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Seo H, Jeong YS, Bae J, Choi K, Seo MH. Detection of Micrometer-Sized Virus Aerosols by Using a Real-Time Bioaerosol Monitoring System. Biosensors (Basel) 2024; 14:27. [PMID: 38248404 PMCID: PMC10813430 DOI: 10.3390/bios14010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates a real-time handheld bioaerosol monitoring system for the detection of biological particles using UV-LED and light-induced fluorescence technology. Biological particles produce both scattering and fluorescence signals simultaneously, which can help distinguish them from general particles. The detected scattering, fluorescence, and simultaneous signals are then converted into photon signals and categorized based on predetermined criteria. A reliable biological particle generator was required to validate the performance of the system. This study explores the use of an M13 bacteriophage as a virus simulant of biological agents and employs a customized inkjet aerosol generator to produce M13 bacteriophage aerosols of a specific size by controlling the concentration of M13. We confirmed that micro-sized, narrowly dispersed M13 aerosols were efficiently generated. Additionally, we confirmed the performance of this real-time handheld bioaerosol monitoring system by detecting viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunsoo Seo
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Advanced Defense Science and Technology Research Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea; (H.S.); (J.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Young-Su Jeong
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Advanced Defense Science and Technology Research Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea; (H.S.); (J.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Jaekyung Bae
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Advanced Defense Science and Technology Research Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea; (H.S.); (J.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Kibong Choi
- Chem-Bio Technology Center, Advanced Defense Science and Technology Research Institute, Agency for Defense Development, Daejeon 34186, Republic of Korea; (H.S.); (J.B.); (K.C.)
| | - Moon-Hyeong Seo
- Natural Product Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea;
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Seok Y, Lee J, Kim MG. Paper-Based Airborne Bacteria Collection and DNA Extraction Kit. Biosensors (Basel) 2021; 11:375. [PMID: 34677331 DOI: 10.3390/bios11100375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The critical risk from airborne infectious diseases, bio-weapons, and harmful bacteria is currently the highest it has ever been in human history. The requirement for monitoring airborne pathogens has gradually increased to defend against bioterrorism or prevent pandemics, especially via simple and low-cost platforms which can be applied in resource-limited settings. Here, we developed a paper-based airborne bacteria collection and DNA extraction kit suitable for simple application with minimal instruments. Airborne sample collection and DNA extraction for PCR analysis were integrated in the paper kit. We created an easy-to-use paper-based air monitoring system using 3D printing technology combined with an air pump. The operation time of the entire process, comprising air sampling, bacterial cell lysis, purification and concentration of DNA, and elution of the DNA analyte, was within 20 min. All the investigations and optimum settings were tested in a custom-designed closed cabinet system. In the fabricated cabinet system, the paper kit operated effectively at a temperature of 25–35 °C and 30–70% relative humidity for air containing 10–106 CFU Staphylococcus aureus. This paper kit could be applied for simple, rapid, and cost-effective airborne pathogen monitoring.
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Montazer M, Soleimani N, Vahabi M, Abtahi M, Etemad K, Zendehdel R. Assessment of Bacterial Pathogens and their Antibiotic Resistance in the Air of Different Wards of Selected Teaching Hospitals in Tehran. Indian J Occup Environ Med 2021; 25:78-83. [PMID: 34421242 PMCID: PMC8341418 DOI: 10.4103/ijoem.ijoem_234_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: Exposure to bio-aerosols in a variety of environments has been of great interest due to the health effects on humans. Hospitals can be the reservoir of these biological agents because of the presence of infectious patients; which can lead to hospital infections and various occupational hazards. In this way, we assessed bacterial contamination in two teaching hospitals in Tehran. Aims: Our purpose in this study assessment of bacterial pathogens and their antibiotic resistance in the air of different wards of selected teaching hospitals in Tehran. Settings and Design: In this study, sampling was done according to NIOSH 0800. Methods and Material: This descriptive study was carried out in the different sections of two hospitals in Tehran. A total of 180 air samples were evaluated according to NIOSH 0800. In each section sampling was performed on the culture media in three stations including primary room, end room, and nursing position then the number of colonies counted. The zone of inhibition was measured in antibiotic disks to determine antibiotic resistance of samples. Statistical Analysis Used: Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21. Initially, the data were normalized using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test. The difference between the two hospitals was achieved with Mann–Whitney U test for un-normal distribution data. Results: Bacterial contamination in hospital 2 was significantly higher than the hospital 1(P < 0.001). The median number of colonies in hospital 1 was 129.87 (87.46–268.97) CFU/m3 and 297.97 (217.66–431.85) CFU/m3 for hospital 2. Bacterial contamination in the all of stations in hospital 2 and 87% of samples in hospital 1 was higher than the acceptable range of ACGIH (75 CFU/m3). Conclusions: High bacterial contamination may be related to a lack of hygiene management and poor ventilation system. It seems effective infection control processes, appropriate ventilation systems and supervision systems should be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Montazer
