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Li Q, Yan F, Texter J. Polymerized and Colloidal Ionic Liquids─Syntheses and Applications. Chem Rev 2024; 124:3813-3931. [PMID: 38512224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The breadth and importance of polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) are steadily expanding, and this review updates advances and trends in syntheses, properties, and applications over the past five to six years. We begin with an historical overview of the genesis and growth of the PIL field as a subset of materials science. The genesis of ionic liquids (ILs) over nano to meso length-scales exhibiting 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D topologies defines colloidal ionic liquids, CILs, which compose a subclass of PILs and provide a synthetic bridge between IL monomers (ILMs) and micro to macro-scale PIL materials. The second focus of this review addresses design and syntheses of ILMs and their polymerization reactions to yield PILs and PIL-based materials. A burgeoning diversity of ILMs reflects increasing use of nonimidazolium nuclei and an expanding use of step-growth chemistries in synthesizing PIL materials. Radical chain polymerization remains a primary method of making PILs and reflects an increasing use of controlled polymerization methods. Step-growth chemistries used in creating some CILs utilize extensive cross-linking. This cross-linking is enabled by incorporating reactive functionalities in CILs and PILs, and some of these CILs and PILs may be viewed as exotic cross-linking agents. The third part of this update focuses upon some advances in key properties, including molecular weight, thermal properties, rheology, ion transport, self-healing, and stimuli-responsiveness. Glass transitions, critical solution temperatures, and liquidity are key thermal properties that tie to PIL rheology and viscoelasticity. These properties in turn modulate mechanical properties and ion transport, which are foundational in increasing applications of PILs. Cross-linking in gelation and ionogels and reversible step-growth chemistries are essential for self-healing PILs. Stimuli-responsiveness distinguishes PILs from many other classes of polymers, and it emphasizes the importance of segmentally controlling and tuning solvation in CILs and PILs. The fourth part of this review addresses development of applications, and the diverse scope of such applications supports the increasing importance of PILs in materials science. Adhesion applications are supported by ionogel properties, especially cross-linking and solvation tunable interactions with adjacent phases. Antimicrobial and antifouling applications are consequences of the cationic nature of PILs. Similarly, emulsion and dispersion applications rely on tunable solvation of functional groups and on how such groups interact with continuous phases and substrates. Catalysis is another significant application, and this is an historical tie between ILs and PILs. This component also provides a connection to diverse and porous carbon phases templated by PILs that are catalysts or serve as supports for catalysts. Devices, including sensors and actuators, also rely on solvation tuning and stimuli-responsiveness that include photo and electrochemical stimuli. We conclude our view of applications with 3D printing. The largest components of these applications are energy related and include developments for supercapacitors, batteries, fuel cells, and solar cells. We conclude with our vision of how PIL development will evolve over the next decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - John Texter
- Strider Research Corporation, Rochester, New York 14610-2246, United States
- School of Engineering, Eastern Michigan University, Ypsilanti, Michigan 48197, United States
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Wang R, Fang C, Yang L, Li K, Zhu K, Liu G, Chen J. The Novel Ionic Liquid and Its Related Self‐Assembly in the Areas of Energy Storage and Conversion. SMALL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/smsc.202200048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Runtong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem) Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Chengdong Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem) Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Le Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem) Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem) Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Kailing Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem) Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem) Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces Innovation Laboratory for Sciences and Technologies of Energy Materials of Fujian Province (IKKEM) Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials (iChem) Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Xiamen University Xiamen Fujian 361005 China
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3
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Liu C, Raza F, Qian H, Tian X. Recent advances in poly(ionic liquid)s for biomedical application. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2524-2539. [PMID: 35411889 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00046f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ionic liquid)s (PILs) are polymers containing ions in their side-chain or backbone, and the designability and outstanding physicochemical properties of PILs have attracted widespread attention from researchers. PILs have specific characteristics, including negligible vapor pressure, high thermal and chemical stability, non-flammability, and self-assembly capabilities. PILs can be well combined with advanced analytical instruments and technology and have made outstanding contributions to the development of biomedicine aiding in the continuous advancement of science and technology. Here we reviewed the advances of PILs in the biomedical field in the past five years with a focus on applications in proteomics, drug delivery, and development. This paper aims to engage pharmaceutical and biomedical scientists to full understand PILs and accelerate the progress from laboratory research to industrialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxia Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Faisal Raza
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan, Road, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Hai Qian
