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Kim N, Kim SY, Kim SW, Lee JM, Kim SK, Park MH, Kim KH, Oh M, Son CG, Jung IC, Lee EJ. Efficacy of Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton var. frutescens extract on mild knee joint pain: A randomized controlled trial. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1114410. [PMID: 36998613 PMCID: PMC10043449 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1114410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of PE extracts developed for the purpose of relieving pain and improving knee joint function on semi-healthy people with mild knee joint pain.Methods: A randomized, double-blind, two-arm, single-center, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. Individuals with knee joint pain and a visual analogue scale (VAS) score < 50 mm were included in the study, and participants with radiological arthritis were excluded. Participants were administered either PFE or a placebo capsule (700 mg, twice a day) orally for eight weeks. The comparisons of the changed VAS score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis (WOMAC) scores between the PFE and placebo groups were primary outcomes, while the five inflammation-related laboratory tests including cartilage oligomeric matrix protein, cyclooxygenase-2, neutrophil and lymphocyte ratio, high sensitive C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were secondary outcomes. Also, a safety assessment was done.Results: Eighty participants (mean age, 38.4 ± 14.0, male: female, 28:52) were enrolled; 75 completed the trial (PFE 36 and placebo 39). After eight weeks, both VAS and WOMAC scores were reduced in the PFE and placebo groups. The changed scores were significantly higher in the PFE group compared to the placebo group: 19.6 ± 10.9 vs. 6.8 ± 10.5; VAS scores (p < 0.001), and 20.5 ± 14.7 vs. 9.3 ± 16.5; total WOMAC scores (p < 0.01) including the sub-scores for pain, stiffness, and functions. No significant changes were reported in the five inflammation-related laboratory parameters. All adverse events were considered minor and unlikely to result from the intervention.Conclusion: Eight weeks of PFE intake was more effective than placebo in reducing knee joint pain and improving knee joint function in sub-healthy people with mild knee joint pain, and there were no major safety concerns.Clinical Trial Registration:https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do?search_lang=E&focus=reset_12&search_page=M&pageSize=10&page=undefined&seq=23101&status=5&seq_group=19745, identifier CRIS: KCT0007219
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Affiliation(s)
- NamHoon Kim
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Si-Yeon Kim
- Clinical Trial Center, Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital of Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Min Lee
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Ki-Hwan Kim
- SFC Bio Co., Ltd, Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Minseok Oh
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Gue Son
- Institute of Bioscience and Integrative Medicine, Department of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In Chul Jung
- Department of Oriental Neuropsychiatry, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: In Chul Jung, ; Eun-Jung Lee,
| | - Eun-Jung Lee
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Daejeon University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- *Correspondence: In Chul Jung, ; Eun-Jung Lee,
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Choi H, Kang WS, Kim JS, Na CS, Kim S. De Novo Assembly and Species-Specific Marker Development as a Useful Tool for the Identification of Scutellaria L. Species. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2021; 43:2177-2188. [PMID: 34940126 PMCID: PMC8929090 DOI: 10.3390/cimb43030152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria L. (family Lamiaceae) includes approximately 470 species found in most parts of the world and is commonly known as skullcaps. Scutellaria L. is a medicinal herb used as a folk remedy in Korea and East Asia, but it is difficult to identify and classify various subspecies by morphological methods. Since Scutellaria L. has not been studied genetically, to expand the knowledge of species in the genus Scutellaria L., de novo whole-genome assembly was performed in Scutellaria indica var. tsusimensis (H. Hara) Ohwi using the Illumina sequencing platform. We aimed to develop a molecular method that could be used to classify S.indica var. tsusimensis (H. Hara) Ohwi, S. indica L. and three other Scutellaria L. species. The assembly results for S.indica var. tsusimensis (H. Hara) Ohwi revealed a genome size of 318,741,328 bp and a scaffold N50 of 78,430. The assembly contained 92.08% of the conserved BUSCO core gene set and was estimated to cover 94.65% of the genome. The obtained genes were compared with previously registered Scutellaria nucleotide sequences and similar regions using the NCBI BLAST service, and a total of 279 similar nucleotide sequences were detected. By selecting the 279 similar nucleotide sequences and nine chloroplast DNA barcode genes, primers were prepared so that the size of the PCR product was 100 to 1000 bp. As a result, a species-specific primer set capable of distinguishing five species of Scutellaria L. was developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakjoon Choi
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (H.C.); (W.S.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Wan Seok Kang
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (H.C.); (W.S.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Jin Seok Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (H.C.); (W.S.K.); (J.S.K.)
