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Choi W, Lee M, Yong H, Heo D, Jun T, Ryu H, Kim JY, Cui D, Ryu DY, Lee SY, Choi SH, Kim BS, Kim J, Jung SY, Lee S, Hong J. Anisotropic Liesegang pattern for the nonlinear elastic biomineral-hydrogel complex. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadl3075. [PMID: 38669324 PMCID: PMC11051667 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The Liesegang pattern is a beautiful natural anisotropic patterning phenomenon observed in rocks and sandstones. This study reveals that the Liesegang pattern can induce nonlinear elasticity. Here, a Liesegang-patterned complex with biomineral-hydrogel repetitive layers is prepared. This Liesegang-patterned complex is obtained only when the biomineralization is performed under the supersaturated conditions. The Liesegang-patterned complex features a nonlinear elastic response, whereas a complex with a single biomineral shell shows a linear behavior, thus demonstrating that the Liesegang pattern is essential in achieving nonlinear elasticity. The stiff biomineral layers have buffered the concentrated energy on behalf of soft hydrogels, thereby exposing the hydrogel components to reduced stress and, in turn, enabling them to perform the elasticity continuously. Moreover, the nonlinear elastic Liesegang-patterned complex exhibits excellent stress relaxation to the external loading, which is the biomechanical characteristic of cartilage. This stress relaxation allows the bundle of fiber-type Liesegang-patterned complex to endure greater deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woojin Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Milae Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungseok Yong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Deokjae Heo
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-ang University, 84, Heukserok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesuk Jun
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanwook Ryu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-ang University, 84, Heukserok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yeong Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dingyun Cui
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Du Yeol Ryu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Young Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Choi
- Department of Orthodontics, Institute of Craniofacial Deformity, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Su Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyu Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Yong Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangmin Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Chung-ang University, 84, Heukserok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkee Hong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, College of Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
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Han DH, Lee G, Oh U, Choi Y, Park JK. Evaluation of Fluid Behaviors in a Pushbutton-Activated Microfluidic Device for User-Independent Flow Control. Micromachines (Basel) 2024; 15:465. [PMID: 38675276 PMCID: PMC11052212 DOI: 10.3390/mi15040465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Although numerous studies have been conducted to realize ideal point-of-care testing (POCT), the development of a user-friendly and user-independent power-free microfluidic platform is still a challenge. Among various methods, the finger-actuation method shows a promising technique that provides a user-friendly and equipment-free way of delivering fluid in a designated manner. However, the design criteria and elaborate evaluation of the fluid behavior of a pushbutton-activated microfluidic device (PAMD) remain a critical bottleneck to be widely adopted in various applications. In this study, we have evaluated the fluid behavior of the PAMD based on various parameters, such as pressing velocity and depth assisted by a press machine. We have further developed a user-friendly and portable pressing block that reduces user variation in fluid behavior based on the evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hyun Han
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (D.H.H.); (G.L.); (U.O.); (Y.C.)
| | - Gihyun Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (D.H.H.); (G.L.); (U.O.); (Y.C.)
| | - Untaek Oh
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (D.H.H.); (G.L.); (U.O.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yejin Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (D.H.H.); (G.L.); (U.O.); (Y.C.)
| | - Je-Kyun Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; (D.H.H.); (G.L.); (U.O.); (Y.C.)
- KI for Health Science and Technology, KAIST Institutes (KI), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KI for NanoCentury, KAIST Institutes (KI), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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Baek SH, Hwang EH, Hur GH, Kim G, An YJ, Park JH, Hong JJ. Intranasal administration enhances size-dependent pulmonary phagocytic uptake of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2024; 9:12. [PMID: 38358577 PMCID: PMC10869321 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00227-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanoparticles exhibit distinct behaviours within the body, depending on their physicochemical properties and administration routes. However, in vivo behaviour of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles, especially when administered nasally, remains unexplored; furthermore, there is a lack of comparative analysis of uptake efficiency among different administration routes. Therefore, here, we aimed to comprehensively investigate the real-time in vivo behaviour of PLGA nanoparticles across various administration routes. PLGA-NH2 nanoparticles of three sizes were synthesised using an oil-in-water single-emulsion method. We assessed their uptake by murine macrophage RAW264.7 cells using fluorescence microscopy. To enable real-time tracking, we conjugated p-SCN-Bn-deferoxamine to PLGA-NH2 nanoparticles and further radiolabelled them with 89Zr-oxalate before administration to mice via different routes. Nanoparticle internalisation by lung immune cells was monitored using fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis. RESULTS The nanoparticle sizes were 294 ± 2.1 (small), 522.5 ± 5.58 (intermediate), and 850 ± 18.52 nm (large). Fluorescent labelling did not significantly alter the nanoparticle size and charge. The level of uptake of small and large nanoparticles by RAW264.7 cells was similar, with phagocytosis inhibition primarily reducing the internalisation of large particles. Positron emission tomography revealed that intranasal delivery resulted in the highest and most targeted pulmonary uptake, whereas intravenous administration led to accumulation mainly in the liver and spleen. Nasal delivery of large nanoparticles resulted in enhanced uptake by myeloid immune cells relative to lymphoid cells, whereas dendritic cell uptake initially peaked but declined over time. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides valuable insights into advancing nanomedicine and drug delivery, with the potential for expanding the clinical applications of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Ho Baek
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Chengwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ha Hwang
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Chengwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Green Kim
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Chengwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - You Jung An
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Chengwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Hak Park
- Department of Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Joo Hong
- National Primate Research Centre, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yeongudanji-ro, Ochang-eup, Chengwon-gu, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk, 28116, Republic of Korea.
- KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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Oh H, Lee G, Oh M. A Drop-and-Drain Method for Convenient and Efficient Fabrication of MOF/Fiber Composites. Small 2024:e2306543. [PMID: 38196152 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
The fabrication of flexible composites by integrating metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with flexible substrates is a critical strategy for developing advanced materials with excellent feasibility and processability. These flexible MOF-based composites play a particularly important role in the separation and purification processes. However, several drawbacks remain challenge to overcome such as long processing time, high-cost, complicated processes, or harsh reaction conditions. In this paper, a convenient and efficient method is reported for fabricating MOF/fiber composites using a simple drop-and-drain (D&D) process. By exploiting the electrostatic interactions between the positively charged MOF particles and negatively charged fiber-based flexible substrates, a uniform coating of MOF on flexible fibers are achieved. This is accomplished by allowing the MOF ink to drop and drain through a substrate using a custom-made Teflon cell. Additionally, the D&D method enables the production of multiple layers of composites in a single-step process. UiO-66 and ZIF-8 submicroparticles and various substrates such as cotton-pad, cotton-fabric, nylon-fabric, PET-fabric, and filter-paper are employed to create flexible MOF/fiber composites. These composites demonstrate outstanding capacities for capturing negatively charged organic dyes, including methyl orange and indigo carmine. Furthermore, the MOF/fiber composites can be reused for dye capture after a simple washing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjeong Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhyun Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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Seo H, Jeong YS, Bae J, Choi K, Seo MH. Detection of Micrometer-Sized Virus Aerosols by Using a Real-Time Bioaerosol Monitoring System. Biosensors (Basel) 2024; 14:27. [PMID: 38248404 PMCID: PMC10813430 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates a real-time handheld bioaerosol monitoring system for the detection of biological particles using UV-LED and light-induced fluorescence technology. Biological particles produce both scattering and fluorescence signals simultaneously, which can help distinguish them from general particles. The detected scattering, fluorescence, and simultaneous signals are then converted into photon signals and categorized based on predetermined criteria. A reliable biological particle generator was required to validate the performance of the system. This study explores the use of an M13 bacteriophage as a virus simulant of biological agents and employs a customized inkjet aerosol generator to produce M13 bacteriophage aerosols of a specific size by controlling the concentration of M13. We confirmed that micro-sized, narrowly dispersed M13 aerosols were efficiently generated. Additionally, we confirmed the performance of this real-time handheld bioaerosol monitoring system by detecting viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Seo
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Advanced Defense Science and Technology Research Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea; (H.S.); (J.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Young-Su Jeong
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Advanced Defense Science and Technology Research Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea; (H.S.); (J.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Jaekyung Bae
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Advanced Defense Science and Technology Research Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea; (H.S.); (J.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Kibong Choi
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Advanced Defense Science and Technology Research Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea; (H.S.); (J.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Moon-Hyeong Seo
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea;
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Kim J, Park K, Kim K, Noh J, Kim SG, Yang E, Cho HK, Lee SH, No JS, Lee GY, Lee D, Song DH, Gu SH, Park MS, Cho NH, Jeong ST, Kim WK, Song JW. High-resolution phylogeographical surveillance of Hantaan orthohantavirus using rapid amplicon-based Flongle sequencing, Republic of Korea. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29346. [PMID: 38178580 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Orthohantaviruses, etiological agents of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, pose a critical public health threat worldwide. Hantaan orthohantavirus (HTNV) outbreaks are particularly endemic in Gyeonggi Province in northern area of the Republic of Korea (ROK). Small mammals were collected from three regions in the Gyeonggi Province during 2017 and 2018. Serological and molecular prevalence of HTNV was 25/201 (12.4%) and 10/25 (40%), respectively. A novel nanopore-based diagnostic assay using a cost-efficient Flongle chip was developed to rapidly and sensitively detect HTNV infection in rodent specimens within 3 h. A rapid phylogeographical surveillance of HTNV at high-resolution phylogeny was established using the amplicon-based Flongle sequencing. In total, seven whole-genome sequences of HTNV were newly obtained from wild rodents collected in Paju-si (Gaekhyeon-ri) and Yeoncheon-gun (Hyeonga-ri and Wangnim-ri), Gyeonggi Province. Phylogenetic analyses revealed well-supported evolutionary divergence and genetic diversity, enhancing the resolution of the phylogeographic map of orthohantaviruses in the ROK. Incongruences in phylogenetic patterns were identified among HTNV tripartite genomes, suggesting differential evolution for each segment. These findings provide crucial insights into on-site diagnostics, genome-based surveillance, and the evolutionary dynamics of orthohantaviruses to mitigate hantaviral outbreaks in HFRS-endemic areas in the ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongwoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Park
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kijin Kim
- Centre for Infectious Disease Genomics and One Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Juyoung Noh
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Gyu Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunyoung Yang
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Lee
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun No
- Division of High-Risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesang Lee
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Song
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hun Gu
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Viral Diseases, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam-Hyuk Cho
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Tae Jeong
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Research, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Choi JH, Kim SH, Kang HE, Kim M, Choi Y, Yoon YS. Enhanced Thermal Stability and Conductivity of FeF 3 Using Ni-Coated Carbon Composites: Application as High-Temperature Cathodes in Thermal Batteries. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:3089. [PMID: 38132986 PMCID: PMC10745831 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Cathode active materials and conductive additives for thermal batteries operating at high temperatures have attracted research interest, with a particular focus on compounds offering high thermal stability. Recently, FeF3 has been proposed as a candidate for high-voltage cathode materials; however, its commercialization is hindered by its low conductivity. In this study, conductive additives, such as Ni-coated carbon composites (multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon black (CB)), were utilized to enhance the thermal stability and conductivity of FeF3. The incorporation of metal-carbon conductive additives in the FeF3 composite increased the thermal stability by more than 10 wt.% and ensured high capacity upon conductivity enhancement. The FeF3@Ni/MWCB 15 wt.% composite containing 30 wt.% Ni exhibited a discharge capacity of ∼86% of the theoretical capacity of 712 mAh/g. The use of Ni-coated carbon-based conductive additives will allow the application of FeF3 as an effective high-temperature cathode material for thermal batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hyeok Choi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.H.K.); (H.E.K.)