- Center of Drug Discovery, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tongjiaxiang, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China. .,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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4
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Imidazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)/ionic liquid solutions: Rheology, structuration and ionic transport properties. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.124305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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5
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Wang PH, Tseng LH, Li WC, Lin CH, Wen TC. Zwitterionic semi-IPN electrolyte with high ionic conductivity and high modulus achieving flexible 2.4 V aqueous supercapacitors. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ghosh K, Srivastava SK. Enhanced Supercapacitor Performance and Electromagnetic Interference Shielding Effectiveness of CuS Quantum Dots Grown on Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:4582-4596. [PMID: 33644566 PMCID: PMC7905797 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c05034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
This study is focused on the preparation of the CuS/RGO nanocomposite via the hydrothermal method using GO and Cu-DTO complex as precursors. X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study revealed the formation of the CuS/RGO nanocomposite with improved crystallinity, defective nanostructure, and the presence of the residual functional group in the RGO sheet. The morphological study displayed the transformation of CuS from nanowire to quantum dots with the incorporation of RGO. The galvanostatic charge/discharge curve showed that the CuS/RGO nanocomposite (12 wt % Cu-DTO complex) has tremendous and outperforming specific capacitance of 3058 F g-1 at 1 A g-1 current density with moderate cycling stability (∼60.3% after 1000 cycles at 10 A g-1). The as-prepared nanocomposite revealed excellent improvement in specific capacitance, cycling stability, Warburg impedance, and interfacial charge transfer resistance compared to neat CuS. The fabricated nanocomposites were also investigated for their bulk DC electrical conductivity and EMI shielding ability. It was observed that the CuS/RGO nanocomposite (9 wt % Cu-DTO) exhibited a total electromagnetic shielding efficiency of 64 dB at 2.3 GHz following absorption as a dominant shielding mechanism. Such a performance is ascribed to the presence of interconnected networks and synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalyan Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian
Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Wang PH, Lin CH, Tseng LH, Wen TC. Superior hydrogel electrolytes in both ionic conductivity and electrochemical window from the immobilized pair ions for carbon-based supercapacitors. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2021.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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8
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Röchow ET, Coeler M, Pospiech D, Kobsch O, Mechtaeva E, Vogel R, Voit B, Nikolowski K, Wolter M. In Situ Preparation of Crosslinked Polymer Electrolytes for Lithium Ion Batteries: A Comparison of Monomer Systems. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1707. [PMID: 32751500 PMCID: PMC7466031 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Solid polymer electrolytes for bipolar lithium ion batteries requiring electrochemical stability of 4.5 V vs. Li/Li+ are presented. Thus, imidazolium-containing poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) networks were prepared by crosslinking UV-photopolymerization in an in situ approach (i.e., to allow preparation directly on the electrodes used). The crosslinks in the network improve the mechanical stability of the samples, as indicated by the free-standing nature of the materials and temperature-dependent rheology measurements. The averaged mesh size calculated from rheologoical measurements varied between 1.66 nm with 10 mol% crosslinker and 4.35 nm without crosslinker. The chemical structure of the ionic liquid (IL) monomers in the network was varied to achieve the highest possible ionic conductivity. The systematic variation in three series with a number of new IL monomers offers a direct comparison of samples obtained under comparable conditions. The ionic conductivity of generation II and III PIL networks was improved by three orders of magnitude, to the range of 7.1 × 10-6 S·cm-1 at 20 °C and 2.3 × 10-4 S·cm-1 at 80 °C, compared to known poly(vinylimidazolium·TFSI) materials (generation I). The transition from linear homopolymers to networks reduces the ionic conductivity by about one order of magnitude, but allows free-standing films instead of sticky materials. The PIL networks have a much higher voltage stability than PEO with the same amount and type of conducting salt, lithium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). GII-PIL networks are electrochemically stable up to a potential of 4.7 V vs. Li/Li+, which is crucial for a potential application as a solid electrolyte. Cycling (cyclovoltammetry and lithium plating-stripping) experiments revealed that it is possible to conduct lithium ions through the GII-polymer networks at low currents. We concluded that the synthesized PIL networks represent suitable candidates for solid-state electrolytes in lithium ion batteries or solid-state batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eike T. Röchow
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (E.T.R.); (O.K.); (R.V.); (B.V.)
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Matthias Coeler
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Keramische Technologien und Systeme IKTS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany; (M.C.); (K.N.); (M.W.)
| | - Doris Pospiech
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (E.T.R.); (O.K.); (R.V.); (B.V.)
| | - Oliver Kobsch
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (E.T.R.); (O.K.); (R.V.); (B.V.)
| | - Elizaveta Mechtaeva
- Department of High-Molecular Compounds Chemistry, St. Petersburg University, Universitetskaya Emb., 7/9, Saint-Petersburg 199034, Russia;
| | - Roland Vogel
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (E.T.R.); (O.K.); (R.V.); (B.V.)
| | - Brigitte Voit
- Leibniz-Institut für Polymerforschung Dresden e.V., Hohe Str. 6, 01069 Dresden, Germany; (E.T.R.); (O.K.); (R.V.); (B.V.)
