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Deokar G, Reguig A, Tripathi M, Buttner U, Fina A, Dalton AB, Costa PMFJ. Flexible, Air-Stable, High-Performance Heaters Based on Nanoscale-Thick Graphite Films. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:17899-17910. [PMID: 35357119 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c23803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Graphite sheets are known to exhibit remarkable performance in applications such as heating panels and critical elements of thermal management systems. Industrial-scale production of graphite films relies on high-temperature treatment of polymers or calendering of graphite flakes; however, these methods are limited to obtaining micrometer-scale thicknesses. Herein, we report the fabrication of a flexible and power-efficient cm2-scaled heater based on a polycrystalline nanoscale-thick graphite film (NGF, ∼100 nm thick) grown by chemical vapor deposition. The stability of these NGF heaters (operational in air over the range 30-300 °C) is demonstrated by a 12-day continuous heating test, at 215 °C. The NGF exhibits a fast switching response and attains a steady peak temperature of 300 °C at a driving bias of 7.8 V (power density of 1.1 W/cm2). This excellent heating performance is attributed to the structural characteristics of the NGF, which contains well-distributed wrinkles and micrometer-wide few-layer graphene domains (characterized using conductive imaging and finite element methods, respectively). The efficiency and flexibility of the NGF device are exemplified by externally heating a 2000 μm-thick Pyrex glass vial and bringing 5 mL of water to a temperature of 96 °C (at 2.4 W/cm2). Overall, the NGF could become an excellent active material for ultrathin, flexible, and sustainable heating panels that operate at low power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geetanjali Deokar
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdeldjalil Reguig
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manoj Tripathi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, U.K
| | - Ulrich Buttner
- Core Labs, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alberto Fina
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Polytechnic University of Turin, Alessandria 15121, Italy
| | - Alan B Dalton
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, U.K
| | - Pedro M F J Costa
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Laser-Induced Graphene Electrodes Modified with a Molecularly Imprinted Polymer for Detection of Tetracycline in Milk and Meat. SENSORS 2021; 22:s22010269. [PMID: 35009811 PMCID: PMC8749683 DOI: 10.3390/s22010269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tetracycline (TC) is a widely known antibiotic used worldwide to treat animals. Its residues in animal-origin foods cause adverse health effects to consumers. Low-cost and real-time measuring systems of TC in food samples are, therefore, extremely needed. In this work, a three-electrode sensitive and label-free sensor was developed to detect TC residues from milk and meat extract samples, using CO2 laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes modified with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) used as a synthetic biorecognition element. LIG was patterned on a polyimide (PI) substrate, reaching a minimum sheet resistance (Rsh) of 17.27 ± 1.04 Ω/sq. The o-phenylenediamine (oPD) monomer and TC template were electropolymerized on the surface of the LIG working electrode to form the MIP. Surface morphology and electrochemical techniques were used to characterize the formation of LIG and to confirm each modification step. The sensitivity of the sensor was evaluated by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), leading to a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.32 nM, 0.85 nM, and 0.80 nM in buffer, milk, and meat extract samples, respectively, with a working range of 5 nM to 500 nM and a linear response range between 10 nM to 300 nM. The sensor showed good LOD (0.32 nM), reproducibility, and stability, and it can be used as an alternative system to detect TC from animal-origin food products.
