1
|
Hefter H, Arslan M, Kruschel TS, Novak M, Rosenthal D, Meuth SG, Albrecht P, Hartmann CJ, Samadzadeh S. Pseudocholinesterase as a Biomarker for Untreated Wilson's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121791. [PMID: 36551217 PMCID: PMC9775970 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate that pseudocholinesterase (CHE) serum level is a useful diagnostic biomarker for untreated Wilson's disease (WD). Between 2013 and 2019, about 75 patients were referred to the outpatient department of the University of Düsseldorf with suspected Wilson's disease. In 31 patients with suspected Wilson's disease (WD-SUS-group), WD was excluded by means of investigations other than analysis of blood and urine. A total of 27 parameters of blood and urine in these 31 patients were compared to those of 20 de novo patients with manifest WD (WD-DEF-group), which parameter showed the highest significance level of difference between the WD-DEF-group and the WD-SUS-group. Thereafter, receiver operating characteristics (ROC-curves) were analyzed to evaluate which parameter showed the largest area under the curve (AUC) to detect WD. Finally, a logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze which combination of parameters allowed the best classification of the 51 patients either into the WD-DEF-group or into the WD-SUS-group. CHE showed the highest significance level for a difference between the WD-DEF- and WD-SUS-group, had the highest AUC, and, in combination with ceruloplasmin, allowed 100% correct classification. Without CHE, no other combination of parameters reached this level of correct classification. After the initiation of treatment, which regularly results in an improvement in CHE, the high diagnostic accuracy of this biomarker was lost. Cholinesterase turns out to be an excellent biomarker for differentiation between untreated de novo patients with manifest WD and heterozygotic gene carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harald Hefter
- Departments of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-211-811-7025
| | - Max Arslan
- Departments of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Departments of Anesthesiology, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Theodor S. Kruschel
- Departments of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Max Novak
- Departments of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Dietmar Rosenthal
- Departments of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sven G. Meuth
- Departments of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Albrecht
- Departments of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christian J. Hartmann
- Departments of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sara Samadzadeh
- Departments of Neurology, University of Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jeong WH, Lee JY, Lim KC, Kim HS. Identification and Study of Biomarkers from Novichok-Inhibited Butyrylcholinesterase in Human Plasma. Molecules 2021; 26:3810. [PMID: 34206601 PMCID: PMC8270327 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify biomarkers of ethyl (1-(diethylamino)ethylidene)phosphoramidofluoridate (A234)- or methyl (1-(diethylamino)ethylidene)phosphoramidofluoridate (A232)-inhibited butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), we investigated nonapeptide adducts containing the active site serine, which plays a key role in enzyme activity, using LC-MS/HRMS. Biomarkers were acquired as expected, and they exhibited a significant amount of fragment ions from the inhibiting agent itself, in contrast to the MS2 spectra of conventional nerve agents. These biomarkers had a higher abundance of [M+2H]2+ ions than [M+H]+ ions, making doubly charged ions more suitable for trace analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Woo-Hyeon Jeong
- Agency for Defense Development (ADD), P.O. Box 35, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34186, Korea; (J.-Y.L.); (K.-C.L.); (H.-S.K.)
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Katić A, Kašuba V, Kopjar N, Lovaković BT, Marjanović Čermak AM, Mendaš G, Micek V, Milić M, Pavičić I, Pizent A, Žunec S, Želježić D. Effects of low-level imidacloprid oral exposure on cholinesterase activity, oxidative stress responses, and primary DNA damage in the blood and brain of male Wistar rats. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 338:109287. [PMID: 33129804 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Imidacloprid is a neonicotinoid insecticide that acts selectively as an agonist on insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. It is used for crop protection worldwide, as well as for non-agricultural uses. Imidacloprid systemic accumulation in food is an important source of imidacloprid exposure. Due to the undisputable need for investigations of imidacloprid toxicity in non-target species, we evaluated the effects of a 28-day oral exposure to low doses of imidacloprid (0.06 mg/kg b. w./day, 0.8 mg/kg b. w./day and 2.25 mg/kg b. w./day) on cholinesterase activity, oxidative stress responses and primary DNA damage in the blood and brain tissue of male Wistar rats. Exposure to imidacloprid did not cause significant changes in total cholinesterase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in plasma and brain tissue. Reactive oxygen species levels and lipid peroxidation increased significantly in the plasma of rats treated with the lowest dose of imidacloprid. Activities of glutathione-peroxidase in plasma and brain and superoxide dismutase in erythrocytes increased significantly at the highest applied dose. High performance liquid chromatography with UV diode array detector revealed the presence of imidacloprid in the plasma of all the treated animals and in the brain of the animals treated with the two higher doses. The alkaline comet assay results showed significant peripheral blood leukocyte damage at the lowest dose of imidacloprid and dose-dependent brain cell DNA damage. Oral 28-day exposure to low doses of imidacloprid in rats resulted in detectable levels of imidacloprid in plasma and brain tissue that directly induced DNA damage, particularly in brain tissue, with slight changes in plasma oxidative stress parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Katić
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vilena Kašuba
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blanka Tariba Lovaković
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Marija Marjanović Čermak
- Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Gordana Mendaš
- Biochemistry and Organic Analytical Chemistry Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vedran Micek
- Animal Breeding Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pavičić
- Radiation Dosimetry and Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alica Pizent
- Analytical Toxicology and Mineral Metabolism Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Suzana Žunec
- Toxicology Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Davor Želježić
- Mutagenesis Unit, Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Ksaverska c. 2, HR-10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bernieri T, Rodrigues D, Randon Barbosa I, Perassolo MS, Grolli Ardenghi P, Basso da Silva L. Effect of pesticide exposure on total antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters in Brazilian soybean farmers. Drug Chem Toxicol 2021; 44:170-176. [PMID: 30950301 DOI: 10.1080/01480545.2019.1566353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Farmers represent a population highly vulnerable to the toxic effects of pesticide exposure. Antioxidant capacity and biochemical parameters have been used as biomarkers of occupational exposure to pesticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate hepatic and renal parameters as well as butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity and ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) considering high and low exposure periods in soybean farmers in southern Brazil. The exposed group consisted of 50 soybean farmers. Two control groups were used, composed by 35 (Novo Hamburgo control group) and 28 (Sertão control group) subjects not exposed to pesticides. Farmers blood samples were collected during the high and low pesticide exposure periods. BChE, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), urea, and creatinine levels were determined. The FRAP assay was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant potential in the exposed group. Considering the exposed group, significantly lower BChE and increased AST activity were observed during high pesticide exposure period as well as higher FRAP, urea and creatinine levels; however, ALT and GGT did not differ between the two periods. When compared with the control groups, only urea and creatinine were higher in the exposed group. The present results indicate that occupational exposure to mixtures of pesticides might elicit adverse effects at the biochemical level. In addition, the study highlights the importance in considering periods of a same crop season with different degree of pesticide exposure during biologic monitoring of these biochemical parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanandra Bernieri
- Health Sciences Institute, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | - Dabiana Rodrigues
- Health Sciences Institute, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cruz-Santiago O, Pérez-Maldonado IN, González-Mille DJ, Espinosa-Reyes G, Martínez-Toledo Á, Ilizaliturri-Hernández CA. Nondestructive biomarkers in giant toad (Rhinella marina) to assess the effect of complex mixture of pollutants in Coatzacoalcos River, Mexico. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 82:103558. [PMID: 33307127 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2020.103558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the usefulness of nondestructive biomarkers approach in giant toads (Rhinella marina). We obtained blood samples and the residual condition index of toads from rural and industrial zones from Coatzacoalcos River, Mexico (COA). In the blood samples, we determined the activity of enzymes, lipid peroxidation, and the presence of cell death (apoptosis). We found that the activity of the enzyme delta-aminolevulinic dehydratase was lower. Still, the glutathione s-transferase activity and the percentage of apoptosis in erythrocytes were higher in the toads of COA than laboratory toads. Meanwhile, some biomarkers in toads showed differences when compared between Industrial and Rural zones. These results and correlations between biomarkers showed how the response changed in the toads living near the industrial zones. We demonstrate that a nondestructive biomarkers approach can be useful in environmental studies with anuran amphibians.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Cruz-Santiago
- Programa Multidisciplinario de Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales (PMPCA), Agenda Ambiental, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Manuel Nava 201, Zona Universitaria, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Iván Nelinho Pérez-Maldonado
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), CIACyT - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Donaji Josefina González-Mille
- Cátedras Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT), Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Espinosa-Reyes
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), CIACyT - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Ángeles Martínez-Toledo
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), CIACyT - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - César Arturo Ilizaliturri-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación Aplicada en Ambiente y Salud (CIAAS), CIACyT - Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Sierra Leona 550, Lomas 2ª. Sección, 78210, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Amend N, Langgartner J, Siegert M, Kranawetvogl T, Koller M, John H, Pflügler C, Mögele-Schmid C, Worek F, Thiermann H, Wille T. A case report of cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning: cholinesterase activities and analytical methods for diagnosis and clinical decision making. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:2239-2247. [PMID: 32303803 PMCID: PMC7303096 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02741-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal ingestion of organophosphorus (OP) or carbamate (CM) compounds challenges health care systems worldwide, particularly in Southeast Asia. The diagnosis and treatment of OP or CM poisoning is traditionally based on the clinical appearance of the typical cholinergic toxidrome, e.g. miosis, salivation and bradycardia. Yet, clinical signs might be inconclusive or even misleading. A current case report highlights the importance of enzymatic assays to provide rapid information and support clinicians in diagnosis and rational clinical decision making. Furthermore, the differentiation between OP and CM poisoning seems important, as an oxime therapy will most probably not provide benefit in CM poisoning, but—as every pharmaceutical product—it might result in adverse effects. The early identification of the causing agent and the amount taken up in the body are helpful in planning of the therapeutic regimen including experimental strategies, e.g. the use of human blood products to facilitate scavenging of the toxic agent. Furthermore, the analysis of biotransformation products and antidote levels provides additional insights into the pathophysiology of OP or CM poisoning. In conclusion, cholinesterase activities and modern analytical methods help to provide a more effective treatment and a thorough understanding of individual cases of OP or CM poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Amend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, München, Germany
