPs was analyzed using XRD, FT-IR, SEM, TGA, and zeta potential analysis. The antibacterial efficacy of Cip@Gchit/Zn-NPs against three pathogenic bacteria, namely Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus, was superior to that of tetracycline reference drugs, as evidenced by larger inhibition zones. Cytotoxicity assessment of Cip@Gchit/Zn-NPs on the human chondrocyte cell line C28/I2 via MTT assay revealed 100 % cell viability at a concentration of 500 μg/mL. The loading efficiency of ciprofloxacin into Gchit/Zn-NPs was evaluated at various ratios, demonstrating lower loading efficiency; however, sustained release of ciprofloxacin from Cip@Gchit/Zn-NPs was excellent, with 98.13 % release observed at pH 7.2 over 10 h. Kinetic analysis of ciprofloxacin release followed the first-order kinetic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly 243006, UP, India
| | - Pramendra Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, M.J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly 243006, UP, India.
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3
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Kumar P, Kumar B, Gihar S, Kumar D. Review on emerging trends and challenges in the modification of xanthan gum for various applications. Carbohydr Res 2024; 538:109070. [PMID: 38460462 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2024.109070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
This review explores the realm of structural modifications and broad spectrum of their potential applications, with a special focus on the synthesis of xanthan gum derivatives through graft copolymerization methods. It delves into the creation of these derivatives by attaching functional groups (-OH and -COOH) to xanthan gum, utilizing a variety of initiators for grafting, and examining their diverse applications, especially in the areas of food packaging, pharmaceuticals, wastewater treatment, and antimicrobial activities. Xanthan gum is a biocompatible, biodegradable, less toxic, bioactive, and cost-effective natural polymer derived from Xanthomonas species. The native properties of xanthan gum can be improved by cross-linking, grafting, curing, blending, and various modification techniques. Grafted xanthan gum has excellent biodegradability, metal binding, dye adsorption, immunological properties, and wound healing ability. Owing to its remarkable properties, such as biocompatibility and its ability to form gels resembling the extracellular matrix of tissues, modified xanthan gum finds extensive utility across biomedicine, engineering, and the food industry. Furthermore, the review also covers various modified derivatives of xanthan gum that exhibit excellent biodegradability, metal binding, dye adsorption, immunological properties, and wound healing abilities. These applications could serve as important resources for a wide range of industries in future product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramendra Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, M. J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243006, U.P, India.
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, M. J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243006, U.P, India
| | - Sachin Gihar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, M. J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243006, U.P, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Applied Chemistry, M. J.P. Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, 243006, U.P, India
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4
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Manwatkar S, Agarwal A, Reddy K, Kumar B, Barnawal S, Saroj AK, Rao SK. Bacteriological Profile and Antibiogram of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia. Indian J Pediatr 2024; 91:315. [PMID: 38095781 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-023-04981-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Shiva Manwatkar
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care & Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, IMS BHU, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Aditi Agarwal
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care & Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, IMS BHU, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Keerthy Reddy
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care & Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, IMS BHU, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care & Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, IMS BHU, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Sucheta Barnawal
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care & Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, IMS BHU, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Anil Kumar Saroj
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care & Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, IMS BHU, Varanasi, UP, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Rao
- Division of Pediatric Intensive Care & Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, IMS BHU, Varanasi, UP, India.
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Stanyon M, Ryan K, Dilks J, Hartshorn K, Ingley P, Kumar B, Sira Mahalinggappa S, Mullins E, Misquitta O, Sidwell A, Dave S. Impact of involvement in mental health professional education on patient educators: a qualitative systematic review. BMJ Open 2024; 14:e084314. [PMID: 38388502 PMCID: PMC10884252 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2024-084314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Patient involvement in mental health professional education is required by policy but lacks a robust evidence base. The impact of involvement in education on patients with mental health conditions may differ from that of patients with other conditions. This study aims to review the impact of involvement in mental health professional education on the patients with mental health conditions involved. SETTING Electronic databases MEDLINE, PubMed, AMED, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Emcare, BNI, HMIC and CINAHL were systematically searched to find articles reporting on health professional teaching interventions involving patients with mental health conditions and the psychological, social or physical impact of involvement. The search took place in August 2023. RESULTS Findings from 20 articles were amalgamated into four synthesised findings: (1) Impact of general involvement (2) impact of making a difference through teaching, (3) impact of new relationships and (4) impact of talking about experiences. CONCLUSIONS Patient involvement in mental health professional education can be beneficial for patients with mental health conditions when their experiences are respected and valued as expertise by students and academic staff. The experiences of patient educators in the mental health field are unique in that teaching activities interact with their mental health. Future research should evaluate patient involvement in the mental health field separately and report research findings according to reporting guidelines. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42020224907.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Stanyon
- Psychiatry Teaching Unit, Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Karl Ryan
- Psychiatry Teaching Unit, Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
- Patient author, Derby, UK
| | - Joanna Dilks
- Psychiatry Teaching Unit, Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Kirsty Hartshorn
- University of Nottingham Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul Ingley
- University of Nottingham Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nottingham, UK
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Psychiatry Teaching Unit, Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | | | - Elizabeth Mullins
- University of Nottingham Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Nottingham, UK
| | - Olivia Misquitta
- Grayshott Surgery, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Hindhead, UK
| | - Alexa Sidwell
- Psychiatry Teaching Unit, Derbyshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Derby, UK
| | - Subodh Dave
- Royal College of Psychiatrists, London, UK
- University of Bolton, Bolton, UK
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Butel-Simoes G, Kiss C, Kong K, Rosen L, Hosking L, Barnes S, Jenkin G, Megaloudis S, Kumar B, Holland S, Ojaimi S. Disseminated tuberculosis, CMV viraemia & haemophagocytic-lymphohistiocystosis syndrome in an adult patient with anti- IFNγ autoantibodies - case report and brief review. Clin Immunol Commun 2023; 4:55-59. [PMID: 37906631 PMCID: PMC10600947 DOI: 10.1016/j.clicom.2023.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of an adult female with disseminated tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus viraemia and haemophagocytic-lymphohistiocystosis syndrome associated with neutralizing anti- interferon gamma (IFNγ) autoantibodies demonstrated by absent IFNγ stimulated STAT1 phosphorylation in the presence of patient sera. A brief review of immunodeficiency caused by anti-IFNγ autoantibodies is also described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Kiss
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - K. Kong
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - L.B. Rosen
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - L.M. Hosking
- Department of Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Immunology Laboratory, Laboratory Services, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - S. Barnes
- Monash Lung Sleep Allergy Immunology, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
- Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - G.A. Jenkin
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - S. Megaloudis
- Haematology Laboratory, Monash Pathology, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - B. Kumar
- Anatomical Pathology Laboratory, Monash Pathology, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
| | - S.M. Holland
- Immunopathogenesis Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - S. Ojaimi
- Monash Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Lung Sleep Allergy Immunology, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
- Immunology Laboratory, Monash Pathology, Monash Health, Victoria, Australia
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Gupta P, Kumar B, Banothu KK, Jain V. Assessment of Cardiorespiratory Fitness in 8-to-15-Year-Old Children with Overweight/Obesity by Three-Minute Step Test: Association with Degree of Obesity, Blood Pressure, and Insulin Resistance. Indian J Pediatr 2023; 90:1216-1222. [PMID: 36066791 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04311-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess cardiorespiratory fitness in children and adolescents with overweight/obesity using the Kasch pulse recovery (KPR) test, and its correlation with severity of obesity, insulin resistance, and blood pressure (BP). METHODS This is a retrospective analysis of baseline data from a study evaluating the efficacy of yoga for reduction of body mass index (BMI) in children aged 8-15 y with overweight/obesity. KPR three-minute step test was done. Children were classified into cardiorespiratory fitness categories based on the post-KPR heart rate (HR); the maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was calculated, and the correlation analysis was done. RESULTS One hundred fifty-five children with mean age of 11.6 ± 1.8 y and mean BMI of 26.2 ± 4.1 kg/m2 were included. Mean post-KPR-HR and calculated VO2 max were 119 ± 14 per minute and 48.7 ± 5.6 mL/kg/min, respectively. In children < 13 y, cardiorespiratory fitness was excellent or very good in 28%, good or sufficient in 58%, and poor or very poor in 14%. BMI, waist circumference (WC), resting HR, systolic BP, and homeostatic model of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were higher among those with poor/very poor fitness, with WC z score being statistically significant (p = 0.015). Post-KPR-HR showed positive correlation with BMI z score (r = 0.16, p = 0.044), WC z score (r = 0.21, p = 0.011), and HOMA-IR (r = 0.22, p = 0.012). CONCLUSION In children with overweight/obesity, 14% had poor cardiorespiratory fitness. Post-KPR-HR and calculated VO2 max had good correlation with measures of obesity and HOMA-IR. Further studies evaluating cardiorespiratory fitness and normative data of VO2 max for Indian children are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Gupta
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Kiran Kumar Banothu
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Vandana Jain
