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Shi Q, Li X, He J, Ye D, Tang H, Xuan J, Tang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y. Effects of Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. polysaccharide acid hydrolysate on glucose metabolism in diabetic mice under oxidative stress. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155485. [PMID: 38640854 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oxidative stress can lead to uncontrolled glucose metabolism and, thus, diabetes. Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. polysaccharides possess biological activities, such as antioxidant and hypoglycemic effects, but their mechanism of their acid hydrolysates on oxidative stress-injured glucose metabolism disorders is unclear. PURPOSE Using diabetic mice, we investigated the effect of the acid hydrolysate of polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. on improving diabetes. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The structural information of sample polysaccharides was measured by high performance gel permeation chromatography, nuclear magnetic resolution, and high performance liquid chromatography. The diabetic model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. For eight consecutive weeks, the mice were orally administered sample polysaccharides (100, 200, and 300 mg/kg b.w. per day) for intervention. The improvement effect of the samples on diabetes was explored by detecting the changes in biochemical indicators in mice, and the underlying mechanism was studied by transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis. RESULTS The results showed that acid hydrolysate of Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. polysaccharides consisted mainly of mannose, xylose, glucuronic acid, and glucose; its weight-averaged molecular weight was 6.3842 × 104 Dalton, its number average molecular weight was 2.9594 × 104 Dalton; and the molecule contained α-Glc(1→4)-, β-Glc(1→3)-, and β-Man(1→4)-linked glycosidic bonds. A total of 100 mg/kg b.w. per day sample was the best intervention concentration. After eight weeks of intervention, the sample polysaccharides significantly reduced dynamic blood glucose and serum lipids, enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities, promoted glucagon like peptide-1 and insulin secretion, improved insulin sensitivity and alleviated insulin resistance in diabetic mice. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses showed that sample polysaccharides was able to ameliorate disorders of glucose metabolism by modulating gene expression such as glucokinase; and modulate the state of oxidative stress in mice in vivo by regulating the glutathione metabolism pathway. CONCLUSION Acid hydrolysate of Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. polysaccharides improved glucose metabolism disorders by slowing down the oxidative stress injury in mice, thereby alleviating diabetes. This study provided a basis for determining the underlying mechanism of the antidiabetic effect of Auricularia auricula-judae (Bull.) Quél. polysaccharides, which would significantly improve the deep development and application of these materials in diabetes control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianwen Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Jiyuan He
- Liang Xin College, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Deting Ye
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Huinan Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Jinjie Xuan
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Yuxuan Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Yakun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China
| | - Yongjun Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310018, China.
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Xiang Y, Wang S, Huang H, Li X, Wei Y, Li H, Ji X. A novel endolysin from an Enterococcus faecalis phage and application. Microb Pathog 2024; 192:106689. [PMID: 38750777 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Enterococcus faecalis is the primary species detected in cases of secondary persistent infection resulting from root canal therapy failure. Due to the overuse of antibacterial agents, E. faecalis has developed resistance to these drugs, making it challenging to treat clinical diseases caused by E. faecalis infection. Therefore, there is an urgent need to explore new alternative drugs for treating E. faecalis infections. We aimed to clone and express the genes of phage endolysins, purify the recombinant proteins, and analyze their antibacterial activity, lysis profile, and ability to remove biofilm. The crude enzyme of phage endolysin pEF51 (0.715 mg/mL), derived from phage PEf771 infecting E. faecalis, exhibited superior bacterial inhibitory activity and a broader bactericidal spectrum than its parental phage PEf771. Furthermore, pEF51 demonstrated high efficacy in eliminating E. faecalis biofilm. Therapeutic results of the infected Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat model indicated that among 10 SD rats, only one developed a thoracic peritoneal abscess and splenic peritoneal abscess after 72 h of treatment with pEF51. This suggests that pEF51 could provide protection against E. faecalis infection in SD rats. Based on the 16S rDNA metagenomic data of the intestinal microbial community of SD rats, endolysin pEF51 exerted a certain influence on the diversity of intestinal microorganisms at the genus level. Thus, pEF51 may serve as a promising alternative to antibiotics in the management of E. faecalis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Xiang
- -Department of Stomatology, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Suping Wang
- -Life Science and Technology & Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Hao Huang
- -Department of Stomatology, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Xuelin Li
- -Department of Stomatology, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, 650031, China
| | - Yunlin Wei
- -Life Science and Technology & Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- -Life Science and Technology & Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xiuling Ji
- -Life Science and Technology & Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
