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Hamzah MH, Mohd Basri MS, Maringgal B, Mohd Ali M, Wondi MH, Che Man H, Gatuk Abdulloh S. Exploring Dabai ( Canarium odontophyllum), Indigenous Fruit of Borneo: A Review of Nutritional Values, Potential Uses, Emerging Application in Essential Oil Processing, and Health Benefits. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2646. [PMID: 36235511 PMCID: PMC9572975 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dabai (Canarium odontophyllum) is a fruit-bearing plant native to Borneo. Its fruit is an indigenous seasonal fruit that is considered to be underutilized due to its short shelf life. However, new products have been developed to ensure a continuous supply of dabai fruit throughout the year. Hence, the exploration of dabai fruits in characterizations and utilization for food products and essential oil has expanded exponentially. This review addresses the nutritional values, health benefits, potential food products, and essential oil processing of dabai fruit. All parts of dabai fruit, such as the pulp, skin, and kernel, contain a considerable amount of bioactive compounds, dietary fiber, and nutrients. Moreover, dabai fruit has also been proven to have health benefits such as an antioxidant capacity, cholesterol reduction, diabetes type 2 prevention, and reduction in the risk of heart disease. Some potential dabai-based food products and oil processing of dabai are also highlighted. The future perspectives and challenges concerning the potential uses of dabai are critically addressed at the end of this review. Based on this review, it is proven that dabai has various health benefits and represents a potential breakthrough in the agricultural and food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hazwan Hamzah
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- SMART Farming Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Salahuddin Mohd Basri
- Department of Process and Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Halal Science Research, Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Bernard Maringgal
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Maimunah Mohd Ali
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hafizz Wondi
- Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Sarawak, Kampus Mukah, K.M 7.5 Jalan Oya, Mukah 96400, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Hasfalina Che Man
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- SMART Farming Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sukardi Gatuk Abdulloh
- Department of Agro-Industrial Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Universitas Brawijaya, Jl. Veteran, Malang 65145, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
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Salleh SF, Ajibola OO, Nolasco-Hipolito C, Husaini A, Zarrabal-Octavio C, Lihan S, Adeyinka GC, Rosli FR, Ahmed IA, Zayed MZ, Saat R. Fatty Acid Profile and Antioxidant Capacity of Dabai ( Canarium odontophyllum L.): Effect of Origin and Fruit Component. Molecules 2022; 27:3840. [PMID: 35744962 PMCID: PMC9227352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, the influence of geographical location on the fatty acid profiles, antioxidant potential, as well as cytotoxicity of edible dabai fruit fractions (kernel, skin, and pulp) were analyzed. The fatty acid profiles were determined by Gas Chromatography (GC), and the antioxidant activity was quantified with free 2,2-diphenyl-1-picr/ylhdrazyl, while the cytotoxicity was assessed by the brine shrimp lethality test. The results showed that the samples from Sibu, Serian, and Kapit geographical locations had a high content of the saturated fatty acids, ranging from 46.63% to 53.31% in the three fractions. The highest mono-saturated fatty acids (MUFA) content was found in Sibu. Serian and Kapit kernel fractions MUFA, however, ranged from 21.2% to 45.91%. No fatty acid composition was detected in Bentong and Kanowit. The fatty acid composition and DPPH free radical scavenging antioxidant activity of dabai were statistically independent using a multivariate analysis in different localities in Malaysia. The skin fraction had a more appreciable antioxidant potential and toxicity level than the pulp and kernel fractions. The highest antioxidant activity (EC50 198.76 ± 1.06 µg/mL) with an LC50 value of 1387.22 µg/mL was obtained from the Sibu skin fraction. Therefore, the fatty acid composition, antioxidant, as well as cytotoxicity analyses of the extracts from different localities indicated that "geographical location" remarkably influenced fatty acid composition, antioxidant activity, and toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanti Faridah Salleh
- Institute of Sustainable and Renewable Energy (ISuRE), University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia;
| | - Olaide Olawunmi Ajibola
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia; (A.H.); (F.R.R.); (R.S.)
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia;
- Department of Biochemistry, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Crilio Nolasco-Hipolito
- Institute of Biotechnology, University del Papaloapan, Circuito Central 200, Col. Parque Industrial, San Juan Bautista Tuxtepec 68301, Mexico;
| | - Ahmad Husaini
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia; (A.H.); (F.R.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Carvajal Zarrabal-Octavio
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Chemistry Area, University of Veracruz, Juan Pablo II s/n, Boca del Rio 94294, Mexico;
| | - Samuel Lihan
- Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia;
| | - Gbadebo Clement Adeyinka
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Mangosuthu University of Technology, Durban 4031, South Africa;
| | - Firdaus R. Rosli
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia; (A.H.); (F.R.R.); (R.S.)
| | - Idris Adewale Ahmed
- Center for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery, University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia;
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied Science, Lincoln University College, Kelana Jaya, Petaling Jaya 47301, Malaysia
| | - Mohamed Zaky Zayed
- Forestry and Wood Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture (EL-Shatby), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt;
| | - Rosmawati Saat
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, University Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan 94300, Malaysia; (A.H.); (F.R.R.); (R.S.)
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Kadir NAAA, Azlan A, Abas F, Ismail IS. Preliminary Evaluation of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extracted Dabai Pulp Oleoresin as a New Alternative Fat. Molecules 2021; 26:5545. [PMID: 34577016 PMCID: PMC8470883 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26185545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been growing interest among food scientists in producing a toxin-free fat as an end product with varying physical or nutritional properties of interest to the food industry. Oleoresin is a rich source of bioactive compounds which consumers can easily add to a large variety of food. Dabai (Canarium odontophyllum) pulp oleoresin (DPL) was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction, a green extraction technology. This study investigates the quality of SC-CO2 extracted DPL in discovering its potential as a new alternative fat. The extraction experiment was carried out at a pressure of 40 MPa and a temperature of 40 °C. DPL is a saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich fat due to its high SFA composition (47.72 ± 0.01%). In addition, the low content of peroxide value (PV) (5.60 ± 0.09 mEq/kg) and free fatty acids (FFA) (3.40 ± 0.03%) indicate the quality and stability of DPL for various applications besides food consumption. DPL also has a low slip melting point (SMP) (20.20 ± 0.03 °C), and HPLC-FID revealed that DPL contained 0.13 ± 0.02 mg/100 g of vitamin E (α-tocopherol), indicating its potential application as a solid fat with a bioactive compound. This present work demonstrates the possible prospect of DPL in the formulation of end products for food industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Atiqah Aizan Abdul Kadir
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Azrina Azlan
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Research Centre for Excellence for Nutrition and Non-Communicable Disease, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
- Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Faridah Abas
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Intan Safinar Ismail
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
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