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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Patel M G, Borah N, Kumar B, Rai R, Singh V, Maji C. MEDITERRANEAN DIET AND ITS IMPACT ON THE ILLNESS CHARACTERISTIC OF YOUTH WITH IRRITABLE BOWEL CONDITION. Georgian Med News 2023:62-66. [PMID: 38325300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Irritable Bowel Disorder (IBD) is a prevalent digestive illness that frequently affects young people and drastically decreases the Quality of Life (QoL). Adults with IBD indications may find relief from their symptoms through nutritional changes like the Mediterranean-style diet. Concerning the seriousness of symptoms, QoL, and additional pertinent results in young people with IBD, this investigation seeks to determine the impact of the Mediterranean-style diet. 200 individuals with IBD who met the Rome-IV criterion and were between the ages of 13 and 19 were enrolled in the present research. A Mediterranean-style diet was provided to the Study Group (SG), which consisted of 100 individuals, while the Control Group (CG), which consisted of 100 patients, followed the usual diet. Various laboratory and clinical characteristics were also assessed at the beginning and end of the study, in addition to IBD values. The Mediterranean-style diet has been demonstrated to be effective and tolerated well in kids and teenagers with IBD. The IBD -SSS (from 148±42.3 to 224±71) IBD -QoL (from 76.7±8.1 to 61.3±9.8), and cumulative IBD rating (from 29.3±11.7 to 32.6±12.1) all showed notable increases in individuals who followed well to this diet. The CG, in comparison, did not show any significant enhancements in these factors. This indicates that a Mediterranean-style diet might provide therapeutic advantages for IBD individuals, especially those who keep adherent to it, concerning symptom severity and QoL. The Mediterranean-style diet proved to be both secure and associated with notable improvements in IBD rates in young and adolescents with IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Patel M
- 1Department of Community Medicine, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - N Borah
- 2Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - B Kumar
- 3School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
| | - R Rai
- 4Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - V Singh
- 5Department of General Medicine, TMMC&RC, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ch Maji
- 6Department of Pharmacy, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kumar B, Tanwar S, Ganta S, Saxena K, Patel K, Asha K. INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF NICOTINE FROM CIGARETTES ON THE GROWTH OF ABDOMINAL AORTIC ANEURYSMS: REVIEW. Georgian Med News 2023:183-188. [PMID: 38325321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Separating aneurysmal arterial disease from atherosclerosis and further occlusive artery conditions, it is a vascular degenerative disorder. Within the vascular tree, there is a regionalization of the propensity to produce aneurysms and the different locations result in different clinical processes. As the predominant risk factor for ubrenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), smoking is one of the most common manifestations of aneurysmal illness. For AAA compared to atherosclerosis, smoking is a far bigger risk factor. Along with contributing to the pathophysiology of AAA, smoking raises the likelihood that established AAA will rupture as well as its rate of expansion. The development of improved models for animals that are reliant on smoke or smoke constituents is helping to determine the mechanistic connection between AAA and smoking. According to the processes, there are long-lasting changes in the function of inflammatory and vascular smooth muscle cells. Focused on AAA, this review looks at the medical, epidemiology and mechanical evidence that links smoking to aneurysms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kumar
- 1School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
| | - S Tanwar
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - Sh Ganta
- 3Department of Community Medicine, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Saxena
- 4Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Patel
- 5Department of Gynaecology, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - K Asha
- 6Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
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Gupta M, Jain S, Chandani P, Patel J D, Asha K, Kumar B. ANXIETY SYNDROMES IN ADOLESCENTS WITH OPERATIONAL RESPIRATORY CONDITIONS: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY. Georgian Med News 2023:166-171. [PMID: 38325318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Aim - determining the prevalence of anxiety disorders and their effect on disease progression and quality of life in adults with organic illnesses and functional disorders of the respiratory system treated in a pulmonology environment. A total of 135 young adults between the ages of 13 and 17 were analyzed. There were a total of 46 adolescents diagnosed with somatoform respiratory disorders (SRD), 45 adolescents diagnosed with bronchial asthma (BA), and 44 adolescents diagnosed with pneumonia. The Spielberger-Khanin anxiety questionnaire and the Nijmegen hyperventilation syndrome (HVS) scale were used for the research and diagnosis, respectively. The quality of life was measured using the asthma quality of life questionnaire (AQLQ). In comparison to adults with asthma (33.2%) and pneumonia (32.3%), adults with SRD (34.5%). There were mild immediate associations between the Spielberger scale and the Nijmegen HVS questionnaire for both trait and state anxiety, and mild inverse correlations between the Spielberger scale and the AQLQ for both state and trait anxiety. Adolescents with anxiety had a higher prevalence of trauma, pain, and social issues than their non-anxious counterparts who were referred to psychiatry. In adolescents, 5.1% had severe trait anxiety, and 19.3% had severe condition anxiety. Adolescents with SRD were twice as likely to suffer from extreme state and trait anxiety as the general population. It is hypothesized that anxiety problems are at the root of HVS and contribute to adults' dissatisfaction with their quality of life due to lung ailments. Although certain adolescents with anxiety disorders were referred for anxiety, this data nevertheless lends credence to the idea that using standardized and structured instruments regularly might help increase accuracy and detection rates in the clinic, regardless of the reason for referral. Complete evaluations are essential for this patient population due to the intricacy of their symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gupta
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - Sh Jain
- 2Department of Paediatrics, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Chandani
- 3Department of Data Science (DS, AI, CSBS), Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Patel J
- 4Department of Pharmacology, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - K Asha
- 5Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - B Kumar
- 6School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
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Kumar B, Saxena B, Gupta P, Batra R, Patel J D, Ganapathy K. EFFECTS OF SOCIAL ESTRANGEMENT ON YOUNG PEOPLE'S MATURATION: A REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH. Georgian Med News 2023:196-202. [PMID: 38325323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
A major issue among adolescents in recent years has been social isolation, or the sensation cut off and alone from peers and society. The effects of social isolation on youngsters and adolescents are investigated with special attention paying to the possible negative effects on their physical and mental health. Multiple studies have shown a link between adversity in life domains and adolescent social isolation. Firstly, it can have a major effect on mental health, raising the probability of experiencing things like anxiety, sadness and even suicidal thoughts. Second, it prevents the development of vital social abilities, making it harder to make and keep close friends. In addition, social isolation is associated with worse academic performance, which in turn reduces the number of courses a student can take and the number of jobs they can have in the future. After looking over 520 papers, 15 were chosen for the systematic review. Four researches reported the implications on general health, while two investigations reported on ramifications affecting the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis area along with social and mental growth of children. In conclusion, social isolation affects youth development across a wide spectrum, including psychological well-being, interpersonal skills, and academic success. Children and adolescents who experience isolation are more likely to suffer from anxiety and sadness, according to the review's findings. Cortical levels rise and mental growth slows in socially isolated children. Children and adolescents should be monitored by health professionals during and after the COVID-19 pandemic to ensure that their mental and physical health needs are met.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kumar
- 1School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
| | - B Saxena
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - P Gupta
- 3Department of psychiatry, TMMC&RC, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Batra
- 4Department of Mechanical Engineering, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Patel J
- 5Department of Pharmacology, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - K Ganapathy
- 6Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
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Shunmugavelu K, Kannapan H, Vaishnavi P, Dhinakaran EC, Lavanya S, Kumar B. APPLICATIONS OF THREE DIMENSIONAL FACIAL COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY IN HEAD AND NECK REGION - A REVIEW. Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol 2023; 28:544-548. [PMID: 38155147 DOI: 10.33145/2304-8336-2023-28-544-548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
3D facial CT has evolved and revolutionized diagnosis leading to better management. The limitations of conventional 2D methods limit the therapeutic options related to leading to an erroneous treatment. Although 3D facial CT is expensive, its advantages outweigh the cons. They are used in surgery, prosthetic replacement, orthodontics and forensics.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Shunmugavelu
- PSP Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Tambaram - Kanchipuram Main Road, Oragadam, Panruti, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, 631604, India
| | - H Kannapan
- Sree Balaji Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chrompet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600044, India
| | - P Vaishnavi
- Sri Venkateswara Dental College Hospital, Off.Old Mahabalipuram Road, Near Navalur Thalambur, Chennai, 600130, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - E C Dhinakaran
- Sree Balaji Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chrompet, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600044, India
| | - S Lavanya
- Malabar cancer centre, Thalassery, Kerala, 670103, India
| | - B Kumar
- Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) Dental College and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400614, India
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Ajay A, Chauhan A, Vaishnav S, Rani C, Kumar B, De UK, Verma MR, Singh M, Gaur GK. Impact of body condition on sow and litter performance, postpartum physiological, hematological, and biochemical parameters in Landlly crossbred pigs. Trop Anim Health Prod 2023; 55:393. [PMID: 37923850 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-023-03772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
A total of 32 Landlly crossbred sows were categorized into three groups based on their body condition score (BCS) on the 90th day of gestation viz. low, moderate, and high body condition groups. BCS assessments were subsequently conducted on the 102nd day, at farrowing, and on the 7th, 17th, 27th, and 42nd day postpartum, along with measurements of ultrasonic backfat thickness and body weight. Key reproductive performance traits, including total number born (TNB) and alive (TLA), stillbirths, mummification, and litter weight at birth and weaning, were recorded. Several physiological, health, biochemical, and hematological parameters were also estimated at different lactation stages. Analysis of the data revealed that TNB, TLA (P<0.04), and weaned piglets (P<0.01), as well as litter weight at birth (P<0.08) and weaning (P<0.08), were significantly higher in the low BCS group. Meanwhile, the weaning to estrous interval (P<0.04) was optimized in the high and moderate BCS groups. However, sows with high body condition exhibited higher stillbirths and pre-weaning mortality. Additionally, the order of increasing body condition correlated with superior colostrum quality, characterized by higher IgG levels (P<0.02), and increased average milk yield during early and mid-lactation (P<0.03). A high occurrence of postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS) was evident in obese sows (P<0.001). Moreover, a positive correlation was found between the body condition of sows at late gestation and cortisol concentration throughout lactation across the three BCS groups (P<0.0001). Furthermore, a strong positive correlation was observed between the postpartum serum concentration of T3 (thyroid hormone) (P<0.002) and the prepartum body condition of sows. Based on these findings, maintaining sows with a moderate body condition (BCS of 3) and a backfat thickness of 21 mm in the breeding herd is recommended for enhancing profitability and productivity at the farm level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argana Ajay
- Swine Production Farm, Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - Anuj Chauhan
- Swine Production Farm, Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India.
