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Premkumar T, Sajitha Lulu S. Targeting key players in Alzheimer's disease: bioactive compounds from Moringa oleifera, Desmodium gangeticum, and Centella asiatica as potential therapeutics. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-23. [PMID: 38887054 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2335300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is one of the critical reasons for dementia around the world, with a huge number of cases being reported every year. The breakdown of Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) plays a crucial role in AD development. The Beta-site APP Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) is a highly significant proteolytic enzyme found to be critically involved in the APP breakdown process and generates beta-amyloid plaques in the extracellular neuronal membrane. In this study, we have used natural compounds with cognitive and neuroprotective activities from three plants, Centella asiatica, Moringa oleifera, and Desmodium gangeticum to inhibit the activity of BACE1. We have identified nine compounds out of 73 compounds filtered out from the three plants showing high affinity with the catalytic dyad region of BACE1 through molecular docking studies. Interestingly, the 200 ns molecular dynamics simulation study further confirmed the stability of the complexes formed between 9 compounds and the BACE1 protein. Furthermore, the free energy calculations also revealed these complexes possess favorable energies. Astilbin, Delphinidin 3-glucoside, and kaempferol 7-O-glucoside showed good binding affinity and structural stability when compared to other compounds and the control CNP520. Following a preliminary screening, the Astilbin compound was chosen based on the grounds of binding affinity, ADMET Properties, Hbond formation, Molecular Dynamic simulation, and MM-PBSA studies. A subsequent 1microsecond molecular dynamics simulation was conducted for the Astilbin complex. Through microsecond simulation, it was found that Astilbin alters BACE1's behavior and induces conformational rearrangements. Thus, this study opens a gateway to inhibit the activity of BACE1 protein through Astilbin thereby disclosing the possibility of managing Alzheimer's Disease.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Premkumar
- Integrative Multiomics Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - S Sajitha Lulu
- Integrative Multiomics Laboratory, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Narayanan AP, Jayan J, Sudevan ST, Dhyani A, Zachariah SM, Mathew B. Flavonoid and Chalcone Scaffolds as Inhibitors of BACE1: Recent Updates. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2024; 27:1243-1256. [PMID: 37519205 DOI: 10.2174/1386207326666230731092409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids and chalcones are two major classes of chemical moieties that have a vast background of pharmacological activities. Chalcone is a subclass of flavonoids whose therapeutic potential has been implicated due to an array of bioactivities. A lot of research works have shown interest in investigating the neuroprotective effect of these molecules, and have revealed them to be much more potent molecules that can be used to treat neurodegenerative disorders. Beta-site APP cleaving enzyme (BACE1), which is majorly found in the brain, is one of the reasons behind the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Flavonoids and chalcones have proven clinical data that they inhibit the production of Aβ plaques that are involved in the progression of AD. In this article, we have provided a detailed chronological review of the research work on the BACE1 inhibiting potency of both flavonoids and chalcones. Almost all the flavonoids and chalcones mentioned in this article have shown very good in vitro and in vivo BACE1 inhibiting activity. The docking studies and the structural importance of some BACE1-inhibiting flavonoids, as well as chalcones, are also mentioned here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anishma Payyappilliparambil Narayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala-682041, India
| | - Jayalakshmi Jayan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala-682041, India
| | - Sachithra Thazhathuveedu Sudevan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala-682041, India
| | - Archana Dhyani
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Subin Mary Zachariah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala-682041, India
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Amrita School of Pharmacy, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, AIMS Health Sciences Campus, Kochi, Kerala-682041, India
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Kaur G, Goyal B. Deciphering the Molecular Mechanism of Inhibition of β‐Secretase (BACE1) Activity by a 2‐Amino‐imidazol‐4‐one Derivative. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gurmeet Kaur
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology Patiala 147004 Punjab India
| | - Bhupesh Goyal
- School of Chemistry & Biochemistry Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology Patiala 147004 Punjab India