- MSc in Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Soleimani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Vahabi
- Ph.D. Candidate in Occupational Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrnosh Abtahi
- Depatment of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Korosh Etemad
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rezvan Zendehdel
- Associate Professor in Occupational Health Engineering, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zemouri C, Volgenant CMC, Buijs MJ, Crielaard W, Rosema NAM, Brandt BW, Laheij AMGA, De Soet JJ. Dental aerosols: microbial composition and spatial distribution. J Oral Microbiol 2020; 12:1762040. [PMID: 32537096 PMCID: PMC7269059 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2020.1762040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: High-speed dental instruments produce aerosols, which can contribute to the transmission of pathogenic microorganisms. The aim of this study is to describe the microbial load and - composition and spatial distribution of aerosols in dental clinics. Methods: In four dental clinics active and passive sampling methods were used before, during and after treatment and at different locations. Retrieved colony forming units (CFU) were sequenced for taxon identification. Results: The samples contained up to 655 CFU/plate/30 minutes and 418 CFU/m3/30 minutes during dental treatment for active and passive sampling, respectively. The level of contamination after treatment and at 1.5 m distance from the patient's head was similar to the start of the day. The highest contamination was found at the patient's chest area. The aerosols consisted of 52 different taxa from human origin and 36 from water. Conclusion: Contamination in dental clinics due to aerosols is mainly low, although high level of contamination with taxa from both human and water origin was found within 80 cm around the head of the patient. Our results stress the importance of infection control measures on surfaces in close proximity to the head of the patient as well as in dental water lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Zemouri
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C M C Volgenant
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N A M Rosema
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B W Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A M G A Laheij
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J J De Soet
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Cho EM, Hong HJ, Park SH, Yoon DK, Nam Goung SJ, Lee CM. Distribution and Influencing Factors of Airborne Bacteria in Public Facilities Used by Pollution-Sensitive Population: A Meta-Analysis. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:ijerph16091483. [PMID: 31027385 PMCID: PMC6539986 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to support management of airborne bacteria in facilities used by pollution-sensitive individuals (in daycares, medical facilities, elder care facilities, and postnatal care centers). A field survey was conducted on 11 facilities from October 2017 to April 2018. Elder care facilities in industrial, urban, and forested areas were excluded. Two indoor, and one outdoor, measuring points were selected per facility. These points were located in areas most often used by the residents. Measurements were taken at random time-points before February 2018 and at specific times in the morning and afternoon thereafter. The relationships among bacterial counts, carbon dioxide concentrations, dust levels, temperature, relative humidity, and ventilation were examined. The pooled average bacterial counts at the daycares, medical facilities, elder care facilities, and postnatal care centers were 540.25 CFU m−3, 245.49 CFU m−3, 149.63 CFU m−3, and 169.65 CFU m−3, respectively. Considering the upper 95% confidence interval, the bacterial counts in many daycares may in fact be >800 CFU m−3, which is the threshold set by the Korean Ministry of the Environment. The pooled average indoor: outdoor bacterial count ratio was 1.13. Indoor airborne bacterial counts were influenced mainly by their sources. This study found no significant correlations among indoor temperature, relative humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, dust levels, and airborne bacterial counts, unlike previous studies. Airborne bacteria management at daycares should be a top priority. The sources of airborne bacteria must also be identified, and a management plan must be developed to control them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Min Cho
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea.
| | - Hyong Jin Hong
- Institute of Risk Assessment, Seokyeong University, Seoul 02713, Korea.
- Department of Nano and Biological Engineering, Seokyeong University, Seoul 02713, Korea.
| | - Si Hyun Park
- Institute of Risk Assessment, Seokyeong University, Seoul 02713, Korea.
- Department of Nano and Biological Engineering, Seokyeong University, Seoul 02713, Korea.
| | - Dan Ki Yoon
- Institute of Risk Assessment, Seokyeong University, Seoul 02713, Korea.