| | - Su Hyeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.H.K.); (H.E.K.)
| | - Ha Eun Kang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.H.K.); (H.E.K.)
| | - Minu Kim
- Defense Materials and Energy Development Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34060, Republic of Korea;
| | - Yusong Choi
- Defense Materials and Energy Development Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34060, Republic of Korea;
- Department of Defense System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Soo Yoon
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.C.); (S.H.K.); (H.E.K.)
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Oh S, Lee S, Lee G, Oh M. Boosted ability of ZIF-8 for early-stage adsorption and degradation of chemical warfare agent simulants. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:6449-6457. [PMID: 38024321 PMCID: PMC10662003 DOI: 10.1039/d3na00807j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Efficient adsorption of hazardous substances from the environment is crucial owing to the considerable risks they pose to both humans and ecosystems. Consequently, the development of porous materials with strong adsorption capabilities for hazardous substances, such as chemical warfare agents (CWAs), is pivotal for safeguarding human lives. Specifically, the early-stage adsorption proficiency of the adsorbents plays a vital role in determining their effectiveness as ideal adsorbents. Herein, we report the efficient adsorption of CWA simulants using thermally treated ZIF-8 (T-ZIF-8). The T-ZIF-8 samples were prepared by subjecting ZIF-8 to a simple thermal treatment, which resulted in a more positive surface charge with extra open metal sites. Although the pore volume of T-ZIF-8 decreased after thermal treatment, the positive surface charge of T-ZIF-8 proved advantageous for the adsorption of the CWA simulants. As a result, the adsorption capacity of T-ZIF-8 for the CWA simulants improved compared to that of pure ZIF-8. Notably, T-ZIF-8 exhibited a remarkably enhanced adsorption ability in the early stage of exposure to the CWA simulants, possibly due to the effective polar interactions between T-ZIF-8 and the simulants via the electron-rich components within the CWA simulants. Moreover, the enhanced adsorption capacity of T-ZIF-8 led to the fast degradation of simulant compared to pure ZIF-8. T-ZIF-8 also demonstrated excellent stability over three adsorption cycles. These findings highlight that T-ZIF-8 is an outstanding material for the early-stage adsorption and degradation of CWA simulants, offering high effectiveness and stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea +82-2-364-7050 +82-2-2123-5637
| | - Sujeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea +82-2-364-7050 +82-2-2123-5637
| | - Gihyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea +82-2-364-7050 +82-2-2123-5637
| | - Moonhyun Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University 50 Yonsei-ro Seodaemun-gu Seoul 03722 Republic of Korea +82-2-364-7050 +82-2-2123-5637
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9
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Kim N, Park C, Cho S, Jeong B, Jung J. Decomposition of Thermally Stable Fuel Using a Cerium-Modified Zeolite Catalyst and Endothermic Characteristics. ACS Omega 2023; 8:43130-43138. [PMID: 38024696 PMCID: PMC10652258 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c06669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The increase in the speed of aircraft causes a thermal load in the system. A cooling system is needed to solve this. Proactively, research is being conducted to cool the thermal load through the endothermic reaction of aircraft fuel. The decomposition of thermally stable fuel was performed using a lanthanide-modified zeolite as a catalyst, which was coated onto metal foam and the inner wall of a tube reactor to confirm the endothermic characteristics of the catalytic decomposition reaction. When a cerium-modified zeolite was used, the heat sink was increased to 1100Btu/lb and showed excellent performance for the cracking reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nari Kim
- Kyonggi
University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanho Park
- Kyonggi
University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Subeen Cho
- Kyonggi
University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghun Jeong
- Agency
for Defense Development, 160, Bugyuseong-daero 488beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34060, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihoon Jung
- Kyonggi
University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
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10
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Kim SH, Choi JH, Park SH, Ahn TY, Cheong HW, Yoon YS. FeF 3/(Acetylene Black and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube) Composite for Cathode Active Material of Thermal Battery through Formation of Conductive Network Channels. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2783. [PMID: 37887934 PMCID: PMC10609788 DOI: 10.3390/nano13202783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Considerable research is being conducted on the use of FeF3 as a cathode replacement for FeS2 in thermal batteries. However, FeF3 alone is inefficient as a cathode active material because of its low electrical conductivity due to its wide bandgap (5.96 eV). Herein, acetylene black and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were combined with FeF3, and the ratio was optimized. When acetylene black and MWCNTs were added separately to FeF3, the electrical conductivity increased, but the mechanical strength decreased. When acetylene black and MWCNTs were both added to FeF3, the FeF3/M1AB4 sample (with 1 wt.% MWCNTs and 4% AB) afforded a discharge capacity of approximately 74% of the theoretical capacity (712 mAh/g) of FeF3. Considering the electrical conductivity and mechanical strength, this composition was confirmed to be the most suitable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hyeong Kim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Ji-Hyeok Choi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.H.P.)
| | - So Hyun Park
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.H.P.)
| | - Tae Young Ahn
- Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hae-Won Cheong
- Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young Soo Yoon
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Republic of Korea; (S.H.K.); (J.-H.C.); (S.H.P.)
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11
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Luo M, Lee SS. Inverse design of optical lenses enabled by generative flow-based invertible neural networks. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16416. [PMID: 37775534 PMCID: PMC10541419 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43698-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Developing an optical geometric lens system in a conventional way involves substantial effort from designers to devise and assess the lens specifications. An expeditious and effortless acquisition of lens parameters satisfying the desired lens performance requirements can ease the workload by avoiding complex lens design process. In this study, we adopted the Glow, a generative flow model, which utilizes latent Gaussian variables to effectively tackle the issues of one-to-many mapping and information loss caused by dimensional disparities between high-dimensional lens structure parameters and low-dimensional performance metrics. We developed two lenses to tailor the vertical field of view and magnify the horizontal coverage range using two Glow-based invertible neural networks (INNs). By directly inputting the specified lens performance metrics into the proposed INNs, optimal inverse-designed lens specifications can be obtained efficiently with superb precision. The implementation of Glow-assisted INN approach is anticipated to significantly streamline the optical lens design workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglong Luo
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Shin Lee
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Lee J, Lim DD, Park J, Lee J, Noh D, Gu GX, Choi W. Multifunctionality of Additively Manufactured Kelvin Foam for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption and Load Bearing. Small 2023:e2305005. [PMID: 37688312 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Rationally engineered porous structures enable lightweight broadband electromagnetic (EM) wave absorbers for countering radar signals or mitigating EM interference between multiple components. However, the scalability of such structures has been hindered by their limited mechanical properties resulting from low density. Herein, an additively manufactured Kelvin foam-based EM wave absorber (KF-EMA) is reported that exhibits multifunctionality, namely EM wave absorption and light-weighted load-bearing structures with constant relative stiffness made possible using bending-dominated lattice structures. Based on tuning design parameters, such as the backbone structures and constituent materials, the proposed KF-EMA features a multilayered 3D-printed design with geometrically optimized KF structures made of carbon black-based backbone composites. The developed KF-EMA demonstrated an absorbance greater than 90% at frequencies ranging from 5.8 to 18 GHz (average EM wave absorption rates of 95.89% and maximum of 99.1% at 15.8 GHz), while the low-density structures of the absorber (≈200 kg m-3 ) still maintained a compression index between the stiffness and relative density (n = 2) under compression. The design strategy paves the way for using metamaterials as mechanically reinforced EM wave absorbers that enable multifunctionality by optimizing unit-cell parameters through a single and low-density structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongwoo Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dahyun Daniel Lim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jinwoo Park
- Department of Materials and Energy Centre, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong P. O. Box 35, Daejeon, 34060, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaemin Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dowon Noh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Grace X Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Wonjoon Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, 02841, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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13
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Ransing AA, Dhavale RP, Parale VG, Bangi UKH, Choi H, Lee W, Kim J, Wang Q, Phadtare VD, Kim T, Jung WK, Park HH. One-Pot Sol-Gel Synthesis of Highly Insulative Hybrid P(AAm-CO-AAc)-Silica Aerogels with Improved Mechanical and Thermal Properties. Gels 2023; 9:651. [PMID: 37623106 PMCID: PMC10454204 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Silica aerogels and their derivatives have outstanding thermal properties with exceptional values in the thermal insulation industry. However, their brittle nature restricts their large-scale commercialization. Thus, enhancing their mechanical strength without affecting their thermal insulating properties is essential. Therefore, for the first time, highly thermally stable poly(acrylamide-co-acrylic acid) partial sodium salt is used as a reinforcing polymer to synthesize hybrid P(AAm-CO-AAc)-silica aerogels via epoxy ring-opening polymerization in the present study. Functional groups in P(AAm-CO-AAc) partial sodium salts, such as CONH2 and COOH, acted as nucleophiles for the epoxy ring-opening reaction with (3-glycidyloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane, which resulted in a seven-fold enhancement in mechanical strength compared to that of pristine silica aerogel while maintaining thermal conductivity at less than 30.6 mW/mK and porosity of more than 93.68%. Moreover, the hybrid P(AAm-CO-AAc)-silica aerogel demonstrated improved thermal stability up to 343 °C, owing to the synergetic effect between the P(AAm-CO-AAc) and the silica aerogel, corresponding to the thermal stability and strong covalent bonding among them. These excellent results illustrate that this new synthetic approach for producing hybrid P(AAm-CO-AAc)-silica aerogels is useful for enhancing the mechanical strength of pristine silica aerogel without impairing its thermal insulating property and shows potential as an industrial heat insulation material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshay A. Ransing
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (A.A.R.); (R.P.D.); (V.G.P.); (H.C.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Q.W.); (V.D.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Rushikesh P. Dhavale
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (A.A.R.); (R.P.D.); (V.G.P.); (H.C.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Q.W.); (V.D.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Vinayak G. Parale
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (A.A.R.); (R.P.D.); (V.G.P.); (H.C.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Q.W.); (V.D.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Uzma K. H. Bangi
- Department of Physics, School of Physical Sciences, Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University, Solapur—Pune National Highway, Solapur 413 255, Maharashtra, India;
| | - Haryeong Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (A.A.R.); (R.P.D.); (V.G.P.); (H.C.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Q.W.); (V.D.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Wonjun Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (A.A.R.); (R.P.D.); (V.G.P.); (H.C.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Q.W.); (V.D.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Jiseung Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (A.A.R.); (R.P.D.); (V.G.P.); (H.C.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Q.W.); (V.D.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (A.A.R.); (R.P.D.); (V.G.P.); (H.C.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Q.W.); (V.D.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Varsha D. Phadtare
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (A.A.R.); (R.P.D.); (V.G.P.); (H.C.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Q.W.); (V.D.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Taehee Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (A.A.R.); (R.P.D.); (V.G.P.); (H.C.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Q.W.); (V.D.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Wook Ki Jung
- Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Daejeon 34146, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hyung-Ho Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; (A.A.R.); (R.P.D.); (V.G.P.); (H.C.); (W.L.); (J.K.); (Q.W.); (V.D.P.); (T.K.)