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Ethnomedicinal Plants with Protective Effects against Beta-Amyloid Peptide (Aβ)1-42 Indicate Therapeutic Potential in a New In Vivo Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11101865. [PMID: 36290588 PMCID: PMC9598277 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11101865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with unmet medical need. This investigation consisted of testing a range of ethanolic ethnomedicinal plant extracts (n = 18) traditionally used in the treatment of disorders such as anxiety, delirium, and memory loss. They were then screened for in vitro inhibitory activity against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butylcholinesterase (BuChE), beta-secretase 1/beta-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), and antioxidant activities. Plants with potent activities were further characterised using a recently developed in vivo model of AD, Globodera pallida. The ability of phytoextracts to protect this organism against amyloid-beta Aβ (1-42) exposure was assessed by measuring chemosensing, survival rate, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and antioxidant responses. Extracts (n = 5) from Juglans regia (leaves), Ellettaria cardamomum (seeds), Cinnamomum zeylanicum (bark), Salvia officinalis (leaves/flowers), and Hypericum perforatum (flowers) exerted concentration-dependent inhibitory activities against AChE and BuChE. Three of these plant extracts (i.e., J. regia, E. cardamomum, and S. officinalis) possessed strong concentration-dependent inhibitory activity against BACE1. Furthermore, the five selected medicinal plant extracts not only enhanced significantly (p < 0.05) the nematode’s chemosensing, survival rate, and antioxidant responses (i.e., anti-ROS production, mitochondrial reductase activity, oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) ratio), but also greatly restored (p < 0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner the Aβ (1-42)-induced deleterious changes in these same parameters. In brief, this investigation highlights plant extracts with strong anti-AD activities which could be trialled as novel therapeutic supplements or undergo further biodiscovery research.
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Patel S, Bansoad AV, Singh R, Khatik GL. BACE1: A Key Regulator in Alzheimer's Disease Progression and Current Development of its Inhibitors. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:1174-1193. [PMID: 34852746 PMCID: PMC9886827 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x19666211201094031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with no specific disease-modifying treatment. β-secretase (BACE1) is considered the potential and rationale target because it is involved in the rate-limiting step, which produces toxic Aβ42 peptides that leads to deposits in the form of amyloid plaques extracellularly, resulting in AD. OBJECTIVE This study aims to discuss the role and implications of BACE1 and its inhibitors in the management of AD. METHODS We have searched and collected the relevant quality work from PubMed using the following keywords "BACE1", BACE2", "inhibitors", and "Alzheimer's disease". In addition, we included the work which discusses the role of BACE1 in AD and the recent work on its inhibitors. RESULTS In this review, we have discussed the importance of BACE1 in regulating AD progression and the current development of BACE1 inhibitors. However, the development of a BACE1 inhibitor is very challenging due to the large active site of BACE1. Nevertheless, some of the BACE1 inhibitors have managed to enter advanced phases of clinical trials, such as MK-8931 (Verubecestat), E2609 (Elenbecestat), AZD3293 (Lanabecestat), and JNJ-54861911 (Atabecestat). This review also sheds light on the prospect of BACE1 inhibitors as the most effective therapeutic approach in delaying or preventing AD progression. CONCLUSION BACE1 is involved in the progression of AD. The current ongoing or failed clinical trials may help understand the role of BACE1 inhibition in regulating the Aβ load and cognitive status of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ankush Vardhaman Bansoad
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), 226002, India
| | - Rakesh Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow (Uttar Pradesh), 226002, India
| | - Gopal L. Khatik
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, ,Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research- Raebareli, New Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Sarojini Nagar, Near CRPF Base Camp, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India, 226002; E-mail: ,
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Otani T, Hattori Y, Akaji K, Kobayashi K. Macrocyclic BACE1 inhibitors with hydrophobic cross-linked structures: Optimization of ring size and ring structure. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 52:116517. [PMID: 34800875 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Based on the X-ray crystallography of recombinant BACE1 and a hydroxyethylamine-type peptidic inhibitor, we introduced a cross-linked structure between the P1 and P3 side chains of the inhibitor to enhance its inhibitory activity. The P1 and P3 fragments bearing terminal alkenes were synthesized, and a ring-closing metathesis of these alkenes was used to construct the cross-linked structure. Evaluation of ring size using P1 and P3 fragments with various side chain lengths revealed that 13-membered rings were optimal, although their activity was reduced compared to that of the parent compound. Furthermore, the optimal ring structure was found to be a macrocycle with a dimethyl branched substituent at the P3 β-position, which was approximately 100-fold more active than the non-substituted macrocycle. In addition, the introduction of a 4-carboxymethylphenyl group at the P1' position further improved the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Otani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yasunao Hattori
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Kenichi Akaji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kobayashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan.