- Department of Nano and Biological Engineering, Seokyeong University, Seoul 02713, Korea.
| | - Sun Ju Nam Goung
- Institute of Risk Assessment, Seokyeong University, Seoul 02713, Korea.
- Department of Nano and Biological Engineering, Seokyeong University, Seoul 02713, Korea.
| | - Cheol Min Lee
- Institute of Risk Assessment, Seokyeong University, Seoul 02713, Korea.
- Department of Nano and Biological Engineering, Seokyeong University, Seoul 02713, Korea.
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Patterson B, Morrow C, Singh V, Moosa A, Gqada M, Woodward J, Mizrahi V, Bryden W, Call C, Patel S, Warner D, Wood R. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli in bio-aerosols from untreated TB patients. Gates Open Res 2018; 1:11. [PMID: 29355225 PMCID: PMC5757796 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12758.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is predominantly an airborne disease. However, quantitative and qualitative analysis of bio-aerosols containing the aetiological agent,
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has proven very challenging. Our objective is to sample bio-aerosols from newly diagnosed TB patients for detection and enumeration of
Mtb bacilli. Methods: We monitored each of 35 newly diagnosed, GeneXpert sputum-positive, TB patients during 1 hour confinement in a custom-built Respiratory Aerosol Sampling Chamber (RASC). The RASC (a small clean-room of 1.4m
) incorporates aerodynamic particle size detection, viable and non-viable sampling devices, real-time CO
2 monitoring, and cough sound-recording. Microbiological culture and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) were used to detect
Mtb in each of the bio-aerosol collection devices. Results:
Mtb was detected in 27/35 (77.1%) of aerosol samples; 15/35 (42.8%) samples were positive by mycobacterial culture and 25/27 (92.96%) were positive by ddPCR. Culturability of collected bacilli was not predicted by radiographic evidence of pulmonary cavitation, sputum smear positivity. A correlation was found between cough rate and culturable bioaerosol.
Mtb was detected on all viable cascade impactor stages with a peak at aerosol sizes 2.0-3.5μm. This suggests a median of 0.09 CFU/litre of exhaled air (IQR: 0.07 to 0.3 CFU/l) for the aerosol culture positives and an estimated median concentration of 4.5x10
CFU/ml (IQR: 2.9x10
-5.6x10
) of exhaled particulate bio-aerosol. Conclusions:
Mtb was identified in bio-aerosols exhaled by the majority of untreated TB patients using the RASC. Molecular detection was more sensitive than mycobacterial culture on solid media, suggesting that further studies are required to determine whether this reflects a significant proportion of differentially detectable bacilli in these samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Patterson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl Morrow
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Desmond Tutu HIV Centre,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vinayak Singh
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Atica Moosa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melitta Gqada
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jeremy Woodward
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Shwetak Patel
- Computer Science and Engineering, Electrical Engineering DUB group, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Digby Warner
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robin Wood
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Desmond Tutu HIV Centre,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Patterson B, Morrow C, Singh V, Moosa A, Gqada M, Woodward J, Mizrahi V, Bryden W, Call C, Patel S, Warner D, Wood R. Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli in bio-aerosols from untreated TB patients. Gates Open Res 2018; 1:11. [PMID: 29355225 DOI: 10.12688/gatesopenres.12758.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is predominantly an airborne disease. However, quantitative and qualitative analysis of bio-aerosols containing the aetiological agent, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), has proven very challenging. Our objective is to sample bio-aerosols from newly diagnosed TB patients for detection and enumeration of Mtb bacilli. Methods: We monitored each of 35 newly diagnosed, GeneXpert sputum-positive, TB patients during 1 hour confinement in a custom-built Respiratory Aerosol Sampling Chamber (RASC). The RASC (a small clean-room of 1.4m ) incorporates aerodynamic particle size detection, viable and non-viable sampling devices, real-time CO 2 monitoring, and cough sound-recording. Microbiological culture and droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) were used to detect Mtb in each of the bio-aerosol collection devices. Results: Mtb was detected in 27/35 (77.1%) of aerosol samples; 15/35 (42.8%) samples were positive by mycobacterial culture and 25/27 (92.96%) were positive by ddPCR. Culturability of collected bacilli was not predicted by radiographic evidence of pulmonary cavitation, sputum smear positivity. A correlation was found between cough rate and culturable bioaerosol. Mtb was detected on all viable cascade impactor stages with a peak at aerosol sizes 2.0-3.5μm. This suggests a median of 0.09 CFU/litre of exhaled air (IQR: 0.07 to 0.3 CFU/l) for the aerosol culture positives and an estimated median concentration of 4.5x10 CFU/ml (IQR: 2.9x10 -5.6x10 ) of exhaled particulate bio-aerosol. Conclusions: Mtb was identified in bio-aerosols exhaled by the majority of untreated TB patients using the RASC. Molecular detection was more sensitive than mycobacterial culture on solid media, suggesting that further studies are required to determine whether this reflects a significant proportion of differentially detectable bacilli in these samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Patterson