| | - Sakshi Vaishnav
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - Chhaya Rani
- Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - U K De
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - Med Ram Verma
- Division of Livestock Economics and Statistics, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - Mukesh Singh
- Swine Production Farm, Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
| | - G K Gaur
- Swine Production Farm, Livestock Production and Management Section, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, UP, 243122, India
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Jose B, Punetha M, Tripathi MK, Khanna S, Yadav V, Singh AK, Kumar B, Singh K, Chouhan VS, Sarkar M. CRISPR/Cas mediated disruption of BMPR-1B gene and introduction of FecB mutation into the Caprine embryos using Easi-CRISPR strategy. Theriogenology 2023; 211:125-133. [PMID: 37619525 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Bone Morphogenetic Proteins play a significant role in ovarian physiology and contribute to the reproductive fitness of mammals. The BMPR-1B/FecB mutation, a loss of function mutation increases litter size by 1-2 with each number of mutated alleles in sheep. Considering demand-supply gap of the meat industry, and low replacement rate of indigenous caprine species, the conservative BMPR-1B locus can be explored, and FecB mutated goats can be produced. The experiment one produced CRISPR/Cas mediated KO transferable caprine embryos, and experiment two generated caprine embryos with desired FecB mutation using Easi-CRISPR strategy. In the KO experiment, Cas9 and BMPR-1B guide RNA (100:100ng/ul) were electroporated into single stage caprine zygotes at 750V, 10 ms and 1pulse using Neon transfection system. In the second experiment, phosphorothioate (PS) modified single-stranded oligodeoxynucleotide (ssODN) was used as an HDR template along with CRISPR components (100:100ng/ul, ssODN 100ng/ul). The precise time and method of electroporation, RNP format of CRISPR components and PS modified asymmetric ssODN were the factors that affected the production of mosaicism free BMPR-1B edited caprine embryos. The editing efficiency of KO and KI experiments was 68.52 and 63.16% respectively, and successful production of goats with higher mean ovulation rate can be realized with addition of embryo transfer technology to these experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bosco Jose
- Physiology & Climatology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Meeti Punetha
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar Tripathi
- Physiology & Climatology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Shivani Khanna
- Physiology & Climatology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Vijay Yadav
- Physiology & Climatology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Amit Kumar Singh
- Physiology & Climatology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Division of Animal Reproduction, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Kiranjeet Singh
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Vikrant Singh Chouhan
- Physiology & Climatology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India
| | - Mihir Sarkar
- Physiology & Climatology Division, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI), Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, 243122, India.
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Singh B, Mishra S, Kumar R, Patel J D, Malathi H, Kumar B. IMPLICATION OF THREAT FACTORS AND PREEXISTING DISORDERS IN DIFFERENT ISCHEMIC STROKE SUBGROUPS IN ELDERLY PEOPLE: A SYSTEMATIC STUDY. Georgian Med News 2023:43-46. [PMID: 38236097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a major health issue, especially for the older population and it may have severe effects. Stroke diagnosis and treatment have advanced over the last 20 years, which has resulted in considerable reductions in death, long-term impairment, and the need for institutional care. Younger age groups have seen the majority of trials for acute, interventional, and preventive therapy. The purpose of this research was to identify distinct subgroups of older people who had suffered an ischemic stroke and examine the role that risk factors and previous illnesses played in their development. Ischemic stroke risk factors varied by age, gender and exhibited their own unique features. Smoking, cholesterol, and psychological/emotional stress were shown to have the greatest prevalence (p<0.06) among stroke patients aged 45-60. Smoking is associated with a significant (p<0.07) decline in health in elderly people. Our results imply that there are significant patterns of risk factors and preexisting illnesses among the various subgroups of older people who have had an ischemic stroke. Atherosclerotic (large-artery) and cardio embolic (small-artery) ischemic strokes were shown to be the most prevalent among the elderly. Strong associations were found between these subtypes and other risk factors, including higher cholesterol, diabetes, high blood pressure, and atrial fibrillation. This research emphasizes the need for individualized preventative methods and therapeutic therapy, as well as the need to recognize the variability of ischemic stroke in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Singh
- 1Department of Pharmacy, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - S Mishra
- 2Department of General Medicine, TMMC&RC, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Kumar
- 3Department of Pharmacy, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Patel J
- 4Department of Pharmacology, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - H Malathi
- 5Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - B Kumar
- 6School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
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Kumar S, Yadav S, Patel K, Jyothi R, Kumar B, Patidar V. EARLY IMPLANT OUTCOMES IN ADULTS WITH DENTAL DECAY TREATED WITH PHOTODYNAMIC TREATMENT. Georgian Med News 2023:19-26. [PMID: 38236093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A fast implant is a kind of implant to place in the cavity right away after dental extraction. These implants are shown to maintain cervical marrow and reduce the number of surgery operations required for patients. The Photodynamic treatment (PDT) uses antimicrobial processes to supplement nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Combined through the scaling and root planning (SRP), and PDT is more effective. This study aims to assess the effects of PDT on initial findings with dental implants (DI) placed in patients having gum disease with SRP against patients who do not at the 12-month follow-up point. An aggregate of 25 implants were inserted in 16 patients, 12 of whom were in the test group (TG) and 13 of whom were in the control group (CG). SRP is conducted toward rapid implant assignment in the control site, while PDT as an adjunct to SRP (SRP + PDT) is executed prior to instant implant insertion in test sites. At the beginning, 4 months, 8 months, and 12 months, gingival index, radiovisiographs, inquiring pocket intensity, clinical attachment level, and plaque index were obtained. Basic durability was assessed after implant insertion, and the recovery index was measured a week later. In this analysis, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) technique is used to predict tooth decay earlier. The CG experienced 1.10 mm of mean marginal bone loss after the 12-month research period, compared to 0.97 mm for the (SRP + PDT) group. After reaching the CG and TG, the differences in plaque score and probe depth were noteworthy. Clinical indicators compared to the basis in a year revealed unquestionable improvement, including the probing depth gingival index, plaque index and clinical attachment level. Twelve months were spent monitoring the implants in both groups. The little bone loss improved, although it isn't clinically important. The endurance rate for rapid implants in the PDT grouping is the same as that of the group that underwent SRP. The impact of PTD is utilized as a supplement to SRP. Yet, the consequence is marginal. Because of the improved results with PDT, it is used successfully as an addition to SRP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sh Kumar
- 1Department of prosthodontics and crown & bridge, TMDC & RC, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Yadav
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - K Patel
- 3Department of Gynaecology, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - R Jyothi
- 4Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - B Kumar
- 5School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
| | - V Patidar
- 6Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
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Kumar S, Harisankar AG, Singh R, Kumar A, Kumar B, Mandal M. Lipoma of the gastrointestinal tract: a tertiary care centre experience. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023. [PMID: 37823391 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2023.0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gastrointestinal (GI) lipomas are rare; however, they are frequent enough to be considered in the differential diagnosis of gut tumours. Here, we present our experience with GI lipomas managed at our institute over the last three years. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with GI lipomas managed between January, 2020 and April, 2023 at a tertiary care centre. Clinical presentation, location, and details of surgical procedure were analysed. RESULTS Ten patients were included, six of whom had lipoma in the colon, one in the stomach, and one each in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. The mean age at the time of presentation was 48.8 years (range, 19-77 years), and strong male preponderance (4:1) was noted. Preoperative diagnosis of lipoma on cross-sectional imaging was possible in all patients. All patients were symptomatic and were managed surgically. CONCLUSIONS While GI lipomas are generally considered to be indolent and benign tumours, they can potentially lead to severe complications. The utilisation of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging has brought about a significant transformation in diagnosing this condition, enabling preoperative identification in most cases. The surgery offers a definitive treatment with minimal risk of postoperative complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kumar
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, India
| | | | - R Singh
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, India
| | - A Kumar
- BIG Apollo Spectra Hospitals, India
| | - B Kumar
- Sri Krishna Medical College and Hospital, India
| | - M Mandal
- Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, India
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Manzar GS, Rafei H, Kumar B, Shanley M, Acharya S, Liu B, Xu A, Wang XA, Islam S, Kaplan M, Basar R, Uprety N, Shrestha R, Garza LM, Li Y, Banerjee PP, Spiotto MT, Dabaja B, Rezvani K, Daher M. Radiation Therapy Sensitizes Head-and-Neck Cancer Cells to Killing by Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR)-NK Cells Targeting CD70. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S167-S168. [PMID: 37784417 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) CAR-T cell therapy is limited by toxicity, high cost, logistical manufacturing issues in the autologous setting and risk of GVHD in the allogeneic setting. Substitution of T cells with NK cells opens the possibility for an allogeneic off-the-shelf product with a better safety profile. However, the inadequate efficacy of CAR-NK cells against solid tumors can be extrapolated from experience with CAR-T cells. There is limited but promising preclinical evidence that radiation therapy (RT) enhances CAR-T cell tumoricidal activity against solid tumors. However, there is no data examining the potential synergy between RT and CAR-NK cell therapy. MATERIALS/METHODS We engineered CAR-NK cells with CD27 receptor as extracellular domain to target its natural ligand CD70, which is overexpressed in head-and-neck cancers (HNSCC). CAR-NK cell killing was assessed real-time through xCELLigence cytotoxicity assays. CD70+ OQ01 human HNSCCs were used for most experiments. FaDu is a CD70- HNSCC (negative ctrl). UMRC3 is a CD70+ kidney cancer cell line (positive ctrl). CD70 expression pre- and post-RT was assessed by flow cytometry and Western blot. Ionizing RT was compared at 5 doses: 0, 1.75, 3.5, 7, and 14 Gy. A single dose of 3.5 Gy was used for most experiments. Post-radiation effects were generally assessed at 3 days or 9 days post-RT. Intracellular staining was used to assess NK cell expression of IFN-γ, CD107a, and TNF-α by flow cytometry. CD27/CD70 interaction blockade was through α-CD27 pre-treatment of CAR-NK cells. RESULTS OQ01 HNSCCs heterogeneously express CD70 and are killed by CD70 CAR-NK cells in vitro. Pre-conditioning low-dose RT of 3.5 Gy applied to OQ01 HNSCCs 3 days prior to coculture with NK cells enhances CD70 CAR-NK cell killing, with ∼30% increased cytotoxicity against the tumor cells. Low-dose RT by itself did not induce acute cytolysis. As a possible mechanism for the increased sensitivity of irradiated OQ01 cells to CD70 CAR-NK cells, we found that RT enhances CD70 expression among HNSCCs in a dose-dependent manner. There was no increase in NK cell expression of IFN-γ, CD107a, and TNF-α with exposure to irradiated target cells. CD27/CD70 blockade does not solely abrogate RT-induced sensitization toward CAR-NK cell killing. Despite RT induction of transient increased expression of CD70, which normalizes by 9 days post-RT, there is persistent increase in RT-synergized target cell killing even at this later timepoint. Thus, altogether, RT sensitizes CD70-expressing HNSCC cells to CAR-NK cell killing in vitro. CONCLUSION This work represents the first preclinical study to identify the synergy of RT and CAR-NK cell therapy in solid tumors and is the first demonstration of CAR-NK cell activity against human HNSCCs. We show significantly enhanced potency of CAR-NK cells against irradiated tumor cells in vitro. Collectively, this research will be vital to guide efforts expanding into other target antigens and tumor types.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Manzar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - H Rafei