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14
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Kim JG, Baek D. A Wideband True Time Delay Circuit Using 0.25 µm GaN HEMT Technology. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6827. [PMID: 37571609 PMCID: PMC10422639 DOI: 10.3390/s23156827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a wideband 4-bit true time delay IC using a 0.25 μm GaN HEMT (High-Electron-Mobility Transistor) process for the beam-squint-free phased array antennas. The true time delay IC is implemented with a switched path circuit topology using DPDT (Double Pole Double Throw) with no shunt transistor in the inter-stages to improve the bandwidth and SPDT (Single Pole Single Throw) switches at the input and the output ports. The delay lines are implemented with CLC π-networks with the lumped element to ensure a compact chip size. A negative voltage generator and an SPI controller are implemented in the PCB (Printed Circuit Board) due to the lack of digital control logic in GaN technology. A maximum time delay of ~182 ps with a time delay resolution of 10.5 ps is achieved at DC-6 GHz. The RMS (Root Mean Square) time delay and amplitude error are <5 ps and <0.6 dB, respectively. The measured insertion loss is <6.8 dB and the input and output return losses are >10 dB at DC-6 GHz. The current consumption is nearly zero with a 3.3 V supply. The chip size including pads is 2.45 × 1.75 mm2. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a true time delay IC using GaN HEMT technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Geun Kim
- Department of Electronic Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea;
| | - Donghyun Baek
- School of Electrical Engineering, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, Republic of Korea
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15
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Oh S, Lee S, Lee G, Oh M. Enhanced adsorption capacity of ZIF-8 for chemical warfare agent simulants caused by its morphology and surface charge. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12250. [PMID: 37507523 PMCID: PMC10382474 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The effective separation of toxic chemicals, including chemical warfare agents (CWAs), from the environment via adsorption is of great importance because such chemicals pose a significant threat to humans and ecosystems. To this end, the development of effective porous adsorbents for CWA removal has received significant attention. Understanding the specific interactions between adsorbents and CWAs must precede for the development of effective adsorbents. Herein, we report the relationship between the adsorption capacity of porous ZIF-8 and its morphological and surface characteristics. Four types of ZIF-8, which have different morphologies (such as cubic, rhombic dodecahedron, and leaf- and plate-shaped samples), were selectively prepared. The four types of ZIF-8 were found to have different surface charges owing to dissimilarly exposed components on the surfaces and additionally incorporated components. The specific surface charges of ZIF-8 were found to be closely related to their adsorption capacities for CWA simulants such as 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) and dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP). Cubic ZIF-8, with the most positive surface charge among four ZIF-8 samples, exhibited the highest adsorption capacity for CEES and DMMP via the effective polar interaction. Moreover, ZIF-8 exhibited excellent recyclability without losing its adsorption capacity and without critical morphological or structural changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sojin Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujeong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Gihyun Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonhyun Oh
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-Ro, Seodaemun-Gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Park B, Ko J, Byun J, Pandey S, Park B, Kim J, Lee MJ. Solution-Grown MAPbBr 3 Single Crystals for Self-Powered Detection of X-rays with High Energies above One Megaelectron Volt. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:2157. [PMID: 37570475 PMCID: PMC10421116 DOI: 10.3390/nano13152157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite single crystals are actively studied as X-ray detection materials with enhanced sensitivity. Moreover, the feasibility of using perovskites for self-powered devices such as photodetectors, UV detectors, and X-ray detectors can significantly expand their application range. In this work, the charge carrier transport and photocurrent properties of MAPbBr3 single crystals (MSCs) are improved by the mechanochemical surface treatment using glycerin combined with an additional electrode design that forms an ohmic contact. The sensitivity of MSC-based detectors and pulse shape generated by X-rays are enhanced at various bias voltages. The synthesized MSC detectors generate direction-dependent photocurrents, which indicate the presence of a polarization-induced internal electric field. In addition, photocurrent signals are produced by X-rays with energies greater than 1 MeV under a zero-bias voltage. This work demonstrates a high application potential of perovskites as self-powered detectors for X-rays with energies exceeding 1 MeV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beomjun Park
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Crystal Material/Device Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Juyoung Ko
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jangwon Byun
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sandeep Pandey
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Crystal Material/Device Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungdo Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongho Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Changwon Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Changwon 51353, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Crystal Material/Device Research Center, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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17
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Kim J, Yoon S, Choi T, Sull S. Unsupervised Video Anomaly Detection Based on Similarity with Predefined Text Descriptions. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:6256. [PMID: 37514551 PMCID: PMC10385872 DOI: 10.3390/s23146256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Research on video anomaly detection has mainly been based on video data. However, many real-world cases involve users who can conceive potential normal and abnormal situations within the anomaly detection domain. This domain knowledge can be conveniently expressed as text descriptions, such as "walking" or "people fighting", which can be easily obtained, customized for specific applications, and applied to unseen abnormal videos not included in the training dataset. We explore the potential of using these text descriptions with unlabeled video datasets. We use large language models to obtain text descriptions and leverage them to detect abnormal frames by calculating the cosine similarity between the input frame and text descriptions using the CLIP visual language model. To enhance the performance, we refined the CLIP-derived cosine similarity using an unlabeled dataset and the proposed text-conditional similarity, which is a similarity measure between two vectors based on additional learnable parameters and a triplet loss. The proposed method has a simple training and inference process that avoids the computationally intensive analyses of optical flow or multiple frames. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms unsupervised methods by showing 8% and 13% better AUC scores for the ShanghaiTech and UCFcrime datasets, respectively. Although the proposed method shows -6% and -5% than weakly supervised methods for those datasets, in abnormal videos, the proposed method shows 17% and 5% better AUC scores, which means that the proposed method shows comparable results with weakly supervised methods that require resource-intensive dataset labeling. These outcomes validate the potential of using text descriptions in unsupervised video anomaly detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyun Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwook Yoon
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyeon Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Sull
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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18
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Yoo S, Bae Y, Jang S. Design of Wideband FMCW Radar Transceiver System Using Photonic Elements. Micromachines (Basel) 2023; 14:1296. [PMID: 37512607 PMCID: PMC10386468 DOI: 10.3390/mi14071296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
This paper proposes a FMCW radar transceiver with photonic elements. The proposed radar system is efficiently designed by budget analysis, and a wideband signal is generated using photonic elements. To verify the performance of the proposed radar system, field tests including changes in bandwidth are conducted. The results confirm that the resolution of ISAR images improves as the bandwidth increases as expected through the budget analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungjun Yoo
- Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, P.O. Box 35, Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngseok Bae
- Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, P.O. Box 35, Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghoon Jang
- Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, P.O. Box 35, Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea
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19
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Han DH, Oh U, Park JK. Characterization of PDMS Microchannels Using Horizontally or Vertically Formed 3D-Printed Molds by Digital Light Projection. ACS Omega 2023; 8:19128-19136. [PMID: 37273587 PMCID: PMC10233826 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) printing is one of the promising technologies for the fabrication of microstructures due to its versatility, ease of fabrication, and low cost. However, the direct use of 3D-printed microstructure as a microchannel is still limited due to its surface property, biocompatibility, and transmittance. As an alternative, rapid prototyping of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) from 3D-printed microstructures ensures both biocompatibility and efficient fabrication. We employed 3D-printed molds fabricated using horizontal and vertical arrangement methods with different slice thicknesses in a digital light projection (DLP)-based 3D printing process to replicate PDMS microchannels. The replicated PDMS structures were investigated to compare their optical transmittances and surface roughness. Interestingly, the optical transmittance of PDMS from the 3D-printed mold was significantly increased via bonding two single PDMS layers. To evaluate the applicability of the replicated PDMS devices from the 3D-printed mold, we performed droplet generation in the PDMS microchannels, comparing the same device from a conventional Si-wafer mold. This study provides a fundamental understanding of prototyping microstructures from the DLP-based 3D-printed mold.
