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Notarbartolo M, Massaro M, de Melo Barbosa R, Emili C, Liotta LF, Poma P, Raymo FM, Sànchez-Espejo R, Vago R, Viseras-Iborra C, Riela S. Exploring the cellular uptake of hectorite clay mineral and its drug carrier capabilities. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 220:112931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Labbozzetta M, Poma P, Occhipinti C, Sajeva M, Notarbartolo M. Antitumor Effect of Glandora rosmarinifolia (Boraginaceae) Essential Oil through Inhibition of the Activity of the Topo II Enzyme in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27134203. [PMID: 35807446 PMCID: PMC9268258 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
It was previously shown that the antitumor and cytotoxic activity of the essential oil (EO) extracted from the aerial parts of Glandora rosmarinifolia appears to involve a pro-oxidant mechanism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. Its most abundant compound is a hydroxy-methyl-naphthoquinone isomer. Important pharmacological activities, such as antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and antiparasitic activities, are attributed to naphthoquinones, probably due to their pro-oxidant or electrophilic potential; for some naphthoquinones, a mechanism of action of topoisomerase inhibition has been reported, in which they appear to act both as catalytic inhibitors and as topoisomerase II poisons. Our aim was to evaluate the cytotoxic activity of the essential oil on an acute myeloid leukemia cell line HL-60 and on its multidrug-resistant (MDR) variant HL-60R and verify its ability to interfere with topoisomerase II activity. MTS assay showed that G. rosmarinifolia EO induced a decrease in tumor cell viability equivalent in the two cell lines; this antitumor effect could depend on the pro-oxidant activity of EO in both cell lines. Furthermore, G. rosmarinifolia EO reduced the activity of Topo II in the nuclear extracts of HL-60 and HL-60R cells, as inferred from the inability to convert the kinetoplast DNA into the decatenated form and then not inducing linear kDNA. Confirming this result, flow cytometric analysis proved that EO induced a G0-G1 phase arrest, with cell reduction in the S-phase. In addition, the combination of EO with etoposide showed a good potentiation effect in terms of cytotoxicity in both cell lines. Our results highlight the antitumor activity of EO in the HL-60 cell line and its MDR variant with a peculiar mechanism as a Topo II modulator. Unlike etoposide, EO does not cause stabilization of a covalent Topo II-DNA intermediate but acts as a catalytic inhibitor. These data make G. rosmarinifolia EO a potential anticancer drug candidate due to its cytotoxic action, which is not affected by multidrug resistance.
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A Narrative Review of the Antitumor Activity of Monoterpenes from Essential Oils: An Update. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:6317201. [PMID: 35655488 PMCID: PMC9155973 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6317201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Monoterpenes are a group of natural products that have been widely studied due to their therapeutic potential against various pathologies. These compounds are abundant in the chemical composition of essential oils. Cancer is a term that covers more than 100 different types of malignant diseases and is among the leading causes of death in the world. Therefore, the search for new pharmacotherapeutic options applicable to cancer is urgent. In this review, studies on the antitumor activity of monoterpenes found in essential oils were selected, and botanical, chemical, and pharmacological aspects were discussed. The most investigated monoterpenes were carvacrol and linalool with highly significant in vitro and in vivo tumor inhibition in several types of cancers. The action mechanisms of these natural products are also presented and are wildly varied being apoptosis the most prevalent followed by cell cycle impairment, ROS production, autophagy, necroptosis, and others. The studies reported here confirm the antitumor properties of monoterpenes and their anticancer potential against various types of tumors, as demonstrated in in vitro and in vivo studies using various types of cancer cells and tumors in animal models. The data described serve as a reference for the advancement in the mechanistic studies of these compounds and in the preparation of synthetic derivatives or analogues with a better antitumor profile.
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Phytol and Heptacosane Are Possible Tools to Overcome Multidrug Resistance in an In Vitro Model of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15030356. [PMID: 35337153 PMCID: PMC8952646 DOI: 10.3390/ph15030356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is the ability of cancer cells to gain resistance to both conventional and novel chemotherapy agents, and remains a major problem in cancer therapy. Resistance mechanisms are multifactorial and involve more strictly pharmacological factors, such as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and biological factors such as inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathway. Possible therapeutic strategies for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) have increased in recent years; however, drug resistance remains a problem for most pa-tients. Phytol and heptacosane are the major compounds of Euphorbia intisy essential oil (EO) which were demonstrated to inhibit P-gp in a multidrug resistant in vitro model of AML. This study investigated the mechanism by which phytol and heptacosane improve P-gp-mediated drug transport. Phytol suppresses the P-gp expression via NF-κB inhibition and does not seem to act on the efflux system. Heptacosane acts as a substrate and potent P-gp inhibitor, demonstrating the ability to retain the substrate doxorubicin inside the cell and enhancing its cytotoxic effects. Our results suggest that these compounds act as non-toxic modulators of P-gp through different mechanisms and are able to revert P-gp-mediated drug resistance in tumor cells.