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Kobayashi K, Otani T, Ijiri S, Kawasaki Y, Matsubara H, Miyagi T, Kitajima T, Iseki R, Ishizawa K, Shindo N, Okawa K, Ueda K, Ando S, Kawakita M, Hattori Y, Akaji K. Structure-activity relationship study of hydroxyethylamine isostere and P1' site structure of peptide mimetic BACE1 inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 50:116459. [PMID: 34700240 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An aromatic substituent has been introduced into a known hydroxyethylamine (HEA)-type BACE1 inhibitor containing the superior substrate sequence to enhance inhibitory activity. The HEA-type isosteres bearing different hydroxyl group and methyl group configurations were prepared through a branched synthesis approach using intra- and inter-molecular epoxide opening reactions. The effect of their configuration was evaluated, showing that an R-configuration improved the inhibitory activity, while introduction of a methyl group on the isostere decreased the activity. Based on the non-substituted isostere with an R-configuration, 21 derivatives containing various substituents at the P1' site were synthesized. Our evaluation of the derivatives showed that the structure of the P1' site had a clear effect on activity, and highly potent inhibitor 40g, which showed sub-micromolar activity against recombinant BACE1 (rBACE1), was identified. The docking simulation of 40g with rBACE1 suggested that a carboxymethyl group at the para-position of the P1' benzene ring interacted with Lys285 in the S1' pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Kobayashi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan.
| | - Takuya Otani
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Saki Ijiri
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawasaki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsubara
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Takahiro Miyagi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Taishi Kitajima
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Risa Iseki
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Katsuyasu Ishizawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Naoka Shindo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Kouta Okawa
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Kouta Ueda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Syun Ando
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Momoka Kawakita
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Yasunao Hattori
- Center for Instrumental Analysis, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
| | - Kenichi Akaji
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Yamashina-ku, Kyoto 607-8412, Japan
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Prediction of Drug Potencies of BACE1 Inhibitors: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation and MM_GB(PB)SA Scoring. COMPUTATION 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/computation8040106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder. One of the important therapeutic approaches of AD is the inhibition of β-site APP cleaving enzyme-1 (BACE1). This enzyme plays a central role in the synthesis of the pathogenic β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) in Alzheimer’s disease. A group of potent BACE1 inhibitors with known X-ray structures (PDB ID 5i3X, 5i3Y, 5iE1, 5i3V, 5i3W, 4LC7, 3TPP) were studied by molecular dynamics simulation and binding energy calculation employing MM_GB(PB)SA. The calculated binding energies gave Kd values of 0.139 µM, 1.39 nM, 4.39 mM, 24.3 nM, 1.39 mM, 29.13 mM, and 193.07 nM, respectively. These inhibitors showed potent inhibitory activities in enzymatic and cell assays. The Kd values are compared with experimental values and the structures are discussed in view of the energy contributions to binding. Drug likeness of these inhibitors is also discussed. Accommodation of ligands in the catalytic site of BACE1 is discussed depending on the type of fragment involved in each structure. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and energy studies were used to explore the recognition of the selected BACE1 inhibitors by Asp32, Asp228, and the hydrophobic flap. The results show that selective BACE1 inhibition may be due to the formation of strong electrostatic interactions with Asp32 and Asp228 and a large number of hydrogen bonds, in addition to π–π and van der Waals interactions with the amino acid residues located inside the catalytic cavity. Interactions with the ligands show a similar binding mode with BACE1. These results help to rationalize the design of selective BACE1 inhibitors.