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20
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Seo HS, Koh YJ, Nam H, Kim JS. Development of a Rapid and Accurate Vapor Generation System for Real-Time Monitoring of a Chemical Warfare Agent (CWA) by Coupling Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopy. ACS Omega 2023; 8:18058-18063. [PMID: 37251177 PMCID: PMC10210166 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Developing an accurate chemical warfare agent (CWA) vapor generator is critical for homeland security because it enables real-time monitoring of target agent concentration for testing and evaluation. We designed and built an elaborate CWA vapor generator that offers reliable long-term stability and real-time monitoring capabilities by coupling it with Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. We evaluated the reliability and stability of the vapor generator using a gas chromatography-flame ion detector (GC-FID) and conducted a comparison between the experimental and theoretical results of sulfur mustard (HD, bis-2-chloroethylsulfide), a real CWA, at concentrations ranging from 1 to 5 ppm. Our FT-IR-coupled vapor generation system showed real-time monitoring ability, which enables rapid and accurate evaluation of chemical detectors. The vapor generation system was able to generate CWA vapor continuously for over 8 h, demonstrating its long-term vapor generation capability. In addition, we vaporized another representative CWA, viz., GB (Sarin, propan-2-yl ethylphosphonofluoridate), and conducted real-time monitoring of GB vapor concentration with high accuracy. This versatile vapor generator approach can enable the rapid and accurate evaluation of CWAs for homeland security against chemical threats and can be used in constructing a versatile real-time monitoring vapor generation system for CWAs.
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21
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Mahato M, Nam S, Lee MJ, Koratkar N, Oh IK. Physicochemically Interlocked Sulfur Covalent Triazine Framework for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries with Exceptional Longevity. Small 2023:e2301847. [PMID: 37170694 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
An electronically conjugated functional triazine framework is used to synthesize a physicochemically interlocked sulfur cathode that delivers high energy density coupled with exceptional cycle life in lithium-sulfur batteries. Conventional melt-diffusion strategies to impregnate sulfur in the cathode offer poor cycle life due to physical mixing with weak interactions. By contrast, in this approach, sulfur is physicochemically entrapped within a nanoporous and heteroatom doped high surface area covalent triazine framework, resulting in outstanding electrochemical performance (≈89% capacity retention after 1000 cycles, the energy density of ≈2,022 Wh kg-1 sulfur and high-rate capability up to 12 C). The overall structural characteristics and interactions of sulfur with the covalent triazine framework are explored in detail to explain the intriguing properties of the sulfur cathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manmatha Mahato
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Nam
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Joon Lee
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Nikhil Koratkar
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 110 8th Street, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Il-Kwon Oh
- National Creative Research Initiative for Functionally Antagonistic Nano-Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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22
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Lee J, Park K, Kim J, Lee SH, Lee GY, Cho S, Kim HC, Klein TA, Kim JA, Choi J, Park J, Song DH, Gu SH, Yun H, Kim JE, Lee D, Hur GH, Jeong ST, Hwang IU, Kim WK, Song JW. Whole-genome sequencing and genetic diversity of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus using multiplex PCR-based nanopore sequencing, Republic of Korea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010763. [PMID: 36094957 PMCID: PMC9499217 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Whole-genome sequencing plays a critical role in the genomic epidemiology intended to improve understanding the spread of emerging viruses. Dabie bandavirus, causing severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), is a zoonotic tick-borne virus that poses a significant public health threat. We aimed to evaluate a novel amplicon-based nanopore sequencing tool to obtain whole-genome sequences of Dabie bandavirus, also known as SFTS virus (SFTSV), and investigate the molecular prevalence in wild ticks, Republic of Korea (ROK).
Principal findings
A total of 6,593 ticks were collected from Gyeonggi and Gangwon Provinces, ROK in 2019 and 2020. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed the presence of SFSTV RNA in three Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks. Two SFTSV strains were isolated from H. longicornis captured from Pocheon and Cheorwon. Multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based nanopore sequencing provided nearly full-length tripartite genome sequences of SFTSV within one hour running. Phylogenetic and reassortment analyses were performed to infer evolutionary relationships among SFTSVs. Phylogenetic analysis grouped SFTSV Hl19-31-4 and Hl19-31-13 from Pocheon with sub-genotype B-1 in all segments. SFTSV Hl20-8 was found to be a genomic organization compatible with B-1 (for L segment) and B-2 (for M and S segments) sub-genotypes, indicating a natural reassortment between sub-genotypes.
Conclusion/Significance
Amplicon-based next-generation sequencing is a robust tool for whole-genome sequencing of SFTSV using the nanopore platform. The molecular prevalence and geographical distribution of SFTSV enhanced the phylogeographic map at high resolution for sophisticated prevention of emerging SFTS in endemic areas. Our findings provide important insights into the rapid whole-genome sequencing and genetic diversity for the genome-based diagnosis of SFTSV in the endemic outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyeong Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Park
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Lee
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungchan Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Chul Kim
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, United States of America
| | - Terry A. Klein
- Force Health Protection and Preventive Medicine, Medical Department Activity-Korea/65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, United States of America
| | - Jeong-Ah Kim
- Division of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeewan Choi
- Republic of Korea Armed Forces Medical Command, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Juwan Park
- The Fifth Preventive Medicine Unit of Republic of Korea Army, Pocheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Song
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hun Gu
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeongseok Yun
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Kim
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesang Lee
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeung Haeng Hur
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Tae Jeong
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Ung Hwang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sheikh Khalifa Specialty Hospital, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Cho KR, Kim M, Kim B, Shin G, Lee S, Kim W. Investigation of the AgCl Formation Mechanism on the Ag Wire Surface for the Fabrication of a Marine Low-Frequency-Electric-Field-Detection Ag/AgCl Sensor Electrode. ACS Omega 2022; 7:25110-25121. [PMID: 35910151 PMCID: PMC9330149 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c01481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the most widely used electric field sensors for low-frequency electric field detection (LFEFD) in seawater uses the Ag/AgCl electrode. The surface structure of the electrode including AgCl layers plays a critical role in the electrode's electrochemical performance required for the sensor. In this study, the sequential AgCl formation process under the constant current was examined on the Ag wire in an electrode size for actual applications, and an optimal electrode surface structure was suggested for the LFEFD Ag/AgCl sensor. Upon mild anodization (0.2 mA/cm2) in 3.3 M KCl solution that permits us to follow the AgCl formation process manageably, Ag dissolution from the wire surface begins leaving cavities on the surface, with the accompanied growth of initial Ag grains. During this period, AgCl deposits in sizes of about several micrometers to 10 μm with crystal planes also form primarily along scratch lines on the wire surface, but in a partial scale. Then, with further anodization, the assumed thin AgCl deposits start to form, covering a large portion of the wire surface. They grow to become deposits in sizes of about several micrometers to 10 μm with no clear facet planes next to one another and are connected to form the network structure, representing the main developing mode of the AgCl deposits. While they cover all the surface, AgCl deposits also form on the surface of the already formed ones, making multiple AgCl layers. All these deposits develop through the nucleation process with a relatively high surface energy barrier, and their formation rate is solely controlled by the release rate of Ag+ from the wire, thus by the applied current magnitude. The Ag/AgCl electrode with a thick AgCl layer and many holes in the AgCl surface structure like microchannels is considered to work effectively for the LFEFD sensor in terms of both detection sensitivity and service lifetime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Rae Cho
- Department
of Energy Engineering/KENTECH Institute for Environmental and Climate
Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology
(KENTECH), Naju 58330, Republic of Korea
| | - Minhye Kim
- Department
of Energy Engineering/KENTECH Institute for Environmental and Climate
Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology
(KENTECH), Naju 58330, Republic of Korea
| | - Bupmo Kim
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Division of Environmental Science and
Engineering, Pohang University of Science
and Technology, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahye Shin
- Department
of Energy Engineering/KENTECH Institute for Environmental and Climate
Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology
(KENTECH), Naju 58330, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangkyu Lee
- Maritime
Technology Research Institute 1st Directorate Agency for Defense Development, Jinhae-gu, Changwon-si 51698, Republic
of Korea
| | - Wooyul Kim
- Department
of Energy Engineering/KENTECH Institute for Environmental and Climate
Technology, Korea Institute of Energy Technology
(KENTECH), Naju 58330, Republic of Korea
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24
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Kim K, Jang B, Lee S, Park G. Assessment of drag measurement techniques in a shock tunnel. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270743. [PMID: 35802559 PMCID: PMC9269454 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Three force measurement techniques in a shock tunnel, the free-flight, movable-support force balance, and stress-wave force balance techniques were employed, and each technique’s characteristics were assessed. For each force measurement technique, the system setup, data processing method, measurement uncertainties, and applied range of the test model size-flow establishment time were described in detail and compared. For a comparison and discussion, the drag coefficients of a circular pointed cone model with a semi-angle of 18.4° at a nominal freestream Mach number of 6 were measured. As a result, three force measurement techniques yield similar drag coefficients. However, the measurement uncertainties were increased in the order of the free-flight, the stress-wave force balance, and the movable-support force balance techniques. The main causes of the measurement uncertainties were the corner detection uncertainties for the free-flight techniques, and the propagation of the internal or external vibrations for the movable-support and stress-wave force balance techniques. To estimate the appropriate range of the test model size and flow establishment time for each technique’s application, the force measurement systems of the present work and the available literature were compared. As a result of comparative discussion, force measurement environments that can be advantageous for each technique are suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keunyeong Kim