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Massaro M, Poma P, Cavallaro G, García-Villén F, Lazzara G, Notarbartolo M, Muratore N, Sánchez-Espejo R, Viseras Iborra C, Riela S. Prodrug based on halloysite delivery systems to improve the antitumor ability of methotrexate in leukemia cell lines. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 213:112385. [PMID: 35168104 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
The prodrug approach, as well as the development of specific systems able to deliver a chemotherapeutic agent in the target site, decreasing the side effects often associated with its administration, are still a challenging. In this context, both methotrexate drug molecules (MTX) and biotin ligand moieties, whose receptors are overexpressed on the surface of several cancer cells, were loaded on halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) to develop nanomaterial based on multifunctional and "smart" delivery systems. To highlight the crucial role played by biotin, carrier systems based on HNTs and MTX were also synthetized. In detail, several approaches were envisaged: i) a supramolecular interaction between the clay and the drug; ii) a covalent grafting of the drug onto the HNTs external surface and, iii) a combination of both approaches. The nanomaterials obtained were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis, FT-IR, and UV-vis spectroscopies, DLS and ζ-potential measurements and the morphologies were imaged by HAADF/STEM investigations. Kinetic release experiments at different pH conditions were also performed. Finally, as a proof-of-concept application of our pro-drug delivery systems based on HNTs in cancer therapy, the cytotoxic effects were evaluated on acute myeloid leukemia cell lines, HL60 and its multidrug resistance variant, HL60R. The obtained results showed that both the MTX prodrug system and the biotinylated ones played a crucial role in the biological activity and, they are promising agents for the cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Massaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Paola Poma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cavallaro
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè (DiFC), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, INSTM, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Fátima García-Villén
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 s/n Granada, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Lazzara
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè (DiFC), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per la Scienza e Tecnologia dei Materiali, INSTM, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Monica Notarbartolo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Nicola Muratore
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè (DiFC), University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Sánchez-Espejo
- Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC-UGR, Avenida de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - César Viseras Iborra
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus of Cartuja, 18071 s/n Granada, Spain; Andalusian Institute of Earth Sciences, CSIC-UGR, Avenida de las Palmeras 4, 18100 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Serena Riela
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche, Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF), University of Palermo Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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Poma P, Labbozzetta M, Ramarosandratana AV, Rosselli S, Tutone M, Sajeva M, Notarbartolo M. In Vitro Modulation of P-Glycoprotein Activity by Euphorbia intisy Essential Oil on Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cell Line HL-60R. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14020111. [PMID: 33572621 PMCID: PMC7922936 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia species have a large spectrum of traditional medicinal uses. We tested the biological activities of the essential oil (EO) of Euphorbia intisy Drake in an acquired multidrug resistance leukemia model to assess whether the EO obtained by hydrodistillation of stems was able to reverse the resistant phenotype. HL-60R cell lines are characterized by the overexpression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) and constitutive expression of NF-κB. EO chemical composition was determined by GC/MS analysis; cytotoxic activity of EO by MTS assay alone or in combination with doxorubicin; pro-apoptotic effect and doxorubicin accumulation were analyzed by flow cytometry; P-gp ATPase activity was measured by P-gp-Glo™ assay systems kit. The ability to inhibit NF-κB and its target genes was also assessed. E. intisy EO exhibited a comparable cytotoxic effect and ability to block P-gp in both the HL-60 and its MDR variant HL-60R. In addition, EO suppressed P-gp protein expression and significantly downregulated MDR1 mRNA level, as well as some IAPs proteins, probably through the inhibition of NF-κB. Our results suggest that E. intisy EO could reverse P-gp-mediated drug resistance in tumor cells acting as a chemosensitizing agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Poma
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (P.P.); (M.L.); (S.R.); (M.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Manuela Labbozzetta
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (P.P.); (M.L.); (S.R.); (M.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Aro Vonjy Ramarosandratana
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Antananarivo, P.O. Box 906, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar;
| | - Sergio Rosselli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (P.P.); (M.L.); (S.R.); (M.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Marco Tutone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (P.P.); (M.L.); (S.R.); (M.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Maurizio Sajeva
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (P.P.); (M.L.); (S.R.); (M.T.); (M.S.)
