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Taghiyari HR, Antov P, Soltani A, Ilies DC, Nadali E, Lee SH, Grama V, Simona T. Effects of sepiolite addition to acrylic-latex paint on pull-off adhesion strength in nanosilver-impregnated and thermally-modified beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4168. [PMID: 38378787 PMCID: PMC10879499 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54451-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepiolite is a silicate mineral that improves the fire properties in solid wood when mixed with a water-based coating. The present study was carried out to investigate and evaluate the effects of sepiolite addition to acrylic-latex paint on the pull-off adhesion strength, as an important characteristic of paints and finishes used in the modern furniture industry and historical furniture as well for preservation and restoration of heritage objects. Sepiolite was added at the rate of 10%, and brushed onto plain-sawn beech (Fagus orientalis L.) wood specimens, unimpregnated and impregnated with a 400 ppm silver nano-suspension, which were further thermally modified at 185 °C for 4 h. The results showed that thermal modification had a decreasing effect on the pull-off adhesion strength, primarily as a result of the thermal degradation of cell-wall polymers (mostly hemicelluloses). Still, a decreased wettability as a result of condensation and plasticization of lignin was also partially influential. Based on the obtained results,thermal modification was found to have a significant influence on pull-off adhesion strength. Sepiolite addition had a decreasing effectin all treatments, though the effect was not statistically significant in all treatments. The maximum and minimum decreases due to sepiolite addition were observed in the unimpregnated control (21%) and the thermally-modified NS-impregnated (4%) specimens. Other aspects of the sepiolite addition, and further studies that cover different types of paints and coatings, should be evaluated before coming to a final firm conclusion in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R Taghiyari
- Wood Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Materials Engineering &Interdisciplinary Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU), Tehran, 16788-15811, Iran.
| | - Petar Antov
- Department of Mechanical Wood Technology, Faculty of Forest Industry, University of Forestry, 1797, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Abolfazl Soltani
- Department of Civil Engineering - Geotechnics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University (SRTTU), Tehran, 16788-15811, Iran
| | - Dorina Camelia Ilies
- Department of Geography, Tourism, and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Geography, Tourism, and Sport, University of Oradea, 410087, Oradea, Romania.
| | - Elham Nadali
- Department of Wood & Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, 77871-31587, Iran
| | - Seng Hua Lee
- Department of Wood Industry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Cawangan Pahang, 26400, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Biopolymer and Derivatives, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Product, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Vasile Grama
- Department of Geography, Tourism, and Territorial Planning, Faculty of Geography, Tourism, and Sport, University of Oradea, 410087, Oradea, Romania
| | - Tripa Simona
- Department of Textiles, Leather and Industrial Management, Faculty of Energy Engineering and Industrial Management, University of Oradea, 410058, Oradea, Romania
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Papadopoulos AN. Nanotechnology and Wood Science. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:691. [PMID: 36839059 PMCID: PMC9966417 DOI: 10.3390/nano13040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology, in a sense, is not entirely a new concept [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios N Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Wood Chemistry and Technology, Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, International Hellenic University, GR-661 00 Drama, Greece
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Cullari LL, Ligati Schleifer S, Kogan D, Ziskind G, Regev O. Down the Dimensionality Lane: Thermal Conductivity Enhancement in Carbon-Based Liquid Dispersions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:9844-9854. [PMID: 35138787 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Carbon allotropes of different dimensionality, i.e., 1D-carbon nanotubes, 2D-graphene nanoplatelets, and 3D-graphite, possess high thermal conductivity (TC > 2000 W/m K). They are, therefore, excellent candidates for filler material aiming at increasing the TC of composites used for thermal management. However, preparing aqueous dispersions of these materials is challenging due to their strong van der Waals attraction, leading to aggregation and subsequent precipitation. Reported dispersion methodologies have failed to disperse large microscale fillers, which are essential for efficient thermal management. In this work, we suggest to "kinetically arrest" the dispersion by using sepiolite, a fiberlike clay, that effectively disperses all three carbon dimensionalities. We explore the effect of filler dimensionality and properties (lateral size, thickness, defect density) on the dispersion TC enhancement. Modeling the TC by the effective medium approach allows lumping all the intrinsic properties of the filler into a single parameter termed "effective TC", providing an accurate prediction of the experimentally measured TC. We show that, by judicious choice of filler, the TC of both water and a water-ethylene glycol mixture can be enhanced by 31% using graphene nanoplatelets of 15 μm in lateral size. We believe that the guidelines obtained in this work provide a useful tool for designing future liquid composites with enhanced thermal properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Luciano Cullari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Shani Ligati Schleifer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - David Kogan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
| | - Gennady Ziskind
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Oren Regev
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
- The Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel
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Thermal Behavior of a Light Timber-Frame Wall vs. a Theoretical Simulation with Various Insulation Materials. JOURNAL OF COMPOSITES SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jcs6010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this paper is to compare the thermal behavior of a light frame timber wall by measuring 15 test samples with various insulation materials versus a theoretical simulation with the use of a software. This work establishes the variance between the two different methods to measure the thermal transmittance coefficient of timber walls. It is verified that the mean percentage alteration between the two methods is 4.25%. Furthermore, this approach proved that with the use of a simulation software, additional readings (humidity, vapor flux, heat flux, and vapor pressure) can also be considered and measured, enhancing the overall development of a timber wall. This can provide additional information regarding to the characteristics of the masonry’s elements assisting in an improved design of a timber wall with upgraded performance.