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Byungkook Jang
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gisu Park
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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25
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Kim M, Rho K, Kim YD, Jung K. Action-driven contrastive representation for reinforcement learning. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265456. [PMID: 35303031 PMCID: PMC8932622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In reinforcement learning, reward-driven feature learning directly from high-dimensional images faces two challenges: sample-efficiency for solving control tasks and generalization to unseen observations. In prior works, these issues have been addressed through learning representation from pixel inputs. However, their representation faced the limitations of being vulnerable to the high diversity inherent in environments or not taking the characteristics for solving control tasks. To attenuate these phenomena, we propose the novel contrastive representation method, Action-Driven Auxiliary Task (ADAT), which forces a representation to concentrate on essential features for deciding actions and ignore control-irrelevant details. In the augmented state-action dictionary of ADAT, the agent learns representation to maximize agreement between observations sharing the same actions. The proposed method significantly outperforms model-free and model-based algorithms in the Atari and OpenAI ProcGen, widely used benchmarks for sample-efficiency and generalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minbeom Kim
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
| | - Kyeongha Rho
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-duk Kim
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyomin Jung
- Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Defense AI Technology Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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26
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Mun J, Kim N, Jeong B, Jung J. Endothermic Cracking of n-Dodecane in a Flow Reactor using Washcoated Activated Carbon on Metal Foam. ACS Omega 2022; 7:8518-8525. [PMID: 35309429 PMCID: PMC8928533 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The heat generated by air friction during the flight of a hypersonic vehicle must be timely removed. For this purpose, a cooling technology based on the endothermic decomposition of the loaded fuel has been developed. In this study, the decomposition of n-dodecane was performed using activated carbon as a catalyst, which was coated onto metal foam to maximize the heat sink of the catalytic decomposition reaction. By applying this technology, the heat sink was increased to 1805 Btu/lb, and the gas yield was as high as 72%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongin Mun
- Kyonggi
University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Kim
- Kyonggi
University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunghun Jeong
- Agency
for Defense Development, 160, Bugyuseong-daero 488beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34060, Republic
of Korea
| | - Jihoon Jung
- Kyonggi
University, 154-42, Gwanggyosan-ro, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do 16227, Republic of Korea
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An J, Ra H, Youn C, Kim K. Experimental Results of Underwater Acoustic Communication with Nonlinear Frequency Modulation Waveform. Sensors (Basel) 2021; 21:7194. [PMID: 34770501 PMCID: PMC8587690 DOI: 10.3390/s21217194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we propose underwater acoustic (UWA) communications using a generalized sinusoidal frequency modulation (GSFM) waveform, which has a distinct ambiguity function (AF) and correlation function characteristic. For these reasons, it is more robust in multipath channels than the conventional chirp spread spectrum (CSS) with a linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveform. Four types of GSFM waveforms that are orthogonal to each other are applied for each symbol in the proposed method. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, we compared the performances of the proposed method and conventional method by conducting diverse experiments: simulations, lake trials and sea trials. In the simulation results, the proposed method shows better performance than the conventional method. The lake trial was conducted with a distance of 300~400 m between the transmitter and receiver. As a result of the experiment, the average bit error rate (BER) of the proposed method is 3.52×10-2 and that of the conventional method is 3.52×10-1, which shows that the proposed method is superior to the conventional method. The sea trial was conducted at a distance of approximately 20 km between the transmitter and receiver at a depth of 1500 m, and the receiver was composed of 16 vertical line arrays (VLAs) with a hydrophone. The proposed method had a BER of 0.3×10-2 in one channel and was error free in the other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kiman Kim
- Department of Radio Communication Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727 Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Korea; (J.A.); (H.R.); (C.Y.)
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28
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Cho S, Kim WK, No JS, Lee SH, Jung J, Yi Y, Park HC, Lee GY, Park K, Kim JA, Kim J, Lee J, Lee D, Song DH, Gu SH, Jeong ST, Song JW. Urinary genome detection and tracking of Hantaan virus from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome patients using multiplex PCR-based next-generation sequencing. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009707. [PMID: 34582439 PMCID: PMC8478167 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hantavirus infection occurs through the inhalation of aerosolized excreta, including urine, feces, and saliva of infected rodents. The presence of Hantaan virus (HTNV) RNA or infectious particles in urine specimens of patient with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) remains to be investigated. Methodology/Principal findings We collected four urine and serum specimens of Republic of Korea Army (ROKA) patients with HFRS. We performed multiplex PCR-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) to obtain the genome sequences of clinical HTNV in urine specimens containing ultra-low amounts of viral genomes. The epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses of HTNV demonstrated geographically homogenous clustering with those in Apodemus agrarius captured in highly endemic areas, indicating that phylogeographic tracing of HTNV genomes reveals the potential infection sites of patients with HFRS. Genetic exchange analyses showed a genetic configuration compatible with HTNV L segment exchange in nature. Conclusion/Significance Our results suggest that whole or partial genome sequences of HTNV from the urine enabled to track the putative infection sites of patients with HFRS by phylogeographically linking to the zoonotic HTNV from the reservoir host captured at endemic regions. This report raises awareness among physicians for the presence of HTNV in the urine of patients with HFRS. Hantavirus transmission to humans occurs via inhalation of aerosolized excreta, including urine, feces, and saliva of infected rodents. Currently, no report for the etiological evidence associated with urinary Hantaan virus (HTNV) from patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is available. Here, we conducted multiplex PCR-based next-generation sequencing (NGS) using urine and serum specimens from four Republic of Korea Army (ROKA) patients with HFRS. The epidemiological and phylogenetic analyses using whole or partial genome sequences of HTNV from urine and serum demonstrated homogenous genetic clustering with HTNV from clinical specimens, circulating at highly endemic sites of patient infection. Among the sequences from ROKA patients, the genomic configuration of ROKA16-10 demonstrated occurrences of the genetic reassortment. Our results suggest that whole or partial genome sequences of HTNV from the urine enabled to track the putative infection sites of patients with HFRS by phylogeographically linking to the zoonotic HTNV from the reservoir host captured at endemic regions. This result provides new insights into presence of HTNV in the urine of patients with HFRS among physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungchan Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun No
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaehun Jung
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongjin Yi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dankook University Hospital, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayne Cho Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Park
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ah Kim
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingyeong Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesang Lee
- 4th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Song
- 4th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hun Gu
- 4th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Tae Jeong
- 4th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Lee J, Ka D, Jung H, Cho K, Jin Y, Kim M. UiO-66-NH 2 and Zeolite-Templated Carbon Composites for the Degradation and Adsorption of Nerve Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:3837. [PMID: 34201878 PMCID: PMC8270328 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Composites of metal-organic frameworks and carbon materials have been suggested to be effective materials for the decomposition of chemical warfare agents. In this study, we synthesized UiO-66-NH2/zeolite-templated carbon (ZTC) composites for the adsorption and decomposition of the nerve agents sarin and soman. UiO-66-NH2/ZTC composites with good dispersion were prepared via a solvothermal method. Characterization studies showed that the composites had higher specific surface areas than pristine UiO-66-NH2, with broad pore size distributions centered at 1-2 nm. Owing to their porous nature, the UiO-66-NH2/ZTC composites could adsorb more water at 80% relative humidity. Among the UiO-66-NH2/ZTC composites, U0.8Z0.2 showed the best degradation performance. Characterization and gas adsorption studies revealed that beta-ZTC in U0.8Z0.2 provided additional adsorption and degradation sites for nerve agents. Among the investigated materials, including the pristine materials, U0.8Z0.2 also exhibited the best protection performance against the nerve agents. These results demonstrate that U0.8Z0.2 has the optimal composition for exploiting the degradation performance of pristine UiO-66-NH2 and the adsorption performance of pristine beta-ZTC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Youngho Jin
- Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34186, Korea; (J.L.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (K.C.)
| | - Minkun Kim
- Agency for Defense Development, P.O. Box 35, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34186, Korea; (J.L.); (D.K.); (H.J.); (K.C.)
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Jeong WH, Lee JY, Lim KC, Kim HS. Identification and Study of Biomarkers from Novichok-Inhibited Butyrylcholinesterase in Human Plasma. Molecules 2021; 26:3810. [PMID: 34206601 PMCID: PMC8270327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify biomarkers of ethyl (1-(diethylamino)ethylidene)phosphoramidofluoridate (A234)- or methyl (1-(diethylamino)ethylidene)phosphoramidofluoridate (A232)-inhibited butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), we investigated nonapeptide adducts containing the active site serine, which plays a key role in enzyme activity, using LC-MS/HRMS. Biomarkers were acquired as expected, and they exhibited a significant amount of fragment ions from the inhibiting agent itself, in contrast to the MS2 spectra of conventional nerve agents. These biomarkers had a higher abundance of [M+2H]2+ ions than [M+H]+ ions, making doubly charged ions more suitable for trace analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Hyeon Jeong
- Agency for Defense Development (ADD), P.O. Box 35, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34186, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (K.-C.L.); (H.-S.K.)
