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Hou K, Liu T, Li J, Xian M, Sun L, Wei J. Liquid-liquid phase separation regulates alpha-synuclein aggregate and mitophagy in Parkinson's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1250532. [PMID: 37781241 PMCID: PMC10536155 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1250532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the world, and alpha-synuclein (α-syn) abnormal aggregate and mitochondrial dysfunction play a crucial role in its pathological development. Recent studies have revealed that proteins can form condensates through liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS), and LLPS has been found to be widely present in α-syn aberrant aggregate and mitophagy-related protein physiological processes. This review summarizes the occurrence of α-syn LLPS and its influencing factors, introduces the production and transformation of the related protein LLPS during PINK1-Parkin-mediated mitophagy, hoping to provide new ideas and methods for the study of PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiying Hou
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jingwen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Meiyan Xian
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Lin Sun
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jianshe Wei
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Amundarain MJ, Vietri A, Dodero VI, Costabel MD. IDP Force Fields Applied to Model PPII-Rich 33-mer Gliadin Peptides. J Phys Chem B 2023; 127:2407-2417. [PMID: 36884001 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c00200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The 33-mer gliadin peptide and its deamidated metabolite, 33-mer DGP, are the immunodominant peptides responsible for the adaptive immune response in celiac disease (CD). CD is a complex autoimmune chronic disorder triggered by gluten ingestion that affects the small intestine and affects ∼1% of the global population. The 33-mers are polyproline II-rich (PPII) and intrinsically disordered peptides (IDPs), whose structures remain elusive. We sampled the conformational ensembles of both 33-mer peptides via molecular dynamics simulations employing two force fields (FFs) (Amber ff03ws and Amber ff99SB-disp) specifically validated for other IDPs. Our results show that both FFs allow the extensive exploration of the conformational landscape, which was not possible with the standard FF GROMOS53A6 reported before. Clustering analysis of the trajectories showed that the five largest clusters (78-88% of the total structures) present elongated, semielongated, and curved conformations in both FFs. Large average radius of gyration and solvent-exposed surfaces characterized these structures. While the structures sampled are similar, the Amber ff99SB-disp trajectories explored folded conformations with a higher probability. In addition, PPII secondary structure was preserved throughout the trajectories (58-73%) together with a non-negligible content of β structures (11-23%), in agreement with previous experimental results. This work represents the initial step in studying further the interaction of these peptides with other biologically relevant molecules, which could lead to finally disclose the molecular events that lead to CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Amundarain
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Física del Sur (IFISUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), CONICET, Avenida Leandro N. Alem 1253, B8000CPB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry III, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Agustín Vietri
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Física del Sur (IFISUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), CONICET, Avenida Leandro N. Alem 1253, B8000CPB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Verónica I Dodero
- Department of Chemistry, Organic Chemistry III, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marcelo D Costabel
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Física del Sur (IFISUR), Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), CONICET, Avenida Leandro N. Alem 1253, B8000CPB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Forloni G. Alpha Synuclein: Neurodegeneration and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065914. [PMID: 36982988 PMCID: PMC10059798 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alpha-Synuclein (α-Syn) is one of the most important molecules involved in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and related disorders, synucleinopathies, but also in several other neurodegenerative disorders with a more elusive role. This review analyzes the activities of α-Syn, in different conformational states, monomeric, oligomeric and fibrils, in relation to neuronal dysfunction. The neuronal damage induced by α-Syn in various conformers will be analyzed in relation to its capacity to spread the intracellular aggregation seeds with a prion-like mechanism. In view of the prominent role of inflammation in virtually all neurodegenerative disorders, the activity of α-Syn will also be illustrated considering its influence on glial reactivity. We and others have described the interaction between general inflammation and cerebral dysfunctional activity of α-Syn. Differences in microglia and astrocyte activation have also been observed when in vivo the presence of α-Syn oligomers has been combined with a lasting peripheral inflammatory effect. The reactivity of microglia was amplified, while astrocytes were damaged by the double stimulus, opening new perspectives for the control of inflammation in synucleinopathies. Starting from our studies in experimental models, we extended the perspective to find useful pointers to orient future research and potential therapeutic strategies in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluigi Forloni
- Department of Neuroscience, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Mario Negri 2, 20156 Milano, Italy
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The Role of Alpha-Synuclein Deposits in Parkinson's Disease: A Focus on the Human Retina. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24054391. [PMID: 36901822 PMCID: PMC10002434 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by the progressive deterioration of dopaminergic neurons in the central and peripheral autonomous system and the intraneuronal cytoplasmic accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein. The clinical features are the classic triad of tremor, rigidity, and bradykinesia and a set of non-motor symptoms, including visual deficits. The latter seems to arise years before the onset of motor symptoms and reflects the course of brain disease. The retina, by virtue of its similarity to brain tissue, is an excellent site for the analysis of the known histopathological changes of PD that occur in the brain. Numerous studies conducted on animal and human models of PD have shown the presence of α-synuclein in retinal tissue. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) could be a technique that enables the study of these retinal alterations in vivo. The objective of this review is to describe recent evidence on the accumulation of native or modified α-synuclein in the human retina of patients with PD and its effects on the retinal tissue evaluated through SD-OCT.