- Organic Chemistry of Polymers, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristian Nikolowski
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Keramische Technologien und Systeme IKTS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany; (M.C.); (K.N.); (M.W.)
| | - Mareike Wolter
- Fraunhofer-Institut für Keramische Technologien und Systeme IKTS, Winterbergstr. 28, 01277 Dresden, Germany; (M.C.); (K.N.); (M.W.)
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9
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Pan S, Yao M, Zhang J, Li B, Xing C, Song X, Su P, Zhang H. Recognition of Ionic Liquids as High-Voltage Electrolytes for Supercapacitors. Front Chem 2020; 8:261. [PMID: 32432074 PMCID: PMC7214745 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The electrochemical stability of electrolytes is essential to the working potential of supercapacitors. Ionic liquids (ILs) are being considered as safe alternatives to current organic electrolytes and attracting extensive interests owing to their inflammability, widened potential windows, and superior ionic conductivity. Novel supercapacitors with IL electrolytes exhibit attractive energy density and can be utilized in various energy storage systems. Most previous studies focused on electrochemical performances, while rare attentions were devoted to energy storage process details or mechanisms. This review comprehensively summarizes the latest progress on formulated IL electrolytes for different types of supercapacitors, with an emphasis on the intrinsic understanding of the related energy storage mechanisms. Subsequently, comparisons of various IL-based liquid-state electrolytes as well as the state-of-the-art advancements in optimizing ILs electrolytes are introduced. The authors attempt to reveal the inherent correlation between the usage of IL electrolytes and the properties of supercapacitors via referenced works. Some emerging applications of ionogel electrolytes based on conventional polymers and poly(IL)s for flexible supercapacitors are also presented, including the existing problems. In addition, challenges and future perspectives of research in this field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Yao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahe Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bosen Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Chunxian Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianli Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Peipei Su
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ionic Liquids Clean Process, CAS Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.,Hebei Institute of Process Innovation Co. Ltd, Langfang, China
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Mubarak S, Dhamodharan D, B. Kale M, Divakaran N, Senthil T, P. S, Wu L, Wang J. A Novel Approach to Enhance Mechanical and Thermal Properties of SLA 3D Printed Structure by Incorporation of Metal-Metal Oxide Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10020217. [PMID: 32012680 PMCID: PMC7074857 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Silver (Ag) ornamented TiO2 semiconducting nanoparticles were synthesized through the sol-gel process to be utilized as nanofillers with photo resin to enhance the mechanical and thermal properties of stereolithography 3D printed objects. The as-prepared Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles (Ag-TNP) were typified and qualified by XRD, XPS, Raman, and FESEM; TEM analysis dissected the morphologies. The enhancement in the tensile and flexural strengths of SLR/Ag-TNP nanocomposites was noted as 60.8% and 71.8%, respectively, at the loading content of 1.0% w/w Ag-TNP within the SLR (stereolithography resin) matrix. Similarly, the thermal conductivity and thermal stability were observed as higher for SLR/Ag-TNP nanocomposites, equated to neat SLR. The nanoindentation investigation shows an excerpt hike in reduced modulus and hardness by the inclusion of Ag-TNP. The resulted thermal analysis discloses that the introduction of Ag-TNP can appreciably augment the glass transition temperature (Tg), and residual char yield of SLR nanocomposites remarkably. Hence, the significant incorporation of as-prepared Ag-TNP can act as effective nanofillers to enhance the thermal and mechanical properties of photo resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Mubarak
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructure, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.M.); (D.D.); (M.B.K.); (N.D.); (S.P.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Duraisami Dhamodharan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructure, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.M.); (D.D.); (M.B.K.); (N.D.); (S.P.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Manoj B. Kale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructure, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.M.); (D.D.); (M.B.K.); (N.D.); (S.P.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nidhin Divakaran
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructure, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.M.); (D.D.); (M.B.K.); (N.D.); (S.P.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - T. Senthil
- Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Chennai 600032, India;
| | - Sathiyanathan P.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructure, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.M.); (D.D.); (M.B.K.); (N.D.); (S.P.)
| | - Lixin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructure, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.M.); (D.D.); (M.B.K.); (N.D.); (S.P.)