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31
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Kim JS, Lee MJ, Nam H, Do S, Lee JH, Park MK, Park BH. Indoor and Outdoor Tests for a Chemi-capacitance Carbon Nanotube Sensor Installed on a Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Dimethyl Methylphosphonate Detection and Mapping. ACS Omega 2021; 6:16159-16164. [PMID: 34179661 PMCID: PMC8223397 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been used as a new chemical reconnaissance platform in chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear detection and in industrial monitoring and environmental research, owing to their mobility, unconventional accessibility, and safety. Based on the UAV's payload and operational time considerations, the ultralight chip-sized chemical sensor is the most promising candidate for chemical reconnaissance among various chemical sensors. To optimize the UAV's chip-sensor performance, realistic outdoor tests of chemical sensors during UAV flights have to be conducted to verify their performances. In this study, indoor and outdoor experiments were conducted with a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based chip sensor installed on the UAV to detect dimethyl methylphosphonates (DMMPs), commonly used as chemical warfare agent simulants. Based on the indoor tests, DMMP concentrations and the position/direction of the CNT sensor were analyzed to optimize the sensing performances during UAV operations. Based on outdoor tests, we confirmed that the chemical sensor mounted on the UAV could detect DMMP gases by moving designated pathways in realistic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Seon Kim
- CBRN
Directorate, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea
| | - Myeong Jae Lee
- CBRN
Directorate, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Nam
- CBRN
Directorate, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea
| | - Sangwon Do
- CBRN
Directorate, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea
| | - Jae Hwan Lee
- CBRN
Directorate, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea
| | - Myung Kyu Park
- CBRN
Directorate, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea
| | - Byeong Hwang Park
- CBRN
Directorate, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Korea
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Park K, Kim WK, Lee SH, Kim J, Lee J, Cho S, Lee GY, No JS, Lee KH, Song JW. A novel genotype of Hantaan orthohantavirus harbored by Apodemus agrarius chejuensis as a potential etiologic agent of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in Republic of Korea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009400. [PMID: 33979351 PMCID: PMC8143423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Orthohantaviruses, causing hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome, pose a significant public health threat worldwide. Despite the significant mortality and morbidity, effective antiviral therapeutics for orthohantavirus infections are currently unavailable. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of HFRS-associated orthohantaviruses and identify the etiological agent of orthohantavirus outbreaks in southern Republic of Korea (ROK). METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We collected small mammals on Jeju Island during 2018-2020. We detected the Hantaan virus (HTNV)-specific antibodies and RNA using an indirect immunofluorescence assay test and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction on Apodemus agrarius chejuensis (A. chejuensis). The prevalence of anti-HTNV antibodies among rodents was 14.1%. A total of six seropositive mouse harbored HTNV RNA. The amplicon-based next-generation sequencing provided nearly full-length tripartite genomic sequences of six HTNV harbored by A. chejuensis. Phylogenetic and tanglegram analyses were conducted for inferring evolutionary relationships between orthohantaviruses with their reservoir hosts. Phylogenetic analysis showed a novel distinct HTNV genotype. The detected HTNV genomic sequences were phylogenetically related to a viral sequence derived from HFRS patient in southern ROK. Tanglegram analysis demonstrated the segregation of HTNV genotypes corresponding to Apodemus spp. divergence. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results suggest that A. chejuensis-borne HTNV may be a potential etiological agent of HFRS in southern ROK. Ancestral HTNV may infect A. chejuensis prior to geological isolation between the Korean peninsula and Jeju Island, supporting the co-evolution of orthohantaviruses and rodents. This study arises awareness among physicians for HFRS outbreaks in southern ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Park
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Research, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongwoo Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jingyeong Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungchan Cho
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun No
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of High-risk Pathogens, Bureau of Infectious Diseases Diagnosis Control, Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun Hwa Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Song
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Microbiology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kockert M, Mitdank R, Moon H, Kim J, Mogilatenko A, Moosavi SH, Kroener M, Woias P, Lee W, Fischer SF. Semimetal to semiconductor transition in Bi/TiO 2 core/shell nanowires. Nanoscale Adv 2021; 3:263-271. [PMID: 36131884 PMCID: PMC9419100 DOI: 10.1039/d0na00658k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate the full thermoelectric and structural characterization of individual bismuth-based (Bi-based) core/shell nanowires. The influence of strain on the temperature dependence of the electrical conductivity, the absolute Seebeck coefficient and the thermal conductivity of bismuth/titanium dioxide (Bi/TiO2) nanowires with different diameters is investigated and compared to bismuth (Bi) and bismuth/tellurium (Bi/Te) nanowires and bismuth bulk. Scattering at surfaces, crystal defects and interfaces between the core and the shell reduces the electrical conductivity to less than 5% and the thermal conductivity to less than 25% to 50% of the bulk value at room temperature. On behalf of a compressive strain, Bi/TiO2 core/shell nanowires show a decreasing electrical conductivity with decreasing temperature opposed to that of Bi and Bi/Te nanowires. We find that the compressive strain induced by the TiO2 shell can lead to a band opening of bismuth increasing the absolute Seebeck coefficient by 10% to 30% compared to bulk at room temperature. In the semiconducting state, the activation energy is determined to |41.3 ± 0.2| meV. We show that if the strain exceeds the elastic limit the semimetallic state is recovered due to the lattice relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kockert
- Novel Materials Group, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 10099 Berlin Germany
| | - R Mitdank
- Novel Materials Group, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 10099 Berlin Germany
| | - H Moon
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - J Kim
- Division of Nanotechnology, DGIST 42988 Daegu Republic of Korea
| | - A Mogilatenko
- Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Leibniz-Institut für Höchstfrequenztechnik 12489 Berlin Germany
| | - S H Moosavi
- Laboratory for Design of Microsystems, University of Freiburg - IMTEK 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - M Kroener
- Laboratory for Design of Microsystems, University of Freiburg - IMTEK 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - P Woias
- Laboratory for Design of Microsystems, University of Freiburg - IMTEK 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - W Lee
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Yonsei University 03722 Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - S F Fischer
- Novel Materials Group, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin 10099 Berlin Germany
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Lee GY, Kim WK, Park K, Lee SH, Hwang J, No JS, Cho S, Lee D, Song DH, Gu SH, Park MS, Jeong ST, Kim YS, Song JW. Phylogeographic diversity and hybrid zone of Hantaan orthohantavirus collected in Gangwon Province, Republic of Korea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008714. [PMID: 33035222 PMCID: PMC7588125 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hantaan orthohantavirus (Hantaan virus, HTNV), harbored by Apodemus agrarius (the striped field mouse), causes hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in humans. Viral genome-based surveillance at new expansion sites to identify HFRS risks plays a critical role in tracking the infection source of orthohantavirus outbreak. In the Republic of Korea (ROK), most studies demonstrated the serological prevalence and genetic diversity of orthohantaviruses collected from HFRS patients or rodents in Gyeonggi Province. Gangwon Province is a HFRS-endemic area with a high incidence of patients and prevalence of infected rodents, ROK. However, the continued epidemiology and surveillance of orthohantavirus remain to be investigated. Methodology/Principal findings Whole-genome sequencing of HTNV was accomplished in small mammals collected in Gangwon Province during 2015–2018 by multiplex PCR-based next-generation sequencing. To elucidate the geographic distribution and molecular diversity of viruses, we conducted phylogenetic analyses of HTNV tripartite genomes. We inferred the hybrid zone using cline analysis to estimate the geographic contact between two different HTNV lineages in the ROK. The graph incompatibility based reassortment finder performed reassortment analysis. A total of 12 HTNV genome sequences were completely obtained from A. agrarius newly collected in Gangwon Province. The phylogenetic and cline analyses demonstrated the genetic diversity and hybrid zone of HTNV in the ROK. Genetic exchange analysis suggested the possibility of reassortments in Cheorwon-gun, a highly HFRS-endemic area. Conclusions/Significance The prevalence and distribution of HTNV in HFRS-endemic areas of Gangwon Province enhanced the phylogeographic map for orthohantavirus outbreak monitoring in ROK. This study revealed the hybrid zone reflecting the genetic diversity and evolutionary dynamics of HTNV circulating in Gangwon Province. The results arise awareness of rodent-borne orthohantavirus diseases for physicians in the endemic area of ROK. The genetic and molecular epidemiological studies on small mammals derived from hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)-endemic areas have consistently conducted for the public health surveillance and mitigation of orthohantavirus outbreak in the Republic of Korea (ROK). Implementing viral genome-based surveillance at new expansion sites that may identify HFRS risks is critical for tracking the location of orthohantavirus infections and diagnosing HFRS. In the present study, whole-genome sequences of Hantaan virus (HTNV) from small mammals in Gangwon Province were recovered using multiplex PCR-based next-generation sequencing during 2015–2018. In HFRS-endemic regions including Cheorwon-gun, Chuncheon-si, and Hwacheon-gun, additional HTNV genome sequences contribute to establish a high-resolution phylogeographic map for tracking emerging orthohantavirus-induced diseases. The cline analysis revealed a remarkable hybrid zone by showing spatial contact regions of HTNV at two sites (Cheorwon-gun and Hwacheon-gun) and the spatial separation and sequence divergence across genome segments of HTNV in Gangwon Province. These results demonstrate the genetic diversity and hybrid zone of HTNV circulating in Gangwon Province. These findings increase an awareness raising about HFRS in the endemic area of ROK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geum-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungmin Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jusun Hwang
- Wildlife Ecology & Genomics Laboratory, College of Forest & Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun No
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungchan Cho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesang Lee
- 4th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Song
- 4th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hun Gu
- 4th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Tae Jeong
- 4th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Su Kim
- Infectious Disease Research Department, Gangwon Institute of Health and Environment, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kwon J, Jung H, Jung H, Lee J. Micro/Nanostructured Coating for Cotton Textiles That Repel Oil, Water, and Chemical Warfare Agents. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1826. [PMID: 32824067 PMCID: PMC7464014 DOI: 10.3390/polym12081826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a lotus leaf as our model, we fabricated an extremely low surface energy micro/nanostructured coating for textiles that repel oil, water, and chemical warfare agents (CWAs) using a simple process that is suitable for large scale production. This coating, called "OmniBlock", consisted of approximately 200-nm silica nanoparticles, tetraethylorthosilicate, 3-glycidoxypropyl trimethoxysilane, and a perfluorooctanoic acid-free fluoropolymer (Fluorolink S10) that was cross-linked between Si-O-Si groups via a sol-gel process. The perfluorooctanoic acid-free fluoropolymer-coated silica nanoparticles were simply applied to the surface of a cotton fabric by a dip-dry-cure process, forming dense, continuous, and uniform layers of OmniBlock coating. OmniBlock modified the surface of the cotton fibers, creating a rough, high surface area uniform coating with many micro-crevasses. As a result, n-dodecane, water, and CWAs beaded up without wetting the surface, exhibiting large contact angles of 154° for water and 121° for n-dodecane, with a small shedding angle of 5° and contact angle hysteresis of 3.2° for water. The designed coating showed excellent liquid repellence properties against three types of CWAs: 129°, 72°, and 87° for sulfur mustard (HD), soman (GD), and VX nerve agents, respectively. Furthermore, OmniBlock coating shows good mechanical properties under tensile strength and wash tests. This remarkable ability to repel CWAs is likely to have potential military applications in personal protective equipment systems requiring self-cleaning functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Juno Lee
- 4th R&D Institute-6th Directorate, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34186, Korea; (J.K.); (H.J.); (H.J.)