| | - J Langgartner
- Klinikum Landshut, Medical Clinic II, Robert-Koch-Straße 1, 84034, Landshut, Germany
| | - M Siegert
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, München, Germany
| | - T Kranawetvogl
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, München, Germany
| | - M Koller
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, München, Germany
| | - H John
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, München, Germany
| | - C Pflügler
- Klinikum Landshut, Medical Clinic II, Robert-Koch-Straße 1, 84034, Landshut, Germany
| | - C Mögele-Schmid
- Klinikum Landshut, Medical Clinic II, Robert-Koch-Straße 1, 84034, Landshut, Germany
| | - F Worek
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, München, Germany
| | - H Thiermann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, München, Germany
| | - T Wille
- Bundeswehr Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Neuherbergstraße 11, 80937, München, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Campello AC, Zanella LGFABDE, Suzuki RB, Tokumo MO, Chagas EFB, Baleotti W, Sperança MA, Martins LPA. Correlation of plasma butyrylcholinesterase concentration with Acethylcholinesterase H353N polymorphism in the inflammatory response of Chagas disease patients. Parasitol Int 2020; 76:102066. [PMID: 32006676 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2020.102066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi infection triggers an intense production of pro-inflammatory cytokines mediated by T helper 1 lymphocytes, inducing the anti-inflammatory reflex of acetylcholine (ACh). The ACh concentration modulation is associated to the two major esterases, the acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). AChE H353N protein polymorphism is related to low Chagas chronic disease prognostic. In order to evaluate the correlation of plasmatic BuChE concentration and the presence of AChE H353N polymorphism in Chagas disease patients and healthy individuals, we studied two groups of individuals, one of 61 Chagas disease patients and another of 74 healthy individuals. Plasma concentration of BuChE was measured by the chemiluminescent method and AChE H353N polymorphism was investigated by PCR-RFLP and sequencing of the respective encoding AChE gene fragment. The BuChE concentration was statistically higher in Chagas disease patients, with no AChE genotype significant influence. AChE genotypes YT*A/YT*A, YT*A/YT*B and YT*B/YT*B, respectively, were expressed in 53 (86.88%), 7 (11.46%) and one (1.64%) chagasic patients, and in 68 (91.89%), 6 (8.10%) and none healthy individuals. BuChE activity may represent an important marker for chronic Chagas disease inflammatory process and prognostic. Lower BuChE concentration correlated with AChE YT*B allele, although without statistical power.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A C Campello
- Department of Parasitology, Marília Medical School, Marília, SP, 17519-030, Brazil
| | - L G F A B D E Zanella
- Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, 01246-903, Brazil; Servidor Público Hospital, São Paulo, SP, 04038-034, Brazil
| | - R B Suzuki
- Department of Parasitology, Marília Medical School, Marília, SP, 17519-030, Brazil; School of Medicine, Marilia University, Marília, SP, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - M O Tokumo
- Department of Cardiology, Marília Medical School, Marília, SP, 17519-030, Brazil
| | - E F B Chagas
- Study Group on Aging and Obesity [GEEO], Marilia University, Marília, SP, 17525-902, Brazil
| | - W Baleotti
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Marília Medical School, Marília, SP, 17519-030, Brazil
| | - M A Sperança
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, São Bernardo do Campo, SP, 09606-070, Brazil
| | - L P A Martins
- Department of Parasitology, Marília Medical School, Marília, SP, 17519-030, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Adam EH, Haas V, Lindau S, Zacharowski K, Scheller B. Cholinesterase alterations in delirium after cardiosurgery: a German monocentric prospective study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e031212. [PMID: 31941763 PMCID: PMC7044931 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Postoperative delirium (POD) is a common complication after elective cardiac surgery. Recent evidence indicates that a disruption in the normal activity of the cholinergic system may be associated with delirium. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING Single-centre at a European academic hospital. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES In our study the enzyme activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) were determined preoperatively as well as on the first and second postoperative day. The confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit was used to screen patients for the presence of POD. RESULTS A total of 114 patients were included in the study. POD was associated with a decrease in BChE activity on postoperative day 1 (p=0.03). In addition, patients who developed POD, had significantly lower preoperative AChE activity than patients without POD (p<0.01). Multivariate analysis identified a preoperatively decreased AChE activity (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.14 to 8.46), anticholinergic treatment (OR 5.09; 95% CI 1.51 to 17.23), elevated European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (OR 3.68; 95% CI 1.04 to 12.99) and age (OR 3.02; 95% CI 1.06 to 8.62) to be independently associated with the development of POD. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a reduction in the acetylcholine hydrolysing enzyme activity in patients undergoing cardiac surgery may correlate with the development of POD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Hannah Adam
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Victoria Haas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Simone Lindau
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kai Zacharowski
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Bertram Scheller
- Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Evangelisches Krankenhaus Düsseldorf, Dusseldorf, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bernieri T, Moraes MF, Ardenghi PG, Basso da Silva L. Assessment of DNA damage and cholinesterase activity in soybean farmers in southern Brazil: High versus low pesticide exposure. J Environ Sci Health B 2019; 55:355-360. [PMID: 31868080 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2019.1704608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the DNA damage in soybean growers during two agricultural periods of a crop season (high and low exposure) and a control group, as well as butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity during these exposure periods in order to estimate the degree of BChE inhibition for the exposed group. DNA damage in peripheral whole blood was evaluated by the comet assay and plasma BChE activity was accessed as a measure of exposure to cholinesterase inhibitors. None of the soybean growers reported using full Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). BChE was lower in high exposure period than in low exposure period and DNA damage index was significantly increased in the high exposure period than in the low exposure period. In addition, DNA damage in both exposure periods was higher than control group. No correlation was found between exposure time and DNA damage and BChE activity. However, negative correlation was observed between DNA damage in high and low exposure periods. The results indicate that soybean growers are exposed to cholinesterase inhibitors and to pesticides mixtures with genotoxic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanandra Bernieri
- Health Sciences Institute, Feevale University, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Giraldo-Gutiérrez DS, Ruiz-Villa JO, Roncancio-Fernández ÁA. A peripheral nerve stimulator for succinylcholine? Peace of mind for patients and anaesthesiologists. Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim (Engl Ed) 2019; 66:490-491. [PMID: 31627934 DOI: 10.1016/j.redar.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D S Giraldo-Gutiérrez
- Servicio de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia; Programa de Especialización en Anestesiología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia.
| | - J O Ruiz-Villa
- Servicio de Anestesiología, Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Takeuchi I, Yanagawa Y, Nagasawa H, Jitsuiki K, Madokoro S, Takahashi N, Ohsaka H, Ishikawa K, Omori K. Decrease in Butyrylcholinesterase Accompanied by Intermediate-like Syndrome after Massive Ingestion of a Glyphosate-surfactant. Intern Med 2019; 58:3057-3059. [PMID: 31243240 PMCID: PMC6859399 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.2562-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
An 86-year-old woman intentionally drank approximately 300 mL of a glyphosate-surfactant. She was found with consciousness disturbance and experienced several vomiting episodes. On arrival, serum biochemistry revealed a decreased level of butyrylcholinesterase (B-CHE) [11 (normal range: 180-450) IU/L]. Later, her B-CHE level further decreased to single-digit values, and she became comatose with involuntary movement and an increase in muscle tone. Her consciousness level and muscle tone improved with the recovery of her B-CHE level. Physicians should be alert for the occurrence of intermediate syndrome when the B-CHE levels of patients who have consumed a massive amount of glyphosate-surfactant show a prolonged decrease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikuto Takeuchi
- Department of Acute Critical Care Medicine, Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University, Japan
| | - Youichi Yanagawa
- Department of Acute Critical Care Medicine, Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nagasawa
- Department of Acute Critical Care Medicine, Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University, Japan
| | - Kei Jitsuiki
- Department of Acute Critical Care Medicine, Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Madokoro
- Department of Acute Critical Care Medicine, Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University, Japan
| | - Norihito Takahashi
- Department of Acute Critical Care Medicine, Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Ohsaka
- Department of Acute Critical Care Medicine, Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University, Japan
| | - Kouhei Ishikawa
- Department of Acute Critical Care Medicine, Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Omori
- Department of Acute Critical Care Medicine, Shizuoka Hospital, Juntendo University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lv HY, Yang LH, Bu LN, Wang QL, Gu XL, Wang ZY, Ren PS, Li LX. A Case Report of Primary Neonatal Hypocholinesterase Caused by Homozygous Frameshift Mutation of the utyrylcholinesterase (BCHE) Gene and Review of Literature. Clin Lab 2019; 65. [PMID: 31307170 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2019.181254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary neonatal hypocholinesterase is rare; its genetic pattern and mutation still need to be further studied. METHODS The patient and his parents are studied using next-generation sequencing technology. RESULTS A boy one day after birth is admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at our hospital after experiencing intermittent vomiting for 12 hours. The patient's serum cholinesterase level (113 - 283 U/L) is lower than normal value (4,000 - 12,600 U/L). Many factors of low serum cholinesterase are excluded. We highly suspect that it may be related to congenital factors. Molecular genetic test results show that the patient carried the BCHE gene (NM_000055.2) and has homozygous frameshift mutations at exon 2 c.401dupA (p.Asn134fs) of chromosome 3q26. It is a pathogenicity mutation. This locus mutation belongs to a novel pathogenic mutation. As a result of this mutation, the 134th amino acid Asn began to frameshift and the translation is terminated early. It can cause the Encoding of protein to truncate and lose its normal function. His parents' serum cholinesterase levels (father: 5,135 U/L; mother: 4,367 U/L) are in the normal value range, but his parents carried a heterozygous BCHE gene. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that gene sequence detection should be carried out early in hypocholinesterase of nknown cause in neonates. This study can not only improve understanding of the etiology and pathological mechanism of hypocholinesterase, but also it can enlarge the hypocholinesterase gene mutation spectrum.
