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Zigová M, Miškufová V, Budovská M, Michalková R, Mojžiš J. Exploring the Antiproliferative and Modulatory Effects of 1-Methoxyisobrassinin on Ovarian Cancer Cells: Insights into Cell Cycle Regulation, Apoptosis, Autophagy, and Its Interactions with NAC. Molecules 2024; 29:1773. [PMID: 38675591 PMCID: PMC11052400 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29081773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, a highly lethal malignancy among reproductive organ cancers, poses a significant challenge with its high mortality rate, particularly in advanced-stage cases resistant to platinum-based chemotherapy. This study explores the potential therapeutic efficacy of 1-methoxyisobrassinin (MB-591), a derivative of indole phytoalexins found in Cruciferae family plants, on both cisplatin-sensitive (A2780) and cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer cells (A2780 cis). The findings reveal that MB-591 exhibits an antiproliferative effect on both cell lines, with significantly increased potency against cisplatin-sensitive cells. The substance induces alterations in the distribution of the cell cycle, particularly in the S and G2/M phases, accompanied by changes in key regulatory proteins. Moreover, MB-591 triggers apoptosis in both cell lines, involving caspase-9 cleavage, PARP cleavage induction, and DNA damage, accompanied by the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial dysfunction. Notably, the substance selectively induces autophagy in cisplatin-resistant cells, suggesting potential targeted therapeutic applications. The study further explores the interplay between MB-591 and antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC), in modulating cellular processes. NAC demonstrates a protective effect against MB-591-induced cytotoxicity, affecting cell cycle distribution and apoptosis-related proteins. Additionally, NAC exhibits inhibitory effects on autophagy initiation in cisplatin-resistant cells, suggesting its potential role in overcoming resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Zigová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.Z.); (V.M.)
| | - Viktória Miškufová
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.Z.); (V.M.)
| | - Marianna Budovská
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia;
| | - Radka Michalková
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.Z.); (V.M.)
| | - Ján Mojžiš
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, 040 01 Košice, Slovakia; (M.Z.); (V.M.)
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Muñoz-Vega MC, López-Hernández S, Sierra-Chavarro A, Scotti MT, Scotti L, Coy-Barrera E, Herrera-Acevedo C. Machine-Learning- and Structure-Based Virtual Screening for Selecting Cinnamic Acid Derivatives as Leishmania major DHFR-TS Inhibitors. Molecules 2023; 29:179. [PMID: 38202763 PMCID: PMC10779987 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The critical enzyme dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase in Leishmania major (LmDHFR-TS) serves a dual-purpose role and is essential for DNA synthesis, a cornerstone of the parasite's reproductive processes. Consequently, the development of inhibitors against LmDHFR-TS is crucial for the creation of novel anti-Leishmania chemotherapies. In this study, we employed an in-house database containing 314 secondary metabolites derived from cinnamic acid that occurred in the Asteraceae family. We conducted a combined ligand/structure-based virtual screening to identify potential inhibitors against LmDHFR-TS. Through consensus analysis of both approaches, we identified three compounds, i.e., lithospermic acid (237), diarctigenin (306), and isolappaol A (308), that exhibited a high probability of being inhibitors according to both approaches and were consequently classified as promising hits. Subsequently, we expanded the binding mode examination of these compounds within the active site of the test enzyme through molecular dynamics simulations, revealing a high degree of structural stability and minimal fluctuations in its tertiary structure. The in silico predictions were then validated through in vitro assays to examine the inhibitory capacity of the top-ranked naturally occurring compounds against LmDHFR-TS recombinant protein. The test compounds effectively inhibited the enzyme with IC50 values ranging from 6.1 to 10.1 μM. In contrast, other common cinnamic acid derivatives (i.e., flavonoid glycosides) from the Asteraceae family, such as hesperidin, isovitexin 4'-O-glucoside, and rutin, exhibited low activity against this target. The selective index (SI) for all tested compounds was determined using HsDHFR with moderate inhibitory effect. Among these hits, lignans 306 and 308 demonstrated the highest selectivity, displaying superior SI values compared to methotrexate, the reference inhibitor of DHFR-TS. Therefore, continued research into the anti-leishmanial potential of these C6C3-hybrid butyrolactone lignans may offer a brighter outlook for combating this neglected tropical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Camila Muñoz-Vega
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad ECCI, Bogotá, Distrito Capital 111311, Colombia; (M.C.M.-V.); (S.L.-H.); (A.S.-C.)