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Effects of Wollastonite on Fire Properties of Particleboard Made from Wood and Chicken Feather Fibers. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11050518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present study was carried out primarily to investigate the fire properties of particleboards with 5% and 10% feather content. With regard to the flammability of chicken feathers, separate sets of panels were produced with 10% wollastonite content to determine to what extent it could help mitigate the negative effects of the addition of flammable feathers on the fire properties. It was concluded that the inclusion of 5% of chicken feathers can be considered the optimum level, enough to procure part of the ever-growing needs for new sources of raw material in particleboard manufacturing factories, without sacrificing the important fire properties. Moreover, the addition of 10% wollastonite is recommended to significantly improve the fire properties, making the panels more secure in applications with higher risks of fire. It is further stated thata chicken feather content of 10% is not recommended as it significantly deteriorates all properties (including physical, mechanical, and fire properties).
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Thermal Transmittance, Dimensional Stability, and Mechanical Properties of a Three-Layer Laminated Wood Made from Fir and Meranti and Its Potential Application for Wood-Frame Windows. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11030304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this paper was to investigate the physical (thermal transmittance and dimensional stability) and mechanical properties of two types of three layer laminated wood made from fir and meranti; fir in surface layers and meranti in core (FMF) and vice versa (MFM) and to examine its potential application for wood-frame windows. An additional objective was to compare the properties of the laminated wood with those of solid wood, namely meranti and fir. Both types of laminated wood had by far substantial lower bending properties than solid wood. MFM laminated wood performed better than the FMF as far as the physical and mechanical properties are concerned. Water absorption and thickness swelling of MFM laminated wood were substantially lower than those of the FMF type, and all the differences were statistically significant. Longitudinal width swelling, and bending properties of MFM laminated wood were higher than those of FMF but these differences were not statistically significant. The thermal transmittance (rate of the heat transferred) of the FMF window is 13.3% better (less) compared to the MFM window. The main reason for this is believed to be the lower overall density of the FMF window, which also makes it more competitive as a result of the reduced manufacturing cost since fir is less expensive compared tomeranti. It was concluded that wood-frame windows can be successfully made from these types of laminated wood, employing therefore easily renewable materials, with low environmental impact, recyclable and manageable in the medium term.
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Papadopoulos AN. Advances in Wood Composites II. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1552. [PMID: 32668781 PMCID: PMC7407872 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The main advantage of wood composites is that they can be designed for specific performance requirements or specific qualities, since they are man-made [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonios N Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Wood Chemistry and Technology, Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, International Hellenic University, GR-661 00 Drama, Greece
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Potential Use of Wollastonite as a Filler in UF Resin Based Medium-Density Fiberboard (MDF). Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12071435. [PMID: 32605051 PMCID: PMC7408164 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Urea-formaldehyde (UF) resins are primary petroleum-based, increasing their potential environmental footprint. Identifying additives to reduce the total amount of resin needed without adversely affecting the panel properties could reduce these impacts. Wollastonite is a mineral containing calcium and silica that has been used as an additive in a variety of materials and may be useful as a resin extender. Nanoscale wollastonite has been shown to enhance the panel properties but is costly. Micron-scale wollastonite may be a less costly alternative. Medium-density fiberboards were produced by blending a hardwood furnish with UF alone, micron-sized wollastonite alone, or a 9:1 ratio of UF to wollastonite. Panels containing of only wollastonite had poor properties, but the properties of panels with 9:1 UF/wollastonite were similar to the UF-alone panels, except for the internal bond strength. The results suggest that small amounts of micron-sized wollastonite could serve as a resin extender. Further studies are suggested to determine if the micron-sized material has similar positive effects on the resin curing rate.