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Gong P, Pei S, Long H, Yang W, Yao W, Li N, Wang J, Zhao Y, Chen F, Xie J, Guo Y. Potential inhibitory effect of Auricularia auricula polysaccharide on advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129856. [PMID: 38423908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
In this study, a novel polysaccharide, AAP-2S, was extracted from Auricularia auricula, and the anti-glycosylation effect of AAP-2S and its underlying mechanisms were investigated using an in vitro BSA-fructose model and a cellular model. The results demonstrated the inhibiting formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in vitro by AAP-2S. Concurrently, it attenuated oxidative damage to proteins in the model, preserved protein sulfhydryl groups from oxidation, reduced protein carbonylation, prevented structural alterations in proteins, and decreased the formation of β-crosslinked structures. Furthermore, AAP-2S demonstrated metal-chelating capabilities. GC-MS/MS-based metabolomics were employed to analyze changes in metabolic profiles induced by AAP-2S in a CML-induced HK-2 cell model. Mechanistic investigations revealed that AAP-2S could mitigate glycosylation and ameliorate cell fibrosis by modulating the RAGE/TGF-β/NOX4 pathway. This study provides a foundational framework for further exploration of Auricularia auricular polysaccharide as a natural anti-AGEs agent, paving the way for its potential development and application as a food additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin Gong
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Shuya Pei
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Hui Long
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wenjuan Yang
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Wenbo Yao
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Nan Li
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yanni Zhao
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Fuxin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Jianwu Xie
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - Yuxi Guo
- School of Food science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China; School of Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
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Zanfirescu A, Avram I, Gatea F, Roșca R, Vamanu E. In Vitro and In Vivo Antihyperglycemic Effects of New Metabiotics from Boletus edulis. Life (Basel) 2023; 14:68. [PMID: 38255683 PMCID: PMC10817235 DOI: 10.3390/life14010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing incidence of diabetes has prompted the need for new treatment strategies, including natural products that reduce glycemia values. This work examined the in vitro and in vivo antihyperglycemic effects of new metabiotics derived from Boletus edulis extracts. The metabiotics were obtained from 100% B. edulis, and two other products, CARDIO and GLYCEMIC, from Anoom Laboratories SRL, which contain other microbial species related to B. edulis. Our in vitro investigations (simulations of the microbiota of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D)) demonstrated that B. edulis extracts modulate the microbiota, normalizing its pattern. The effects were further tested in vivo, employing a mouse model of T2D. The tested extracts decreased glycemia values compared to the control and modulated the microbiota. The metabiotics had positive effects on T2D in vitro and in vivo, suggesting their potential to alleviate diabetes-associated microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Zanfirescu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Traian Vuia 6, 020956 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ionela Avram
- Department of Genetics, University of Bucharest, 36–46 Bd. M. Kogalniceanu, 5th District, 050107 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Florentina Gatea
- Centre of Bioanalysis, National Institute for Biological Sciences, 296 Spl. Independentei, 060031 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Răzvan Roșca
- Anoom Laboratories SRL, 18th Resita Str., ap. 58, 4th District, 024023 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Emanuel Vamanu
- Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, 011464 Bucharest, Romania
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Wang W, Zhai T, Luo P, Miao X, Wang J, Chen Y. Beneficial effects of silibinin on serum lipids, bile acids, and gut microbiota in methionine-choline-deficient diet-induced mice. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1257158. [PMID: 37867498 PMCID: PMC10587424 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1257158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and purpose Silibinin (SIL) is a flavonoid lignin isolated from the fruit and seeds of silybum marianum that exhibits good therapeutic potential for NASH. However, the effects of SIL on serum lipids, bile acids (BAs), and gut microbiota (GM) in NASH mice remain unknown. The present work aimed to explore the beneficial effects of SIL supplementation on serum lipids, bile acids, and gut microbiota in MCD mice. Experimental approach After male C57BL/6 mice were fed with a methionine-choline deficient (MCD) diet and simultaneously gavaged with SIL (20 mg/kg. d) for 8 weeks, the pathological changes of liver tissue were observed by oil red O, haematoxylin-eosin, and Masson tricolor staining; the levels of serum AST and ALT, and liver TG and MDA were detected by assay kits; metabonomics and 16S rDNA sequencing were used to analyze the composition of serum lipids and BAs and the abundance of GM; and the mRNA expression levels of hepatic genes related to BAs homeostasis were detected by RT-qPCR. Results The results indicated that SIL treatment decreased the levels of 26 lipids (including four arachidonic acids, seven FFAs, 12 acyl carnitines, and three GPs) and two BAs (23-DCA, GLCA), while Dubosiella increased the levels of 10 lipids (including TxB3, PG16:0_18:1, Cer t18:0/24:0 and 7 TGs), five BAs (β-MCA, α-MCA, UDCA, 3-oxo-DCA and HCA), and two GMs (Verrucomicrobiota and Akkermansiaceae) of MCD mice, but had no significant effect on the mRNA expression of CYP7A1, CYP27A1, Bsep, Mrp2, Ntcp, or Oatp1b2. Therefore, influencing GM composition and then regulating the levels of serum lipids and BAs through enterohepatic axis should be an important mechanism of SIL-induced alleviative effect on MCD mice. More importantly, we found that SIL had a good coordination in regulating the abundance of GM and the contents of serum lipids and BAs in MCD mice, that is, when the abundance of probiotics was up-regulated, the content of beneficial unsaturated fatty acids in serum was up-regulated, while the serum levels of harmful lipids and BAs were down-regulated. Conclusion The alleviating effect of SIL on NASH may be closely related to the correction of intestinal bacteria disorder, serum bile acid, and lipid metabolic disturbance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ting Zhai