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Biocatálisis y Biotransformaciones (LIBB), Grupo de Investigación en Ingeniería de los Procesos Agroalimentarios y Biotecnológicos (GIPAB), Departamento de Química Universidad del Valle, Cali 760042, Colombia
| | - Sofía López-Hernández
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad ECCI, Bogotá, Distrito Capital 111311, Colombia; (M.C.M.-V.); (S.L.-H.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Adrián Sierra-Chavarro
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad ECCI, Bogotá, Distrito Capital 111311, Colombia; (M.C.M.-V.); (S.L.-H.); (A.S.-C.)
| | - Marcus Tullius Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (M.T.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Luciana Scotti
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (M.T.S.); (L.S.)
| | - Ericsson Coy-Barrera
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Militar Nueva Granada, Cajicá 250247, Colombia;
| | - Chonny Herrera-Acevedo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad ECCI, Bogotá, Distrito Capital 111311, Colombia; (M.C.M.-V.); (S.L.-H.); (A.S.-C.)
- Post-Graduate Program in Natural and Synthetic Bioactive Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-900, PB, Brazil; (M.T.S.); (L.S.)
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Zhang J, Gelain J, Schnabel G, Mallawarachchi S, Wang H, Mulgaonkar N, Karthikeyan R, Fernando S. Identification of Fungicide Combinations for Overcoming Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea Fungicide Resistance. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2966. [PMID: 38138109 PMCID: PMC10746041 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11122966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungal diseases, including downy mildew (caused by Plasmopara viticola) and gray mold (caused by Botrytis cinerea), significantly impact the marketable yield of grapes produced worldwide. Cytochrome b of the mitochondrial respiratory chain of these two fungi is a key target for Quinone outside inhibitor (QoI)-based fungicide development. Since the mode of action (MOA) of QoI fungicides is restricted to a single site, the extensive usage of these fungicides has resulted in fungicide resistance. The use of fungicide combinations with multiple targets is an effective way to counter and slow down the development of fungicide resistance. Due to the high cost of in planta trials, in silico techniques can be used for the rapid screening of potential fungicides. In this study, a combination of in silico simulations that include Schrödinger Glide docking, molecular dynamics, and Molecular Mechanism-Generalized Born Surface Area calculation were used to screen the most potent QoI and non-QoI-based fungicide combinations to wild-type, G143A-mutated, F129L-mutated, and double-mutated versions that had both G143A and F129L mutations of fungal cytochrome b. In silico docking studies indicated that mandestrobin, famoxadone, captan, and thiram have a high affinity toward WT cytochrome b of Botrytis cinerea. Although the QoIs mandestrobin and famoxadone were effective for WT based on in vitro results, they were not broadly effective against G143A-mutated isolates. Famoxadone was only effective against one isolate with G143A-mutated cytochrome b. The non-QoI fungicides thiram and captan were effective against both WT and isolates with G143A-mutated cytochrome b. Follow-up in silico docking and molecular dynamics studies suggested that fungicide combinations consisting of famoxadone, mandestrobin, fenamidone, and thiram should be considered in field testing targeting Plasmopara viticola and Botrytis cinerea fungicide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Zhang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Jhulia Gelain
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Guido Schnabel
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Samavath Mallawarachchi
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Haoqi Wang
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | - Nirmitee Mulgaonkar
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
| | | | - Sandun Fernando
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77845, USA
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Tivari SR, Kokate SV, Delgado-Alvarado E, Gayke MS, Kotmale A, Patel H, Ahmad I, Sobhia EM, Kumar SG, Lara BG, Jain VD, Jadeja Y. A novel series of dipeptide derivatives containing indole-3-carboxylic acid conjugates as potential antimicrobial agents: the design, solid phase peptide synthesis, in vitro biological evaluation, and molecular docking study. RSC Adv 2023; 13:24250-24263. [PMID: 37583660 PMCID: PMC10423974 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra04100j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A new library of peptide-heterocycle hybrids consisting of an indole-3-carboxylic acid constituent conjugated with short dipeptide motifs was designed and synthesized by using the solid phase peptide synthesis methodology. All the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Additionally, the synthesized compounds were subjected to in vitro antimicrobial activities. Two Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and two Gram-positive (Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) were used for the evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the targeted dipeptide derivatives. Good antibacterial activity was observed for the screened analogues by comparing their activities