Cytotoxicity against HL60 Cells of Ficifolidione Derivatives with Methyl, n-Pentyl, and n-Heptyl Groups

Spiro Derivatives in the Discovery of New Pesticides: A Research Review

Spiro compounds are biologically active organic compounds with unique structures, found in a wide variety of natural products and drugs. They do not readily lead to drug resistance due to their unique mechanisms of action and have, therefore, attracted considerable attention regarding pesticide development. Analyzing structure-activity relationships (SARs) and summarizing the characteristics of spiro compounds with high activity are crucial steps in the design and development of new pesticides. This review mainly summarizes spiro compounds with insecticidal, bactericidal, fungicidal, herbicidal, antiviral, and plant growth regulating functions to provide insight for the creation of new spiro compound pesticides.