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - B Kumar
- Department of Radiation Oncology City of Hope, Duarte, CA
| | - M Shanley
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - S Acharya
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - B Liu
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - A Xu
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - X A Wang
- Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - S Islam
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - M Kaplan
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - R Basar
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - N Uprety
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - R Shrestha
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - L Melo Garza
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Y Li
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - P P Banerjee
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - M T Spiotto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - B Dabaja
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - K Rezvani
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - M Daher
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Patel M G, Sharma U S U, Kumar B, Patel P, Chander A, Tyagi P. UNDERSTANDING THE VITAL DETERMINANTS SHAPING LEARNERS' PHYSICAL ACTIVITYAND PSYCHOEMOTIONAL WELLBEING IN THE COVID-19 PERIOD. Georgian Med News 2023:98-103. [PMID: 38096524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The Corona Virus (COV-19) epidemic significantly affected the educational environment, requiring a quick transition to distance and blended learning methods. This extraordinary disruption had an incredible impact on pupil's levels of physical activity (PA), psycho-emotional health (PEH) and engagement with academic material. The research aims to examine the vital determinants that influenced various areas of learners' lives during CoV-19. The purpose of this 600-person study was to collect data on the subjects' overall health and PA levels for the CoV-19 pandemic. The SPSS application was used to process the questionnaire's collected data. The information given reveals the respondents' degree of PA throughout the quarantine. According to the breakdown, 15% indicated low levels of PA, 39% reported medium levels and 46% reported high levels. The data show that, despite the respondents' different levels of PA, little PA predominated for most of them. The limitations of distance learning throughout quarantine and the prevalent recommendation of leaving residence for necessary reasons were blamed for this tendency. There were fewer prospects for higher-intensity PA due to these circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Patel M
- 1Department of Community Medicine, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - U Sharma U S
- 2Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - B Kumar
- 3School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
| | - P Patel
- 4Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - A Chander
- 5Department of Ophthalmology, TMMC&RC, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - P Tyagi
- 6Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Jain S, Padhi S, Patel M G, Malathi H, Kumar B, Madaan S. AN INCREASED RISK OF HORMONAL DISORDERS, PRIMARILY DIABETES, IN INDIVIDUALS WITH Β -THALASSEMIA MAJOR: A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS. Georgian Med News 2023:179-185. [PMID: 38096537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
β-Thalassemia major is an inherited blood condition marked by a serious anemia and a lifetime need for blood transfusions. The effects of β-thalassemia major on endocrine health, notably the risk of diabetes, remain largely unstudied, despite the fact that its haematological components are established. The purpose of this systematic analysis was to examine the incidence of reduced metabolism of glucose in β--thalassemia major. The articles were under the inclusion requirements, after which the data was retrieved. The main outcome was determined to be every prevalence (P) of DM (diabetes mellitus) in β-thalassemia major. In order to examine the percentage of aberrant glucose metabolism (GM) with individuals among β-thalassemia major, the P with the 95% CI (Confidence Interval) was utilized. In this retrospective investigation, we looked at a cohort of people with β-thalassemia major diagnoses to determine the incidence and risk of hormonal diseases, particularly diabetes. A specialist thalassemia facility treated 315 individuals with β-thalassemia major, and their medical records were examined. Age, gender, age at which a main diagnosis of β-thalassemia was made, the length of transfusion treatment, and concomitant diseases were gathered as part of the demographic and clinical data. Our research, which included 17 studies and 1500 cases altogether, showed that with β -thalassemia major had a considerably greater frequency of diabetes than people in general. With a mean beginning age of 30 years, diabetes was identified in 28% of the research cohort's participants. The combined meta-analysis showed that each year had a rather stable level of DM P in β-thalassemia major. In people with major β-thalassemia, the P of impaired fasting glucose (IFG), DM, and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was 17.22% (95% CI: 8.44%-26.02%), (6.57 (95% CI: 5.31%- 7.79%) and 12.47 % (95% CI: 5.97%-18.95%), respectively. Our research suggests that people with β-thalassemia major have a high chance of acquiring diabetes, particularly if they get extended transfusion treatment. For prompt diagnosis and care, early detection of diabetes and other hormonal problems in this group is crucial. In β-thalassemia major, there is a high frequency of endocrine problems, including improper GM. To stop growth and endocrine issues, treatment and preventative measures can be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jain
- 1Department of Anatomy, TMMC&RC, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - S Padhi
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology (Pharmacy Institute), Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - G Patel M
- 3Department of Community Medicine, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - H Malathi
- 4Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - B Kumar
- 5School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sh Madaan
- 6Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
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Ganapathy K, Kumar B, Shekhawat S, Mishra S, Mishra R, Patel J D. EXPLORING CLINICAL VARIATIONS AND CO-MORBID TRENDS IN PD-MCI GROUPS. Georgian Med News 2023:165-171. [PMID: 38096535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease in Mild Cognitive Impairment (PD-MCI) is a complex condition characterized by a variety of cognitive problems that coexist with the physical symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). This study aims to examine the different medical indicators and associated tendencies among different PD-MCI groups. We investigated 132 people who had been given PD-MCI diagnoses. Utilizing SPSS, statistical evaluations are carried out. In overall PD-MCI variants, this investigation found that visuospatial ability and attentional/executive performance are the most impaired cognitive areas. It was also noticed that distinct PD-MCI groups had variances in their neurological characteristics, in multi domain amnesia (Non-Memory) PD-MCI patients exhibiting especially severe issues with unstable posture and walking. The intricacy of PD- Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) is highlighted by those results, which also imply that the interplay between mental and physical signs may be controlled by a number of interrelated factors, such as particular cognitive areas, brain surfaces, and the general level of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ganapathy
- 1Department of Biotechnology, School of Sciences, JAIN (Deemed-to-be University), Karnataka, India
| | - B Kumar
- 2School of Pharmacy & Research, Dev Bhoomi Uttarakhand University, Dehradun, India
| | - Sh Shekhawat
- 3Department of Allied Healthcare and Sciences, Vivekananda Global University, Jaipur, India
| | - S Mishra
- 4Department of General Medicine, TMMC&RC, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - R Mishra
- 5Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - D Patel J
- 6Department of Pharmacology, Parul University, PO Limda, Tal. Waghodia, District Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Kumar B, Khatpe AS, Guanglong J, Batic K, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Granatir MM, Addison RJ, Szymanski M, Baldridge LA, Temm CJ, Sandusky G, Althouse SK, Cote ML, Miller KD, Storniolo AM, Nakshatri H. Stromal heterogeneity may explain increased incidence of metaplastic breast cancer in women of African descent. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5683. [PMID: 37709737 PMCID: PMC10502140 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41473-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The biologic basis of genetic ancestry-dependent variability in disease incidence and outcome is just beginning to be explored. We recently reported enrichment of a population of ZEB1-expressing cells located adjacent to ductal epithelial cells in normal breasts of women of African ancestry compared to those of European ancestry. In this study, we demonstrate that these cells have properties of fibroadipogenic/mesenchymal stromal cells that express PROCR and PDGFRα and transdifferentiate into adipogenic and osteogenic lineages. PROCR + /ZEB1 + /PDGFRα+ (PZP) cells are enriched in normal breast tissues of women of African compared to European ancestry. PZP: epithelial cell communication results in luminal epithelial cells acquiring basal cell characteristics and IL-6-dependent increase in STAT3 phosphorylation. Furthermore, level of phospho-STAT3 is higher in normal and cancerous breast tissues of women of African ancestry. PZP cells transformed with HRasG12V ± SV40-T/t antigens generate metaplastic carcinoma suggesting that these cells are one of the cells-of-origin of metaplastic breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi, UP, 221005, India
| | - Aditi S Khatpe
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jiang Guanglong
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Katie Batic
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | - Maggie M Granatir
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Rebekah Joann Addison
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Megan Szymanski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Lee Ann Baldridge
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Constance J Temm
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - George Sandusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Sandra K Althouse
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Michele L Cote
- Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Kathy D Miller
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Anna Maria Storniolo
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- VA Roudebush Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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23
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Viljoen L, Acaba J, Agbassi YJP, Beko B, Goslett C, Hoddinott G, Kumar B, Kumar RG, McKenna L, Moses G, Sachs T, Seidel S, von Delft A. Community perspective on child-friendly medications for drug-resistant TB: importance, priorities and advocacy. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2023; 27:655-657. [PMID: 37608482 PMCID: PMC10443785 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.23.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Viljoen
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Acaba
- The BENEFIT Kids Community Advisory Board (CAB), Asia Pacific Council of AIDS Service Organizations, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Y J P Agbassi
- Global Tuberculosis Community Advisory Board (TB CAB)
| | - B Beko
- TB Proof, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Goslett
- The BENEFIT Kids Community Advisory Board (CAB), Desmond Tutu TB Centre CAB, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - G Hoddinott
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Kumar
- The BENEFIT Kids Community Advisory Board (CAB), Global Coalition of TB Advocates
| | - R G Kumar
- Touched by TB, National Coalition of People Affected by TB, India
| | - L McKenna
- Treatment Action Group, New York, NY
| | - G Moses