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Coimbra JRM, Baptista SJ, Dinis TCP, Silva MMC, Moreira PI, Santos AE, Salvador JAR. Combining Virtual Screening Protocol and In Vitro Evaluation towards the Discovery of BACE1 Inhibitors. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10040535. [PMID: 32244832 PMCID: PMC7226079 DOI: 10.3390/biom10040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The treatment options for a patient diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are currently limited. The cerebral accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) is a critical molecular event in the pathogenesis of AD. When the amyloidogenic β-secretase (BACE1) is inhibited, the production of Aβ peptide is reduced. Henceforth, the main goal of this study is the discovery of new small bioactive molecules that potentially reach the brain and inhibit BACE1. The work was conducted by a customized molecular modelling protocol, including pharmacophore-based and molecular docking-based virtual screening (VS). Structure-based (SB) and ligand-based (LB) pharmacophore models were designed to accurately screen several drug-like compound databases. The retrieved hits were subjected to molecular docking and in silico filtered to predict their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Additionally, 34 high-scoring compounds structurally distinct from known BACE1 inhibitors were selected for in vitro screening assay, which resulted in 13 novel hit-compounds for this relevant therapeutic target. This study disclosed new BACE1 inhibitors, proving the utility of combining computational and in vitro approaches for effectively predicting anti-BACE1 agents in the early drug discovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judite R. M. Coimbra
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.M.C.); (M.M.C.S.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.J.B.); (T.C.P.D.); (P.I.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Salete J. Baptista
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.J.B.); (T.C.P.D.); (P.I.M.); (A.E.S.)
- Chem4Pharma, Edifício IPN Incubadora, 3030-199 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa C. P. Dinis
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.J.B.); (T.C.P.D.); (P.I.M.); (A.E.S.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria M. C. Silva
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.M.C.); (M.M.C.S.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.J.B.); (T.C.P.D.); (P.I.M.); (A.E.S.)
| | - Paula I. Moreira
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.J.B.); (T.C.P.D.); (P.I.M.); (A.E.S.)
- Laboratory of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Armanda E. Santos
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.J.B.); (T.C.P.D.); (P.I.M.); (A.E.S.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Jorge A. R. Salvador
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.R.M.C.); (M.M.C.S.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.J.B.); (T.C.P.D.); (P.I.M.); (A.E.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-488-479
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Quetiapine prevents Aβ25-35-induced cell death in cultured neuron by enhancing brain-derived neurotrophic factor release from astrocyte. Neuroreport 2018; 29:92-98. [PMID: 29120942 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000000911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
β-Amyloid (Aβ)-induced neuronal toxicity is an early event in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Quetiapine (QTP) is an atypical antipsychotic drug that has neuroprotectant properties, but little is known about its direct protective effects on neurons against the Aβ-induced cell toxicity. In the present study, we investigated the neuroprotective effects of QTP on Aβ25-35-induced cell death and the possible underlying mechanisms in primary cultures of neurons. Exposure of cortical neurons to 10 μM or more Aβ25-35 caused significant viability loss in a MTT assay, and the toxic effects were not significantly prevented by the simultaneous coadministration of QTP. However, pretreated astrocyte conditioned medium (ACM) with QTP (ACMQTP) for 24 h markedly protected the neurons against the amyloid-induced cell loss. Furthermore, we revealed that QTP increased both the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor from cultured astrocytes and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase after 24 h of treatment, which might be responsible for its protective effects on neurons. Consistent with the aforementioned findings, the protective effects of ACM on neurons could potentially be abolished by the extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B receptor blocker. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that QTP exerted its neuroprotective effects against amyloid toxicity by enhancing the brain-derived neurotrophic factor release from astrocytes.