| | - Monica Notarbartolo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (P.P.); (M.L.); (S.R.); (M.T.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Mononuclear Perfluoroalkyl-Heterocyclic Complexes of Pd(II): Synthesis, Structural Characterization and Antimicrobial Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194487. [PMID: 33007913 PMCID: PMC7582383 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two mononuclear Pd(II) complexes [PdCl2(pfptp)] (1) and [PdCl2(pfhtp)] (2), with ligands 2-(3-perfluoropropyl-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-5yl)-pyridine (pfptp) and 2-(3-perfluoroheptyl-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazole-5yl)-pyridine (pfhtp), were synthesized and structurally characterized. The two complexes showed a bidentate coordination of the ligand occurring through N atom of pyridine ring and N4 atom of 1,2,4-triazole. Both complexes showed antimicrobial activity when tested against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains.
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Presentato A, Armetta F, Spinella A, Chillura Martino DF, Alduina R, Saladino ML. Formulation of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Controlled Release of Antimicrobials for Stone Preventive Conservation. Front Chem 2020; 8:699. [PMID: 32974275 PMCID: PMC7471835 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The biotic deterioration of artifacts of archaeological and artistic interest mostly relies on the action of microorganisms capable of thriving under the most disparate environmental conditions. Thus, to attenuate biodeterioration phenomena, biocides can be used by the restorers to prevent or slow down the microbial growth. However, several factors such as biocide half-life, its wash-out because of environmental conditions, and its limited time of action make necessary its application repeatedly, leading to negative economic implications. Sound and successful treatments are represented by controlled release systems (CRSs) based on porous materials. Here, we report on the design and development of a CRS system based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), as a carrier, and loaded with a biocide. MSNs, with a diameter of 55 nm and cylindrical pores of ca. 3-8 nm arranged as parallel arrays concerning the NP diameter, and with 422 m2/g of specific surface area were synthesized by the sol-gel method assisted by oil in water emulsion. Biocide loading and release were carried out in water and monitored by UV-Vis Spectroscopy; in addition, microbiological assay was performed using as control the MCM-41 mesoporous silica loaded with the same biocide. The role of specific supramolecular interaction in regulating the release is discussed. Further, we demonstrated that this innovative formulation was useful in inhibiting the in vitro growth of Kocuria rhizophila, an environmental Gram-positive bacterial strain. Besides, the CRS here prepared reduced the bacterial biomass contaminating a real case study (i.e., stone derived from the Santa Margherita cave located in Sicily, Italy), after several months of treatment thus opening for innovative treatments of deteriorated stone artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Presentato
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Armetta
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Spinella
- Advanced Technologies Network (ATeN) Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Delia Francesca Chillura Martino
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Advanced Technologies Network (ATeN) Center, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rosa Alduina
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Saladino
- Department of Biological, Chemical, and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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New Synthetic Nitro-Pyrrolomycins as Promising Antibacterial and Anticancer Agents. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9060292. [PMID: 32486200 PMCID: PMC7345095 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9060292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrrolomycins (PMs) are polyhalogenated antibiotics known as powerful biologically active compounds, yet featuring high cytotoxicity. The present study reports the antibacterial and antitumoral properties of new chemically synthesized PMs, where the three positions of the pyrrolic nucleus were replaced by nitro groups, aiming to reduce their cytotoxicity while maintaining or even enhancing the biological activity. Indeed, the presence of the nitro substituent in diverse positions of the pyrrole determined an improvement of the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Gram-positive (i.e., Staphylococcus aureus) or -negative (i.e., Pseudomonas aeruginosa) pathogen strains as compared to the natural PM-C. Moreover, some new nitro-PMs were as active as or more than PM-C in inhibiting the proliferation of colon (HCT116) and breast (MCF 7) cancer cell lines and were less toxic towards normal epithelial (hTERT RPE-1) cells. Altogether, our findings contribute to increase the knowledge of the mode of action of these promising molecules and provide a basis for their rationale chemical or biological manipulation.
