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Gackowski M, Przybylska A, Kruszewski S, Koba M, Mądra-Gackowska K, Bogacz A. Recent Applications of Capillary Electrophoresis in the Determination of Active Compounds in Medicinal Plants and Pharmaceutical Formulations. Molecules 2021; 26:4141. [PMID: 34299418 PMCID: PMC8307982 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The present review summarizes scientific reports from between 2010 and 2019 on the use of capillary electrophoresis to quantify active constituents (i.e., phenolic compounds, coumarins, protoberberines, curcuminoids, iridoid glycosides, alkaloids, triterpene acids) in medicinal plants and herbal formulations. The present literature review is founded on PRISMA guidelines and selection criteria were formulated on the basis of PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, Study type). The scrutiny reveals capillary electrophoresis with ultraviolet detection as the most frequently used capillary electromigration technique for the selective separation and quantification of bioactive compounds. For the purpose of improvement of resolution and sensitivity, other detection methods are used (including mass spectrometry), modifiers to the background electrolyte are introduced and different extraction as well as pre-concentration techniques are employed. In conclusion, capillary electrophoresis is a powerful tool and for given applications it is comparable to high performance liquid chromatography. Short time of execution, high efficiency, versatility in separation modes and low consumption of solvents and sample make capillary electrophoresis an attractive and eco-friendly alternative to more expensive methods for the quality control of drugs or raw plant material without any relevant decrease in sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Gackowski
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, A. Jurasza 2 Street, PL–85089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Anna Przybylska
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, A. Jurasza 2 Street, PL–85089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Stefan Kruszewski
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Jagiellońska 13 Street, PL–85067 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Marcin Koba
- Department of Toxicology and Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, A. Jurasza 2 Street, PL–85089 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (A.P.); (M.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Mądra-Gackowska
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Skłodowskiej Curie 9 Street, PL–85094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Artur Bogacz
- Department of Otolaryngology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Skłodowskiej Curie 9 Street, PL–85094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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Wang Y, Jiang K, Wang L, Han D, Yin G, Wang J, Qin B, Li S, Wang T. Identification of Salvia species using high-performance liquid chromatography combined with chemical pattern recognition analysis. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:609-617. [PMID: 29105962 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza, also known as Danshen, is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and hematological abnormalities. The root and rhizome of Salvia przewalskii and Salvia yunnanensis have been found as substitutes for Salvia miltiorrhiza in the market. In this study, the chemical information of 14 major compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza and its substitutes were determined using a high-performance liquid chromatography method. Stepwise discriminant analysis was adopted to select the characteristic variables. Partial least squares discriminant and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed to classify Salvia miltiorrhiza and its substitutes. The results showed that all of the samples were correctly classified both in partial least squares discriminant analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis based on the four compounds (caffeic acid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid B, and salvianolic acid A). This method can not only distinguish Salvia miltiorrhiza and its substitutes, but also classify Salvia przewalskii and Salvia yunnanensis. The method can be applied for the quality assessment of Salvia miltiorrhiza and identification of unknown samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kun Jiang
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lijun Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen, China
- School of pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dongqi Han
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guo Yin
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jue Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Qin
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Tiejie Wang
- Shenzhen Institute for Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Standard Research, Shenzhen, China
- School of pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Liu Y, Sun G, Zhong Z, Ji L, Zhang Y, Zhou J, Zheng X, Deng K. Overexpression of AtEDT1 promotes root elongation and affects medicinal secondary metabolite biosynthesis in roots of transgenic Salvia miltiorrhiza. PROTOPLASMA 2017; 254:1617-1625. [PMID: 27915455 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-016-1045-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal secondary metabolites (salvianolic acids and tanshinones) are valuable natural bioactive compounds in Salvia miltiorrhiza and have widespread applications. Improvement of medicinal secondary metabolite accumulation through biotechnology is necessary and urgent to satisfy their increasing demand. Herein, it was demonstrated that the overexpression of the transcription factor Arabidopsis thaliana-enhanced drought tolerance 1 (AtEDT1) could affect medicinal secondary metabolite accumulation. In this study, we observed that the transgenic lines significantly conferred drought tolerance phenotype. Meanwhile, we found that the overexpression of AtEDT1 promoted root elongation in S. miltiorrhiza. Interestingly, we also found that the overexpression of AtEDT1 determined the accumulation of salvianolic acids, such as rosmarinic acid, lithospermic acid, salvianolic acid B, and total salvianolic acids due to the induction of the expression levels of salvianolic acid biosynthetic genes. Conversely, S. miltiorrhiza plants overexpressing the AtEDT1 transgene showed a decrease in tanshinone synthesis. Our results demonstrated that the overexpression of AtEDT1 significantly increased the accumulation of salvianolic acids in S. miltiorrhiza. Further studies are required to better elucidate the functional role of AtEDT1 in the regulation of phytochemical compound synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Geng Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Zhaohui Zhong
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Linyi Ji
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China
| | - Xuelian Zheng
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
| | - Kejun Deng
- School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
- Center for Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610054, China.
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Cao J, Wei J, Xiang C, Zhang M, Li B, Wan J, Su H, Li P. Separation and Determination of Four Tanshinones in Danshen and Related Medicinal Plants by Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography Using Ionic Liquids as Modifier. J Chromatogr Sci 2016; 54:1435-44. [DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmw059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Cao JL, Wei JC, Hu YJ, He CW, Chen MW, Wan JB, Li P. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of phenolic and diterpenoid constituents in Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) by comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid linear ion trap Orbitrap mass. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1427:79-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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