Collapse
|
13
|
Nili-Ahmadabadi A, Akbari Z, Ahmadimoghaddam D, Larki-Harchegani A. The role of ghrelin and tumor necrosis factor alpha in diazinon-induced dyslipidemia: insights into energy balance regulation. Pestic Biochem Physiol 2019; 157:138-142. [PMID: 31153461 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2019.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The evidence shows that organophosphate compounds (OPCs), as toxic agents that stimulate the cholinergic system, can increase the incidence of metabolic disorders such as dyslipidemia. In the present study, we focused on the role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and serum leptin and ghrelin in Diazinon (DZN)-induced dyslipidemia. The rats were randomly divided into five groups comprising eight animals, and all were treated via oral gavage for 28 consecutive days as follows: group one received only corn oil daily, while groups two through five received different doses of DZN dissolved in corn oil equal to 1/40, 1/20, 1/10 and 1/5 of the LD50 daily, respectively. The alteration of the serum lipid profile, such as triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), was confirmed the occurrence of dyslipidemia in the range of doses 1/20-1/5 LD50 of DZN. Although no changes were found in the serum leptin levels, a significant increase was observed in the size of adipocytes, as well as in the TNF-α and ghrelin serum levels, and in the accumulation of epididymal fat, especially at a dose of 1/5 LD50 of DZN. It seems that interactions among the inflammatory reaction, cholinergic pathways and ghrelin secretion may be effective causes of DZN-induced dyslipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Nili-Ahmadabadi
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Zahra Akbari
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Davoud Ahmadimoghaddam
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Amir Larki-Harchegani
- Medicinal Plants and Natural Products Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Santos CSA, Loureiro S, Sotillo A, Müller W, Stienen EWM, De Neve L, Lens L, Monteiro MS. Assay optimisation and age-related baseline variation in biochemical markers in Lesser Black-backed gulls. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 172:246-254. [PMID: 30711859 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Free-ranging animals are often used as bioindicators of both short- and long-term changes in ecosystem health, mainly to detect the presence and effects of contaminants. Birds, and gulls in particular, have been used as bioindicators over a broad range of marine and terrestrial ecosystems. In this study, we standardise the conditions for the use of a suite of biochemical markers in non-destructive matrices of Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus) to facilitate future biomonitoring of marine and terrestrial contaminants. We characterized cholinesterase (ChE) in plasma and optimized assay conditions for ChE activity as a marker of neurotoxic damage. Moreover, we quantified variation in activity of ChE, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT) as well as variation ranges of lipid peroxidation (LPO), in free-ranging adults and captive chicks. The main ChE form present in plasma of both adults and chicks was butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) followed by acetylcholinesterase (AChE), whose relative proportion in plasma tended to decrease with increased chick age. LPO levels and GST activity in blood cells (BCs) decreased significantly with increasing chick age, while BChE and LDH activity in plasma were not age-dependent. CAT in BCs tended to decline non-significantly in older chicks. Results of this study underscore the importance of standardising assay conditions and assessing intrinsic baseline variation in biochemical markers, before biochemical quantification. Data presented here provide a foundation for future use of BChE and LDH activity in plasma, as well as oxidative stress markers (LPO, CAT and GST) in BCs, to monitor environmental stress effects in Lesser Black-backed gulls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia S A Santos
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biology & CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Susana Loureiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Alejandro Sotillo
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biology & CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Wendt Müller
- Department of Biology - Behavioural Ecology and Ecophysiology Group, University of Antwerp, Campus Drie Eiken, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eric W M Stienen
- Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Havenlaan 88 Bus 73, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Liesbeth De Neve
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luc Lens
- Department of Biology, Terrestrial Ecology Unit, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marta S Monteiro
- Department of Biology & CESAM, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bernieri T, Rodrigues D, Barbosa IR, Ardenghi PG, Basso da Silva L. Occupational exposure to pesticides and thyroid function in Brazilian soybean farmers. Chemosphere 2019; 218:425-429. [PMID: 30476775 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.11.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Agriculture production has been supported especially by the use of pesticides for crop protection and pest control. Although the agricultural production has been increased by pesticides use, these substances also reach non-target organisms and may become a risk to the health of farmers. Several epidemiological studies in human have investigated the association between exposure to pesticides and altered serum levels of thyroid hormones, reporting both positive and negative results. Overall, the impact of pesticides on human thyroid function is still limited. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to access serum levels of free thyroxin (FT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in soybean farmers in southern Brazil. METHODS The exposed group was composed by 46 rural workers and 27 subjects not exposed to pesticides composed the control group. All subjects had blood samples collected by venipuncture in order to analyze the serum levels of FT4, TT3, TSH and BChE. RESULTS The results showed a significant decreasing in TSH and increasing in TT3 and FT4 in rural workers, compared to control group. BChE levels were lower in exposed group than in control group. The results suggest that farmers are exposed to mixtures of pesticides with endocrine disruptor properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tanandra Bernieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Feevale University, ERS-239, 2755, Zip Code: 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Dabiana Rodrigues
- Department of Health Sciences, Feevale University, ERS-239, 2755, Zip Code: 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Isadora Randon Barbosa
- Department of Health Sciences, Feevale University, ERS-239, 2755, Zip Code: 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Grolli Ardenghi
- Department of Health Sciences, Feevale University, ERS-239, 2755, Zip Code: 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luciano Basso da Silva
- Department of Health Sciences, Feevale University, ERS-239, 2755, Zip Code: 93525-075, Novo Hamburgo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Markowicz-Piasecka M, Huttunen KM, Sikora J. Metformin and its sulphonamide derivative simultaneously potentiateanti-cholinesterase activity of donepezil and inhibit beta-amyloid aggregation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:1309-1322. [PMID: 30251898 PMCID: PMC6161601 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1499627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess in vitro the effects of sulphenamide and sulphonamide derivatives of metformin on the activity of human acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), establish the type of inhibition, and assess the potential synergism between biguanides and donepezil towards both cholinesterases (ChEs) and the effects on the β-amyloid aggregation. Sulphonamide 5 with para-trifluoromethyl- and ortho-nitro substituents in aromatic ring inhibited AChE in a mixed-type manner at micromolar concentrations (IC50 = 212.5 ± 48.3 µmol/L). The binary mixtures of donepezil and biguanides produce an anti-AChE effect, which was greater than either compound had alone. A combination of donepezil and sulphonamide 5 improved the IC50 value by 170 times. Compound 5 at 200 µmol/L inhibited Aβ aggregation by ∼20%. In conclusion, para-trifluoromethyl-ortho-nitro-benzenesulphonamide presents highly beneficial anti-AChE and anti-Aβ aggregation properties which could serve as a promising starting point for the design and development of novel biguanide-based candidates for AD treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Kristiina M. Huttunen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School Of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Abstract
RATIONALE Hereditary genetic mutations may cause congenital cholinesterase deficiency. When succinylcholine and mivacurium are applied on cholinesterase-deficient patients during general anesthesia, prolonged postoperative asphyxia occurs, which is an uncommon but very serious complication. PATIENT CONCERNS A previously healthy 30-year-old female presented prolonged spontaneous breathing recovery after general anesthesia. DIAGNOSES After the patient's postoperative spontaneous breathing recovery delayed, the plasma cholinesterase was found to be 27 U/L, which was far below the normal level (4000 U/L to 13500 U/L). This patient had no disease that can cause plasma cholinesterase deficiency and was therefore diagnosed as congenital cholinesterase deficiency. INTERVENTIONS AND OUTCOMES The patient was sent to the intensive care unit (ICU) intubated for mechanical ventilator support, and on the next day the tracheal tube was removed without any complications when her spontaneous respiration resumed. LESSONS Cholinesterase is an enzyme secreted by the liver involved in many physiological processes in human body. Plasma cholinesterase commonly contains acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). When succinylcholine and mivacurium are applied on patients with cholinesterase-deficiency during general anesthesia, prolonged postoperative asphyxia occurs, which is an uncommon but very serious complication. Lately, new evidences have suggested that hereditary genetic mutations may be responsible for congenital cholinesterase deficiency.
Collapse
|
18
|
Assis CRD, Linhares AG, Cabrera MP, Oliveira VM, Silva KCC, Marcuschi M, Maciel Carvalho EVM, Bezerra RS, Carvalho LB. Erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase as biomarker of pesticide exposure: new and forgotten insights. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:18364-18376. [PMID: 29797194 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2303-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) acts on the hydrolysis of acetylcholine, rapidly removing this neurotransmitter at cholinergic synapses and neuromuscular junctions as well as in neuronal growth and differentiation, modulation of cell adhesion ("electrotactins") and aryl-acylamidase activity (AAA). This enzyme is also found in erythrocyte, as 160 kDa dimer that anchors to the plasma membrane via glycophosphatidylinositol. The function of this enzyme in erythrocytes has not yet been elucidated; however, it is suspected to participate in cell-to-cell interactions. Here, a review on erythrocyte AChE characteristics and use as biomarker for organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides is presented since it is the first specific target/barrier of the action of these pesticides, besides plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). However, some past and current methods have disadvantages: (a) not discriminating the activities of AChE and BChE; (b) low accuracy due to interference of hemoglobin in whole blood samples. On the other hand, extraction methods of hemoglobin-free erythrocyte AChE allows: (a) the freezing and transporting of samples; (b) samples free of colorimetric interference; (c) data from only erythrocyte AChE activity; (d) erythrocyte AChE specific activity presents higher correlation with the central nervous system AChE than other peripheral ChEs; (e) slow spontaneous regeneration against anti-ChEs agents of AChE in comparison to BChE, thus increasing the chances of detecting such compounds following longer interval after exposure. As monitoring perspectives, hemoglobin-free methodologies may be promising alternatives to assess the degree of exposure since they are not influenced by this interfering agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caio R D Assis
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil.
| | - Amanda G Linhares
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Mariana P Cabrera
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Vagne M Oliveira
- Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Bioativos, Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal, DMFA, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Kaline C C Silva
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
- Universidade Estadual da Bahia, Paulo Afonso, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marina Marcuschi
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Elba V M Maciel Carvalho
- Laboratório de Glicoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Ranilson S Bezerra
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Luiz B Carvalho
- Laboratório de Enzimologia - LABENZ, Departamento de Bioquímica and Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami - LIKA, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Teralı K, Dalmizrak O, Hoti Q, Ozer N. Evaluation of the inhibitory effect of abamectin on mammalian butyrylcholinesterase: Enzyme kinetic and molecular docking studies. J Environ Sci Health B 2018; 53:713-718. [PMID: 29883250 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2018.1480155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Abamectin, a blend of the natural avermectins B1a and B1b, is a widely-used insecticide/miticide with relatively low toxicity to mammals. Exposure to high doses of it, however, leads to cholinergic-like neurotoxic effects. Butyrylcholinesterase, which is best known for its abundant presence in plasma, is a serine hydrolase loosely coupled with the cholinergic system. It protects and supports the neurotransmitter function of its sister enzyme acetylcholinesterase. Here, using experimental and computational studies, we provide evidence demonstrating that abamectin is a potent (IC50 = 10.6 μM; Ki = 2.26 ± 0.35 μM) inhibitor of horse serum butyrylcholinesterase and that it interacts with the enzyme in a reversible, competitive manner predictively to block the mouth of the active-site gorge of the enzyme and to bind to several critical residues that normally bind/hydrolyze choline esters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Teralı
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, Near East University , Nicosia , Turkey
| | - Ozlem Dalmizrak
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, Near East University , Nicosia , Turkey
| | - Qendresa Hoti
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, Near East University , Nicosia , Turkey
| | - Nazmi Ozer
- a Department of Medical Biochemistry , Faculty of Medicine, Near East University , Nicosia , Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Suemizu H, Kawai K, Murayama N, Nakamura M, Yamazaki H. Chimeric mice with humanized liver as a model for testing organophosphate and carbamate pesticide exposure. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:1424-1430. [PMID: 29235720 PMCID: PMC5969263 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2017] [Revised: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnosis of acute intoxication with organophosphate (OP) or carbamate (CM) pesticides in humans is achieved by measuring plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity. However, BuChE activity is not an ideal biomarker in experimental animal models. The aim of this study was to establish an experimental mouse model for evaluating exposure to OP and CM pesticides by monitoring BuChE activity using chimeric mice in which the liver was reconstituted with human hepatocytes. RESULTS A single oral administration of acephate (300 mg/kg), chlorpyrifos (10 mg/kg), fenobucarb (300 mg/kg) or molinate (250 mg/kg) in chimeric mice led to inhibition of >95%, > 95%, 28% and 60% of plasma BuChE activity after 7, 0.5, 0.5 and 7 h, respectively. Dose-dependent decreases in plasma BuChE activity were also observed for acephate and chlorpyrifos. A 5-day repeated-dose study with 10 or 30 mg/kg acephate found a constitutive reduction in plasma BuChE activity to 80% and 70% of pre-dose levels, respectively. CONCLUSION Changes in plasma BuChE activity in chimeric mice with humanized liver clearly reflected the exposure levels of OP and CM pesticides. These results suggest that the humanized-liver mouse model may be suitable for estimating levels of exposure to these pesticides in humans. © 2017 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Suemizu
- Laboratory Animal Research DepartmentCentral Institute for Experimental AnimalsKawasakiJapan
| | - Kenji Kawai
- Pathology Analysis CenterCentral Institute for Experimental AnimalsKawasakiJapan