with that of ciprofloxacin, the standard drug. Also, two fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) were employed for the evaluation of the antifungal activity of the synthesized compounds. When compared to the standard drug Fluconazole, it was observed that the screened analogues exhibited good antifungal activity. In continuation, all the synthesized derivatives were subjected to integrated molecular docking studies and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate binding affinities, intermolecular interaction networks, and conformational flexibilities with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) gyrase and lanosterol-14-alpha demethylase. The molecular docking studies revealed that indole-3-carboxylic acid conjugates exhibited encouraging binding interaction networks and binding affinity with DNA gyrase and lanosterol-14 alpha demethylase to show antibacterial and antifungal activity, respectively. Such synthesis, biological activity, molecular dynamics simulations, and molecular docking studies of short peptides with an indole conjugate unlock the door for the near future advancement of novel medicines containing peptide-heterocycle hybrids with the ability to be effective as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil R Tivari
- Department of Chemistry, Marwadi University Rajkot-360003 Gujarat India
| | - Siddhant V Kokate
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato Noria Alta S/N, Guanajuato-36050 Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Enrique Delgado-Alvarado
- Micro and Nanotechnology Research Center, Universidad Veracruzana Blvd. Av. Ruiz Cortines No. 455 Fracc. Costa Verde Boca del Río 94294 Mexico
- Facultad de Ciencias Quimicas, Universidad Veracruzana Blvd. Av. Ruiz Cortines No. 455 Fracc. Costa Verde Boca del Río 94294 Mexico
| | - Manoj S Gayke
- Indrashil University Rajpur, Kadi Mehsana 382740 Gujarat India
| | - Amol Kotmale
- Department of Chemistry, Savitribai Phule Pune University Pune 411007 Maharashtra India
| | - Harun Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur District Dhule 425405 Maharashtra India
| | - Iqrar Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, R C. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Shirpur District Dhule 425405 Maharashtra India
| | | | - Siva G Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara College of Pharmacy Chittoor 517127 Andhra Pradesh India
| | - Bianey García Lara
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Guanajuato Noria Alta S/N, Guanajuato-36050 Guanajuato Mexico
| | - Vicky D Jain
- Department of Chemistry, Marwadi University Rajkot-360003 Gujarat India
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Nayana RUK, Nakkeeran S, Saranya N, Saravanan R, Mahendra K, Ashraf S, Perveen K, Alshaikh NA, Sayyed RZ, Show PL. Triamcinolone Acetonide Produced by Bacillus velezensis YEBBR6 Exerts Antagonistic Activity Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense: A Computational Analysis. Mol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12033-023-00797-w. [PMID: 37556108 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00797-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense is one of the most severe and threatening pathogens of bananas, causing "Panama wilt" worldwide. Confrontation assay of Foc antagonistic bacterial endophyte, Bacillus velezensis YEBBR6, with the Foc and GC-MS profiling of excised agar from the zone of inhibition, led to the unveiling of secondary metabolites produced by the endophyte. To refine the probable antifungal compounds among the numerous biomolecules formed during their di-trophic interaction with the pathogen, fungal protein targets were modeled, and docking studies (AutoDock Vina module of the PyRx 0.8 server) were done with all the compounds. Triamcinolone acetonide exhibited the most excellent affinity for the protein targets among the compounds studied. It had a maximum binding affinity of 11.2 kcal/mol for XRN2 (5' → 3'). Further, the protein-ligand complex formation kinetics was done through Molecular Dynamic Simulation studies. Graphs for the RMSD, RMSF, Rg, potential energy, and SASA were generated, and the values during the simulation period suggested the stability of the biomolecule as a complex with the protein. This indicated Triamcinolone acetonide's potential ability to act as a functional disrupter of the target protein and likely an antifungal molecule. Further, the biomolecule was tested for its activity against Foc by screening in the wet lab through the poisoned plate technique, and it was found to be fully inhibitory to the growth of the pathogen at 1000 ppm.
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Affiliation(s)
- R U Krishna Nayana
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - S Nakkeeran
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India.
| | - N Saranya
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - R Saravanan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - K Mahendra
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Suhail Ashraf
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641003, India
| | - Kahkashan Perveen
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla A Alshaikh
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box-22452, Riyadh, 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Z Sayyed
- Department of Microbiology, PSGVP Mandal's, S. I. Patil Arts, G.B. Patel Science and STKV Sangh Commerce College, Shahada, 425409, India.