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Lee JU, Lee CW, Cho SC, Shin BS. Laser-Induced Graphene Heater Pad for De-Icing. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:3093. [PMID: 34835856 PMCID: PMC8619929 DOI: 10.3390/nano11113093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of electro-thermal material in heaters with lighter and easy-to-process materials has been extensively studied. In this study, we demonstrate that laser-induced graphene (LIG) patterns could be a good candidate for the electro-thermal pad. We fabricated LIG heaters with various thermal patterns on the commercial polyimide films according to laser scanning speed using an ultraviolet pulsed laser. We adopted laser direct writing (LDW) to irradiate on the substrates with computer-aided 2D CAD circuit data under ambient conditions. Our highly conductive and flexible heater was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller. The influence of laser scanning speed was evaluated for electrical properties, thermal performance, and durability. Our LIG heater showed promising characteristics such as high porosity, light weight, and small thickness. Furthermore, they demonstrated a rapid response time, reaching equilibrium in less than 3 s, and achieved temperatures up to 190 °C using relatively low DC voltages of approximately 10 V. Our LIG heater can be utilized for human wearable thermal pads and ice protection for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Uk Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea; (J.-U.L.); (C.-W.L.); (S.-C.C.)
| | - Chan-Woo Lee
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea; (J.-U.L.); (C.-W.L.); (S.-C.C.)
| | - Su-Chan Cho
- Department of Cogno-Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea; (J.-U.L.); (C.-W.L.); (S.-C.C.)
| | - Bo-Sung Shin
- Department of Optics and Mechatronics Engineering, Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea
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Liu Q, Tian B, Liang J, Wu W. Recent advances in printed flexible heaters for portable and wearable thermal management. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2021; 8:1634-1656. [PMID: 34846496 DOI: 10.1039/d0mh01950j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Flexible resistive heaters (FRHs) with high heating performance, large-area thermal homogeneity, and excellent thermal stability are very desirable in modern life, owing to their tremendous potential for portable and wearable thermal management applications, such as body thermotherapy, on-demand drug delivery, and artificial intelligence. Printed electronic (PE) technologies, as emerging methods combining conventional printing techniques with solution-processable functional ink have been proposed to be promising strategies for the cost-effective, large-scale, and high-throughput fabrication of printed FRHs. This review summarizes recent progress in the main components of FRHs, including conductive materials and flexible or stretchable substrates, focusing on the formulation of conductive ink systems for making printed FRHs by a variety of PE technologies including screen printing, inkjet printing, roll-to-roll (R2R) printing and three-dimensional (3D) printing. Various challenges facing the commercialization of printed FRHs and improved methods for portable and wearable thermal management applications have been discussed in detail to overcome these problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Liu
- Laboratory of Printable Functional Materials and Printed Electronics, School of Printing and Packaging, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China.
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Zhang Y, Liu H, Tan L, Zhang Y, Jeppson K, Wei B, Liu J. Properties of Undoped Few-Layer Graphene-Based Transparent Heaters. MATERIALS 2019; 13:ma13010104. [PMID: 31878269 PMCID: PMC6982225 DOI: 10.3390/ma13010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In many applications like sensors, displays, and defoggers, there is a need for transparent and efficient heater elements produced at low cost. For this reason, we evaluated the performance of graphene-based heaters with from one to five layers of graphene on flexible and transparent polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates in terms of their electrothermal properties like heating/cooling rates and steady-state temperatures as a function of the input power density. We found that the heating/cooling rates followed an exponential time dependence with a time constant of just below 6 s for monolayer heaters. From the relationship between the steady-state temperatures and the input power density, a convective heat-transfer coefficient of 60 W·m-2·°C-1 was found, indicating a performance much better than that of many other types of heaters like metal thin-film-based heaters and carbon nanotube-based heaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- SMIT Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Changzhong Road, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.L.); (L.T.)
- Electronics Materials and Systems Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
| | - Hao Liu
- SMIT Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Changzhong Road, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Longwang Tan
- SMIT Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Changzhong Road, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- SMIT Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Changzhong Road, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.L.); (L.T.)
| | - Kjell Jeppson
- Electronics Materials and Systems Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;
| | - Bin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Display and System Applications, Ministry of Education, Shanghai University, Yanchang Road, Shanghai 200072, China;
| | - Johan Liu
- SMIT Center, School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation, Shanghai University, Changzhong Road, Shanghai 201800, China; (H.L.); (L.T.)
- Electronics Materials and Systems Laboratory, Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (J.L.)
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