| | - Norie Murayama
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsShowa Pharmaceutical UniversityMachidaJapan
| | - Masato Nakamura
- Department of Pathology and Regenerative MedicineTokai University School of MedicineIseharaJapan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and PharmacokineticsShowa Pharmaceutical UniversityMachidaJapan
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ramírez-Santana M, Farías-Gómez C, Zúñiga-Venegas L, Sandoval R, Roeleveld N, Van der Velden K, Scheepers PTJ, Pancetti F. Biomonitoring of blood cholinesterases and acylpeptide hydrolase activities in rural inhabitants exposed to pesticides in the Coquimbo Region of Chile. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196084. [PMID: 29718943 PMCID: PMC5931667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In Chile, agriculture is a relevant economic activity and is concomitant with the use of pesticides to improve the yields. Acute intoxications of agricultural workers occur with some frequency and they must be reported to the surveillance system of the Ministry of Health. However the impacts of chronic and environmental pesticide exposure have been less studied. Among pesticides frequently used in Chile for insects control are organophosphates (OP) and carbamates (CB). They are inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). In this study we determined the pattern of both biomarkers activity in three populations with different type of chronic exposure to OP/CB: environmentally exposed (EE), occupationally exposed (OE) and a reference group (RG) without exposure. Besides this, we also measured the activity of acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH), an enzyme involved in relevant functions in the central synapses that is also expressed in erythrocytes and previously reported to be highly inhibited by some OP. A baseline measurement was done in both exposure groups and then a second measurement was done during the spraying season. The RG was measured only once at any time of the year. Our results indicate that people under chronic OP/CB exposure showed an adaptive response through an increase of basal BChE activity. During the spray season only BChE activity was decreased in the EE and OE groups (p<0.05 and p<0.01, respectively) and the higher magnitude of BChE inhibition was observed in the EE group. The analysis of the frequencies of inhibition above 30% (biological tolerance limit declared by Chilean legislation) indicated that BChE was most frequently inhibited in the EE group (53% of the individuals displayed inhibition) and AChE in the OE group (55% of the individuals displayed AChE inhibition). APEH activity showed the highest frequency of inhibition in the EE group independent of its magnitude (64%). Our results demonstrate that the rural population living nearby agricultural settings displays high levels of environmental exposure. APEH activity seems to be a sensitive biomarker for acute low-level exposure and its usefulness as a routine biomarker must to be explored in future studies. Systematic biomonitoring and health outcomes studies are necessary as well as obtaining the baseline for BChE and AChE activity levels with the aim to improve environmental and occupational health policies in Chile.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Ramírez-Santana
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Cristián Farías-Gómez
- Laboratory of Environmental Neurotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Liliana Zúñiga-Venegas
- Laboratory of Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Sandoval
- Laboratory of Environmental Neurotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Nel Roeleveld
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koos Van der Velden
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul T. J. Scheepers
- Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floria Pancetti
- Laboratory of Environmental Neurotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ferré DM, Lentini VR, Romano RR, Ludueña HR, Jotallán PJ, Gorla NBM. Reference values for acetyl and butyrylcholinesterases in cattle under actual management conditions, hepatic and renal function by application of chlorpyrifos. J Environ Sci Health B 2018; 53:191-198. [PMID: 29293401 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2017.1405622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos is an anticholinesterase organophosphate insecticide widely used in Argentina in the production of food derived from animal, fruit and horticultural origin and is reported as a residue within these products. Local reference values for acetyl and butyrylcholinesterase were determined in Aberdeen Angus bovine and cross bred cattle (n = 25), a requirement to be able to evaluate toxicity of commercial organophosphate and carbamate formulations. The activity of cholinesterase enzymes presented an overall mean of 2,183.00 ± 485.6 IU L-1 for erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase and 203.1 ± 42.06 IU L-1 for plasma butyrylcholinesterase, which are used as reference values for meat steers within a system of intensive production in a semi-arid region. The toxic potential of chlorpyrifos in steers of the same breeds (n = 12) was assessed applying chlorpyrifos 15.00% Tipertox® in a single therapeutic dose of 7.50 mg kg-1 by topical route. Prior to application and then on day 1 and day 21 post-application, both blood cholinesterases, serum chlorpyrifos concentration by ultra-high resolution liquid chromatography with mass detector, analysis of blood counts, total proteins, liver enzymes, urea and creatinine were evaluated. The mean plasma concentration of chlorpyrifos was 27.90 ug L-1 at 24 h. The findings indicate that the therapeutic treatment of castrated male bovines treated with chlorpyrifos, applied by pour-on according to the manufacturer's instructions, does not cause changes in the variables evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Ferré
- a Laboratorio de Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza , Guaymallén , Mendoza , Argentina
- b Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Argentina
| | - Valeria R Lentini
- a Laboratorio de Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza , Guaymallén , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - R Raquel Romano
- a Laboratorio de Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza , Guaymallén , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - Hector R Ludueña
- a Laboratorio de Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza , Guaymallén , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - Paola J Jotallán
- a Laboratorio de Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza , Guaymallén , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - Nora B M Gorla
- a Laboratorio de Genética, Ambiente y Reproducción, Universidad Juan Agustín Maza , Guaymallén , Mendoza , Argentina
- b Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) , Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Objectives: In this study, we aimed to retrospectively assess the correlation of pseudocholinesterase (PChE) levels with age, gender, body weight and diagnosed psychiatric diseases in electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) cases. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Bülent Ecevit University Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey, between 2007 and 2011. In the study, 193 ECT case files were retrospectively scanned to evaluate PChE values before ECT and other file information. Results: There was no difference between gender in terms of PChE levels. Correlation analysis determined a weakly positive correlation between age (p=0.013; correlation coefficient [cc]: 0.178) and body weight (p<0.001; cc: 0.273) and PChE levels. No correlation was found between age, gender, weight or psychiatric diagnosis, and PChE levels. Conclusion: Neuromuscular blockage is a significant factor that increases patient safety, while increasing the efficacy of ECT. In choosing muscle relaxant agents, both patient factors and the pharmacological properties of the neuromuscular blocker should be considered. We think that in situations with delayed recovery of ECT cases without identified PChE levels, low PChE levels must be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Küçükosman
- Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Faculty of Medicine, Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey. E-mail.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
do Nascimento CP, Maretto GX, Marques GLM, Passamani LM, Abdala AP, Schenberg LC, Beijamini V, Sampaio KN. Methamidophos, an Organophosphorus Insecticide, Induces Pro-aggressive Behaviour in Mice. Neurotox Res 2017; 32:398-408. [PMID: 28540662 PMCID: PMC5750394 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-017-9750-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Although evidence indicates that exposure to organophosphorus (OP) pesticides induces neurobehavioral disorders, little is known about the effects of OP on aggressive behaviour. Our study investigated the effects of repeated exposure to an OP pesticide, methamidophos, on the isolation-induced aggressive behaviour in mice. Forty seven male mice were individually housed for a month. Socially isolated animals were then confronted with a standard non-isolated opponent for 15 min (pre-treatment trial), and the latency and frequency of aggressive and general exploratory behaviours were recorded. Based on the presence of attack behaviour in the pre-treatment trial, mice were classified as isolation-induced aggressive and non-aggressive. All mice were then treated for 7 days with methamidophos (3.5 mg/kg/day, n = 22, intraperitoneal (i.p.)) or saline (1 mL/kg/day, control group, n = 25, i.p.), and a second trial was performed. Repeated exposure to methamidophos induced attack behaviour in non-aggressive mice. The treatment with methamidophos also decreased plasma butyrylcholinesterase and brain acetylcholinesterase activity. These results suggest that methamidophos has a pro-aggressive effect on socially isolated mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Paula do Nascimento
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, ES, 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriella Xavier Maretto
- Department of Physiological Sciences, UFES, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Graziany Leite Moreira Marques
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, ES, 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Luciana Mesquita Passamani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, ES, 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Abdala
- School of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK
| | - Luiz Carlos Schenberg
- Department of Physiological Sciences, UFES, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Beijamini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, ES, 29043-900, Brazil
| | - Karla Nívea Sampaio
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Marechal Campos, 1468, Maruípe, Vitória, ES, 29043-900, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rosenberg YJ, Mao L, Jiang X, Lees J, Zhang L, Radic Z, Taylor P. Post-exposure treatment with the oxime RS194B rapidly reverses early and advanced symptoms in macaques exposed to sarin vapor. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 274:50-57. [PMID: 28693885 PMCID: PMC5586507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate (OP) nerve agents and pesticides trigger a common mechanism of neurotoxicity resulting from critical targeting and inhibition of acetylcholinesterases (AChE) in central and peripheral synapses in the cholinergic nervous system. Therapeutic countermeasures have thus focused on either administering an oxime post-exposure, that can rapidly reactivate OP-inhibited AChE, or by preventing OP poisoning through administering pre-exposure treatments that scavenge OPs before they inhibit their physiological AChE targets. While several pyridinium aldoxime antidotes are currently approved, their utility is impaired due to their inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) efficiently. The present study utilized a macaque (Ma) model to demonstrate the efficacy of a novel zwitterionic and centrally acting oxime RS194B to reactivate sarin- and paraoxon-inhibited macaque AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in vitro and to further assess the capacity of RS194B to effect a reversal of clinical symptoms following sarin inhalation in vivo. In vitro, oxime reactivation of MaAChE and MaBChE was shown to be comparable to their human orthologs, while the macaque studies indicated that IM administration of 62.5 mg/kg of RS194B and 0.28 mg/kg atropine after continuous exposure to 49.6 μg/kg sarin vapor, rapidly reactivated the inhibited AChE and BChE in blood and reversed both early and advanced clinical symptoms of sarin-induced toxicity following pulmonary exposure within 1 h. The rapid cessation of autonomic and central symptoms, including convulsions, observed in macaques bodes well for the use of RS194B as an intra- or post-exposure human treatment and validates the macaque model in generating efficacy and toxicology data required for approval under the FDA Animal rule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Limin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0650, USA.
| | - Zoran Radic
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0650, USA.
| | - Palmer Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093-0650, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Mousa SO, Sayed SZ, Moussa MM, Hassan AH. Assessment of platelets morphological changes and serum butyrylcholinesterase activity in children with diabetic ketoacidosis: a case control study. BMC Endocr Disord 2017; 17:23. [PMID: 28376867 PMCID: PMC5381123 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-017-0174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies indicated that mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) may be valuable in the diagnosis and management of clinical disorders; also, serum butyrylcholinesterase activity (BChE) was suggested to be linked to systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. Limited studies measured these readily available markers in children with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Our objectives were to measure MPV, PDW and BChE in children with DKA; and to assess if any of these markers reflects the severity of DKA. METHODS Our study included: 30 children with DKA (DKA group), 30 diabetic children (Non-DKA group) and 30 apparently healthy children (control group). MPV, PDW and BChE were measured in all children. Additional blood samples were withdrawn from the DKA group to assess these markers at discharge from hospital. RESULTS MPV, PDW and BChE were significantly altered in the DKA group than the other two groups; and their levels improved significantly at discharge of the DKA group (p < 0.05). The three markers were found to equally to predict the presence of DKA, but MPV was the most suitable risk marker for DKA diagnosis (OR = 4.251, CI 95% =1.463-12.351, p = 0.003). Regarding their relation with DKA severity, they did not correlate significantly with arterial PH or serum HCO3- (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION DKA in children is associated with changes in MPV, PDW and BChE activity, which improve after resolution of the condition. Elevated MPV can be a suitable risk marker for DKA. None of the studied markers correlated with the severity of DKA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suzan Omar Mousa
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| | - Samira Zein Sayed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed Hamdy Hassan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Minia University, El-Minya, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
California (CA) has a long-standing formal blood cholinesterase (ChE) monitoring program for mixers, loaders, and applicators of pesticides. When the authors found commercial clinical kits were not optimal for assaying blood ChEs, CA regulations were revised to specify use of the Ellman ChE assay or to demonstrate a conversion factor with a correlation ( r2) of 0.9 or better. The authors were enlisted to work with the clinical laboratories. Only two of seven participating laboratories generated an acceptable correlation for red blood cells (RBCs), whereas four of five laboratories had an acceptable correlation for plasma ChE. Subsequently, the CA Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR) restated the need to meet this requirement and the authors worked with several of the clinical laboratories using a bovine ghost RBC ChE as a reference. Unfortunately, only 3 of 10 laboratories had acceptable correlations. Next, the authors provided all interested laboratories with human blood and plasma samples to perform the comparison study outlined in the regulation (Section 6728f). Fourteen laboratories participated; 9 met the ChE criteria for whole blood, 14 for plasma, and 6 for RBCs. Based on such data, on July 8, 2003, DPR notified the CA Agricultural Commissioners that nine of the participating laboratories were approved for ChE testing. Later work resulted in acceptable RBC values for two of the laboratories and their approval. The authors continue to work with laboratories interested in being on the approved list. The current list may be seen at www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/whs/lablist.htm .