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Abstract
Compound eyes, also known as insect eyes, have a unique structure. They have a hemispheric surface, and a lot of single eyes are deployed regularly on the surface. Thanks to this unique form, using the compound images has several advantages, such as a large field of view (FOV) with low aberrations. We can exploit these benefits in high-level vision applications, such as object recognition, or semantic segmentation for a moving robot, by emulating the compound images that describe the captured scenes from compound eye cameras. In this paper, to the best of our knowledge, we propose the first convolutional neural network (CNN)-based ego-motion classification algorithm designed for the compound eye structure. To achieve this, we introduce a voting-based approach that fully utilizes one of the unique features of compound images, specifically, the compound images consist of a lot of single eye images. The proposed method classifies a number of local motions by CNN, and these local classifications which represent the motions of each single eye image, are aggregated to the final classification by a voting procedure. For the experiments, we collected a new dataset for compound eye camera ego-motion classification which contains scenes of the inside and outside of a certain building. The samples of the proposed dataset consist of two consequent emulated compound images and the corresponding ego-motion class. The experimental results show that the proposed method has achieved the classification accuracy of 85.0%, which is superior compared to the baselines on the proposed dataset. Also, the proposed model is light-weight compared to the conventional CNN-based image recognition algorithms such as AlexNet, ResNet50, and MobileNetV2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Songhwai Oh
- Department of Eletrical and Computer Engineering and ASRI, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea; (H.Y.); (G.C.)
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Park J, Wen M, Sung Y, Cho K. Multiple Event-Based Simulation Scenario Generation Approach for Autonomous Vehicle Smart Sensors and Devices. Sensors (Basel) 2019; 19:E4456. [PMID: 31615164 PMCID: PMC6833086 DOI: 10.3390/s19204456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, deep learning methods based on a virtual environment are widely applied to research and technology development for autonomous vehicle's smart sensors and devices. Learning various driving environments in advance is important to handle unexpected situations that can exist in the real world and to continue driving without accident. For training smart sensors and devices of an autonomous vehicle well, a virtual simulator should create scenarios of various possible real-world situations. To create reality-based scenarios, data on the real environment must be collected from a real driving vehicle or a scenario analysis process conducted by experts. However, these two approaches increase the period and the cost of scenario generation as more scenarios are created. This paper proposes a scenario generation method based on deep learning to create scenarios automatically for training autonomous vehicle smart sensors and devices. To generate various scenarios, the proposed method extracts multiple events from a video which is taken on a real road by using deep learning and generates the multiple event in a virtual simulator. First, Faster-region based convolution neural network (Faster-RCNN) extracts bounding boxes of each object in a driving video. Second, the high-level event bounding boxes are calculated. Third, long-term recurrent convolution networks (LRCN) classify each type of extracted event. Finally, all multiple event classification results are combined into one scenario. The generated scenarios can be used in an autonomous driving simulator to teach multiple events that occur during real-world driving. To verify the performance of the proposed scenario generation method, experiments using real driving video data and a virtual simulator were conducted. The results for deep learning model show an accuracy of 95.6%; furthermore, multiple high-level events were extracted, and various scenarios were generated in a virtual simulator for smart sensors and devices of an autonomous vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisun Park
- Department of Multimedia Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea.
| | - Mingyun Wen
- Department of Multimedia Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea.
| | - Yunsick Sung
- Department of Multimedia Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea.
| | - Kyungeun Cho
- Department of Multimedia Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Korea.
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Noh HJ, Sadhasivam T, Jung DS, Lee K, Han M, Kim JY, Jung HY. Poly(styrene)-supported N-heterocyclic carbene coordinated iron chloride as a catalyst for delayed polyurethane polymerization. RSC Adv 2018; 8:37339-37347. [PMID: 35557808 PMCID: PMC9089435 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra07677d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An advanced organometallic catalyst based on N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) coordinated FeCl3 has been synthesized and used to control the reaction rate in polyurethane (PUR) polymerization. The imidazolium (Im)-based NHC was functionalized on the surface of the supporting material of bead-type chloromethyl polystyrene (PS) resin. The PS-Im-FeCl3 catalyst was synthesized through the coordination reaction between Im and FeCl3. The successful formation, functional groups, structure, and geometry of the PS-Im-FeCl3 catalysts were confirmed by Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. A thin layer of Im was observed to be coated uniformly on the PS bead surface and FeCl3 nanoparticles were observed to cover the coating layer homogeneously, as determined by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy measurements. The PUR polymerization reaction was investigated through viscosity measurements and non-isothermal activation energy calculations by differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Based on the viscosity measurements, delayed PUR polymerization was achieved using the PS-Im-FeCl3 catalyst system. The highest viscosity (6000 cP) was achieved without any catalyst, with triphenylene bismuth, and with the PS-Im-FeCl3 catalyst after 23, 5, and 25 h of reaction time, respectively. Furthermore, the calculated activation energies (E a) were 27.92 and 36.35 kJ mol-1 for the no-catalyst and the PS-Im-FeCl3 systems, respectively. Thus, the viscosity measurements and DSC analyses confirm that the PS-Im-FeCl3 catalyst considerably increases the PUR reaction time. The Im-FeCl3 catalyst supported by CMPS can control the reaction rate in PUR synthesis because of its high activity. Thus, the PS-Im-FeCl3 catalyst can be used as a curing retardant in the PUR industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon-Jun Noh
- Department of Environment & Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - T Sadhasivam
- Department of Environment & Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
- Center for Energy Storage System, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Sung Jung
- Department of Environment & Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
| | - Keundeuk Lee
- 4th R&D Institute 2nd Directorate Agency for Defence Development Yuseoung P. O. Box 35 Daejeon 34186 Korea
| | - Mingu Han
- 4th R&D Institute 2nd Directorate Agency for Defence Development Yuseoung P. O. Box 35 Daejeon 34186 Korea
| | - Ju-Young Kim
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kangwon National University Samcheok Kangwon 25913 Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Jung
- Department of Environment & Energy Engineering, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
- Center for Energy Storage System, Chonnam National University 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu Gwangju 61186 Republic of Korea
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Lee E, Lee D, Yoon J, Yin Y, Lee YN, Uprety S, Yoon YS, Kim DJ. Enhanced Gas-Sensing Performance of GO/TiO₂ Composite by Photocatalysis. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:E3334. [PMID: 30301181 PMCID: PMC6210210 DOI: 10.3390/s18103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the gas-sensing properties of graphene oxide/titanium dioxide (GO/TiO₂) composite combined with photocatalytic effect. Room temperature gas-sensing properties of the GO/TiO₂ composite were investigated towards various reducing gases. The composite sensor showed an enhanced gas response and a faster recovery time than a pure GO sensor due to the synergistic effect of the hybridization, such as creation of a hetero-junction at the interface and modulation of charge carrier density. However, the issue of long-term stability at room temperature still remains unsolved even after construction of a composite structure. To address this issue, the surface and hetero-junction of the GO/TiO₂ composite were engineered via a UV process. A photocatalytic effect of TiO₂ induced the reduction of the GO phase in the composite solution. The comparison of gas-sensing properties before and after the UV process clearly showed the transition from n-type to p-type gas-sensing behavior toward reducing gases. This transition revealed that the dominant sensing material is GO, and TiO₂ enhanced the gas reaction by providing more reactive sites. With a UV-treated composite sensor, the function of identifying target gas was maintained over a one-month period, showing strong resistance to humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Lee
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Doohee Lee
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Jaesik Yoon
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Yilin Yin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - You Na Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Sunil Uprety
- Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Young Soo Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea.
| | - Dong-Joo Kim
- Materials Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Park M, Kim J, Song H, Kim S, Jeon M. Fast and Stable Ionic Electroactive Polymer Actuators with PEDOT:PSS/(Graphene⁻Ag-Nanowires) Nanocomposite Electrodes. Sensors (Basel) 2018; 18:E3126. [PMID: 30223614 PMCID: PMC6163802 DOI: 10.3390/s18093126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ionic electroactive polymer (IEAP) actuators that are driven by electrical stimuli have been widely investigated for use in practical applications. However, conventional electrodes in IEAP actuators have a serious drawback of poor durability under long-term actuation in open air, mainly because of leakage of the inner electrolyte and hydrated cations through surface cracks on the metallic electrodes. To overcome this problem, a top priority is developing new high-performance ionic polymer actuators with graphene electrodes that have superior mechanical, electrical conductivity, and electromechanical properties. However, the task is made difficultby issues such as the low electrical conductivity of graphene (G). The percolation network of silver nanowires (Ag-NWs) is believed to enhance the conductivity of graphene, while poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), which exhibits excellent stability under ambient conditions, is expected to improve the actuation performance of IEAP actuators. In this study, we developed a very fast, stable, and durable IEAP actuator by employing electrodes made of a nanocomposite comprising PEDOT:PSS and graphene⁻Ag-NWs (P/(G⁻Ag)). The cost-effective P/(G⁻Ag) electrodes with high electrical conductivity displayed a smooth surface resulting from the PEDOT:PSS coating, which prevented oxidation of the surface upon exposure to air, and showedstrong bonding between the ionic polymer and the electrode surface. More interestingly, the proposed IEAP actuator based on the P/G⁻Ag electrode can be used in active biomedical devices, biomimetic robots, wearable electronics, and flexible soft electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minjeong Park
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Joohee Kim
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Hanjung Song
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
| | - Seonpil Kim
- Department of Military Information Science, Gyeongju University, Gyeongju 38065, Korea.
| | - Minhyon Jeon
- Department of Nanoscience and Engineering, Center for Nano Manufacturing, Inje University, Gimhae 50834, Korea.