- Global Tuberculosis Community Advisory Board (TB CAB)
| | - T Sachs
- Desmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - A von Delft
- The BENEFIT Kids Community Advisory Board (CAB), TB Proof, Cape Town, South Africa
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Chouraddi R, Kumar S, Kumar B, Bhatia M, Varada VV, Tyagi N, Mallapa RH. Techno-functional characterization of fecal lactobacilli isolates of Bos indicus calves for probiotic properties. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:1285-1302. [PMID: 36749534 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this study, 105 bacterial colonies were isolated from the feces of newborn healthy Bos indicus calves and 37 isolates were confirmed using morphological, biochemical tests, and genus-specific PCR as lactobacilli. 11 isolates were then short-listed for in vitro probiotic testing based on their ability to dwell under acid and bile stress. Species-level identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that they were Ligilactobacillus salivarius. These isolates flourished in 0.4% phenol, depicting resistance in adverse conditions encountered in the gastrointestinal tract. The results of cell surface hydrophobicity were found to be 74.50% for RBL12 and 62.62% for RBL09 in hexadecane and xylene, respectively, and that of auto-aggregation was highest in RBL26 (58.92%). These isolates also produced digestive enzymes like amylase, protease, and β-galactosidase. Further assays reiterated their antimicrobial and coaggregation potential against diarrhea-causing pathogens like Escherichia coli ATCC-25922 and Salmonella arizonae ATCC-13314. Biosafety assessment revealed that none of the tested isolates were hemolytic and mucinolytic in nature. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of the isolates was also confirmed using 1,1‑diphenyl‑2‑picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Along with efficient utilization of inulin, isolates showed promising adhesion ability to the HT-29 cell line. The current findings hence conclude that these Lactobacillus isolates can be exploited as animal probiotics for potential application in young calves to foster gut health and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Chouraddi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Manika Bhatia
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Vinay Venkatesh Varada
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Nitin Tyagi
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab, Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
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25
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Gandhi K, Patil ST, Kumar B, Patel M, Chawre P, Ahmad M, Pandita K, Parate SB. Morphometry and Intracranial Relations of the Sphenoid Sinus in Context to Endoscopic Transnasal Transsphenoidal Surgery. Cureus 2023; 15:e40187. [PMID: 37431332 PMCID: PMC10329853 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.40187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Due to the variable degree of pneumatization, the shape and size of the sphenoid sinus are irregular. An endoscopic intranasal transsphenoidal approach is made in sphenoid sinus pathologies, sphenoid sinusitis, and sellar and parasellar diseases. A diagnostic approach to the sphenoid sinus is also done to get a better MRI scan of the pituitary. The present study aims to describe the variant types of sphenoid sinus, morphometry, anatomy, and relations of sphenoid sinus, which will be helpful to surgeons during an endoscopic approach to the sphenoid sinus. Materials and methods We studied 76 cadaveric sphenoid sinuses that were exposed by taking a sagittal section of 38 formalin-fixed cadaveric heads. After examining the inter-sphenoidal septum, it was removed to observe the inside aspect of the sphenoid sinus. Different dimensions of the sinus were noted down. The bulges inside the sinus due to neurovascular structures in relation to the sinus were observed. Results The most prominent type found was the sellar in 68.4% of cases preceded by the postsellar in 23.7% of cases. Presellar type of pneumatization was seen only in 7.9% of cases and the conchal type was absent. Intersphenoid septum was seen in 92,1% of cases, out of which 11.4% of septums were deficient on the posterior aspect. An internal carotid artery bulge in the sphenoid sinus was seen in 46% of cases. In 27.6% and 19.7% of sphenoid sinuses, bulging of the optic and vidian nerves, respectively, were seen. Some of these structures were dehiscent in the sphenoid sinus. Conclusions To get more space in the sphenoid sinus, the septa in the sinus are removed by surgeons, which may damage the walls of the sphenoid sinus. Knowledge of the relations of neurovascular structures with the sphenoid sinus will be helpful to surgeons during the transsphenoidal endoscopic approach to avoid any injury to these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum Gandhi
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Sumit T Patil
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Manmohan Patel
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Prashant Chawre
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Mohtashim Ahmad
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Kawal Pandita
- Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Swapna B Parate
- Anatomy, SMBT Institute of Medical Science & Research Center, Nashik, IND
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26
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Chaware P, Kumar B, Patil S, Surya V, Rathinam B, Gandhi K, Patel M. A Cadaveric Study to Define Morphology and Morphometry of Human Knee Menisci in the Region of Central India. Cureus 2023; 15:e41174. [PMID: 37525816 PMCID: PMC10387186 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The medial and lateral menisci of the knee joint are the functional unit that helps to increase the depth of articular surfaces on the head of a tibia for the reception of femoral condyles. Menisci are important for the distribution of load and thus help to reduce stress on the knee joint. The anatomical knowledge of morphology and morphometry of menisci is vital while performing surgeries in cases of meniscal injury. The study aimed to define the variational anatomy of the menisci of the knee joint. Material and Methods Ninety-six cadaveric knees of 48 cadavers were included in the study. Different shapes of both; lateral and medial menisci were recorded. The peripheral lengths and inner lengths of the menisci were measured with the nonelastic cotton thread. Menisci were divided into three parts; anterior, middle, and posterior. The maximum width and thickness of each part of the menisci were measured and documented. Distance between the medial and lateral meniscus in each knee was measured at the anterior and posterior ends. The most anterior and the most posterior part of each meniscus was determined and the distance between these parts of each meniscus was measured and recorded as the distance between two horns. Results Four morphological types of menisci were found; in medial menisci, the most common was crescent‑shaped (53%), and in lateral menisci, the most common shape was c‑shape (62.5%). The average peripheral length of the medial menisci was 92.0 mm and the lateral menisci was 96.08 mm while the average inner length of the medial and lateral meniscus was 56.19 mm and 58.92 mm respectively. The anterior third of the medial as well as lateral meniscus was thinnest while the posterior third was thickest. The width of the medial menisci was less at the anterior end and was more at the posterior ends while the width of the lateral meniscus was almost the same at the anterior, middle, and posterior ends. Conclusion The findings of the present study will be helpful for surgeons while planning and performing surgical procedures and for anatomists during routine teaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Chaware
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Sumit Patil
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Venkata Surya
- Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal, IND
| | - Bertha Rathinam
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Kusum Gandhi
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Manmohan Patel
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
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27
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Patil S, Rathinam B, Kumar B, Chaware P, Wakode N, Wakode S, Gandhi K. A Cadaveric Study to Define the Variant Patterns of Median Nerve Formation. Cureus 2023; 15:e39806. [PMID: 37398784 PMCID: PMC10313528 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The median nerve is one of the important nerves of the upper limb which supplies the muscles of the front of the forearm, muscles of the hand, and skin of the hand. Many works of literature mentioned its formation by the fusion of two roots, the medial root from the medial cord and the lateral root from the lateral cord. But multiple variations in the median nerve formation have clinical importance from surgical and anesthetic points of view. For the study purpose, we dissected 68 axillae of 34 formalin-fixed cadavers. Out of 68 axillae, two (2.9%) showed median nerve formation by a single root, 19 (27.9%) showed median nerve formation by three roots, and three (4.4%) showed median nerve formation by four roots. A normal pattern of median nerve formation by fusion of two roots was seen in 44 (64.7%) axilla. The knowledge of variant patterns of median nerve formation will be helpful to surgeons and anesthetists while performing surgical or anesthetic procedures in the axilla to avoid any injury to the median nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Patil
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, IND
| | - Bertha Rathinam
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, IND
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, IND
| | | | - Naina Wakode
- Anatomy, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government Medical College, Vidisha, IND
| | - Santosh Wakode
- Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, Bhopal, IND
| | - Kusum Gandhi
- Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, IND
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Adebayo AK, Kumar B, Davis C, Angus SP, Nakshatri H. Abstract 4811: Oxygen tension - dependent differences in cancer cell kinome. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-4811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Current approaches to preclinical cancer research often fail to consider the impact of ambient oxygen (O2; ~21%) on cancer cells. This is also true for hypoxia studies that typically involves cancer cells previously grown in ambient O2 before subsequent transfer to hypoxia. However, the tumor microenvironment is characterized by significantly lower O2 levels. We have previously demonstrated the impact of ambient O2 on stem cell populations, signaling pathways and resistance to therapy. We developed an experimental approach that allows us to collect and process tumor tissues from transgenic mammary tumor mouse models and ovarian cancer patients under physioxia (3% O2), such that they are never exposed to ambient O2. In this study, our goal was to explore oxygen-dependent signaling pathway alterations and to determine how these pathways are influenced by targeted drugs in the context of physioxia or ambient air (AA). Our studies revealed increased basal phosphorylation levels of EGFR (Y1068) in the tumor cells in AA, relative to physioxia. However, downstream signaling effectors AKT and ERK showed higher phosphorylation levels under physioxia, compared to AA, suggesting that their activation is independent of EGFR signaling. These findings correlate with the decreased sensitivity of the tumor cells under physioxia to target drugs lapatinib and alpelisib. We then sought to examine basal and target drug induced kinome changes in tumor cells under physioxia and AA via Multiplexed Inhibitor Beads (MIBs) kinome assay. This assay revealed significant differences in the kinome of the tumor cells under physioxia compared to AA. Although direct comparison between vehicle and lapatinib treated cells in physioxia and ambient air showed very minimal changes, pairwise comparison between lapatinib treated physioxia cells and vehicle treated AA cells revealed an increase in the activity of PDGFRB in lapatinib treated physioxia cells. Similarly, a receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) array and western blotting showed increased basal and lapatinib induced phosphorylation of PDGFRB (Y751) under physioxia. Next, we determined the potential role of PDGFRB in downstream signaling pathway activation of AKT and ERK and resistance to lapatinib. We found that sunitinib, a multitarget RTK inhibitor with high affinity for PDGFR effectively decreased PGDFRB activity under physioxia, with a concurrent decrease in the phosphorylation of AKT. Moreover, tumor cells under physioxia were more sensitive to sunitinib treatment, relative to ambient air. Furthermore, a combination of lapatinib and sunitinib rendered tumor cells under physioxia more sensitive to treatment than with lapatinib alone. These findings suggest that ambient and physioxic oxygen tensions differentially impact cancer relevant signaling pathways. Therefore, it may be necessary to carry out preclinical cancer studies in the context of physiologically relevant oxygen tensions to aid translatability.