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barry W Wilson
- Department of Animal Science and Environmental Toxicology, University of California-Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sun L, Qi X, Tan Q, Yang H, Qi X. Low Serum-Butyrylcholinesterase Activity as a Prognostic Marker of Mortality Associates with Poor Cardiac Function in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Clin Lab 2016; 62:1093-9. [PMID: 27468571 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2015.151013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity seems to have an independent prognostic role in acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. A previous study showed that serum BChE activity had a diagnostic value for chronic heart failure. This raises a question: whether BChE activity is associated with cardiac function in ACS, and if so, is this association related to the predictive value of BChE? The aim of this study was to determine the association between BChE activity with cardiac function assessed by Killip class and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and to evaluate the independent prognostic role of BChE with consideration of these two indicators. METHODS A total of 350 consecutive patients with AMI were retrospectively included. Serum BChE activity was measured upon admission. All patients were divided into two groups according to median value of BChE activity. All-cause death was defined as endpoint. The prognostic value of mortality was assessed by using Cox regression analysis. RESULTS BChE activity was higher in patients with low Killip class (I or II) than that in those with high Killip class (III and IV) (7.0 +/- 1.3 or 7.0 +/- 1.5 vs. 6.2 +/- 1.6, p < 0.01). BChE activity was positively correlated with LVEF (r = 0.24, p < 0.001). During a mean follow-up period of 29 +/- 7 months, 25 patients died. BChE activity was significantly higher in surviving patients compared with non-surviving ones (7.0 +/- 1.4 vs. 5.7 +/- 1.3, p < 0.001). The survival rates were 89% and 97%, respectively, in the low and high groups of BChE activity. In a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, after adjusting for potential confounders, BChE activity was an independent predictor of mortality after myocardial infarction [Hazard Ratio (HR) 0.65, 95% CI 0.46 - 0.91; p = 0.0131. However, when introducing Killip class and LVEF into the model, BChE activity was not in the equation. CONCLUSIONS Low BChE activity as a predictor of mortality in AMI might be related to its association with poor cardiac function.
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
The plasma enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) is of clinical interest because of the occurrence of genetic variants with decreased ability to hydrolyse, and therefore inactivate, muscle-relaxant drugs such as suxamethonium. Analysis of BChE involves the determination of both enzyme activity and biochemical phenotypes which are used to determine the risk of so-called 'scoline apnoea'. Problems in analysis arise from both the lack of a universally accepted reference method and the variety of substrates and conditions employed for the determination of activity and phenotypes. Phenotype is determined by the use of specific enzyme inhibitors that produce phenotype-specific patterns of 'inhibitor numbers'. DNA analysis is now possible, and true genotypes can be obtained. The nomenclature in use for cholinesterase studies can cause problems in interpretation and reporting as there is poor understanding of the difference between phenotype and genotype, and terms are often, inappropriately, transposed. Techniques for both biochemical and molecular analysis of the enzyme are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Goodall
- The Cholinesterase Investigation Unit, Department of Clinical Biochemistry, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol BS10 5NB, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Troiano AT, Grue CE. Plasma cholinesterase activity as a biomarker for quantifying exposure of green sturgeon to carbaryl following applications to control burrowing shrimp in Washington State. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016; 35:2003-15. [PMID: 26678014 DOI: 10.1002/etc.3344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Willapa Bay (Washington State, USA) has been 1 of the rare intertidal locations where large-scale pesticide applications occur. Until recently, carbaryl was applied to control burrowing shrimp that decrease commercial oyster productivity. The bay is a critical habitat for green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris), an anadromous species listed as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act. However, the hazard that carbaryl poses is unknown. Surrogate seawater-acclimated white sturgeon (A. transmontanus) were exposed to 0 μg L(-1) , 30 μg L(-1) , 100 μg L(-1) , 300 μg L(-1) , 1000 μg L(-1) , and 3000 μg L(-1) carbaryl for 6 h, and brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activities were measured. Enzyme recovery was measured in an additional cohort exposed to 1000 μg L(-1) carbaryl for 6 h. Activity of AChE was reduced (p ≤ 0.001) at concentrations ≥ 100 μg L(-1) with recovery in the 1000 μg L(-1) cohort by 72 h. Surprisingly, BChE activity was greater than controls at concentrations ≥ 300 μg L(-1) (p > 0.05), a finding confirmed in additional fish exposed to 3000 μg L(-1) for 6 h (+30%, p < 0.001) with apparent recovery by 48 h. Plasma samples were collected from free-living green sturgeon before and 4 d to 5 d after application of carbaryl in Willapa Bay. Activity of BChE after application was reduced 28% (p < 0.001), indicating exposure to the pesticide. However, the lack of congruence between BChE and AChE activity in captive white sturgeon exposed to carbaryl indicates that further studies are needed to better understand the risk carbaryl exposure poses to green sturgeon. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2003-2015. © 2015 SETAC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Troiano
- Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Christian E Grue
- Washington Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington, US Geological Survey, Seattle, Washington, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
A prospective study was undertaken to find the incidence of hyperamylasemia and acute pancreatitis in patients with anticholinesterase poisoning. This was done by serial estimation of total serum amylase and pancreatic imaging by ultrasonography and confirmed, if necessary, by computerized tomography. Anticholinesterase poisoning was caused by either ingestion or accidental exposure to organophosphates or carbamates; it was diagnosed when patients presented with features of cholinergic crisis, depressed serum butrylcholinesterase activity of >50% and showed improvement following administration of atropine alone or atropine and 2-PAM. All the patients admitted with anticholinesterase poisoning between July 2001 and June 2005 were prospectively studied for elevated serum amylase. The serum amylase levels were estimated daily up to 10 days in survivors and in nonsurvivors till they survived. Ultrasonography of the abdomen was carried out in all to find swelling of the pancreas. Computerized tomography was undertaken in those who had a swollen pancreas or whose serum amylase levels were elevated significantly (≥800 S.U). Of the 86 patients enrolled, 79 were taken up for analysis as data were incomplete in 7. Of the 79 patients, serum amylase was found to be elevated that is, >200 S.U. in 37 patients (46.95%). In three patients it was 800 S.U. One of them showed swollen pancreas on ultrasonography, which was confirmed by computerized tomography. This patient had ingested propoxyfur. In the other two patients, evidence of acute pancreatitis was not observed (on autopsy in one who died and on imaging in the other who survived). They had ingested chlorpyriphos. There was no significant correlation between the nature of the compounds (organophosphate or carbamates), inhibition of serum BUChE at admission, duration and severity of cholinergic syndrome and increase and time course of increase in serum amylase. Except for fenthion, significant persistent increase in serum amylase was not observed with individual compounds. The other associated abnormalities were polymorphonuclear leukocytosis (TLC >11 000/cumm) in all 37 patients who had elevated amylase, hyperglycemia (6/37) and, elevated transaminases (6/37). Mild elevation of serum amylase is common in patients with anticholinesterase poisoning. However, acute pancreatitis is rare. Human & Experimental Toxicology (2007) 26, 467—471
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Surjit Singh
- Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Schopfer LM, Lockridge O. Tetramer-organizing polyproline-rich peptides differ in CHO cell-expressed and plasma-derived human butyrylcholinesterase tetramers. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1864:706-714. [PMID: 26947244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tetrameric butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) in human plasma is the product of multiple genes, namely one BCHE gene on chromosome 3q26.1 and multiple genes that encode polyproline-rich peptides. The function of the polyproline-rich peptides is to assemble BChE into tetramers. CHO cells transfected with human BChE cDNA express BChE monomers and dimers, but only low quantities of tetramers. Our goal was to identify the polyproline-rich peptides in CHO-cell derived human BChE tetramers. CHO cell-produced human BChE tetramers were purified from serum-free culture medium. Peptides embedded in the tetramerization domain were released from BChE tetramers by boiling and identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 270 proline-rich peptides were sequenced, ranging in size from 6-41 residues. The peptides originated from 60 different proteins that reside in multiple cell compartments including the nucleus, cytoplasm, and endoplasmic reticulum. No single protein was the source of the polyproline-rich peptides in CHO cell-expressed human BChE tetramers. In contrast, 70% of the tetramer-organizing peptides in plasma-derived BChE tetramers originate from lamellipodin. No protein source was identified for polyproline peptides containing up to 41 consecutive proline residues. In conclusion, the use of polyproline-rich peptides as a tetramerization motif is documented only for the cholinesterases, but is expected to serve other tetrameric proteins as well. The CHO cell data suggest that the BChE tetramer-organizing peptide can arise from a variety of proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Schopfer
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA.
| | - Oksana Lockridge
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5950, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ellison M, Grose B, Howell S, Wilson C, Lenz J, Driver R. Prolonged Paralysis Following Emergent Cesarean Section with Succinylcholine Despite Normal Dibucaine Number. W V Med J 2016; 112:44-46. [PMID: 27025119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged paralysis due to a quantitative or qualitative deficiency of pseudocholinesterase activity is an uncommon but known side effect of succinylcholine. We describe a patient who experienced prolonged paralysis following administration of succinylcholine for general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation for an emergent cesarean section despite laboratory evidence of normal enzyme function. The patient required mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit for several hours following surgery. The patient was extubated following return of full muscle strength and had a good outcome. The enzyme responsible for the metabolism of succinylcholine, pseudocholinesterase, was determined to be low in quantity in this patient but was functionally normal. This low level, by itself, was unlikely to be solely responsible for the prolonged paralysis. The patient likely had an abnormal pseudocholinesterase enzyme variant that is undetectable by standard laboratory tests.