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Angellotti G, Murgia D, Presentato A, D’Oca MC, Scarpaci AG, Alduina R, Raimondi MV, De Caro V. Antibacterial PEGylated Solid Lipid Microparticles for Cosmeceutical Purpose: Formulation, Characterization, and Efficacy Evaluation. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13092073. [PMID: 32365956 PMCID: PMC7254386 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of efficacious means of delivering antioxidant polyphenols from natural sources for the treatment of skin diseases is of great interest for many cosmetic and pharmaceutical companies. Resveratrol (RSV) and Limonene (LIM) have been shown to possess good anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus infections responsible for many skin disorders, such as acne vulgaris. In this study, solid lipid microparticles are designed as composite vehicles capable of encapsulating a high amount of trans-RSV and enhancing its absorption through the stratum corneum. A microparticulate system based on mixture of PEGylate lipids, long-chain alcohols and LIM is able to entrap RSV in an amorphous state, increasing its half-life and avoiding inactivation due to isomerization phenomena, which represents the main drawback in topical formulations. Particles have been characterized in term of shape, size distribution and drug loading. Antimicrobial tests against S. aureus have highlighted that empty microspheres possess per se antimicrobial activity, which is enhanced by the presence of LIM, demonstrating that they can represent an interesting bactericide vehicle for RSV administration on the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Angellotti
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (D.M.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.G.S.); (R.A.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Denise Murgia
- Dipartimento di Discipline Chirurgiche, Oncologiche e Stomatologiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (G.A.); (D.M.)
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.G.S.); (R.A.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Alessandro Presentato
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.G.S.); (R.A.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Maria Cristina D’Oca
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica, Università degli Studi Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Amalia Giulia Scarpaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.G.S.); (R.A.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Rosa Alduina
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.G.S.); (R.A.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Maria Valeria Raimondi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.G.S.); (R.A.); (M.V.R.)
| | - Viviana De Caro
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche Chimiche e Farmaceutiche (STEBICEF) Università degli Studi di Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (A.P.); (A.G.S.); (R.A.); (M.V.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-091-2389-1926
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Labbozzetta M, Notarbartolo M, Poma P. Can NF-κB Be Considered a Valid Drug Target in Neoplastic Diseases? Our Point of View. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093070. [PMID: 32349210 PMCID: PMC7246796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR), of the innate and acquired types, is one of major problems in treating tumor diseases with a good chance of success. In this review, we examine the key role of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) to induce MDR in three tumor models characterized precisely by innate or acquired MDR, in particular triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). We also present different pharmacological approaches that our group have employed to reduce the expression/activation of this transcriptional factor and thus to restore chemo-sensitivity. Finally, we examine the latest scientific evidence found by other groups, the most significant clinical trials regarding NF-κB, and new perspectives on the possibility to consider this transcriptional factor a valid drug target in neoplastic diseases.
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Saladino ML, Markowska M, Carmone C, Cancemi P, Alduina R, Presentato A, Scaffaro R, Biały D, Hasiak M, Hreniak D, Wawrzyńska M. Graphene Oxide Carboxymethylcellulose Nanocomposite for Dressing Materials. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13081980. [PMID: 32340390 PMCID: PMC7216044 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Sore, infected wounds are a major clinical issue, and there is thus an urgent need for novel biomaterials as multifunctional constituents for dressings. A set of biocomposites was prepared by solvent casting using different concentrations of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and exfoliated graphene oxide (Exf-GO) as a filler. Exf-GO was first obtained by the strong oxidation and exfoliation of graphite. The structural, morphological and mechanical properties of the composites (CMCx/Exf-GO) were evaluated, and the obtained composites were homogenous, transparent and brownish in color. The results confirmed that Exf-GO may be homogeneously dispersed in CMC. It was found that the composite has an inhibitory activity against the Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, but not against Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa. At the same time, it does not exhibit any cytotoxic effect on normal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luisa Saladino
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Bld. 16-17, I-90128 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (P.C.); (R.A.); (A.P.)
- Correspondence: (M.L.S.); (D.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Marta Markowska
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, PL-50-422 Wrocław, Poland; (M.M.); (D.H.)
- Carbonmed Spółka z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Clara Carmone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Bld. 16-17, I-90128 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (P.C.); (R.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Patrizia Cancemi
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Bld. 16-17, I-90128 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (P.C.); (R.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Rosa Alduina
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Bld. 16-17, I-90128 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (P.C.); (R.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Presentato
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Bld. 16-17, I-90128 Palermo, Italy; (C.C.); (P.C.); (R.A.); (A.P.)
| | - Roberto Scaffaro
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze Bld. 6, I-90128 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Dariusz Biały
- Carbonmed Spółka z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
- Division of Preclinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, PL-50-367 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.L.S.); (D.B.); (M.W.)
| | - Mariusz Hasiak
- Department of Mechanics and Material Science Engineering, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Smoluchowskiego 25, PL-50-370 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Hreniak
- Institute of Low Temperature and Structure Research, Polish Academy of Sciences, Okólna 2, PL-50-422 Wrocław, Poland; (M.M.); (D.H.)
