Terroir Influence on Polyphenol Metabolism from Grape Canes: A Spatial Metabolomic Study at Parcel Scale

Recent uses and applications of nuclear magnetic resonance, isotope ratio mass spectrometry and high-resolution mass spectrometry for authenticity and geographical origin of wines

The wine market is experiencing rapid growth and there is increasing interest in determining the geographical origin of wine. This information improves the consumer's perception of quality. Analytical tools using validated methodologies with up-to-date databases such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) are essential for wine authentication. NMR helps identify the chemical composition and origin of wines, offering high reproducibility and the ability to detect multiple metabolites simultaneously. IRMS determines the origin of wine based on carbon and oxygen isotope ratios, reflecting the climate and growing conditions of a region. HRMS identifies compounds and secondary metabolites in wine samples. These techniques should be used together to ensure accurate and reliable results. This review provides information on these spectroscopic techniques and their applications in wine analysis and authentication, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages.

Subregional pedoclimatic conditions with contrasted UV-radiation shape host-microbiome and metabolome phenotypes in the grape berry

This study used integrative omics to address the response of key elements of the grapevine holobiont to contrasted pedoclimatic conditions found in distinct subregions of Douro Valley (Portugal). A metabolic OPLS-DA model predicted with 100 % accuracy the geographic origin of berries; higher UV radiation, higher temperature and lower precipitation stimulated the accumulation of phenolic acids, flavonols and malvidin conjugates, in detriment of amino acids, organic acids, flavan-3-ols, proanthocyanidins and non-malvidin anthocyanins. Metabarcoding showed a trade-off between bacteria and fungal diversity among subregions, with Pseudomonas, Lactobacillus, Aspergillus and Penicillium acting as intraregional microbial markers. The high phenotypic plasticity of berries and the role of microbes in this process are relevant upon current projections for increased UV radiation and temperature in Southern European viticulture, in a climate change scenario, with predicted impacts on regional wine quality and on the development of adaptation strategies for resilient viticulture.

Comprehensive study of phenolic profile and biochemical activity of monovarietal red and white wines from Fruška Gora region, Serbia

This paper presents a comprehensive study of commercially available monovarietal red and white wines from Fruška Gora mountain in Serbia, conducted to characterize their chemical and biochemical properties. Namely, 72 wines of 18 different Vitis vinifera varieties, including international, domestic and autochthonous ones, were assessed. Phenolic profile of wines was determined qualitatively, using spectrophotometric methods, and quantitatively, using LC-MS/MS and HPLC-UV/VIS methods. Quantified phenolic compounds pointed out differences between red and white wines, where some compounds stood out as distinctive characteristic of analyzed varieties, while others served as chemotaxonomic markers of the Fruška Gora region. Antioxidant and inhibitory properties towards acetylcholinesterase were evaluated for all wines and their relation to phenolic composition was investigated. This study is valuable since chemical and biochemical properties of domestic and autochthonous Fruška Gora varieties are reported for the first time. Also, international varieties studied herein gave distinctive information about the terroir of Fruška Gora region, which is scarce in scientific literature.

Classification of grape seed residues from distillation industries in Europe according to the polyphenol composition highlights the influence of variety, geographical origin and color

Grape seed residues represent the raw material to produce several value-added products including polyphenol-rich extracts with nutritional and health attributes. Although the impact of variety and environmental conditions on the polyphenol composition in fresh berries is recognized, no data are available regarding grape seed residues. The chemical composition of grape seed residues from wine distilleries in France, Spain and Italy was characterized by mass spectrometry. Forty-two metabolites were identified belonging to non-galloylated and galloylated procyanidins as well as amino acids. Polyphenol concentrations in the red varieties originated from Champagne or Veneto were twice higher than in white varieties from the Loire Valley. The chemical profiles of grape seed residues were mainly classified according to the color variety with galloylated procyanidins as biomarkers of white varieties and non-galloylated procyanidins as biomarkers of red ones. The present approach might assist the selection of grape seed residues as quality raw materials for the production of polyphenol-rich extracts.