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carl Morrow
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Desmond Tutu HIV Centre,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Vinayak Singh
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Atica Moosa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melitta Gqada
- Desmond Tutu HIV Centre,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jeremy Woodward
- Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Valerie Mizrahi
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - Shwetak Patel
- Computer Science and Engineering, Electrical Engineering DUB group, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Digby Warner
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,MRC/NHLS/UCT Molecular Mycobacteriology Research Unit & DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robin Wood
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Desmond Tutu HIV Centre,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Hayleeyesus SF, Ejeso A, Derseh FA. Quantitative assessment of bio-aerosols contamination in indoor air of University dormitory rooms. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2015; 9:249-256. [PMID: 26609289 PMCID: PMC4633188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to provide insight into how students are exposed to indoor bio-aerosols in the dormitory rooms and to figure out the major possible factors that govern the contamination levels. METHODOLOGY The Bio-aerosols concentration level of indoor air of thirty dormitory rooms of Jimma University was determined by taking 120 samples. Passive air sampling technique; the settle plate method using open Petri-dishes containing different culture media was employed to collect sample twice daily. RESULTS The range of bio-aerosols contamination detected in the dormitory rooms was 511-9960 CFU/m(3) for bacterial and 531-6568 CFU/m(3) for fungi. Based on the criteria stated by WHO expert group, from the total 120 samples 95 of the samples were above the recommended level. The statistical analysis showed that, occupancy were significantly affected the concentrations of bacteria that were measured in all dormitory rooms at 6:00 am sampling time (p-value=0.000) and also the concentrations of bacteria that were measured in all dormitory rooms were significantly different to each other (p-value=0.013) as of their significance difference in occupancy (p-value=0.000). Moreover, there were a significant different on the contamination level of bacteria at 6:00 am and 7:00 pm sampling time (p=0.015), whereas there is no significant difference for fungi contamination level for two sampling times (p= 0.674). CONCLUSION There is excessive bio-aerosols contaminant in indoor air of dormitory rooms of Jimma University and human occupancy produces a marked concentration increase of bacterial contamination levels and most fungi species present into the rooms air of Jimma University dormitory were not human-borne.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fekadu Hayleeyesus
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, College of Public Health and Medical Science, Jimma University, Ethiopia
| | - Amanuel Ejeso
- Department of Environmental Health Science and Technology, College of Public Health and Medical Science, Jimma University, Ethiopia
| | - Fikirte Aklilu Derseh
- Department of Dentistry, College of Public Health and Medical Science, Jimma University, Ethiopia
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Petrucco Toffolo E, Zovi D, Perin C, Paolucci P, Roques A, Battisti A, Horvath H. Size and dispersion of urticating setae in three species of processionary moths. Integr Zool 2015; 9:320-7. [PMID: 24952969 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Larvae of the processionary moths of the Palaearctic region bear urticating setae that are released against vertebrate predators, especially insectivorous birds. A few species are pests of forest and urban trees and, consequently, may threaten human and animal health during outbreaks, causing dermatitis, conjunctivitis and respiratory distress. Although some studies provide detailed information about the setae, particularly those of the pine processionary moth Thaumetopoea pityocampa, there is little knowledge on the morphological traits of the setae and their release by the larvae. In the present study we identify major traits of the setae of 3 species of processionary moth, T. pityocampa, T. pinivora and T. processionea, which are potentially helpful in the understanding of setae dynamics in the environment: (i) diameter and length of setae and (ii) analysis of dynamical properties of the setae in the airborne state. Setae are highly variable in size, with bimodal distribution in T. pityocampa and T. pinivora; in these 2 species, short and long setae are interspersed within the integument fields where they occur. The difference in the seta size has important consequences in dispersion, as smaller setae can spread 5 times further than their bigger counterparts. This information is relevant for a full understanding of the defensive importance of larval setae against natural enemies of the processionary moths, as well for elucidating the importance of the processionary setae as air pollutants, both close to the infested trees and at longer distances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Petrucco Toffolo
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment-Entomology, University of Padova, Legnaro, Italy
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