- National Engineering Research Center for Optoelectronic Crystalline Materials, Fuzhou 350002, China
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianlei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructure, and Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.M.); (D.D.); (M.B.K.); (N.D.); (S.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (J.W.)
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Mubarak S, Dhamodharan D, Divakaran N, Kale MB, Senthil T, Wu L, Wang J. Enhanced Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Stereolithography 3D Printed Structures by the Effects of Incorporated Controllably Annealed Anatase TiO 2 Nanoparticles. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10010079. [PMID: 31906295 PMCID: PMC7022956 DOI: 10.3390/nano10010079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of low-cost, durable and efficient metal oxide nanocomposites were successfully synthesized and reinforced with photo-resin via 3-dimensional printing. Here, we put forward a novel approach to enhance the mechanical and thermal behaviors of stereolithography (SLA) 3D printed architecture by adding TiO2 nanoparticles (TNPs) in different crystalline phases (anatase and rutile), which were obtained at different annealing temperatures from 400 °C to 1000°C. The heat-treated anatase TNPs were scrutinized by X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Raman spectroscopy, diffusive reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Among all the samples, at 800 °C, annealed anatase TNPs exposed a highly crystalline anatase phase, having a low energy bandgap and a comparably high tensile strength (47.43 MPa) and high elastic modulus (2.261 GPa) for the 3D printed samples, showing improvement by 103% and 32%, respectively, compared with the printed pristine stereolithography resin (SLR) sample. Moreover, enhanced storage modulus and tan δ values were achieved via the better interfacial interactions between the incorporated nanofillers and the SLR matrix. In addition to this, enhanced thermal conductivity and thermal stability of the SLR matrix were also noted. The low energy bandgap and nanoscale size of the fillers helped to achieve good dispersion and allowed the UV light to penetrate at a maximum depth through the photo resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Mubarak
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.M.); (D.D.); (N.D.); (M.B.K.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Duraisami Dhamodharan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.M.); (D.D.); (N.D.); (M.B.K.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Nidhin Divakaran
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.M.); (D.D.); (N.D.); (M.B.K.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Manoj B. Kale
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.M.); (D.D.); (N.D.); (M.B.K.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - T. Senthil
- Advanced Research School for Technology and Product Simulation, Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology, Chennai 600032, India;
| | - Lixin Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.M.); (D.D.); (N.D.); (M.B.K.)
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (J.W.)
| | - Jianlei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Design and Assembly of Functional Nanostructures, Fujian Key Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.M.); (D.D.); (N.D.); (M.B.K.)
- Correspondence: (L.W.); (J.W.)
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12
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Zhang SY, Zhuang Q, Zhang M, Wang H, Gao Z, Sun JK, Yuan J. Poly(ionic liquid) composites. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49:1726-1755. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cs00938d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This review highlights recent advances in the development of poly(ionic liquid)-based composites for diverse materials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Yun Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering
| | - Qiang Zhuang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- School of Science
- Northwestern Polytechnical University
- Xi'an
- P. R. China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Stockholm University
- 10691 Stockholm
- Sweden
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials (Ministry of Education)
- Institute of Polymer Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Nankai University
- Tianjin
| | - Zhiming Gao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Jian-Ke Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Beijing Institute of Technology
- Beijing
- P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Yuan
- Department of Materials and Environmental Chemistry
- Stockholm University
- 10691 Stockholm
- Sweden
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13
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Iftikhar H, Sonai GG, Hashmi SG, Nogueira AF, Lund PD. Progress on Electrolytes Development in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1998. [PMID: 31234406 PMCID: PMC6631186 DOI: 10.3390/ma12121998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been intensely researched for more than two decades. Electrolyte formulations are one of the bottlenecks to their successful commercialization, since these result in trade-offs between the photovoltaic performance and long-term performance stability. The corrosive nature of the redox shuttles in the electrolytes is an additional limitation for industrial-scale production of DSSCs, especially with low cost metallic electrodes. Numerous electrolyte formulations have been developed and tested in various DSSC configurations to address the aforementioned challenges. Here, we comprehensively review the progress on the development and application of electrolytes for DSSCs. We particularly focus on the improvements that have been made in different types of electrolytes, which result in enhanced photovoltaic performance and long-term device stability of DSSCs. Several recently introduced electrolyte materials are reviewed, and the role of electrolytes in different DSSC device designs is critically assessed. To sum up, we provide an overview of recent trends in research on electrolytes for DSSCs and highlight the advantages and limitations of recently reported novel electrolyte compositions for producing low-cost and industrially scalable solar cell technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haider Iftikhar
- New Energy Technologies Group, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Gabriela Gava Sonai
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Solar Energy, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Syed Ghufran Hashmi
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto Startup Center, A-Grid, Otakaari 5, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.
| | - Ana Flávia Nogueira
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology and Solar Energy, Chemistry Institute, University of Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Peter David Lund
- New Energy Technologies Group, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Espoo, Finland.