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Heat Treatment of Pine Wood: Possible Effect of Impregnation with Silver Nanosuspension. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11040466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The scope of the present work was to study the effects of heat treatment (at different mild temperatures) on the physicomechanical properties of pine wood, and to find out if impregnation with nanosilver may have any potential influence on the impact of heat treatment. Impregnation of wood with a 400-ppm silver nanosuspension was carried out under an initial vacuum pressure of 0.07 MPa, followed by a pressure of 0.25 MPa for thirty minutes, before heat treatment. Heat treatment was carried out under hot air at three relatively mild temperatures, 145, 165, and 185 °C. Results showed improvement of some properties in heat-treated wood at 145 °C. This was indicative of the improving impact caused by hornification and irreversible hydrogen bonding in the course of water movements due to heat treatment; significant fluctuations in the intensities of FTIR spectra bands at 1750–1500 cm−1 were corroborating evidence of chemical alterations in hemicellulose polymer. The high mass loss at temperature 185 °C, and the extreme thermal degradation thereof, overcame the improving effects of hornification and formation of irreversible hydrogen bonds, consequently mechanical properties decreased significantly. Interaction of different elements involved made it hard to predict properties in specimens modified at 165 °C. Impregnation of specimens with nanosilver suspension resulted in significant increase of mass loss in specimens heat-treated at 185 °C, and significant fluctuations in properties of specimens heat-treated at 145 °C.
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Taghiyari HR, Majidi R, Esmailpour A, Samadi YS, Jahangiri A, Papadopoulos AN. Engineering Composites Made from Wood and Chicken Feather Bonded with UF Resin Fortified with Wollastonite: A Novel Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12040857. [PMID: 32272812 PMCID: PMC7240470 DOI: 10.3390/polym12040857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Wood-composite panel factories are in shortage of raw materials; therefore, finding new sources of fibers is vital for sustainable production. The effects of chicken feathers, as a renewable source of natural fibers, on the physicomechanical properties of medium-density fiberboard (MDF) and particleboard panels were investigated here. Wollastonite was added to resin to compensate possible negative effects of chicken feathers. Only feathers of the bodies of chickens were added to composite matrix at 5% and 10% content, based on the dry weight of the raw material, particles or fibers. Results showed significant negative effects of 10%-feather content on physical and mechanical properties. However, feather content of 5% showed some promising results. Addition of wollastonite to resin resulted in the improvement of some physical and mechanical properties. Wollastonite acted as reinforcing filler in resin and improved some of the properties; therefore, future studies should be carried out on the reduction of resin content. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) demonstrated the formation of new bonds between wollastonite and carbohydrate polymers in the wood cell wall. It was concluded that chicken feathers have potential in wood-composite panel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid R. Taghiyari
- Wood Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Materials Engineering and New Technologies, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 1678815811, Iran;
- Correspondence: (H.R.T.); (A.N.P.)
| | - Roya Majidi
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 1678815811, Iran; (R.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Ayoub Esmailpour
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 1678815811, Iran; (R.M.); (A.E.)
| | - Younes Sarvari Samadi
- Faculty of Wood Technology and Construction, Rosenheim University of Applied Sciences, Rosenheim 83024, Germany;
| | - Asghar Jahangiri
- Wood Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Materials Engineering and New Technologies, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran 1678815811, Iran;
| | - Antonios N. Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Wood Chemistry and Technology, Department of Forestry and Natural Environment, International Hellenic University, GR-661 00 Drama, Greece
- Correspondence: (H.R.T.); (A.N.P.)
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Fluid Flow in Nanosilver-Impregnated Heat-Treated Beech Wood in Different Mediums. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10061919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Specific gas permeability of beech wood was determined and compared with values obtained after nanosilver-impregnation and heat-treatment in three mediums of air, water, and water steam at 150 °C for four durations of 1, 2, 3, and 4 h. Separate sets of specimens for each group were prepared and impregnated with a 400 ppm aqueous nanosilver suspension. The results revealed that the effect of heat treatment in hot-air depended on the duration of treatment. Hydrothermal treatment generally increased gas permeability, this was attributed to the dissolving of extractives in the hot water medium, although lower duration of one hour did not significantly change permeability. Hygrothermal treatment increased gas permeability at all four durations, revealing its effectiveness as a pre-treatment to improve penetration of preservatives and fire-retardants into wood texture in wood preservation industry. High thermal conductivity of silver nanoparticles intensified the effects of heat treatment in all mediums.
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