Citation Format: Adedeji K. Adebayo, Brijesh Kumar, Christopher Davis, Steven P. Angus, Harikrishna Nakshatri. Oxygen tension - dependent differences in cancer cell kinome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4811.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- 1Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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Wang R, Kumar B, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Khatpe AS, Murphy MP, Wanczyk KE, Doud EH, Mosley AL, Liu Y, Chen D, Simpson E, Gao H, Nakshatri H. Abstract 3666: A human skeletal muscle stem/myotube model reveals multiple signaling targets of cancer secretome in skeletal muscle. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-3666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Skeletal muscle dysfunction due to the effects of cancer secretome is observed in multiple cancer types and extreme dysfunction is manifested as cachexia. Major preclinical studies on cancer-associated muscle defects utilized mouse models or mouse C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line for in vitro studies. Because of species specificity of certain cytokines/chemokines in the secretome, a human model system is required to fully comprehend the effects of cancer secretome on skeletal muscle. Here, we report a simple method to establish skeletal muscle stem cell line (hMuSC), which can be differentiated into myotubes. Using single nuclei ATAC-seq (snATAC-seq) and RNA-seq (snRNA-seq), we document chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic changes associated with hMuSCs to myotube transition. Cancer cell line derived factors accelerated stem to myotube differentiation with accompanying changes including an increase in PAX7+/MyoD+ myogenic progenitor cells. Among the pathways activated by cancer-derived factors include inflammatory pathway involving CXCL8 (also called IL-8), glucocorticoid receptor (GR) pathway, and wound healing pathway. Furthermore, cancer-derived factors significantly altered splicing machinery in hMuSCs. Additionally, AKT and p53 pathways that function in metabolic/survival pathways of the skeletal muscle were adversely affected when hMuSCs were exposed to cancer cell-derived factors. Cancer-derived factors increased the expression levels of previously known cachexia-associated genes such as MT-2, ZIP14, and PDK4. Thus, the model system not only recapitulates results of previous mouse studies but also provides much needed human model system that can easily be adapted for large scale studies to explore the epigenomic changes during hMuSC differentiation and to screen for drugs that restore skeletal muscle function in various diseases.
Citation Format: Ruizhong Wang, Brijesh Kumar, Poornima Bhat-Nakshatri, Aditi Sanjay Khatpe, Michael P. Murphy, Kristen E. Wanczyk, Emma H. Doud, Amber L. Mosley, Yunlong Liu, Duojiao Chen, Ed Simpson, Hongyu Gao, Harikrishna Nakshatri. A human skeletal muscle stem/myotube model reveals multiple signaling targets of cancer secretome in skeletal muscle. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3666.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhong Wang
- 1Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- 1Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | | | - Michael P. Murphy
- 2Indiana University School of Medicine, VA Roudebush Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kristen E. Wanczyk
- 2Indiana University School of Medicine, VA Roudebush Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Emma H. Doud
- 1Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | | | - Yunlong Liu
- 1Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Duojiao Chen
- 1Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ed Simpson
- 1Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Hongyu Gao
- 1Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- 2Indiana University School of Medicine, VA Roudebush Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN
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Negi AS, Kumar B, Kumar A, Prachi, Singhal A, Ray AK, Chamkha AJ. The Transportation of Maxwell Fluid in the Rotating and Stretching System: Rotor-Stator Spinning Disc Reactor Applications. j nanofluids 2023. [DOI: 10.1166/jon.2023.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a mathematical model and obtained a numerical solution for the motion of a non-Newtonian Maxwell fluid between two disks having rotation and stretching velocity with convective boundary constraints, porous medium and thermal radiation. The present Maxwell fluid flow
model with specified boundary constraints is not discussed so far. The proposed model has a lot of applications in electrical power generation, nuclear energy plants, astrophysical flows, space vehicles, geothermal extractions, and spinning disc reactor. The Von Karman similarity approach
is used for the solution and validation of the solution is also provided. The solution is obtained numerically with finite difference method (FDM) based ND-solve command in Mathematica software. The effects of magnetic field, porous medium, radiation parameter, Deborah number, Prandtl number,
and Reynolds number on skin friction, heat transfer, flow and temperature fields are discussed in detail. Due to the significant void fraction in the medium, porosity parameter shows unique trend compared to other parameters for the radial velocity profile. It has tendency to enhance the radial
velocity near both the disc but in the middle part of system, porosity parameter retards radial velocity significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anup Singh Negi
- Department of Mathematics, Birla Campus HNB Garhwal Central University, Srinagar Garhwal-246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - B. Kumar
- School of Mathematics, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, 147004, Punjab, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Mathematics, Birla Campus HNB Garhwal Central University, Srinagar Garhwal-246174, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Prachi
- Department of Applied Sciences and Humanities, RIT, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Abhinav Singhal
- School of Sciences, Christ (Deemed to be University) Delhi-NCR, 201003, India
| | - A. K. Ray
- Engineering Mathematics and Computing, Madhav Institute of Technology and Science Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, 474005, India
| | - A. J. Chamkha
- Faculty of Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology Doha District, 35004, Kuwait
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31
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Shukla A, Kumar B. Retraction Note: A Study of Otorhinolaryngological Diseases with Ophthalmic Complications: At a Tertiary Care Center. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:1003. [PMID: 37206796 PMCID: PMC10188691 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-01849-2.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Shukla
- Department of ENT and Head–Neck Surgery, N.S.C.B. Medical College, Jabalpur, MP India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of ENT and Head–Neck Surgery, N.S.C.B. Medical College, Jabalpur, MP India
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32
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Sahu N, Singh N, Arya KR, Reddy SS, Rai AK, Shukla V, Pandey J, Narender T, Tamrakar AK, Kumar B, Rajak BK, Malik S, Rustagi S. Assessment of the dual role of Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude in inhibiting AGEs and enhancing GLUT4 translocation through LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS determination and in silico studies. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1073327. [PMID: 37050897 PMCID: PMC10083281 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1073327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that results in glucose accumulation in the blood, accompanied by the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) through glycation of cellular proteins. These AGEs interfere with insulin signaling and prevent GLUT4 membrane translocation, thereby promoting the accumulation of more glucose in the blood and causing post-diabetic complications.Methods: In this study, we examine the anti-diabetic potential of Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.) Drude, a well-known ethnomedicinal plant of the Indian Himalayas. Considering its various medicinal properties, we analyzed its ethanolic extract and various solvent fractions for in vitro antiglycation activity and antidiabetic potential, i.e., stimulation of GLUT4 translocation.Result and Discussions: The results showed that the extract and fractions exhibited increased antiglycation activity and an increased level of GLUT4 translocation. Analysis of a further 12 bioactive compounds of ethanolic extract, identified through LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS, revealed the presence of three new compounds: leucothol B, rhodoterpenoids A, and leucothol A. Moreover, we performed molecular docking of identified compounds against key proteins of diabetes mellitus: the sirtuin family of NAD (+)-dependent protein deacetylases 6 (SIRT6), aldose reductase (AR), and tyrosine kinase (TK). The results showed that flavonoid luteolin showed the best binding affinity ((−12.3 kcal/mol), followed by eriodictyol, astilbin, and syringaresinol. An ADMET study showed that luteolin, eriodictyol, astilbin, and syringaresinol may be promising drug candidates belonging to the flavonoid class of compounds, with no harmful effects and complying with all the drug-likeness guidelines. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on a 50 ns timescale revealed that AR protein was most stable with luteolin throughout the simulation period. Therefore, this study reveals for the first time that L. ovalifolia plays an important role in insulin homeostasis, as shown in in vitro and in silico studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sahu
- Department of Botany, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, India
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
- *Correspondence: Neha Sahu,
| | - Nitesh Singh
- Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture Sciences, SGT University, Gurugram, India
| | - Kamal Ram Arya
- Botany Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Sabbu Sathish Reddy
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Amit Kumar Rai
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Vijaya Shukla
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Jyotsana Pandey
- Biochemistry Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Tadigoppula Narender
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | | | - Brijesh Kumar
- Sophisticated Analytical Instrument Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, India
| | - Bikash Kumar Rajak
- Department of Bioinformatics, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, India
| | - Sumira Malik
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- Department of Food Technology, School of Applied and Life sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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Arkle T, Sivarajan S, Kulasegaran S, Penney N, Kumar B. Long-term patient-focussed outcomes remain under-evaluated in reviews of pyloric drainage procedures in oesophagectomy. Langenbecks Arch Surg 2023; 408:116. [PMID: 36881164 DOI: 10.1007/s00423-023-02847-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Arkle
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK.