Collapse
|
34
|
Yang RY, Zhao G, Wang DM, Pang XC, Wang SB, Fang JS, Li C, Liu AL, Wu S, Du GH. DL0410 can reverse cognitive impairment, synaptic loss and reduce plaque load in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2015; 139:15-26. [PMID: 26476132 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cholinesterase inhibitors are first-line therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). DL0410 is an AChE/BuChE dual inhibitor with a novel new structural scaffold. It has been demonstrated that DL0410 could improve memory deficits in both Aβ1-42-induced and scopolamine-induced amnesia in mice. In the present study, the therapeutic effect of DL0410 and its action mechanism were investigated in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Six-month old APP/PS1 transgenic mice were orally administered with DL0410 (3, 10, 30 mg/kg/day). After 60 days, several behavioural tests, including the Morris water maze and step-down tests, were used to investigate the effects of DL0410 on mice behaviours. All the behavioural experimental results showed that DL0410 significantly ameliorated memory deficits. Meanwhile, DL0410 attenuated neural cell damage and reduced senile plaques significantly in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. In addition, DL0410 significantly decreased Aβ plaques, while increasing the number of synapses and the thickness of PSD in the hippocampus. We also found DL0410 decreased the expression of APP, NMDAR1B and the phosphorylation level of NMDAR2B, and increased the phosphorylation level of CAMKII and the expression of PSD-95. In this study, the results of behavioural tests demonstrated for the first time that DL0410 could improve learning and memory dysfunction in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. The mechanism of its beneficial effects might be related to cholinesterase inhibition, Aβ plaques inhibition, improvement of synapse loss by regulating of expression of proteins related to synapses. As a result, DL0410 could be considered as a candidate drug for the therapy of AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran-Yao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Jining No. 1 People's Hospital in Shandong Province, Jining 272011, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dong-Mei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiao-Cong Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Shou-Bao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian-Song Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Ai-Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Song Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Guan-Hua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Peng H, Brimijoin S, Hrabovska A, Krejci E, Blake TA, Johnson RC, Masson P, Lockridge O. Monoclonal antibodies to human butyrylcholinesterase reactive with butyrylcholinesterase in animal plasma. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 243:82-90. [PMID: 26585590 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Five mouse anti-human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) monoclonal antibodies bind tightly to native human BChE with nanomolar dissociation constants. Pairing analysis in the Octet system identified the monoclonal antibodies that bind to overlapping and independent epitopes on human BChE. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of 4 monoclonal antibodies are deposited in GenBank. Our goal was to determine which of the 5 monoclonal antibodies recognize BChE in the plasma of animals. Binding of monoclonal antibodies 11D8, B2 18-5, B2 12-1, mAb2 and 3E8 to BChE in animal plasma was measured using antibody immobilized on Pansorbin cells and on Dynabeads Protein G. A third method visualized binding by the shift of BChE activity bands on nondenaturing gels stained for BChE activity. Gels were counterstained for carboxylesterase activity. The three methods agreed that B2 18-5 and mAb2 have broad species specificity, but the other monoclonal antibodies interacted only with human BChE, the exception being 3E8, which also bound chicken BChE. B2 18-5 and mAb2 recognized BChE in human, rhesus monkey, horse, cat, and tiger plasma. A weak response was found with rabbit BChE. Monoclonal mAb2, but not B2 18-5, bound pig and bovine BChE. Gels stained for carboxylesterase activity confirmed that plasma from humans, monkey, pig, chicken, and cow does not contain carboxylesterase, but plasma from horse, cat, tiger, rabbit, guinea pig, mouse, and rat has carboxylesterase. Rabbit plasma carboxylesterase hydrolyzes butyrylthiocholine. In conclusion monoclonal antibodies B2 18-5 and mAb2 can be used to immuno extract BChE from the plasma of humans, monkey and other animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Peng
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Stephen Brimijoin
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
| | - Anna Hrabovska
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Eric Krejci
- Université Paris Descartes CNRS SSA COGNAC G UMR 8257 45 rue des Saints Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
| | - Thomas A Blake
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Rudolph C Johnson
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, 30341, USA.
| | - Patrick Masson
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| | - Oksana Lockridge
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Jońca J, Żuk M, Wasąg B, Janaszak-Jasiecka A, Lewandowski K, Wielgomas B, Waleron K, Jasiecki J. New Insights into Butyrylcholinesterase Activity Assay: Serum Dilution Factor as a Crucial Parameter. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139480. [PMID: 26444431 PMCID: PMC4596826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity assay and inhibitor phenotyping can help to identify patients at risk of prolonged paralysis following the administration of neuromuscular blocking agents. The assay plays an important role in clinical chemistry as a good diagnostic marker for intoxication with pesticides and nerve agents. Furthermore, the assay is also commonly used for in vitro characterization of cholinesterases, their toxins and drugs. There is still lack of standardized procedure for measurement of BChE activity and many laboratories use different substrates at various concentrations. The purpose of this study was to validate the BChE activity assay to determine the best dilution of human serum and the most optimal concentration of substrates and inhibitors. Serum BChE activity was measured using modified Ellman’s method applicable for a microplate reader. We present our experience and new insights into the protocol for high-throughput routine assays of human plasma cholinesterase activities adapted to a microplate reader. During our routine assays used for the determination of BChE activity, we have observed that serum dilution factor influences the results obtained. We show that a 400-fold dilution of serum and 5mM S-butyrylthiocholine iodide can be successfully used for the accurate measurement of BChE activity in human serum. We also discuss usage of various concentrations of dibucaine and fluoride in BChE phenotyping. This study indicates that some factors of such a multicomponent clinical material like serum can influence kinetic parameters of the BChE. The observed inhibitory effect is dependent on serum dilution factor used in the assay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Monika Żuk
- Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Naksen W, Prapamontol T, Mangklabruks A, Chantara S, Thavornyutikarn P, Srinual N, Panuwet P, Ryan PB, Riederer AM, Barr DB. Associations of maternal organophosphate pesticide exposure and PON1 activity with birth outcomes in SAWASDEE birth cohort, Thailand. Environ Res 2015; 142:288-96. [PMID: 26186137 PMCID: PMC4609250 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal organophosphate (OP) pesticide exposure has been reported to be associated with adverse birth outcomes and neurodevelopment. However, the mechanisms of toxicity of OP pesticides on human fetal development have not yet been elucidated. Our pilot study birth cohort, the Study of Asian Women and Offspring's Development and Environmental Exposures (SAWASDEE cohort) aimed to evaluate environmental chemical exposures and their relation to birth outcomes and infant neurodevelopment in 52 pregnant farmworkers in Fang district, Chiang Mai province, Thailand. A large array of data was collected multiple times during pregnancy including approximately monthly urine samples for evaluation of pesticide exposure, three blood samples for pesticide-related enzyme measurements and questionnaire data. This study investigated the changes in maternal acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) activities and their relation to urinary diakylphosphates (DAPs), class-related metabolites of OP pesticides, during pregnancy. Maternal AChE, butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and PON1 activities were measured three times during pregnancy and urinary DAP concentrations were measured, on average, 8 times from enrollment during pregnancy until delivery. Among the individuals in the group with low maternal PON1 activity (n=23), newborn head circumference was negatively correlated with log10 maternal ∑DEAP and ∑DAP at enrollment (gestational age=12±3 weeks; β=-1.0 cm, p=0.03 and β=-1.8 cm, p<0.01, respectively) and at 32 weeks pregnancy (β=-1.1cm, p=0.04 and β=-2.6 cm, p=0.01, respectively). Furthermore, among these mothers, newborn birthweight was also negatively associated with log10 maternal ∑DEAP and ∑DAP at enrollment (β=-219.7 g, p=0.05 and β=-371.3g, p=0.02, respectively). Associations between maternal DAP levels and newborn outcomes were not observed in the group of participants with high maternal PON1 activity. Our results support previous findings from US birth cohort studies. This is the first study to report the associations between prenatal OP pesticide exposure and birth outcomes in Thailand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Warangkana Naksen
- Environment and Health Research Unit, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Sriphum subdistrict, Muang district, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; Environmental Science Program, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Tippawan Prapamontol
- Environment and Health Research Unit, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Sriphum subdistrict, Muang district, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand.
| | - Ampica Mangklabruks
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Somporn Chantara
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Prasak Thavornyutikarn
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Niphan Srinual
- Environment and Health Research Unit, Research Institute for Health Sciences, Chiang Mai University, 110 Intawaroros Road, Sriphum subdistrict, Muang district, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Parinya Panuwet
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - P Barry Ryan
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Anne M Riederer
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Dana Boyd Barr
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Smith CD, Wright LKM, Garcia GE, Lee RB, Lumley LA. Hormone-dependence of sarin lethality in rats: Sex differences and stage of the estrous cycle. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 287:253-7. [PMID: 26079828 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chemical warfare nerve agents (CWNAs) are highly toxic compounds that cause a cascade of symptoms and death, if exposed casualties are left untreated. Numerous rodent models have investigated the toxicity and mechanisms of toxicity of CWNAs, but most are limited to male subjects. Given the profound physiological effects of circulating gonadal hormones in female rodents, it is possible that the daily cyclical fluctuations of these hormones affect females' sensitivity to the lethal effects of CWNAs, and previous reports that included female subjects did not control for the stage of the hormonal cycle. The aim of the current study was to determine the 24-hour median lethal dose (LD50) of the CWNA sarin in male, ovariectomized (OVEX) female, and female rats during different stages of the estrous cycle (diestrus, proestrus, and estrus). Additionally, baseline activity levels of plasma acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and carboxylesterase were measured to determine differences among the groups. Results indicated that females in proestrus had a significantly higher LD50 of sarin compared to OVEX and estrous females. Although some sex differences were observed in the activity levels of plasma esterases, they were not consistent and likely not large enough to significantly affect the LD50s. These results suggest that hormonal cyclicity can influence the outcome of CWNA-related studies using female rodents, and that this variability can be minimized by controlling for the stage of the cycle. Additional research is necessary to determine the precise mechanism of the observed differences because it is unlikely to be solely explained by plasma esterase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carl D Smith
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, United States.
| | - Linnzi K M Wright
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, United States
| | - Gregory E Garcia
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, United States
| | - Robyn B Lee
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, United States
| | - Lucille A Lumley
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense (USAMRICD), Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, United States
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Temel HE, Temel T, Cansu DU, Ozakyol A. Butrylcholinesterase activity in chronic liver disease patients and correlation with Child-Pugh classification and MELD scoring system. Clin Lab 2015; 61:421-6. [PMID: 25975011 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2014.141111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND After 40 years since establishment of Child-Pugh staging, 14 years since establishment of MELD scoring system, and 25 years since establishment of King's College Criteria, there is still a search for more accurate systems for determination of prognosis in patients with acute liver failure--cirrhosis and prioritization for receipt of a liver transplant--prediction of post transplant mortality. Butrylcholinesterase is an enzyme which is synthesized in the liver. The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical utility of butrylcholinesterase as a discriminatory and prognostic factor in chronic liver disease patients. METHODS Intergroup diversity for butrylcholinesterase activity was investigated in sixty cirrhotic, 20 chronic hepatitis patients, and 20 healthy subjects. Correlations between butrylcholinesterase activity and Child-Pugh classification and MELD scoring systems were examined. RESULTS In addition to the statistically significant decrease in butrylcholinesterase activity among Child-Pugh A/B/C stages, the decrease in butrylcholinesterase activity was also statistically significant in control vs. Child-Pugh stage A and chronic hepatitis vs. Child Pugh stage A groups. A statistically significant correlation was determined between butrylcholinesterase activity and Child Pugh/MELD scores. CONCLUSIONS Serum butrylcholinesterase activity might be helpful for discrimination of chronic hepatitis from cirrhosis after determination of reliable cut-off levels and dependent on the reductions of serum levels in acute liver failure and cirrhosis. It might be a useful tool for prioritization of liver transplantation.