| | - Chang-Su Na
- College of Korean Medicine, Dongshin University, Naju-si 58245, Korea;
| | - Sunoh Kim
- Central R&D Center, B&Tech Co., Ltd., Gwangju 61239, Korea; (H.C.); (W.S.K.); (J.S.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-528-2201; Fax: +82-62-528-2202
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Doh EJ, Kim JH, Lee G. Identification and Monitoring of Amomi Fructus and its Adulterants Based on DNA Barcoding Analysis and Designed DNA Markers. Molecules 2019; 24:E4193. [PMID: 31752298 PMCID: PMC6891445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Amomi Fructus is one of the traditional medicines derived from the ripe fruits of the Zingiberaceae family of plants, which include Amomum villosum, A. villosum var. xanthioides, and A. longiligulare. Owing to their highly similar morphological traits, several kinds of adulterants of Amomi Fructus have been reported. Therefore, accurate and reliable methods of identification are necessary in order to ensure drug safety and quality. We performed DNA barcoding using five regions (ITS, matK, rbcL, rpoB, and trnL-F intergenic spacer) of 23 Amomi Fructus samples and 22 adulterants. We designed specific DNA markers for Amomi Fructus based on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ITS. Amomi Fructus was well separated from the adulterants and was classified with the species of origin based on the detected SNPs from the DNA barcoding results. The AVF1/ISR DNA marker for A. villosum produced a 270 bases amplified product, while the ALF1/ISF DNA marker produced a 350 bases product specific for A. longiligulare. Using these DNA markers, the monitoring of commercially distributed Amomi Fructus was performed, and the monitoring results were confirmed by ITS analysis. This method identified samples that were from incorrect origins, and a new species of adulterant was also identified. These results confirmed the accuracy and efficiency of the designed DNA markers; this method may be used as an efficient tool for the identification and verification of Amomi Fructus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eui Jeong Doh
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Kim
- Division of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea;
| | - Guemsan Lee
- Department of Herbology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea;
- Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Korea
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Kang YJ, Lee BM, Nam M, Oh KW, Lee MH, Kim TH, Jo SH, Lee JH. Identification of quantitative trait loci associated with flowering time in perilla using genotyping-by-sequencing. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 46:4397-4407. [PMID: 31152338 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-04894-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the transition to the reproductive period is important for crop breeding. This information can facilitate the production of novel varieties that are better adapted to local environments or changing climatic conditions. Here, we report the development of a high-density linkage map based on genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) for the genus perilla. Through GBS library construction and Illumina sequencing of an F2 population, a total of 9607 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers were developed. The ten-group linkage map of 1309.39 cM contained 2518 markers, with an average marker density of 0.56 cM per linkage group (LG). Using this map, a total of six QTLs were identified. These quantitative trait loci (QTLs) are associated with three traits related to flowering time: days to visible flower bud, days to flowering, and days to maturity. Ortholog analysis conducted with known genes involved in the regulation of flowering time among different crop species identified GI, CO and ELF4 as putative perilla orthologs that are closely linked to the QTL regions associated with flowering time. These results provide a foundation that will be useful for future studies of flowering time in perilla using fine mapping, and marker-assisted selection for the development of new varieties of perilla.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bo-Mi Lee
- SEEDERS Inc., Daejeon, 34912, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon Nam
- SEEDERS Inc., Daejeon, 34912, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Won Oh
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Hee Lee
- National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Ho Kim
- National Academy of Agricultural Science, RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Jo
- SEEDERS Inc., Daejeon, 34912, Republic of Korea.