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Ebrahimzadeh Peer M, Fallahmohammadi Z, Akbari A. The effect of progressive endurance training and extract of black winter truffle on proteins levels and expression of hippocampus α-synuclein and HSF1 in the healthy and diabetic rats. Metabol Open 2023; 17:100232. [PMID: 36785616 PMCID: PMC9918783 DOI: 10.1016/j.metop.2023.100232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim The research aimed to investigate the effect of endurance running and T. Brumale extract on α-Syn and HSF1 in the brain and serum of healthy and diabetic rats. Methods A total of 40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups: Control (C), Exercise (E), Control-Tuber (T), Exercise-Tuber (ET), Control-Diabetes (D), Exercise-Diabetes (ED), Control-Diabetes-Tuber (CDT), and Exercise-Diabetes-Tuber (EDT). The endurance running was carried out five times per week for five weeks. The hippocampus and the serum α-Syn and HSF1 were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Results The brain α-Syn levels were higher in diabetic groups than in the healthy groups, but insignificantly (P ≤ 0.05). The brain α-Syn level significantly increased in the EDT group compared to the T group (P ≤ 0.05). The serum level of α-Syn in the ED group was significantly higher than in the E and D groups (P ≤ 0.05). The brain HSF1 level was significantly higher in the ED group compared to the D group (P ≤ 0.05). The gene expression of hsf1 was significantly reduced in the E group compared to the other groups and the EDT group compared to ED and CDT groups (P ≤ 0.05). Furthermore, the serum HSF1 level significantly increased in the ED group compared to the D group (P ≤ 0.05). Conclusion The results of this study suggest that progressive endurance running may improve neuroprotective conditions in diabetic patients by increasing HSF1 in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mojtaba Ebrahimzadeh Peer
- Exercise Physiology Department, Sports Sciences Faculty, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran Province, Iran
| | - Ziya Fallahmohammadi
- Exercise Physiology Department, Sports Sciences Faculty, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Mazandaran Province, Iran,Corresponding author
| | - Abolfazl Akbari
- Physiology Department, Veterinary Medicine School, University of Shiraz, Shiraz, Fars Province, Iran
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Xu CK, Castellana-Cruz M, Chen SW, Du Z, Meisl G, Levin A, Mannini B, Itzhaki LS, Knowles TPJ, Dobson CM, Cremades N, Kumita JR. The Pathological G51D Mutation in Alpha-Synuclein Oligomers Confers Distinct Structural Attributes and Cellular Toxicity. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041293. [PMID: 35209093 PMCID: PMC8879557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
A wide variety of oligomeric structures are formed during the aggregation of proteins associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Such soluble oligomers are believed to be key toxic species in the related disorders; therefore, identification of the structural determinants of toxicity is of upmost importance. Here, we analysed toxic oligomers of α-synuclein and its pathological variants in order to identify structural features that could be related to toxicity and found a novel structural polymorphism within G51D oligomers. These G51D oligomers can adopt a variety of β-sheet-rich structures with differing degrees of α-helical content, and the helical structural content of these oligomers correlates with the level of induced cellular dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cells. This structure–function relationship observed in α-synuclein oligomers thus presents the α-helical structure as another potential structural determinant that may be linked with cellular toxicity in amyloid-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine K. Xu
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; (C.K.X.); (M.C.-C.); (G.M.); (A.L.); (B.M.); (T.P.J.K.)
| | - Marta Castellana-Cruz
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; (C.K.X.); (M.C.-C.); (G.M.); (A.L.); (B.M.); (T.P.J.K.)
| | - Serene W. Chen
- Department of Life Sciences, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Zhen Du
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK; (Z.D.); (L.S.I.)
| | - Georg Meisl
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; (C.K.X.); (M.C.-C.); (G.M.); (A.L.); (B.M.); (T.P.J.K.)
| | - Aviad Levin
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; (C.K.X.); (M.C.-C.); (G.M.); (A.L.); (B.M.); (T.P.J.K.)
| | - Benedetta Mannini
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; (C.K.X.); (M.C.-C.); (G.M.); (A.L.); (B.M.); (T.P.J.K.)
| | - Laura S. Itzhaki
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK; (Z.D.); (L.S.I.)
| | - Tuomas P. J. Knowles
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; (C.K.X.); (M.C.-C.); (G.M.); (A.L.); (B.M.); (T.P.J.K.)
- Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - Christopher M. Dobson
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK; (C.K.X.); (M.C.-C.); (G.M.); (A.L.); (B.M.); (T.P.J.K.)
| | - Nunilo Cremades
- Institute for Biocomputation and Physics of Complex Systems (BIFI), University of Zaragoza, Mariano Esquillor, Edificio I+D+I, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Correspondence: (N.C.); (J.R.K.)
| | - Janet R. Kumita
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1PD, UK; (Z.D.); (L.S.I.)
- Correspondence: (N.C.); (J.R.K.)
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