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ping Luo
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xiaolei Miao
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Junjun Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Chen
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-throughput Drug Screening Technology, State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
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Zhou L, Song Y, Jiang Y, Wei Y, Jiang S, Chen Y, Ye J, Shao X. Physicochemical properties and anti-diabetic ability of polysaccharides from a thinned peach fruit. Food Funct 2023; 14:8876-8892. [PMID: 37698234 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03041e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Thinned peach fruit is a by-product with abundant yields. However, it is barely utilized. This study aimed to study the physicochemical properties and anti-diabetic ability of polysaccharides (PPSs) from a thinned peach fruit to investigate its application potential. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) characterizations were performed together with tests to determine rheology properties, monosaccharide composition, and molecular weight of the obtained polysaccharide. Moreover, the antioxidant activity, α-amylase inhibitory activity, binding abilities to bile salts, and effects on type 2 diabetic mice were analyzed. The results indicated that PPS consisted of two components with molecular weights of 287.38 kDa and 12.02 kDa, accounting for 89.83% and 10.17% of the composition, respectively. The dominant monosaccharides were galactose, galacturonic acid, and arabinose, exhibiting α-configurations. The concentration was positively related to the viscosity of PPS. As the temperature was increased from 25 °C to 37 °C and the pH from 2.0 to 7.0, the viscosity decreased. The IC50 values for scavenging DPPH and ABTS were around 0.22 and 1.47 mg mL-1. Also, PPS could inhibit α-amylase ability and bind bile salts. The administration of PPS significantly inhibited emaciation, organ damage, improved oral glucose tolerance and insulin resistance, enhanced the content of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and regulated blood lipid profiles and the composition and structure of colon microbiota in type-2 diabetic mice. These results provide new evidence for the potential of PPS as a bioactive ingredient with anti-diabetic properties for use in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
| | - Yu Song
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
| | - Yi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
| | - Yingying Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
| | - Shu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
| | - Jianfen Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
| | - Xingfeng Shao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang-Malaysia Joint Research Laboratory for Agricultural Product Processing and Nutrition, College of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China.
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Yang S, Yang H, Zhang Y. Yao-Shan of traditional Chinese medicine: an old story for metabolic health. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1194026. [PMID: 37663255 PMCID: PMC10468577 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1194026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CCVDs), hyperuricemia and gout, and metabolic-related sexual dysfunction are metabolic diseases that affect human health in modern society. Scientists have made great efforts to investigate metabolic diseases using cell models in vitro or animal models in the past. However, the findings from cells or animals are difficult to translate into clinical applications due to factors such as the in vitro and in vivo differences; the differences in anatomy, physiology, and genetics between humans and animals; and the differences in microbiome-host interaction. The Chinese have extensively used the medicated diet of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) (also named as Yao-Shan of TCM, Chinese Yao-Shan et al.) to maintain or improve cardiometabolic health for more than 2,200 years. These ancient classic diets of TCM are essential summaries of long-term life and clinical practices. Over the past 5 years, our group has made every effort to collect and sort out the classic Yao-Shan of TCM from the ancient TCM literature since Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period, especially these are involved in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, such as diabetes, NAFLD, CCVDs, hyperuricemia and gout, and sexual dysfunction. Here, we summarized and discussed the classic Yao-Shan of TCM for metabolic diseases according to the time recorded in the ancient literature, and revised the Latin names of the raw materials in these Yao-Shan of TCM. Moreover, the modern medicine evidences of some Yao-Shan of TCM on metabolic diseases have also been summarized and emphasized in here. However, the exact composition (in terms of ratios), preparation process, and dosage of many Yao-Shan are not standardized, and their main active ingredients are vague. Uncovering the mystery of Yao-Shan of TCM through modern biological and chemical strategies will help us open a door, which is ancient but now looks new, to modulate metabolic homeostasis and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangling Yang
- School of Health Sciences, Guangzhou Xinhua University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongzhi Yang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaxing Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Research Centre of Basic Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Pathogenesis and Therapy Research, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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