- Carbonmed Spółka z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Magdalena Wawrzyńska
- Carbonmed Spółka z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością, ul. Okólna 2, 50-422 Wrocław, Poland
- Division of Preclinical Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, PL-50-367 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.L.S.); (D.B.); (M.W.)
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13
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Ragno R, Papa R, Patsilinakos A, Vrenna G, Garzoli S, Tuccio V, Fiscarelli E, Selan L, Artini M. Essential oils against bacterial isolates from cystic fibrosis patients by means of antimicrobial and unsupervised machine learning approaches. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2653. [PMID: 32060344 PMCID: PMC7021809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59553-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrent and chronic respiratory tract infections in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients result in progressive lung damage and represent the primary cause of morbidity and mortality. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the earliest bacteria in CF infants and children. Starting from early adolescence, patients become chronically infected with Gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is the most relevant and recurring. Intensive use of antimicrobial drugs to fight lung infections inevitably leads to the onset of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains. New antimicrobial compounds should be identified to overcome antibiotic resistance in these patients. Recently interesting data were reported in literature on the use of natural derived compounds that inhibited in vitro S. aureus and P. aeruginosa bacterial growth. Essential oils, among these, seemed to be the most promising. In this work is reported an extensive study on 61 essential oils (EOs) against a panel of 40 clinical strains isolated from CF patients. To reduce the in vitro procedure and render the investigation as convergent as possible, machine learning clusterization algorithms were firstly applied to pick-up a fewer number of representative strains among the panel of 40. This approach allowed us to easily identify three EOs able to strongly inhibit bacterial growth of all bacterial strains. Interestingly, the EOs antibacterial activity is completely unrelated to the antibiotic resistance profile of each strain. Taking into account the results obtained, a clinical use of EOs could be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rino Ragno
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy. .,Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l, 00125, Rome, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Papa
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Alexandros Patsilinakos
- Rome Center for Molecular Design, Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.,Alchemical Dynamics s.r.l, 00125, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Vrenna
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Garzoli
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa Tuccio
- Laboratories and Pediatrics Departments, Children's Hospital and Institute Research Bambino Gesù, Rome, 00165, Italy
| | - ErsiliaVita Fiscarelli
- Laboratories and Pediatrics Departments, Children's Hospital and Institute Research Bambino Gesù, Rome, 00165, Italy
| | - Laura Selan
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy.
| | - Marco Artini
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
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14
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Gabardo ML, Maranho L, Rosas E, Costa T, Ribas JC, Baratto-Filho F. Evaluation of the chemical composition and oral antimicrobial activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Pimenta pseudocaryophyllus (Gomes) landrum. Pharmacognosy Res 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pr.pr_83_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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15
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Poma P, Labbozzetta M, McCubrey JA, Ramarosandratana AV, Sajeva M, Zito P, Notarbartolo M. Antitumor Mechanism of the Essential Oils from Two Succulent Plants in Multidrug Resistance Leukemia Cell. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2019; 12:ph12030124. [PMID: 31454963 PMCID: PMC6789815 DOI: 10.3390/ph12030124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance remains a major challenge in the treatment of cancer. The multiplicity of the drug resistance determinants raises the question about the optimal strategies to deal with them. Essential oils showed to inhibit the growth of different tumor cell types. Essential oils contain several chemical classes of compounds whose heterogeneity of active moieties can help prevent the development of drug resistance. In the present paper, we analyzed, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry the chemical composition of the essential oil of the leaves of Kalanchoebeharensis obtained by hydrodistillation and compared the chemical composition of its essential oil with that of Cyphostemma juttae. Our results demonstrated the anticancer and proapoptotic activities of both species against acute myeloid leukemia on an in vitro model and its multidrug resistant variant involving NF-κB pathway. The essential oils of both species produced a significant decrease in many targets of NF-κB both at mRNA and protein levels. The results corroborate the idea that essential oils may be a good alternative to traditional drugs in the treatment of cancer, especially in drug resistant cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Poma
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Manuela Labbozzetta
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - James A McCubrey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Aro Vonjy Ramarosandratana
- Department of Plant Biology and Ecology, University of Antananarivo, P.O. Box 906, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | - Maurizio Sajeva
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
| | - Pietro Zito
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy
| | - Monica Notarbartolo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Science and Technology (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
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