Collapse
|
40
|
Johnson D, Carter MD, Crow BS, Isenberg SL, Graham LA, Erol HA, Watson CM, Pantazides BG, van der Schans MJ, Langenberg JP, Noort D, Blake TA, Thomas JD, Johnson RC. Quantitation of ortho-cresyl phosphate adducts to butyrylcholinesterase in human serum by immunomagnetic-UHPLC-MS/MS. J Mass Spectrom 2015; 50:683-692. [PMID: 26149113 PMCID: PMC5713888 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (ToCP) is an anti-wear, flame retardant additive used in industrial lubricants, hydraulic fluids and gasoline. The neurotoxic effects of ToCP arise from the liver-activated metabolite 2-(o-cresyl)-4H-1,3,2-benzodioxaphosphoran-2-one (cresyl saligenin phosphate or CBDP), which inhibits esterase enzymes including butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Following BChE adduction, CBDP undergoes hydrolysis to form the aged adduct ortho-cresyl phosphoserine (oCP-BChE), thus providing a biomarker of CBDP exposure. Previous studies have identified ToCP in aircraft cabin and cockpit air, but assessing human exposure has been hampered by the lack of a laboratory assay to confirm exposure. This work presents the development of an immunomagnetic-UHPLC-MS/MS method for the quantitation of unadducted BChE and the long-term CBDP biomarker, oCP-BChE, in human serum. The method has a reportable range from 2.0 ng/ml to 150 ng/ml, which is consistent with the sensitivity of methods used to detect organophosphorus nerve agent protein adducts. The assay demonstrated high intraday and interday accuracy (≥85%) and precision (RSD ≤ 15%) across the calibration range. The method was developed for future analyses of potential human exposure to CBDP. Analysis of human serum inhibited in vitro with CBDP demonstrated that the oCP-BChE adduct was stable for at least 72 h at 4, 22 and 37 °C. Compared to a previously reported assay, this method requires 75% less sample volume, reduces analysis time by a factor of 20 and demonstrates a threefold improvement in sensitivity. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Johnson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Melissa D. Carter
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brian S. Crow
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Samantha L. Isenberg
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Leigh Ann Graham
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - H. Akin Erol
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Caroline M. Watson
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Brooke G. Pantazides
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Marcel J. van der Schans
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Technical Sciences, CBRN Protection, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Jan P. Langenberg
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Technical Sciences, CBRN Protection, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Daan Noort
- The Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Technical Sciences, CBRN Protection, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas A. Blake
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jerry D. Thomas
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rudolph C. Johnson
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gazzi EN, Sorodoc V, Petris O, Tarţău L, Dumitrescu G, Sorodoc L, Lupuşoru CE. Butyrylcholinesterase activity-biomarker for predicting the outcome in acute cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning--a 30-year retrospective analysis. Rev Med Chir Soc Med Nat Iasi 2014; 118:971-978. [PMID: 25581956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the role of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity as a predictive biomarker in acute cholinesterase inhibitor poisoning in a cohort from a regional tertiary care hospital. MATERIAL AND METHODS Plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity on admission and at regular intervals during admission and clinical outcomes of cases admitted to the Toxicology Clinic of "Sf. Spiridon" Emergency Hospital Iasi, Romania between 1983 and 2013 were evaluated. RESULTS A total number of 606 patients were included in the study. The mean BuChE-activity level on admission was 1.54 ml NaOH N/100. A correlation between the amount of ingested organophosphates/carbamates (OPs/CMs) and low cholinesterase activity on admission was found. 66.66% of the patients were admitted to hospital within 8 hours after poisoning. The initial, daily and mean total atropine doses administrated were 9.65 mg, 10.51 mg and 69.39 mg, respectively. 67.16% of the investigated patients received Toxogonin for 6.41 days showing a slow increase in BuChE activity afterwards. The average number of hospital days was 11.22. The study revealed that complications occurred in patients with BuChE-activity levels below 1.4 mL NaOH N/100. A positive correlation between mortality rate (3.8% of patients) and the lowest BuChE-activity level on admission (0.89 mL NaOH N/100) was found. CONCLUSIONS BuChE activity on admission and its level during hospital stay represent an important predictive factor for acute cholinesterase inhibitors poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E N Gazzi
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa - Iaşi, Department of Medical Specialties (I)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Muller M, Hess L, Tardivo A, Lajmanovich R, Attademo A, Poletta G, Simoniello MF, Yodice A, Lavarello S, Chialvo D, Scremin O. Neurologic dysfunction and genotoxicity induced by low levels of chlorpyrifos. Neurotoxicology 2014; 45:22-30. [PMID: 25196089 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/05/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphorus cholinesterase inhibitor widely used as an insecticide. Neuro and genotoxicity of this agent were evaluated following daily subcutaneous injections at 0.1, 1 and 10mg/kg or its vehicle to laboratory rats during one week, at the end of which somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) and power spectrum of the electroencephalogram (EEGp) were recorded under urethane anesthesia. In another group of conscious animals, auditory startle reflex (ASR) was evaluated followed, after euthanasia, with measurements of plasma B-esterases, and genotoxicity with the alkaline comet assay (ACA) at the same CPF doses. The results indicated a CPF dose related inhibition of B-esterases. Enhanced inhibition of the ASR by a subthreshold pre-pulse was observed at all doses and ACA showed a significant higher DNA damage than vehicle controls in animals exposed to 10mg/kg CPF. A trend to higher frequencies of EEGp and an increase in amplitude of the first negative wave of the SEP were found at all doses. The first positive wave of the SEP decreased at the CPF dose of 10mg/kg. In summary, a shift to higher EEG frequencies and alterations of somatosensory and auditory input to the central nervous system were sensitive manifestations of CPF toxicity, associated with depression of B-esterases. The changes in electrical activity of the cerebral cortex and DNA damage observed at doses that do not elicit overt toxicity may be useful in the detection of CPF exposure before clinical signs appear.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariel Muller
- PROFISIO, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Hess
- PROFISIO, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Agostina Tardivo
- PROFISIO, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Rafael Lajmanovich
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina
| | - Andres Attademo
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina
| | - Gisela Poletta
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina
| | - Maria Fernanda Simoniello
- Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Ciudad Universitaria, Paraje El Pozo, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Agustina Yodice
- PROFISIO, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Simona Lavarello
- PROFISIO, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario, Argentina
| | - Dante Chialvo
- PROFISIO, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina
| | - Oscar Scremin
- PROFISIO, Facultad de Ciencias Medicas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Santa Fe 3100, Rosario, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas, Argentina; Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare System and David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 11301 Wilshire Building, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Grosset C, Bougerol C, Sanchez-Migallon Guzman D. Plasma butyrylcholinesterase concentrations in psittacine birds: reference values, factors of variation, and association with feather-damaging behavior. J Avian Med Surg 2014; 28:6-15. [PMID: 24881148 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-28.1.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Butyrylcholinesterase is a glycoprotein enzyme used in the diagnosis of toxicosis by cholinesterase-inhibitor agents like organophosphates and carbamates. In animals, butyrylcholinesterase concentrations have been shown to vary depending on numerous factors such as age, sex, diet, and season of sampling. To establish reference values of plasma butyrylcholinesterase concentrations in common psittacine species, plasma butyrylcholinesterase concentrations were measured in 1942 companion psittacine birds. The birds were classified by age, sex, season, health status, and the presence of feather-damaging behavior. A significant difference was observed among species, with eclectus parrots (Eclectus roratus) having the lowest and African grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) having the highest reference values. Plasma butyrylcholinesterase concentrations varied by age, health status, and season but not by sex. Concentrations were significantly higher during autumn and spring than during winter and summer, and significantly lower in healthy birds than in sick birds. No significant association between butyrylcholinesterase concentrations and feather-damaging behavior could be established except in lovebirds (Agapornis species). Further research is needed to better understand the effect of nutritional and hormonal factors on butyrylcholinesterase concentrations in psittacine birds and its possible effect on bird cognition.
Collapse
|
44
|
Cardoso AM, Abdalla FH, Bagatini MD, Martins CC, Fiorin FDS, Baldissarelli J, Costa P, Mello FFD, Fiorenza AM, Serres JDDS, Gonçalves JF, Chaves H, Royes LFF, Belló-Klein A, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC. Swimming training prevents alterations in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens 2014; 27:522-9. [PMID: 23479073 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpt030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholinergic enzyme activities are altered in hypertension, reflecting a low-grade inflammation. Regular physical exercise exerts anti-inflammatory effects and has been described as a coadjutant in the treatment of hypertension. In this study, we investigated the effect of 6 weeks of swimming training on cholinergic enzyme activities (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) in Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)-induced hypertensive rats. METHODS The rats were divided into 4 groups: control (n = 10), exercise (n = 10), L-NAME (n = 10), and exercise L-NAME (n = 10). The animals were trained 5 times per week in an adapted swimming system for 60 minutes with a gradual increase of the workload up to 5% of animal's body weight. Enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically in lymphocytes, whole blood, and serum. RESULTS A significant rise in acetylcholinesterase activity was observed in lymphocytes and whole blood as well as in serum butyrylcholinesterase activity in the L-NAME group when compared with the other groups (P < 0.05), and the increase in cholinesterase activities was positively correlated with the rise in blood pressure (r = 0.5721, r = 0.6121, and r = 0.5811, respectively). Swimming training was efficient in preventing these alterations in the exercise L-NAME group, which displayed values similar to those of the control group. Exercise training demonstrated a significant hypotensive effect in hypertensive rats. CONCLUSIONS Exercise training was shown to prevent increased cholinesterase related to inflammatory processes in hypertensive rats, providing a new insight about protective exercise mechanisms to avoid hypertension-related inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andréia Machado Cardoso
- Post-Graduation Program in Toxicological Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry of the Center of Natural and Exact Sciences of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria/Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
da Silva Benetti C, Silveira PP, Wyse ATS, Scherer EBS, Ferreira AGK, Dalmaz C, Goldani MZ. Neonatal environmental intervention alters the vulnerability to the metabolic effects of chronic palatable diet exposure in adulthood. Nutr Neurosci 2014; 17:127-37. [PMID: 24621057 DOI: 10.1179/1476830513y.0000000077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that early environmental interventions influence the consumption of palatable food and the abdominal fat deposition in female rats chronically exposed to a highly caloric diet in adulthood. In this study, we verified the metabolic effects of chronic exposure to a highly palatable diet, and determine the response to its withdrawal in adult neonatally handled and non-handled rats. Consumption of foods (standard lab chow and chocolate), body weight gain, abdominal fat deposition, plasma triglycerides, and leptin, as well as serum butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), and cerebral acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities were measured during chronic chocolate exposure and after deprivation of this palatable food in female rats exposed or not to neonatal handling (10 minutes/day, 10 first days of life). Handled rats increased rebound chocolate consumption in comparison to non-handled animals after 1 week of chocolate withdrawal; these animals also decreased body weight in the first 24 hours but this effect disappeared after 7 days of withdrawal. Chocolate increased abdominal fat in non-handled females, and this effect remained after 30 days of withdrawal; no differences in plasma leptin were seen after 7 days of withdrawal. Chocolate also increased serum BuChE activity in non-handled females, this effect was still evident after 7 days of withdrawal, but it disappeared after 30 days of withdrawal. Chocolate deprivation decreased cerebral AChE activity in both handled and non-handled animals. These findings suggest that neonatal handling modulates the preference for palatable food and induces a specific metabolic response that may be more adaptive in comparison to non-handled rats.