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14
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Hu J, Dai H, Zeng Y, Yang Y, Wang H, Zhu X, Li L, Zhou G, Chen R, Guo L. A Cross-Linker-Based Poly(Ionic Liquid) for Sensitive Electrochemical Detection of 4-Nonylphenol. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9040513. [PMID: 30986975 PMCID: PMC6523804 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we report a cross-linker-based poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) for the sensitive detection of 4-nonylphenol (4-NP). PIL was poly(1,4-butanediyl-3,3′-bis-l-vinylimidazolium dibromide) (poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)). Poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) was prepared via one-step free-radical polymerization. The poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) was characterized by infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analyzer and scanning electron microscope. The poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) was then drop-cast onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to obtain poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/GCE. In comparison with a bare GCE, poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/GCE exhibited higher peak current responses for [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−, lower charge transfer resistance, and larger effective surface area. While comparing the peak current responses, we found the peak current response for 4-NP using poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/GCE to be 3.6 times higher than a traditional cross-linker ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) based poly(EGDMA) modified GCE. The peak current of poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2) sensor was linear to 4-NP concentration from 0.05 to 5 μM. The detection limit of 4-NP was obtained as 0.01 μM (S/N = 3). The new PIL based electrochemical sensor also exhibited excellent selectivity, stability, and reusability. Furthermore, the poly([V2C4(mim)2]Br2)/GCE demonstrated good 4-NP detection in environmental water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213016, China.
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Hao Dai
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213016, China.
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Yanbo Zeng
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Yiwen Yang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Hailong Wang
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Xudong Zhu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Lei Li
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Guobao Zhou
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China.
| | - Ruoyu Chen
- School of Petrochemical Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213016, China.
| | - Longhua Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory for Analytical Science of Food Safety and Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Analysis and Detection Technology for Food Safety, Institute of Nanomedicine and Nanobiosensing, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
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15
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Noh HJ, Sadhasivam T, Jung DS, Lee K, Han M, Kim JY, Jung HY. Poly(styrene)-supported N-heterocyclic carbene coordinated iron chloride as a catalyst for delayed polyurethane polymerization. RSC Adv 2018; 8:37339-37347. [PMID: 35557808 PMCID: PMC9089435 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07677d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An advanced organometallic catalyst based on N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) coordinated FeCl3 has been synthesized and used to control the reaction rate in polyurethane (PUR) polymerization. The imidazolium (Im)-based NHC was functionalized on the surface of the supporting material of bead-type chloromethyl polystyrene (PS) resin. The PS-Im-FeCl3 catalyst was synthesized through the coordination reaction between Im and FeCl3. The successful formation, functional groups, structure, and geometry of the PS-Im-FeCl3 catalysts were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. A thin layer of Im was observed to be coated uniformly on the PS bead surface and FeCl3 nanoparticles were observed to cover the coating layer homogeneously, as determined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements. The PUR polymerization reaction was investigated through viscosity measurements and non-isothermal activation energy calculations by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Based on the viscosity measurements, delayed PUR polymerization was achieved using the PS-Im-FeCl3 catalyst system. The highest viscosity (6000 cP) was achieved without any catalyst, with triphenylene bismuth, and with the PS-Im-FeCl3 catalyst after 23, 5, and 25 h of reaction time, respectively. Furthermore, the calculated activation energies (E a) were 27.92 and 36.35 kJ mol-1 for the no-catalyst and the PS-Im-FeCl3 systems, respectively. Thus, the viscosity measurements and DSC analyses confirm that the PS-Im-FeCl3 catalyst considerably increases the PUR reaction time. The Im-FeCl3 catalyst supported by CMPS can control the reaction rate in PUR synthesis because of its high activity. Thus, the PS-Im-FeCl3 catalyst can be used as a curing retardant in the PUR industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jun Noh
- Department of Environment & Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - T Sadhasivam
- Department of Environment & Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
- Center for Energy Storage System, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Sung Jung
- Department of Environment & Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Keundeuk Lee
- 4th R&D Institute 2nd Directorate Agency for Defence Development Yuseoung P. O. Box 35 Daejeon 34186 Korea
| | - Mingu Han
- 4th R&D Institute 2nd Directorate Agency for Defence Development Yuseoung P. O. Box 35 Daejeon 34186 Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University Samcheok Kangwon 25913 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Jung
- Department of Environment & Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
- Center for Energy Storage System, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
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