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Li Z, Liu XC, Li R, Chang J. Reduction of Aβ Generation by Schisandrin B through Restraining Beta-Secretase 1 Transcription and Translation. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:1219-1224. [PMID: 29487280 PMCID: PMC5841190 DOI: 10.12659/msm.905127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beta-secretase 1 (BACE1) is a rate-limiting enzyme in the generation of amyloid beta peptides, which are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). It has been reported that Schisandrin B could improve cognitive functions in animal models of AD, but the underlying mechanisms are not completely understood. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this research, in order to investigate the effects of Schisandrin B on amyloid-β (Aβ) metabolism and its mechanisms, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its proteolytic products were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, and RT-PCR after incubation of N2a/Swe cells with Schisandrin B. RESULTS The results indicated that Schisandrin B can significantly reduce the level of secretion of Aβ40 and Aβ42 secreted in N2a/Swe cells. Additionally, there was nonsignificant change in APP level after Schisandrin B treatment. Treatment of Schisandrin B dramatically reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of BACE1. Moreover, Schisandrin B treatment resulted in a reduction of protein level of sAPPβ, an APP fragment cleavage by BACE1. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that Schisandrin B inhibits the transcription and translation of BACE1, suppresses the activity of BACE1, and ultimately attenuates Aβ generation, which provides a novel mechanism for the regulation of Aβ metabolism by Schisandrin B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Key Laboratory of Bioactivity of Natural Products, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-chang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhuhai Hospital of Guangdong General Hospital, Zhuhai, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui Academy of Medical Sciences, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Jun Chang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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Li JM, Huang LL, Liu F, Tang BS, Yan XX. Can brain impermeable BACE1 inhibitors serve as anti-CAA medicine? BMC Neurol 2017; 17:163. [PMID: 28841840 PMCID: PMC5574137 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-017-0942-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is characterized by the deposition of ß-amyloid peptides (Aß) in and surrounding the wall of microvasculature in the central nervous system, together with parenchymal amyloid plaques collectively referred to as cerebral amyloidosis, which occurs in the brain commonly among the elderly and more frequently in patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). CAA is associated with vascular injury and may cause devastating neurological outcomes. No therapeutic approach is available for this lesion to date. Main body ß-Secretase 1 (BACE1) is the enzyme initiating Aß production. Brain permeable BACE1 inhibitors targeting primarily at the parenchymal plaque pathology are currently evaluated in clinical trials. This article presents findings in support of a role of BACE1 elevation in the development of CAA, in addition to plaque pathogenesis. The rationale, feasibility, benefit and strategic issues for developing BACE1 inhibitors against CAA are discussed. Brain impermeable compounds are considered preferable as they might exhibit sufficient anti-CAA efficacy without causing significant neuronal/synaptic side effects. Conclusion Early pharmacological intervention to the pathogenesis of CAA is expected to provide significant protection for cerebral vascular health and hence brain health. Brain impermeable BACE1 inhibitors should be optimized and tested as potential anti-CAA therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Ming Li
- Department of Neurology & Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China.,Neuroscience Research Center, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, 410219, China
| | - Li-Ling Huang
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China
| | - Bei-Sha Tang
- Department of Neurology & Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China
| | - Xiao-Xin Yan
- Department of Neurology & Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, China. .,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Central South University School of Basic Medical Science, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, China.
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Zhang W, Ready JM. Total synthesis of the dictyodendrins as an arena to highlight emerging synthetic technologies. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:1010-1034. [DOI: 10.1039/c7np00018a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The dictyodendrins are a family of alkaloids isolated from marine sponges, Dictyodendrilla verongiformis and Ianthella sp., which possess a highly substituted pyrrolo[2,3-c]carbazole core at the phenol or quinone oxidation states. This review discusses the many diverse approaches used to synthesize these complex natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhan Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
- Dallas
- USA
| | - Joseph M. Ready
- Department of Biochemistry
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
- Dallas
- USA
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