Collapse
|
46
|
Khan K, Ismail AA, Abdel Rasoul G, Bonner MR, Lasarev MR, Hendy O, Al-Batanony M, Crane AL, Singleton ST, Olson JR, Rohlman DS. Longitudinal assessment of chlorpyrifos exposure and self-reported neurological symptoms in adolescent pesticide applicators. BMJ Open 2014; 4:e004177. [PMID: 24595133 PMCID: PMC3948636 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2013-004177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Occupational exposure of organophosphorus pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos (CPF), in adolescents is of particular concern because of the potential vulnerability of the developing neurological system. The objectives of this study were to examine how neurological symptoms reported over the application season vary across time, whether these effects are reversible postapplication and if there are associations between CPF biomarkers and neurological symptoms in an adolescent study population. SETTING The longitudinal study was conducted in two agricultural districts of Menoufia Governorate, Egypt between April 2010 and January 2011. PARTICIPANTS Male adolescent participants, including CPF applicators (n=57) and non-applicators (n=38), were recruited. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported data for 25 neurological symptoms were collected at 32 time points over the 8-month period before, during and after the application season. Additionally, urine and blood samples were collected to measure urine trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), a CPF-specific biomarker and blood cholinesterase activity. RESULTS Applicators and non-applicators report the highest numbers of symptoms during the application season, followed by a reduction in symptoms after the application ended. Applicators reported a greater percentage of neurological symptoms, relative to baseline, than non-applicators after accounting for potential covariates. Among the applicators, cumulative TCPy was positively and significantly associated with the average percentage of symptoms (B=4.56, 95% CI 3.29 to 5.84; p<0.001). Significant associations (p=0.03-0.07) between the change in butyrylcholinesterase activity from the preapplication to the postapplication season and several domains of neurological symptoms were also found, even after adjusting for potential covariates. CONCLUSIONS These observations demonstrate changes in the reporting of symptoms across the application season, showing an increase in symptom reporting during application and recovery following the end of pesticide application. These findings reinforce the growing concern regarding the neurotoxic health effects of CPF in adolescent applicators in developing countries and the need for developing and implementing intervention programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Khan
- Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ahmed A Ismail
- Community Medicine and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Gaafar Abdel Rasoul
- Community Medicine and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Matthew R Bonner
- Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Michael R Lasarev
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Olfat Hendy
- Clinical Pathology and Hematology and Immunology, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Manal Al-Batanony
- Community Medicine and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Alice L Crane
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Steven T Singleton
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - James R Olson
- Department of Social and Preventative Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Diane S Rohlman
- Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
- Center for Research on Occupational and Environmental Toxicology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Khan K, Ismail AA, Abdel Rasoul G, Bonner MR, Lasarev MR, Hendy O, Al-Batanony M, Crane AL, Singleton ST, Olson JR, Rohlman DS. Longitudinal assessment of chlorpyrifos exposure and self-reported neurological symptoms in adolescent pesticide applicators. BMJ Open 2014. [PMID: 24595133 DOI: 10.1136/bmjo-pen-2013-004177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Occupational exposure of organophosphorus pesticides, such as chlorpyrifos (CPF), in adolescents is of particular concern because of the potential vulnerability of the developing neurological system. The objectives of this study were to examine how neurological symptoms reported over the application season vary across time, whether these effects are reversible postapplication and if there are associations between CPF biomarkers and neurological symptoms in an adolescent study population. SETTING The longitudinal study was conducted in two agricultural districts of Menoufia Governorate, Egypt between April 2010 and January 2011. PARTICIPANTS Male adolescent participants, including CPF applicators (n=57) and non-applicators (n=38), were recruited. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Self-reported data for 25 neurological symptoms were collected at 32 time points over the 8-month period before, during and after the application season. Additionally, urine and blood samples were collected to measure urine trichloro-2-pyridinol (TCPy), a CPF-specific biomarker and blood cholinesterase activity. RESULTS Applicators and non-applicators report the highest numbers of symptoms during the application season, followed by a reduction in symptoms after the application ended. Applicators reported a greater percentage of neurological symptoms, relative to baseline, than non-applicators after accounting for potential covariates. Among the applicators, cumulative TCPy was positively and significantly associated with the average percentage of symptoms (B=4.56, 95% CI 3.29 to 5.84; p<0.001). Significant associations (p=0.03-0.07) between the change in butyrylcholinesterase activity from the preapplication to the postapplication season and several domains of neurological symptoms were also found, even after adjusting for potential covariates. CONCLUSIONS These observations demonstrate changes in the reporting of symptoms across the application season, showing an increase in symptom reporting during application and recovery following the end of pesticide application. These findings reinforce the growing concern regarding the neurotoxic health effects of CPF in adolescent applicators in developing countries and the need for developing and implementing intervention programmes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Khan
- Occupational and Environmental Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Jurkolow G, Fuchs-Buder T, Lemoine A, Raft J, Rocq N, Meistelman C. [Prolonged phase II neuromuscular blockade following succinylcholine administration]. Ann Fr Anesth Reanim 2014; 33:176-177. [PMID: 24440731 DOI: 10.1016/j.annfar.2013.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Patients who are given a single dose of succinylcholine normally undergo a short-acting depolarizing phase I neuromuscular block but rarely a phase II block. Prolonged neuromuscular blockade occurs after a single dose of succinylcholine in case of genetically determined abnormal plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity. It is mandatory to use monitoring to detect this side effect. We report a case of a patient with abnormal plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity undergoing a six-hour prolonged neuromuscular phase II block, after a single dose of succinylcholine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Jurkolow
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, université de Lorraine, CHU de Nancy-Brabois, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France.
| | - T Fuchs-Buder
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, université de Lorraine, CHU de Nancy-Brabois, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - A Lemoine
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, université de Lorraine, CHU de Nancy-Brabois, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - J Raft
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, ICL - institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, avenue de Bourgogne, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - N Rocq
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, université de Lorraine, CHU de Nancy-Brabois, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| | - C Meistelman
- Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, université de Lorraine, CHU de Nancy-Brabois, rue du Morvan, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France; Département d'anesthésie-réanimation, ICL - institut de cancérologie de Lorraine, avenue de Bourgogne, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sato KK, Hayashi T, Maeda I, Koh H, Harita N, Uehara S, Onishi Y, Oue K, Nakamura Y, Endo G, Kambe H, Fukuda K. Serum butyrylcholinesterase and the risk of future type 2 diabetes: the Kansai Healthcare Study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2014; 80:362-7. [PMID: 23418907 DOI: 10.1111/cen.12171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Butyrylcholinesterase is synthesized in the liver. The serum butyrylcholinesterase level has been cross-sectionally reported to be higher in patients with diabetes, hyperlipidaemia, obesity and fatty liver than in those without them. It is not known whether serum butyrylcholinesterase is associated with the risk of future type 2 diabetes. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. PARTICIPANTS A total of 8470 Japanese men aged 40-55 years without type 2 diabetes at baseline. MEASUREMENTS Type 2 diabetes was diagnosed if a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level was ≥7·0 mmol/l, if a HbA1 c level was ≥6·5% or if participants were taking oral hypoglycaemic medication or insulin. RESULTS During the 42,227 person-years of follow-up, 868 cases had developed type 2 diabetes. Serum butyrylcholinesterase was significantly positively correlated with body mass index (BMI), FPG, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and triglycerides (TG), whereas negatively with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. In Cox proportional hazards models, after adjusting for age, BMI, FPG, alcohol consumption, smoking habit, walk to work, regular leisure-time physical activity and family history of diabetes, the highest quartile (398-806 IU/l) of serum butyrylcholinesterase increased the risk of type 2 diabetes compared with the lowest quartile (56-311 IU/l) [hazard ratio (HR) 1·41 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1·14-1·74)]. After further adjusting for ALT and GGT, this association remained [HR 1·40 (95% CI, 1·13-1·73)]. Furthermore, this association was significant independent of TG and HDL cholesterol. CONCLUSIONS Elevated serum butyrylcholinesterase was independently associated with an increased risk of future type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Kogawa Sato
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Arbel Y, Shenhar-Tsarfaty S, Waiskopf N, Finkelstein A, Halkin A, Revivo M, Berliner S, Herz I, Shapira I, Keren G, Soreq H, Banai S. Decline in serum cholinesterase activities predicts 2-year major adverse cardiac events. Mol Med 2014; 20:38-45. [PMID: 24395570 PMCID: PMC3951463 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2013.00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasympathetic activity influences long-term outcome in patients with cardiovascular disease, but the underlying mechanism(s) linking parasympathetic activity and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) are incompletely understood. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the association between serum cholinesterase activities as parasympathetic biomarkers and the risk for the occurrence of MACEs. Cholinergic status was determined by measuring the cumulative capacity of serum acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) to hydrolyze the AChE substrate acetylthiocholine. Cholinergic status was evaluated in randomly selected patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The patients were divided into two groups of 100 patients in each group, with or without occurrence of MACEs during a follow-up period of 40 months. Cox regression models adjusted for potential clinical, metabolic and inflammatory confounders served to evaluate association with clinical outcome. We found that patients with MACE presented lower cholinergic status and AChE values at catheterization (1,127 ± 422 and 359 ± 153 nmol substrate hydrolyzed per minute per milliliter, respectively) than no-MACE patients (1,760 ± 546 and 508 ± 183 nmol substrate hydrolyzed per minute per milliliter, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively), whose levels were comparable to those of matched healthy controls (1,622 ± 303 and 504 ± 126 nmol substrate hydrolyzed per minute per milliliter, respectively). In a multivariate analysis, patients with AChE or total cholinergic status values below median showed conspicuously elevated risk for MACE (hazard ratio 1.85 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.09-3.15, p = 0.02] and 2.21 [95% CI 1.22-4.00, p = 0.009]) compared with those above median, even after adjusting for potential confounders. We conclude that parasympathetic dysfunction expressed as reduced serum AChE and AChE activities in patients compared to healthy controls can together reflect impaired parasympathetic activity. This impairment predicts the risk of MACE up to 40 months in such patients. Monitoring these parasympathetic parameters might help in the risk stratification of patients with cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaron Arbel
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shani Shenhar-Tsarfaty
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Life Sciences Institute and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nir Waiskopf
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Life Sciences Institute and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ariel Finkelstein
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Amir Halkin
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Miri Revivo
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Shlomo Berliner
- Internal Medicine “E,” Tel Aviv Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itzhak Herz
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Itzhak Shapira
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Gad Keren
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Hermona Soreq
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Life Sciences Institute and the Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shmuel Banai
- Department of Cardiology, Tel Aviv Medical Center, affiliated with the Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| |
Collapse
|