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
| | - S Sivarajan
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - S Kulasegaran
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - N Penney
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
| | - B Kumar
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Colney Lane, Norwich, NR4 7UY, UK
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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Kumar B, Batic K, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Granatir M, Addison R, Szymanski M, Baldridge LA, Temm C, Sandusky G, Althouse S, Storniolo AM, Nakshatri H. Abstract P2-26-08: Influence of genetic ancestry on breast stromal cells provides biologic basis for increased incidence of metaplastic breast cancer in women of African descent. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs22-p2-26-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The biologic basis of genetic ancestry-dependent variability in disease incidence and outcome is just beginning to be explored. We recently reported enrichment of a population of ZEB1-expressing cells located adjacent to the ductal epithelial cells in the normal breast of women of African Ancestry (AA) compared to European Ancestry (EA). By establishing and characterizing cell lines corresponding to these cells and validating in vitro findings with tissue microarrays of healthy breast tissue from AA, EA and Latina Ancestry (LA) women, we demonstrate that these cells have the properties of fibroadipogenic/mesenchymal stromal cells that express PROCR and PDGFR. PROCR+/ZEB1+/PDGFR+ cells, hence renamed as PZP cells, are enriched in the normal breast tissues of AA compared to EA or LA women. In vitro, PZP cells trans-differentiated into adipocytes or osteocytes. In co-culture conditions, PZP:epithelial cell communication resulted in luminal epithelial cells acquiring basal/stem cell characteristics and increased expression of IL-6 suggesting the impact of this communication on the microenvironment and breast epithelial hierarchy. Consistent with this possibility, the level of phospho-STAT3, which is a downstream target of IL-6, was higher in the normal and cancerous breast tissues of AA compared to EA women. PZP cells transformed with HRasG12V ± SV40-T/t antigens generated metaplastic carcinoma in NSG mice suggesting that these cells could be the cell-of-origin of metaplastic breast cancers. Collectively, these results identify a stromal cell component that could influence the biology of breast cancer in AA women.
Citation Format: Brijesh Kumar, Katie Batic, Poornima Bhat-Nakshatri, Maggie Granatir, Rebekah Addison, Megan Szymanski, Lee Ann Baldridge, Constance Temm, George Sandusky, Sandra Althouse, Anna Maria Storniolo, Harikrishna Nakshatri. Influence of genetic ancestry on breast stromal cells provides biologic basis for increased incidence of metaplastic breast cancer in women of African descent [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-26-08.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Kumar
- 1Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Katie Batic
- 2Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Maggie Granatir
- 4Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Megan Szymanski
- 6Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Constance Temm
- 8Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - George Sandusky
- 9Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sandra Althouse
- 10Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Wang R, Kumar B, Bhat-Nakshatri P, Khatpe AS, Murphy MP, Wanczyk KE, Simpson E, Chen D, Gao H, Liu Y, Doud EH, Mosley AL, Nakshatri H. A human skeletal muscle stem/myotube model reveals multiple signaling targets of cancer secretome in skeletal muscle. iScience 2023; 26:106541. [PMID: 37102148 PMCID: PMC10123345 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle dysfunction or reprogramming due to the effects of the cancer secretome is observed in multiple malignancies. Although mouse models are routinely used to study skeletal muscle defects in cancer, because of species specificity of certain cytokines/chemokines in the secretome, a human model system is required. Here, we establish simplified multiple skeletal muscle stem cell lines (hMuSCs), which can be differentiated into myotubes. Using single nuclei ATAC-seq (snATAC-seq) and RNA-seq (snRNA-seq), we document chromatin accessibility and transcriptomic changes associated with the transition of hMuSCs to myotubes. Cancer secretome accelerated stem to myotube differentiation, altered the alternative splicing machinery and increased inflammatory, glucocorticoid receptor, and wound healing pathways in hMuSCs. Additionally, cancer secretome reduced metabolic and survival pathway associated miR-486, AKT, and p53 signaling in hMuSCs. hMuSCs underwent myotube differentiation when engrafted into NSG mice and thus providing a humanized in vivo skeletal muscle model system to study cancer cachexia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhong Wang
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | | | - Aditi S. Khatpe
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Michael P. Murphy
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- VA Roudebush Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kristen E. Wanczyk
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- VA Roudebush Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Edward Simpson
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Duojiao Chen
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Hongyu Gao
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Emma H. Doud
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Amber L. Mosley
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- VA Roudebush Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Corresponding author
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Naseem H, Lone MA, Kumar B, Ahmed N, Farooqui WA, Alsahhaf A, Alresayes S, Vohra F, Abduljabbar T. Evaluation of gingival displacement, bleeding and ease of application for polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and conventional retraction cord - a clinical trial. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:2222-2231. [PMID: 37013740 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202303_31756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conventional use of retraction cord in soft tissue management is effective only when the non-resilient nature of material does not jeopardize gingival health. Therefore this study aims to clinically evaluate the gingival displacement, ease of application and bleeding from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) retraction cord. PATIENTS AND METHODS This study is a single-center, parallel-group, randomized controlled clinical trial (1:1). Sixty patients indicated for full coverage metal-ceramic restoration for first molars were enrolled and randomly allocated to experimental (PTFE Cord) and control (conventional plain retraction cord) groups. After crown preparation and isolation, a pre-displacement impression was made. Assigned gingival displacement material was applied for 5 minutes, followed by post-displacement impression. Casts were prepared and used for assessment of mean horizontal gingival displacement by measuring displacement using a stereomicroscope (20 x). Post-displacement gingival bleeding and ease of application were also assessed clinically. t-test and Chi-square tests were used for statistical assessment of gingival displacement, gingival bleeding and ease of application. RESULTS Gingival displacement, bleeding and ease of application were similar among study groups (p > 0.05). Mean gingival displacement in the experimental group was 197.1 µm, and 167.7 µm in the control group. Bleeding was observed in 30% and 20% of cases of experimental and control group, respectively. Ease of application was 'difficult' in 53.3% and 43.3% of cases of experimental and control group, respectively. Non-impregnated gingival retraction cord and PTFE cord displayed similar outcomes of gingival displacement, ease of placement and bleeding after cord removal. CONCLUSIONS Post-displacement bleeding and discomfort for PTFE cord placement suggest that this technique needs improvement. Therefore further studies are warranted to improve and investigate the physical and biological response to PTFE retraction cord.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Naseem
- Department of Prosthodontics, Dow International Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan.
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Gandhi KR, Patil ST, Kumar B, Patel M, Chaware P. Study of frontal and ethmoid sinus of sinonasal complex along with olfactory fossa: anatomical considerations for endoscopic sinus surgery. Anat Cell Biol 2023:acb.22.230. [PMID: 36748370 DOI: 10.5115/acb.22.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Functional endoscopic sinus surgery through transnasal approach is a common modality of treatment for disorders of the nasal cavity, paranasal air sinuses as well as cranial cavity. The olfactory fossa (OF) is located along the superior aspect of cribriform plate which varies in shape and depth. This variable measurement of the depth of OF is mostly responsible for greater risk of intracranial infiltration during endoscopic procedures in and around the nasal cavity. The morphology of frontal and ethmoid sinus (ES) vary from simple to complex. This cadaveric study is planned to improve the ability of the otolaryngologist, radiologist to understand the possible morphological variations and plan steps of less invasive "precision surgery" to have a safe and complication free procedures. A total of 37 human head regions were included in the study. For classification of OF, Modified Kero's classification was used. The size, shape and cells of frontal and ES were noted. We found, type II (60.8%) OF was more common followed by type I (29.7%) than type III (9.5%). The shape of frontal sinus was comma shaped (55.4%) followed by oval (18.9%) than irregular (16.2%). Most common two cells type of ES was seen in 50.0% of both anterior and posterior ES. Out of 74 ES, 8.1% of Onodi cells and 14.9% of agger nasi cells were seen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kusum R Gandhi
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | | | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Manmohan Patel
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
| | - Prashant Chaware
- Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India
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Jain V, Kumar B, Jana M. Bone Mineral Content and Density in Healthy Term Indian Infants at the Age of 1 and 2 Years Assessed by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry. Indian J Pediatr 2023; 90:190-192. [PMID: 36539567 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-022-04412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
There is a paucity of data on the bone mineral status of infants, with no data from India. This study was undertaken to assess the bone mineral content (BMC) of the healthy term Indian infants at 1 and 2 y of age, and the influence of factors such as birth weight, gender, current size, and vitamin D levels on BMC. Anthropometry, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D levels, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) for the lumbar spine and whole-body BMC were performed at the ages of 1 and 2 y.Mean whole-body BMC was 214.1 ± 40.8 g at 1 y (n = 131) and 327.6 ± 87.4 g at 2 y (n = 73); lumbar spine BMC was 6.9 ± 1.8 g at 1 y and 10.2 ± 3.8 g at 2 y. The chief determinants of BMC were the weight and length/height of the infant, with no effect of vitamin D levels. The BMC of Indian infants at 1 y was similar to that reported previously for Caucasian infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Jain
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Jana
- Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Kumar B, Singh AK, Bahuguna RN, Pareek A, Singla‐Pareek SL. Orphan crops: A genetic treasure trove for hunting stress tolerance genes. Food Energy Secur 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fes3.436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brijesh Kumar
- Plant Stress Biology Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
| | - Anil Kumar Singh
- ICAR‐National Institute for Plant Biotechnology LBS Centre New Delhi India
| | - Rajeev Nayan Bahuguna
- Center for Advanced Studies on Climate Change Dr. Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University Bihar Pusa, Samastipur India
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Life Sciences Jawaharlal Nehru University New Delhi India
| | - Sneh L. Singla‐Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology Group International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
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Yadav SN, Kumar B, Yadav RK, Gupta SK, Singh P, Singh C, Singh AP. Lemon-juice derived highly efficient S-GQD/GO composite as a photocatalyst for regeneration of coenzyme under solar light. MGC 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-220049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The innovation of a highly efficient and inexpensive graphene oxide-based photocatalyst is a challenging task for selective solar chemical regeneration/coenzyme such as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH). Herein, we have designed lemon-juice derived highly efficient S-GQD/GO composite as a photocatalyst for regeneration of NADH under solar light. The rational design of a highly efficient photocatalytic system through the orientation of S-GQD on graphene oxide as solar light harvesting photocatalyst is explored for the first time for NADH regeneration. This highly solar light active S-GQD/GO composite photocatalyst upon integration with the NAD + is used for highly regioselective regeneration of coenzyme (76.36%). The present work provides the benchmark instances of graphene oxide-based material as a photocatalyst for selective regeneration of NADH under solar light and opens a new door for green synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shesh Nath Yadav
- Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, U.P., India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of Information Technology, Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, Delhi, India
| | - Rajesh K. Yadav
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, U.P., India
| | - Sarvesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Physics and Material Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur (U. P.), India
| | - Pooja Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, U.P., India
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Chandani Singh
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, U.P., India
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Atul P. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
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Arkle T, Lam S, Toogood G, Kumar B. How should we secure the cystic duct during laparoscopic cholecystectomy? A UK-wide survey of clinical practice and systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2022; 104:650-654. [PMID: 35196149 PMCID: PMC9685994 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is currently unknown which method of cystic duct closure is most effective at reducing the risk of bile leak after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The aims of this work were to determine the most common closure methods used in the UK and review available evidence on which method has the lowest risk of bile leak. METHODS We conducted an online survey through the Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons (AUGIS). We also undertook a systematic review using PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE and the Cochrane Library for studies that compared different methods for cystic duct occlusion and reported postoperative bile leak. FINDINGS There was significant variation in practice between consultant surgeons. For routine laparoscopic cholecystectomy metal clips were used most (64%) followed by locking polymer clips (33%) and suture ties (3%). In cases of a dilated cystic duct, preferences were locking polymer clips (60%), suture ties (30%) and metal clips (5%). We included six studies in our review with a total of 8,011 patients. Metal clips were associated with an increased odds of bile leak compared with locking polymer clips (OR 5.66, 95% CI 1.13-28.41, p=0.04) or suture ties (OR 4.17, 95% CI 0.72-24.31, p=0.12). Most studies were retrospective, unlikely to be adequately powered, and vulnerable to selection bias. CONCLUSIONS Limited available evidence suggests that metal clips have the highest risk of bile leak, but results are not strong enough to recommend a change in current clinical practice. A trial is now required to determine the best method of cystic duct closure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - G Toogood
- Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust, UK
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Sirohiya P, Raju Sagiraju H, Baruah M, Singh R, Elavarasi A, Vig S, Ratre B, Kumar B, Pandit A, Bhatnagar S. 428P Clinical characteristics, laboratory parameters, and hospital outcomes of COVID-19 among patients with and without cancer: A retrospective cohort study. Ann Oncol 2022. [PMCID: PMC9719678 DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.10.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Sirohiya
- Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - H.K. Raju Sagiraju
- Preventive Oncology, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - M. Baruah
- Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - R. Singh
- Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A. Elavarasi
- Neurology, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Vig
- Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - B.K. Ratre
- Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - B. Kumar
- Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - A. Pandit
- Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - S. Bhatnagar
- Onco-Anaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, AIIMS - All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Aminzadeh A, Arhatari BD, Maksimenko A, Hall CJ, Hausermann D, Peele AG, Fox J, Kumar B, Prodanovic Z, Dimmock M, Lockie D, Pavlov KM, Nesterets YI, Thompson D, Mayo SC, Paganin DM, Taba ST, Lewis S, Brennan PC, Quiney HM, Gureyev TE. Imaging Breast Microcalcifications Using Dark-Field Signal in Propagation-Based Phase-Contrast Tomography. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 2022; 41:2980-2990. [PMID: 35584078 DOI: 10.1109/tmi.2022.3175924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Breast microcalcifications are an important primary radiological indicator of breast cancer. However, microcalcification classification and diagnosis may be still challenging for radiologists due to limitations of the standard 2D mammography technique, including spatial and contrast resolution. In this study, we propose an approach to improve the detection of microcalcifications in propagation-based phase-contrast X-ray computed tomography of breast tissues. Five fresh mastectomies containing microcalcifications were scanned at different X-ray energies and radiation doses using synchrotron radiation. Both bright-field (i.e. conventional phase-retrieved images) and dark-field images were extracted from the same data sets using different image processing methods. A quantitative analysis was performed in terms of visibility and contrast-to-noise ratio of microcalcifications. The results show that while the signal-to-noise and the contrast-to-noise ratios are lower, the visibility of the microcalcifications is more than two times higher in the dark-field images compared to the bright-field images. Dark-field images have also provided more accurate information about the size and shape of the microcalcifications.
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Ojha SK, Kumar B. Erratum to: Analysis of electrical characteristics and electroluminescent efficiency of field induced contact-DGOLET. MGC 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-220953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Shukla A, Kumar B. A Study of Otorhinolaryngological Diseases with Ophthalmic Complications: At a Tertiary Care Center. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2022; 74:1820-1825. [PMID: 36452530 PMCID: PMC9702250 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-020-01849-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The eyeball and the orbit are neighbours of the ENT region. This close proximity, makes the involvement of the orbit and there of ophthalmological manifestations fairly common in the practise of Otorhinolaryngology. This was a prospective study. All the patients presenting with ophthalmological manifestations due to various ear, nose, throat and head-neck pathologies were constituted in this study. This study was carried out on 50 patients of all age groups with ophthalmological complications along with ENT diseases who came to the department of ENT and head-neck surgery and department of Ophthalmology of N.S.C.B. Government Medical College, Jabalpur from August 2018 to August 2019. The diseases of ENT with orbital extension must be considered whenever a patient presents with signs and symptoms of orbital disease such as proptosis, orbital mass, restriction of eye movements, neurological dysfunction of eye, chemosis, vision disturbances or epiphora. A firmer knowledge of orbital anatomy with respect to sinonasal region is required for any surgeon dealing with this important area, for a safer and more secure management in this complex region. Surgery remains the main stay of treatment for sinonasal diseases with orbital complications. Rapid diagnosis and treatment are of utmost importance in preserving vision and life in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirudh Shukla
- Department of ENT and Head–Neck Surgery, N.S.C.B. Medical College, Jabalpur, MP India
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Department of ENT and Head–Neck Surgery, N.S.C.B. Medical College, Jabalpur, MP India
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Wang R, Kumar B, Doud EH, Mosley AL, Alexander MS, Kunkel LM, Nakshatri H. Skeletal muscle-specific overexpression of miR-486 limits mammary tumor-induced skeletal muscle functional limitations. Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids 2022; 29:614-616. [PMID: 36090754 PMCID: PMC9418750 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2022.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Jain V, Kumar B, Devi S, Jain A, Jana M, Kurpad AV. Body composition from birth to 2 years in term healthy Indian infants measured by deuterium dilution: Effect of being born small for gestational age and early catch-up growth. Eur J Clin Nutr 2022; 76:1165-1171. [PMID: 35173289 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-022-01071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES South Asian body composition is characterized by higher body fat at any given BMI. While this does not occur during fetal growth, it is important to understand if inappropriate fat accretion then begins in the first 2 years in Indian infants. METHODS The fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) of healthy term newborns was evaluated at 12 days, 3.5 months, 1 year, and 2 years, by deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution. The effect of being born small versus appropriate for gestational age (SGA vs. AGA), and accelerated early growth pattern on FM and FFM accretion was also investigated. RESULTS Newborns (262 total, 150 males) with mean birth weight of 2863 ± 418 g were enrolled. FM percentage (FM%) assessed by D2O in 144, 166, 81, and 115 infants at 12 days, 3.5 months, 1 year, and 2 years respectively, was11.6 ± 6.8, 21.1 ± 7.0, 17.9 ± 8.2 and 22.4 ± 9.5%. Boys had higher FFM at all ages, but FM% was similar in both sexes. Children born SGA had similar FM index (FMI) but a lower FFM index (FFMI) at 2 years compared with those born AGA. Infants with catch-up growth between 0 and 2 years had higher FMI at 2 years compared to those without. Infants in the present study had a lower FM% and FMI till 1 year of age in comparison to previous studies from other countries, but had an increase in adiposity between 1 and 2 years, whereas in previous studies FM% remained stable or declined between 1 and 2 years of age. CONCLUSION There was an upward inflection in the curve of FM% and FMI between 1 and 2 years of age in the present study, which may represent an early adiposity rebound. Further longitudinal body composition data for Indian infants as well as those of other ethnicities but with low birth weight will clarify whether early accelerated growth pattern contributes to greater accrual of fat rather than lean mass during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vandana Jain
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Brijesh Kumar
- Division of Paediatric Endocrinology, Department of Paediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarita Devi
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India
| | - Avnika Jain
- MBBS student, Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Jana
- Department of Radiodiagnosis and Intervention Radiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anura V Kurpad
- Department of Physiology and Nutrition, St. John's Medical College, Bengaluru, India.
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Lam S, Kumar B, Dhatariya K. Screening for diabetes peri-operatively: a reply. Anaesthesia 2022; 77:1180. [PMID: 35864723 DOI: 10.1111/anae.15805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Lam
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - B Kumar
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - K Dhatariya
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
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Lokavya A, Kumar B, Kumar P, Lyngdoh E, Kohli K, - H, - G, - J, - A, Bhat MA, Kumar H. A rare occurrence of twin mummification in Murrah buffalo: Case report. Buffalo Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.56825/bufbu.2022.4124510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Twin mummified fetus is a rare phenomenon diagnosed in the buffalo presented to RVP, IVRI for pregnancy confirmation with the history of six-month gestation, free from any abdominal enlargement as per gestational age. Per rectal examination revealed tumor like hard mass while ultrasonographic picture disclosed hyperechoic fetal skeleton around hypoechoic or anechoic structures in uterus with the active CL on the right ovary. Erstwhile placentomes, foetal fluids and foetal heartbeat was absent. Cervical dilation was achieved through combination of drugs, hot fomentation and manual massage of cervix and fetuses were pulled out after 30 h of induction.
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Chou W, Lam S, Kumar B. 'Clinical frailty is a risk factor of adverse outcomes in patients with esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy: analysis of 2011-2017 US hospitals'. Dis Esophagus 2022; 35:6547571. [PMID: 35279719 DOI: 10.1093/dote/doac013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Chou
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - S Lam
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Department of Oesophagogastric Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
| | - B Kumar
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
- Department of Oesophagogastric Surgery, Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital NHS Trust, Norwich, UK
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