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Jeong WH, Song DH, Hur GH, Jeong ST. Structure of the staphylococcal enterotoxin B vaccine candidate S19 showing eliminated superantigen activity. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:595-600. [PMID: 29095152 PMCID: PMC5683028 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17014844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Four mutations (N23A, Y90A, R110A and F177A) were introduced into S19, a vaccine candidate for staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), resulting in a lower binding affinity towards the T-cell receptor beta chain (TCB) and reducing its superantigen activity. The structure of S19 was solved and was superposed on the native or complex structure of SEB. In the superposition model, mutations that were introduced seemed to reduce the number of hydrogen bonds at the SEB-TCB interface. S19 also displayed an unexpected structural change around the flexible-loop region owing to the Y90A mutation. This local structural change provided evidence that the mutated form of S19 could have a lower affinity for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II than wild-type SEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Hyeon Jeong
- The 5th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong PO Box 35, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34188, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Song
- The 5th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong PO Box 35, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34188, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyeung Haeng Hur
- The 5th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong PO Box 35, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34188, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Tae Jeong
- The 5th R&D Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong PO Box 35, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34188, Republic of Korea
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Jo Y, Park S, Jung J, Yoon J, Joo H, Kim MH, Kang SJ, Choi MC, Lee SY, Park Y. Holographic deep learning for rapid optical screening of anthrax spores. Sci Adv 2017; 3:e1700606. [PMID: 28798957 PMCID: PMC5544395 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1700606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Establishing early warning systems for anthrax attacks is crucial in biodefense. Despite numerous studies for decades, the limited sensitivity of conventional biochemical methods essentially requires preprocessing steps and thus has limitations to be used in realistic settings of biological warfare. We present an optical method for rapid and label-free screening of Bacillus anthracis spores through the synergistic application of holographic microscopy and deep learning. A deep convolutional neural network is designed to classify holographic images of unlabeled living cells. After training, the network outperforms previous techniques in all accuracy measures, achieving single-spore sensitivity and subgenus specificity. The unique "representation learning" capability of deep learning enables direct training from raw images instead of manually extracted features. The method automatically recognizes key biological traits encoded in the images and exploits them as fingerprints. This remarkable learning ability makes the proposed method readily applicable to classifying various single cells in addition to B. anthracis, as demonstrated for the diagnosis of Listeria monocytogenes, without any modification. We believe that our strategy will make holographic microscopy more accessible to medical doctors and biomedical scientists for easy, rapid, and accurate point-of-care diagnosis of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- YoungJu Jo
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangjin Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Agency for Defense Development (ADD), Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea
| | - JaeHwang Jung
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jonghee Yoon
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosung Joo
- School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-hyeok Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Jo Kang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Chul Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Yup Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering (BK21 Plus Program), KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (S.Y.L.); (Y.P.)
| | - YongKeun Park
- Department of Physics, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Tomocube Inc., Daejeon 34051, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author. (S.Y.L.); (Y.P.)
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Kim HC, Kim WK, Klein TA, Chong ST, Nunn PV, Kim JA, Lee SH, No JS, Song JW. Hantavirus surveillance and genetic diversity targeting small mammals at Camp Humphreys, a US military installation and new expansion site, Republic of Korea. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176514. [PMID: 28448595 PMCID: PMC5407799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Small mammal surveillance was conducted (2008-2010, 2012) at Camp (Cp) Humphreys, a US Army installation and new expansion site, Republic of Korea (ROK), to identify hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome health threats to US military/civilian populations during its ongoing expansion phase. Small mammals were collected using Sherman live capture traps and transported to Korea University where they were euthanized, tissues removed, and assayed to determine hantavirus IgG antibody-positive and hantavirus-positive rates by RT-PCR. A total of 2,364 small mammals were captured over 11,300 trap nights (capture rate = 20.92%). Apodemus agrarius was the most commonly collected (76.65%), with capture rates of 9.62% and 21.70% for Cp Humphreys and the expansion site, respectively. Overall, Hantaan virus (HTNV) IgG antibody-positive (Ab+) rate for A. agrarius was 2.15% (39/1,812). A total of 5.43% (10/184) Crocidura lasiura, 0.79% (2/254) Microtus fortis and 2.44% (1/41) Micromys minutus were serologically IgG Ab+ for hantaviruses. HTNV-specific RT-PCR demonstrated that 28.2% (11/39) HTNV Ab+ A. agrarius harbored the 328-nt sequence of the GC glycoprotein-encoding M segment of HTNV. Among them, the whole genome sequences of 3 HTNV strains were obtained by conventional RT-PCR and Rapid Amplification cDNA Ends PCR. Phylogenetic analyses of the HTNV strains from Cp Humphreys and the expansion site, Pyeongtaek, show a greater diversity of rodent-borne hantaviruses compared to HTNV previously identified in Gyeonggi province of the ROK. Thus, this study provides significant insights for raising HFRS threat awareness, analysis, and risk reduction strategies in southern Gyeonggi province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heung-Chul Kim
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, United States of America
| | - Won-Keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Terry A. Klein
- MEDDAC-Korea, 65th Medical Brigade, United States of America
| | - Sung-Tae Chong
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, United States of America
| | - Peter V. Nunn
- 5th Medical Detachment, 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, United States of America
| | - Jeong-Ah Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun No
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Lee J, Hong MH, Han S, Na J, Kim I, Kwon YJ, Lim YB, Choi HJ. Sensitive and Selective Detection of HIV-1 RRE RNA Using Vertical Silicon Nanowire Electrode Array. Nanoscale Res Lett 2016; 11:341. [PMID: 27448026 PMCID: PMC4958096 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, HIV-1 Rev response element (RRE) RNA was detected via an Au-coated vertical silicon nanowire electrode array (VSNEA). The VSNEA was fabricated by combining bottom-up and top-down approaches and then immobilized by artificial peptides for the recognition of HIV-1 RRE. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) analysis was used to measure the electrochemical response of the peptide-immobilized VSNEA to the concentration and types of HIV-1 RRE RNA. DPV peaks showed linearity to the concentration of RNA with a detection limit down to 1.513 fM. It also showed the clear different peaks to the mutated HIV-1 RRE RNA. The high sensitivity and selectivity of VSNEA for the detection of HIV-1 RRE RNA may be attributed to the high surface-to-volume ratio and total overlap diffusion mode of ions of the one-dimensional nanowire electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaehyung Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Min-Ho Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Sanghun Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Jukwan Na
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Ilsoo Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Yong-Joon Kwon
- Defense Advanced R&D Center, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon, 34186, South Korea
| | - Yong-Beom Lim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Heon-Jin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
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Kim JA, Kim WK, No JS, Lee SH, Lee SY, Kim JH, Kho JH, Lee D, Song DH, Gu SH, Jeong ST, Park MS, Kim HC, Klein TA, Song JW. Genetic Diversity and Reassortment of Hantaan Virus Tripartite RNA Genomes in Nature, the Republic of Korea. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0004650. [PMID: 27315053 PMCID: PMC4912082 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hantaan virus (HTNV), a negative sense tripartite RNA virus of the Family Bunyaviridae, is the most prevalent hantavirus in the Republic of Korea (ROK). It is the causative agent of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) in humans and maintained in the striped field mouse, Apodemus agrarius, the primary zoonotic host. Clinical HFRS cases have been reported commonly in HFRS-endemic areas of Gyeonggi province. Recently, the death of a member of the ROK military from Gangwon province due to HFRS prompted an investigation of the epidemiology and distribution of hantaviruses in Gangwon and Gyeonggi provinces that border the demilitarized zone separating North and South Korea. Methodology and Principal Findings To elucidate the geographic distribution and molecular diversity of HTNV, whole genome sequences of HTNV Large (L), Medium (M), and Small (S) segments were acquired from lung tissues of A. agrarius captured from 2003–2014. Consistent with the clinical incidence of HFRS established by the Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (KCDC), the prevalence of HTNV in naturally infected mice in Gangwon province was lower than for Gyeonggi province. Whole genomic sequences of 34 HTNV strains were identified and a phylogenetic analysis showed geographic diversity of the virus in the limited areas. Reassortment analysis first suggested an occurrence of genetic exchange of HTNV genomes in nature, ROK. Conclusion/Significance This study is the first report to demonstrate the molecular prevalence of HTNV in Gangwon province. Whole genome sequencing of HTNV showed well-supported geographic lineages and the molecular diversity in the northern region of ROK due to a natural reassortment of HTNV genomes. These observations contribute to a better understanding of the genetic diversity and molecular evolution of hantaviruses. Also, the full-length of HTNV tripartite genomes will provide a database for phylogeographic analysis of spatial and temporal outbreaks of hantavirus infection. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) and Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) are endemic zoonotic infectious diseases caused by hantaviruses that belong to the Family Bunyaviridae containing negative-sense tripartite RNA genomes. Hantaviruses pose a critical emerging public health threat, with up to 200,000 clinical cases reported annually worldwide with 1–36% case fatality rates. In humans, hantavirus-borne diseases are contracted by the inhalation of viruses aerosolized from rodent excreta. However, there is no effective therapeutic or vaccine to prevent from the disease. Whole genome sequences of Hantaan virus (HTNV) were acquired from lung tissues of Apodemus agrarius captured in HFRS-endemic areas of the Republic of Korea (ROK). Phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that sequences of the HTNV tripartite genomes clustered geographically, showing broad diversity of HTNV throughout the areas surveyed. Reassortment analysis first suggested a natural occurrence of the HTNV genetic exchange in the ROK. These observations contribute to a better understanding of the genetic diversity and molecular evolution of hantaviruses in HFRS-endemic regions. The complete sequences of HTNV genomes will provide a database for the phylogeographic analysis and surveillance of endemic hantavirus-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ah Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-keun Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun No
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ho Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Young Lee
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hoon Kho
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daesang Lee
- Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hyun Song
- Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hun Gu
- Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Tae Jeong
- Agency for Defense Development, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Man-Seong Park
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Institute for Viral Diseases, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung-Chul Kim
- 168th Multifunctional Medical Battalion, 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15247, 5th Medical Detachment, Yongsan Army Garrison, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Terry A. Klein
- 65th Medical Brigade, Unit 15281, Public Health Command District-Korea, Yongsan Army Garrison, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Won Song
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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