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, 71800, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, Shakhbout Bin Sultan St - Zone 1, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Jalan Broga, 43500, Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
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Li T, Lv M, Wen H, Du J, Wang Z, Zhang S, Xu H. Natural products in crop protection: thiosemicarbazone derivatives of 3-acetyl-N-benzylindoles as antifungal agents and their mechanism of action. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023. [PMID: 36929618 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytopathogenic fungi can cause a direct loss in economic value of agriculture. Especially Valsa mali Miyabe et Yamada, a devastating phytopathogenic disease especially threatening global apple production, is very difficult to control and manage. To discover new potential antifungal agents, a series of thiosemicarbazone derivatives of 3-acetyl-N-benzylindoles were prepared. Their antifungal activities were first tested against six typically phytopathogenic fungi including Curvularia lunata, Valsa mali, Alternaria alternate, Fusarium graminearum, Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium solani. Then their mechanism of action against V. mali was investigated. RESULTS Derivatives displayed potent antifungal activity against V. mali. Notably, 3-acetyl-N-benzylindole thiosemicarbazone (IV-1: EC50 : 0.59 μg mL-1 ), whose activity was comparable to that of a commercial fungicide carbendazim (EC50 : 0.33 μg mL-1 ), showed greater than 98-fold antifungal activity of the precursor indole. Moreover, compound IV-1 displayed good protective and therapeutic effects on apple Valsa canker disease. By scanning electron microscope (SEM) and RNA-Seq analysis, it was demonstrated that compound IV-1 can destroy the hyphal structure and regulate the homeostasis of metabolism of V. mali via the ergosterol biosynthesis and autophagy pathways. CONCLUSION 3-Acetyl-N-(un)substituted benzylindoles thiosemicarbazones (IV-1-IV-5) can be studied as leads for further structural modification as antifungal agents against V. mali. Particularly, these ergosterol biosynthesis and autophagy pathways can be used as target receptors for design of novel green pesticides for management of congeneric phytopathogenic fungi. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Min Lv
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Houpeng Wen
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jiawei Du
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Shaoyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China
| | - Hui Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Borrego-Muñoz P, Cardenas D, Ospina F, Coy-Barrera E, Quiroga D. Second-Generation Enamine-Type Schiff Bases as 2-Amino Acid-Derived Antifungals against Fusarium oxysporum: Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, In Vitro Activity, 3D-QSAR, and In Vivo Effect. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010113. [PMID: 36675934 PMCID: PMC9866056 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, the synthesis of enamine-type Schiff bases 1−48 derived from the amino acids L-Ala, L-Tyr, and L-Phe was carried out. Their in vitro activity and in vivo protective effect against Fusarium oxysporum were also evaluated through mycelial growth inhibition and disease severity reduction under greenhouse conditions. The in vitro activity of test compounds 1−48 showed half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) at different levels below the 40 mM range. Deep analysis of the IC50 variations indicated that the size of the substituent on the acetylacetone derivatives and the electronic character on the cyclohexane-3-one fragment influenced the antifungal effect. 3D-QSAR models based on atoms (atom-based approach) were built to establish the structure−activity relationship of the test Schiff bases, showing a good correlation and predictive consistency (R2 > 0.70 and Q2 > 0.60). The respective contour analysis also provided information about the structural requirements for potentiating their antifungal activity. In particular, the amino acid-related fragment and the alkyl ester residue can favor hydrophobic interactions. In contrast, the nitrogen atoms and enamine substituent are favorable regions as H-donating and electron-withdrawing moieties. The most active compounds (40 and 41) protected cape gooseberry plants against F. oxysporum infection (disease severity index < 2), involving adequate physiological parameters (stomatal conductance > 150 mmol/m2s) after 45 days of inoculation. These promising results will allow the design of novel Schiff base-inspired antifungals using 2-amino acids as precursors.
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Chen F, Zhou L, Zhou B, Zhang S, Ma X, Zhou H, Tuo X. Elucidation on the interaction between transferrin and ascorbic acid: A study based on spectroscopic analysis, molecular docking technology, and antioxidant evaluation. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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9
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Borrego-Muñoz P, Becerra LD, Ospina F, Coy-Barrera E, Quiroga D. Synthesis ( Z) vs ( E) Selectivity, Antifungal Activity against Fusarium oxysporum, and Structure-Based Virtual Screening of Novel Schiff Bases Derived from l-Tryptophan. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:24714-24726. [PMID: 35874194 PMCID: PMC9301946 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c02614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Schiff bases are widely used molecules due to their potential biological activity. In this manuscript, we presented the synthesis and NMR study of new enamine Schiff bases derived from l-tryptophan, showing that the Z-form of the enamine is the main tautomeric form for aliphatic precursors. The DFT-B3LYP methodology at the 6-311+G**(d,p) level suggested that the tautomeric imine forms are less stable than the corresponding enamine forms. Their isomerism depends on the formation of intramolecular hydrogen bonds and steric factors associated with the starting carbonyl precursors. The in vitro biological activity tests against Fusarium oxysporum revealed that acetylacetone derivatives are the most active agents (IC50 < 0.9 mM); however, the antifungal activity could be disfavored by bulky groups on ester and enamine moieties. Finally, the structure-based virtual screening through molecular docking and MM-GBSA rescoring revealed that Schiff bases 3e, 3g, and 3j behave putatively as binders for target proteins involved in the life processes of F. oxysporum. In this sense, molecular dynamics analysis showed that the ligand-protein complexes have good stability with root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values within the allowed range. Therefore, the present study paves the way for designing new antifungal compounds based on l-tryptophan-derived Schiff bases.
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