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Lee J, Kim DS, Cho J, Hong SJ, Pan JH, Kim JK, Shin EC. Perilla frutescens Britton: A Comprehensive Study on Flavor/Taste and Chemical Properties During the Roasting Process. Molecules 2019; 24:E1374. [PMID: 30965657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated changes of volatile compounds, sniffing test-assisted sensory properties, taste associated-constituent and free amino acid compositions, taste description by electronic-tongue, and chemical characteristics in Perilla frutescens Britton var. acuta Kudo after roasting at 150 °C for 0–8 min. A total of 142 volatile compounds were identified, among which methyl benzoate and limonene were predominant, regardless of roasting time, and these were also detected as the major compounds in the sniffing test by GC-olfactometry. For constituent amino acids analyzed by the acid hydrolysis method using hydrochloric acid (HCl), the concentration of glutamic acid, aspartic acid, and leucine showed an increase pattern with increased roasting time, which results in umami taste, sour taste, and bitter taste, respectively. For free amino acids, valine and hydroxylysine eliciting bitter and bitter and sweet tastes, respectively, also tend to increase by roasting. The pattern of amino acid concentration by roasting was readily matched to the taste description by electronic-tongue but that of sweetness and sourness by electronic-tongue did not coincide with the amino acid composition. For the chemical properties, total phenolic content, antioxidative capacity, and browning intensity tend to increase with roasting but decreased by 8 min. The results of this study provide fundamental information on perilla in both the food industry and cooking environment for the sake of increasing the utilization of perilla as a food source and ingredient.
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Xin T, Zhang Y, Pu X, Gao R, Xu Z, Song J. Trends in herbgenomics. Sci China Life Sci 2019; 62:288-308. [PMID: 30128965 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-018-9352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
From Shen Nong's Herbal Classic (Shennong Bencao Jing) to the Compendium of Materia Medica (Bencao Gangmu) and the first scientific Nobel Prize for the mainland of China, each milestone in the historical process of the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) involves screening, testing and integrating. After thousands of years of inheritance and development, herbgenomics (bencaogenomics) has bridged the gap between TCM and international advanced omics studies, promoting the application of frontier technologies in TCM. It is a discipline that uncovers the genetic information and regulatory networks of herbs to clarify their molecular mechanism in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. The main theoretical system includes genomics, functional genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, metagenomics, synthetic biology, pharmacogenomics of TCM, and bioinformatics, among other fields. Herbgenomics is mainly applicable to the study of medicinal model plants, genomic-assisted breeding, herbal synthetic biology, protection and utilization of gene resources, TCM quality evaluation and control, and TCM drug development. Such studies will accelerate the application of cutting-edge technologies, revitalize herbal research, and strongly promote the development and modernization of TCM.
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Kim J, Kang H, Choi H, Jo A, Oh DR, Kim Y, Im S, Lee SG, Jeong KI, Ryu GC, Choi C. Aqueous Extract of Perilla frutescens var. acuta Relaxes the Ciliary Smooth Muscle by Increasing NO/cGMP Content In Vitro and In Vivo. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071777. [PMID: 30029520 PMCID: PMC6100439 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The leaves of Perilla frutescens var. acuta (PFA) are commonly used as a traditional medicine in Korea, Japan, and China. We previously showed that PFA attenuates eye fatigue by improving visual accommodation through a clinical study. However, detailed mechanisms and chemical compounds have not been studied. In this study, we analyzed the active compounds in an aqueous extract of PFA involved in ciliary muscle relaxation in vitro and in vivo. NMR and MS analyses showed that the PFA extract contained mainly luteolin-7-O-diglucuronide and apigenin-7-O-diglucuronide. The composition after freeze-drying and spray-drying was similar. Freeze-dried PFA (50 µg/mL, 100 µg/mL, and 200 µg/mL) increased nitric oxide and cGMP levels in ciliary muscle cells isolated from the eyes of rats. [Ca2+]i decreased in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Sprague-Dawley rats treated with freeze-dried PFA (200 mg/kg, orally) showed significantly increased cGMP levels compared with the control group and irradiated with white light. Our results suggest that PFA extract has the potential to reduce eye fatigue by relaxing ciliary muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeyong Kim
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Huwon Kang
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Hakjoon Choi
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Ara Jo
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Dooi-Ri Oh
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Yujin Kim
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Sojeong Im
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Seul-Gi Lee
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
| | - Kyeong-In Jeong
- Department of Optometry and optic science Dong-Shin University, Naju 58245, Korea.
| | - Geun-Chang Ryu
- Department of Optometry and optic science Dong-Shin University, Naju 58245, Korea.
| | - Chulyung Choi
- Jeonnam Institute of Natural Resources Research, Jangheung-gun, Jeollanamdo 59338, Korea.
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